A process for making graphenol or functionalized 5 graphenes, said processes comprising the steps of: providing a carbonaceous material; extracting a humic acid solution from said carbonaceous material via a basic solution, said basic solution having a hydroxide concentration of at least approximately.005 moles per 10 liter; and chemically reducing at least one of a carbonyl group portion and a carboxylic acid group portion of said humic acid solution, said step of chemically reducing comprising the steps of: 15 placing said humic acid solution in a pressure reactor; adding a hydrogenation catalyst to said humic acid solution; purging said pressure reactor with an inert gas; 20 charging said pressure reactor with hydrogen gas; heating said humic acid solution; and removing said hydrogenation catalyst from said humic acid solution, thereby producing a solution containing graphenol.

A process for making graphenol or functionalized 5 graphenes, said processes comprising the steps of: providing a carbonaceous material; extracting a humic acid solution from said carbonaceous material via a basic solution, said basic solution having a hydroxide concentration of at least approximately.005 moles per 10 liter; and chemically reducing at least one of a carbonyl group portion and a carboxylic acid group portion of said humic acid solution, said step of chemically reducing comprising the steps of: 15 placing said humic acid solution in a pressure reactor; adding a hydrogenation catalyst to said humic acid solution; purging said pressure reactor with an inert gas; 20 charging said pressure reactor with hydrogen gas; heating said humic acid solution; and removing said hydrogenation catalyst from said humic acid solution, thereby producing a solution containing graphenol.

A process for making graphenol or functionalized 5 graphenes, said processes comprising the steps of: providing a carbonaceous material; extracting a humic acid solution from said carbonaceous material via a basic solution, said basic solution having a hydroxide concentration of at least approximately.005 moles per 10 liter; and chemically reducing at least one of a carbonyl group portion and a carboxylic acid group portion of said humic acid solution, said step of chemically reducing comprising the steps of: 15 placing said humic acid solution in a pressure reactor; adding a hydrogenation catalyst to said humic acid solution; purging said pressure reactor with an inert gas; 20 charging said pressure reactor with hydrogen gas; heating said humic acid solution; and removing said hydrogenation catalyst from said humic acid solution, thereby producing a solution containing graphenol.

A process for making graphenol or functionalized 5 graphenes, said processes comprising the steps of: providing a carbonaceous material; extracting a humic acid solution from said carbonaceous material via a basic solution, said basic solution having a hydroxide concentration of at least approximately.005 moles per 10 liter; and chemically reducing at least one of a carbonyl group portion and a carboxylic acid group portion of said humic acid solution, said step of chemically reducing comprising the steps of: 15 placing said humic acid solution in a pressure reactor; adding a hydrogenation catalyst to said humic acid solution; purging said pressure reactor with an inert gas; 20 charging said pressure reactor with hydrogen gas; heating said humic acid solution; and removing said hydrogenation catalyst from said humic acid solution, thereby producing a solution containing graphenol.