Patent
US 10,655,160FORMALDEHYDE GRAPHENE SENSOR
Tianhong Cui
US
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Atlas literature
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US 10,655,160Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1 is a schematic top-view of one embodiment of a formaldehyde electrochemical sensor in accordance with the second aspect of the invention.
Figure 2 is an enlarged schematic cross-section side-view of the formaldehyde interactive component of the formaldehyde electrochemical sensor depicted in
Figures 3 is a schematic representations of a formaldehyde electrochemical sensor in accordance with the second aspect of the invention connected to measurement circuitry.
Figures 4A-D are schematic representations of an exemplary method of fabricating a formaldehyde electrochemical sensor in accordance with the second aspect of the invention.
Figure 5 is a grossly enlarged schematic representation of an exemplary formaldehyde sensitive assembly in accordance with the first aspect of the invention, secured to a structural substrate by alternating layers of positively charged polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) and negatively …
Figure 6, is a graph depicting changes in resistance over time measured in Experiment Two.
Figures 6A, 6B and 6C are enlarged portions of the graph depicted in
Figures 7A and 7B are graphs depicting changes in resistance over time measured in Experiment Three for gaseous test samples containing 1 and 2 ppm formaldehyde respectively.
Figure 7C is a graph of shift in resistance v. formaldehyde concentration for the two test samples measured in Experiment Three, from which an algorithm for converting the electrical signal generated by the sensor to a formaldehyde concentration can be derived.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A formaldehyde sensitive assembly suitable for use in the manufacture of a formaldehyde electrochemical sensor, comprising formaldehyde dehydrogenase attached to a single layer sheet of graphene. Previously presented
The formaldehyde sensitive assembly of claim 1 wherein the formaldehyde dehydrogenase is attached to the graphene by a polymeric electrolyte linking agent. Original
A formaldehyde electrochemical sensor having a formaldehyde interactive material located between and in electrical communication with a working electrode and a counter electrode, the formaldehyde interactive material comprising a single sheet of graphene at least partially coated with immobilized formaldehyde dehydrogenase which is in fluid communication with a source of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Previously presented
The formaldehyde electrochemical sensor of claim 4 further comprising measurement circuitry in electrical communication with the working and counter electrodes operable for detecting the presence of any formaldehyde in fluid communication with the formaldehyde interactive material and generating an electrical signal representative of the amount of detected formaldehyde. Original
The formaldehyde electrochemical sensor of claim 5 wherein the measured electrical property is a shift in resistance. Claim 7: The formaldehyde electrochemical sensor of claim 4 wherein the sensor is supported upon a major surface of a structural substrate. Original
The formaldehyde electrochemical sensor of claim 4 wherein the formaldehyde dehydrogenase is immobilized upon the layer of graphene by a polymeric electrolyte linking agent. Original
The formaldehyde electrochemical sensor of claim 4 wherein the source of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is an aqueous buffered solution of P -NAD +. Original
The formaldehyde electrochemical sensor of claim 4 wherein the graphene layer is layer-by-layer self-assembled on a wafer. Original
The formaldehyde electrochemical sensor of claim 7 wherein the structural substrate is a wafer. Original
The method of claim 15 wherein the sample is a gaseous sample. Withdrawn
(Withdrawn-Previously Presented): A method of measuring formaldehyde concentration within a sample, comprising the steps o f: (a) applying a voltage to a working electrode of a formaldehyde electrochemical sensor, the formaldehyde electrochemical sensor comprising at least: (i) a working electrode and a counter electrode, (ii) a formaldehyde interactive material comprising at least a single sheet of graphene at least partially coated with immobilized formaldehyde dehydrogenase, located between and in electrical communication with the working and counter electrodes, (iii) a source of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in fluid communication with the formaldehyde interactive material, and (iv) measurement circuitry in electrical communication with the working and counter electrodes operable for detecting the presence of any formaldehyde in fluid communication with the formaldehyde interactive material and generating an electrical signal representative of the amount of detected formaldehyde, (b) measuring an electrical signal generated by the electrodes with the formaldehyde interactive material in sensing communication with the sample, and (c) determining a formaldehyde concentration within the sample by converting the electrical signal to a formaldehyde concentration based upon a known conversion algorithm. Response to f m al Office Action mailed Claim 18: The method of claim 17 wherein the sample is a gaseous sample.
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
7 materials1 process step
Thirty sensors (~10 mm x 13 mm) were fabricated on a single 4-inch diameter 300 nm thick Si wafer. Fabrication involved photolithographic formation of Au/Cr working and counter electrodes on a 300 nm SiO₂ structural substrate, layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly of graphene (using PDDA and PSS), photolithographic formation of a KMPR dielectric coating, and LbL assembly of immobilized FALDH enzyme on the exposed graphene area. A reservoir of aqueous phosphate buffered saline solution of β-NAD+ was placed in fluid communication with the enzyme-coated graphene layer.
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
formaldehyde sensitive assembly
formaldehyde electrochemical sensor
Materials described outside the worked examples.
polymeric electrolyte linking agent
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NAD+
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figure 7C is a graph of shift in resistance v. formaldehyde concentration for the two test samples measured in Experiment Three, from which an algorithm for converting the electrical signal generated by the sensor to a formaldehyde concentration can be derived.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Thickness | 10–20 mm | — |
Thickness |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,655,160Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1 is a schematic top-view of one embodiment of a formaldehyde electrochemical sensor in accordance with the second aspect of the invention.
Figure 2 is an enlarged schematic cross-section side-view of the formaldehyde interactive component of the formaldehyde electrochemical sensor depicted in
Figures 3 is a schematic representations of a formaldehyde electrochemical sensor in accordance with the second aspect of the invention connected to measurement circuitry.
Figures 4A-D are schematic representations of an exemplary method of fabricating a formaldehyde electrochemical sensor in accordance with the second aspect of the invention.
Figure 5 is a grossly enlarged schematic representation of an exemplary formaldehyde sensitive assembly in accordance with the first aspect of the invention, secured to a structural substrate by alternating layers of positively charged polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) and negatively …
Figure 6, is a graph depicting changes in resistance over time measured in Experiment Two.
Figures 6A, 6B and 6C are enlarged portions of the graph depicted in
Figures 7A and 7B are graphs depicting changes in resistance over time measured in Experiment Three for gaseous test samples containing 1 and 2 ppm formaldehyde respectively.
Figure 7C is a graph of shift in resistance v. formaldehyde concentration for the two test samples measured in Experiment Three, from which an algorithm for converting the electrical signal generated by the sensor to a formaldehyde concentration can be derived.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A formaldehyde sensitive assembly suitable for use in the manufacture of a formaldehyde electrochemical sensor, comprising formaldehyde dehydrogenase attached to a single layer sheet of graphene. Previously presented
The formaldehyde sensitive assembly of claim 1 wherein the formaldehyde dehydrogenase is attached to the graphene by a polymeric electrolyte linking agent. Original
A formaldehyde electrochemical sensor having a formaldehyde interactive material located between and in electrical communication with a working electrode and a counter electrode, the formaldehyde interactive material comprising a single sheet of graphene at least partially coated with immobilized formaldehyde dehydrogenase which is in fluid communication with a source of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Previously presented
The formaldehyde electrochemical sensor of claim 4 further comprising measurement circuitry in electrical communication with the working and counter electrodes operable for detecting the presence of any formaldehyde in fluid communication with the formaldehyde interactive material and generating an electrical signal representative of the amount of detected formaldehyde. Original
The formaldehyde electrochemical sensor of claim 5 wherein the measured electrical property is a shift in resistance. Claim 7: The formaldehyde electrochemical sensor of claim 4 wherein the sensor is supported upon a major surface of a structural substrate. Original
The formaldehyde electrochemical sensor of claim 4 wherein the formaldehyde dehydrogenase is immobilized upon the layer of graphene by a polymeric electrolyte linking agent. Original
The formaldehyde electrochemical sensor of claim 4 wherein the source of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is an aqueous buffered solution of P -NAD +. Original
The formaldehyde electrochemical sensor of claim 4 wherein the graphene layer is layer-by-layer self-assembled on a wafer. Original
The formaldehyde electrochemical sensor of claim 7 wherein the structural substrate is a wafer. Original
The method of claim 15 wherein the sample is a gaseous sample. Withdrawn
(Withdrawn-Previously Presented): A method of measuring formaldehyde concentration within a sample, comprising the steps o f: (a) applying a voltage to a working electrode of a formaldehyde electrochemical sensor, the formaldehyde electrochemical sensor comprising at least: (i) a working electrode and a counter electrode, (ii) a formaldehyde interactive material comprising at least a single sheet of graphene at least partially coated with immobilized formaldehyde dehydrogenase, located between and in electrical communication with the working and counter electrodes, (iii) a source of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in fluid communication with the formaldehyde interactive material, and (iv) measurement circuitry in electrical communication with the working and counter electrodes operable for detecting the presence of any formaldehyde in fluid communication with the formaldehyde interactive material and generating an electrical signal representative of the amount of detected formaldehyde, (b) measuring an electrical signal generated by the electrodes with the formaldehyde interactive material in sensing communication with the sample, and (c) determining a formaldehyde concentration within the sample by converting the electrical signal to a formaldehyde concentration based upon a known conversion algorithm. Response to f m al Office Action mailed Claim 18: The method of claim 17 wherein the sample is a gaseous sample.
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
7 materials1 process step
Thirty sensors (~10 mm x 13 mm) were fabricated on a single 4-inch diameter 300 nm thick Si wafer. Fabrication involved photolithographic formation of Au/Cr working and counter electrodes on a 300 nm SiO₂ structural substrate, layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly of graphene (using PDDA and PSS), photolithographic formation of a KMPR dielectric coating, and LbL assembly of immobilized FALDH enzyme on the exposed graphene area. A reservoir of aqueous phosphate buffered saline solution of β-NAD+ was placed in fluid communication with the enzyme-coated graphene layer.
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
formaldehyde sensitive assembly
formaldehyde electrochemical sensor
Materials described outside the worked examples.
polymeric electrolyte linking agent
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NAD+
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figure 7C is a graph of shift in resistance v. formaldehyde concentration for the two test samples measured in Experiment Three, from which an algorithm for converting the electrical signal generated by the sensor to a formaldehyde concentration can be derived.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Thickness | 10–20 mm | — |
Thickness |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,655,160Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1 is a schematic top-view of one embodiment of a formaldehyde electrochemical sensor in accordance with the second aspect of the invention.
Figure 2 is an enlarged schematic cross-section side-view of the formaldehyde interactive component of the formaldehyde electrochemical sensor depicted in
Figures 3 is a schematic representations of a formaldehyde electrochemical sensor in accordance with the second aspect of the invention connected to measurement circuitry.
Figures 4A-D are schematic representations of an exemplary method of fabricating a formaldehyde electrochemical sensor in accordance with the second aspect of the invention.
Figure 5 is a grossly enlarged schematic representation of an exemplary formaldehyde sensitive assembly in accordance with the first aspect of the invention, secured to a structural substrate by alternating layers of positively charged polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) and negatively …
Figure 6, is a graph depicting changes in resistance over time measured in Experiment Two.
Figures 6A, 6B and 6C are enlarged portions of the graph depicted in
Figures 7A and 7B are graphs depicting changes in resistance over time measured in Experiment Three for gaseous test samples containing 1 and 2 ppm formaldehyde respectively.
Figure 7C is a graph of shift in resistance v. formaldehyde concentration for the two test samples measured in Experiment Three, from which an algorithm for converting the electrical signal generated by the sensor to a formaldehyde concentration can be derived.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A formaldehyde sensitive assembly suitable for use in the manufacture of a formaldehyde electrochemical sensor, comprising formaldehyde dehydrogenase attached to a single layer sheet of graphene. Previously presented
The formaldehyde sensitive assembly of claim 1 wherein the formaldehyde dehydrogenase is attached to the graphene by a polymeric electrolyte linking agent. Original
A formaldehyde electrochemical sensor having a formaldehyde interactive material located between and in electrical communication with a working electrode and a counter electrode, the formaldehyde interactive material comprising a single sheet of graphene at least partially coated with immobilized formaldehyde dehydrogenase which is in fluid communication with a source of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Previously presented
The formaldehyde electrochemical sensor of claim 4 further comprising measurement circuitry in electrical communication with the working and counter electrodes operable for detecting the presence of any formaldehyde in fluid communication with the formaldehyde interactive material and generating an electrical signal representative of the amount of detected formaldehyde. Original
The formaldehyde electrochemical sensor of claim 5 wherein the measured electrical property is a shift in resistance. Claim 7: The formaldehyde electrochemical sensor of claim 4 wherein the sensor is supported upon a major surface of a structural substrate. Original
The formaldehyde electrochemical sensor of claim 4 wherein the formaldehyde dehydrogenase is immobilized upon the layer of graphene by a polymeric electrolyte linking agent. Original
The formaldehyde electrochemical sensor of claim 4 wherein the source of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is an aqueous buffered solution of P -NAD +. Original
The formaldehyde electrochemical sensor of claim 4 wherein the graphene layer is layer-by-layer self-assembled on a wafer. Original
The formaldehyde electrochemical sensor of claim 7 wherein the structural substrate is a wafer. Original
The method of claim 15 wherein the sample is a gaseous sample. Withdrawn
(Withdrawn-Previously Presented): A method of measuring formaldehyde concentration within a sample, comprising the steps o f: (a) applying a voltage to a working electrode of a formaldehyde electrochemical sensor, the formaldehyde electrochemical sensor comprising at least: (i) a working electrode and a counter electrode, (ii) a formaldehyde interactive material comprising at least a single sheet of graphene at least partially coated with immobilized formaldehyde dehydrogenase, located between and in electrical communication with the working and counter electrodes, (iii) a source of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in fluid communication with the formaldehyde interactive material, and (iv) measurement circuitry in electrical communication with the working and counter electrodes operable for detecting the presence of any formaldehyde in fluid communication with the formaldehyde interactive material and generating an electrical signal representative of the amount of detected formaldehyde, (b) measuring an electrical signal generated by the electrodes with the formaldehyde interactive material in sensing communication with the sample, and (c) determining a formaldehyde concentration within the sample by converting the electrical signal to a formaldehyde concentration based upon a known conversion algorithm. Response to f m al Office Action mailed Claim 18: The method of claim 17 wherein the sample is a gaseous sample.
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
7 materials1 process step
Thirty sensors (~10 mm x 13 mm) were fabricated on a single 4-inch diameter 300 nm thick Si wafer. Fabrication involved photolithographic formation of Au/Cr working and counter electrodes on a 300 nm SiO₂ structural substrate, layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly of graphene (using PDDA and PSS), photolithographic formation of a KMPR dielectric coating, and LbL assembly of immobilized FALDH enzyme on the exposed graphene area. A reservoir of aqueous phosphate buffered saline solution of β-NAD+ was placed in fluid communication with the enzyme-coated graphene layer.
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
formaldehyde sensitive assembly
formaldehyde electrochemical sensor
Materials described outside the worked examples.
polymeric electrolyte linking agent
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NAD+
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figure 7C is a graph of shift in resistance v. formaldehyde concentration for the two test samples measured in Experiment Three, from which an algorithm for converting the electrical signal generated by the sensor to a formaldehyde concentration can be derived.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Thickness | 10–20 mm | — |
Thickness |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,655,160Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1 is a schematic top-view of one embodiment of a formaldehyde electrochemical sensor in accordance with the second aspect of the invention.
Figure 2 is an enlarged schematic cross-section side-view of the formaldehyde interactive component of the formaldehyde electrochemical sensor depicted in
Figures 3 is a schematic representations of a formaldehyde electrochemical sensor in accordance with the second aspect of the invention connected to measurement circuitry.
Figures 4A-D are schematic representations of an exemplary method of fabricating a formaldehyde electrochemical sensor in accordance with the second aspect of the invention.
Figure 5 is a grossly enlarged schematic representation of an exemplary formaldehyde sensitive assembly in accordance with the first aspect of the invention, secured to a structural substrate by alternating layers of positively charged polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) and negatively …
Figure 6, is a graph depicting changes in resistance over time measured in Experiment Two.
Figures 6A, 6B and 6C are enlarged portions of the graph depicted in
Figures 7A and 7B are graphs depicting changes in resistance over time measured in Experiment Three for gaseous test samples containing 1 and 2 ppm formaldehyde respectively.
Figure 7C is a graph of shift in resistance v. formaldehyde concentration for the two test samples measured in Experiment Three, from which an algorithm for converting the electrical signal generated by the sensor to a formaldehyde concentration can be derived.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A formaldehyde sensitive assembly suitable for use in the manufacture of a formaldehyde electrochemical sensor, comprising formaldehyde dehydrogenase attached to a single layer sheet of graphene. Previously presented
The formaldehyde sensitive assembly of claim 1 wherein the formaldehyde dehydrogenase is attached to the graphene by a polymeric electrolyte linking agent. Original
A formaldehyde electrochemical sensor having a formaldehyde interactive material located between and in electrical communication with a working electrode and a counter electrode, the formaldehyde interactive material comprising a single sheet of graphene at least partially coated with immobilized formaldehyde dehydrogenase which is in fluid communication with a source of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Previously presented
The formaldehyde electrochemical sensor of claim 4 further comprising measurement circuitry in electrical communication with the working and counter electrodes operable for detecting the presence of any formaldehyde in fluid communication with the formaldehyde interactive material and generating an electrical signal representative of the amount of detected formaldehyde. Original
The formaldehyde electrochemical sensor of claim 5 wherein the measured electrical property is a shift in resistance. Claim 7: The formaldehyde electrochemical sensor of claim 4 wherein the sensor is supported upon a major surface of a structural substrate. Original
The formaldehyde electrochemical sensor of claim 4 wherein the formaldehyde dehydrogenase is immobilized upon the layer of graphene by a polymeric electrolyte linking agent. Original
The formaldehyde electrochemical sensor of claim 4 wherein the source of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is an aqueous buffered solution of P -NAD +. Original
The formaldehyde electrochemical sensor of claim 4 wherein the graphene layer is layer-by-layer self-assembled on a wafer. Original
The formaldehyde electrochemical sensor of claim 7 wherein the structural substrate is a wafer. Original
The method of claim 15 wherein the sample is a gaseous sample. Withdrawn
(Withdrawn-Previously Presented): A method of measuring formaldehyde concentration within a sample, comprising the steps o f: (a) applying a voltage to a working electrode of a formaldehyde electrochemical sensor, the formaldehyde electrochemical sensor comprising at least: (i) a working electrode and a counter electrode, (ii) a formaldehyde interactive material comprising at least a single sheet of graphene at least partially coated with immobilized formaldehyde dehydrogenase, located between and in electrical communication with the working and counter electrodes, (iii) a source of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in fluid communication with the formaldehyde interactive material, and (iv) measurement circuitry in electrical communication with the working and counter electrodes operable for detecting the presence of any formaldehyde in fluid communication with the formaldehyde interactive material and generating an electrical signal representative of the amount of detected formaldehyde, (b) measuring an electrical signal generated by the electrodes with the formaldehyde interactive material in sensing communication with the sample, and (c) determining a formaldehyde concentration within the sample by converting the electrical signal to a formaldehyde concentration based upon a known conversion algorithm. Response to f m al Office Action mailed Claim 18: The method of claim 17 wherein the sample is a gaseous sample.
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
7 materials1 process step
Thirty sensors (~10 mm x 13 mm) were fabricated on a single 4-inch diameter 300 nm thick Si wafer. Fabrication involved photolithographic formation of Au/Cr working and counter electrodes on a 300 nm SiO₂ structural substrate, layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly of graphene (using PDDA and PSS), photolithographic formation of a KMPR dielectric coating, and LbL assembly of immobilized FALDH enzyme on the exposed graphene area. A reservoir of aqueous phosphate buffered saline solution of β-NAD+ was placed in fluid communication with the enzyme-coated graphene layer.
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
formaldehyde sensitive assembly
formaldehyde electrochemical sensor
Materials described outside the worked examples.
polymeric electrolyte linking agent
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NAD+
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figure 7C is a graph of shift in resistance v. formaldehyde concentration for the two test samples measured in Experiment Three, from which an algorithm for converting the electrical signal generated by the sensor to a formaldehyde concentration can be derived.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Thickness | 10–20 mm | — |
Thickness |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Figure 7C is a graph of shift in resistance v. formaldehyde concentration for the two test samples measured in Experiment Three, from which an algorithm for converting the electrical signal generated by the sensor to a formaldehyde concentration can be derived.
| 5–20 mm |
| — |
Figure 7C is a graph of shift in resistance v. formaldehyde concentration for the two test samples measured in Experiment Three, from which an algorithm for converting the electrical signal generated by the sensor to a formaldehyde concentration can be derived.
| 5–20 mm |
| — |
Figure 7C is a graph of shift in resistance v. formaldehyde concentration for the two test samples measured in Experiment Three, from which an algorithm for converting the electrical signal generated by the sensor to a formaldehyde concentration can be derived.
| 5–20 mm |
| — |
Figure 7C is a graph of shift in resistance v. formaldehyde concentration for the two test samples measured in Experiment Three, from which an algorithm for converting the electrical signal generated by the sensor to a formaldehyde concentration can be derived.
| 5–20 mm |
| — |