Abstract

The discovery of van der Waals magnets has established a new domain in the field of magnetism, opening novel pathways for the electrical control of magnetic properties. In this context, Fe₃GeTe₂ (FGT) emerges as an exemplary candidate owing to its intrinsic metallic properties, which facilitate the interplay of both charge and spin degrees of freedom. Here, we demonstrate the bidirectional voltage control of exchange bias (EB) effect in a perpendicularly magnetized an all-van der Waals FGT/O-FGT/hBN heterostructure. The antiferromagnetic O-FGT layer was formed by naturally oxidizing the FGT surface. The observed EB magnitude reaches 1.4 kOe with a blocking temperature (150 K) reaching close to the Curie temperature of FGT. Both the exchange field and the blocking temperature values are among the highest in the context of layered materials. The EB modulation exhibits a linear dependence on the gate voltage and its polarity, observable in both positive and negative field cooling (FC) experiments. Additionally, we demonstrate gate voltage-controlled magnetization switching, highlighting the potential of FGT-based heterostructures in advanced spintronic devices. Our findings display a methodology to modulate the magnetism of van der Waals magnets offering new avenues for the development of high-performance magnetic devices.

Abstract

The discovery of van der Waals magnets has established a new domain in the field of magnetism, opening novel pathways for the electrical control of magnetic properties. In this context, Fe₃GeTe₂ (FGT) emerges as an exemplary candidate owing to its intrinsic metallic properties, which facilitate the interplay of both charge and spin degrees of freedom. Here, we demonstrate the bidirectional voltage control of exchange bias (EB) effect in a perpendicularly magnetized an all-van der Waals FGT/O-FGT/hBN heterostructure. The antiferromagnetic O-FGT layer was formed by naturally oxidizing the FGT surface. The observed EB magnitude reaches 1.4 kOe with a blocking temperature (150 K) reaching close to the Curie temperature of FGT. Both the exchange field and the blocking temperature values are among the highest in the context of layered materials. The EB modulation exhibits a linear dependence on the gate voltage and its polarity, observable in both positive and negative field cooling (FC) experiments. Additionally, we demonstrate gate voltage-controlled magnetization switching, highlighting the potential of FGT-based heterostructures in advanced spintronic devices. Our findings display a methodology to modulate the magnetism of van der Waals magnets offering new avenues for the development of high-performance magnetic devices.

Abstract

The discovery of van der Waals magnets has established a new domain in the field of magnetism, opening novel pathways for the electrical control of magnetic properties. In this context, Fe₃GeTe₂ (FGT) emerges as an exemplary candidate owing to its intrinsic metallic properties, which facilitate the interplay of both charge and spin degrees of freedom. Here, we demonstrate the bidirectional voltage control of exchange bias (EB) effect in a perpendicularly magnetized an all-van der Waals FGT/O-FGT/hBN heterostructure. The antiferromagnetic O-FGT layer was formed by naturally oxidizing the FGT surface. The observed EB magnitude reaches 1.4 kOe with a blocking temperature (150 K) reaching close to the Curie temperature of FGT. Both the exchange field and the blocking temperature values are among the highest in the context of layered materials. The EB modulation exhibits a linear dependence on the gate voltage and its polarity, observable in both positive and negative field cooling (FC) experiments. Additionally, we demonstrate gate voltage-controlled magnetization switching, highlighting the potential of FGT-based heterostructures in advanced spintronic devices. Our findings display a methodology to modulate the magnetism of van der Waals magnets offering new avenues for the development of high-performance magnetic devices.

Abstract

The discovery of van der Waals magnets has established a new domain in the field of magnetism, opening novel pathways for the electrical control of magnetic properties. In this context, Fe₃GeTe₂ (FGT) emerges as an exemplary candidate owing to its intrinsic metallic properties, which facilitate the interplay of both charge and spin degrees of freedom. Here, we demonstrate the bidirectional voltage control of exchange bias (EB) effect in a perpendicularly magnetized an all-van der Waals FGT/O-FGT/hBN heterostructure. The antiferromagnetic O-FGT layer was formed by naturally oxidizing the FGT surface. The observed EB magnitude reaches 1.4 kOe with a blocking temperature (150 K) reaching close to the Curie temperature of FGT. Both the exchange field and the blocking temperature values are among the highest in the context of layered materials. The EB modulation exhibits a linear dependence on the gate voltage and its polarity, observable in both positive and negative field cooling (FC) experiments. Additionally, we demonstrate gate voltage-controlled magnetization switching, highlighting the potential of FGT-based heterostructures in advanced spintronic devices. Our findings display a methodology to modulate the magnetism of van der Waals magnets offering new avenues for the development of high-performance magnetic devices.