Patent
US 9,029,782METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR GRAPHENE-BASED CHEMICAL DETECTION
Ashok J. Maliakal
US
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Patent
Atlas literature
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US 9,029,782Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 is a semische m atic perspective view of an infrared waveguide adapted for use as a chemical sensor. With reference to the figure, waveguide 110 is …
FIG. 2 is a partially schematic perspective drawing, not to scale, of one example of an aerogel- coated sensor having a design that can be fabricated using …
FIG. 3 provides a schematic representation of an 20 exemplary system in which an array of multiple sensors of, e.g., the type represented in H G. 2 are mounted …
FIG. 4. With reference to
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
Apparatus comprising: at least one lightguiding element having an optical core; and wherein the lightguiding element comprises a layer of graphene situated in sufficient proximity to the core to exhibit evanescent wave absorption of optical energy in at least one optical mode guided in the core, the lightguiding element is one of two or more light gu iding elements, each having a core and a graphene la yer in proximity to the core, each lightguiding element is optically coupled to an optical source arranged to inject light into said element and an optical detector arranged to measure optical loss by detecting light coupled out of said element, one or more diffusion la y ers of aerogel overlay the graphene layers of one or more respective lightguiding elements, and at least one light gu iding element has no diffusion layer or at least two light gu iding elements have diffusion layers of different thic k nesses.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the lightguiding element has a principal direction of optical propagation, and the graphene layer is elongated in said principal direction.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the graphene layer is electrically isolated from a gate electrode and the apparatus further comprises a voltage source arranged to apply an adjustable electrical voltage between the graphene layer and the gate electrode.
The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an electric current source and a pair of electrical contacts arranged for passing the electric current through the graphene layer.
canceled
canceled
The apparatus of claim 71, further comprising a circuit configured to compare at least two lightguiding elements by measuring a delay between changes in the 3 U.S. App l. No. 13/653,630 Patent Docket No. 46850.21760 optical loss that occur in the respective elements when the apparatus is activated by a chemical agent.
The apparatus of claim 8, wherein each graphene layer is electrically isolated from a respective gate electrode and the apparatus further comprises a voltage source arranged to apply an adjustable electrical voltage between each graphene layer and its respective gate electrode.
A system comprising: a sealable enclosure having at least one fluid inlet and at least one fluid outlet; one or more sensors contained within the sealable enclosure, wherein each of the sensors comprises a lightguiding element having an optical core and a layer of graphene situated in sufficient proximity to the core to exhibit evanescent wave absorption of optical energy in at least one optical mode guided in the core, and each of the sensors is optically coupled to an optical source and an optical detector; an impeller for moving fluid through the enclosure; a circuit adapted to apply a controllable gate voltage between the graphene layer of each sensor and a gate electrode; a circuit adapted to activate at least one said optical source; a circuit adapted to activate at least one said optical detector; a nd a circuit adapted to receive signals from at least one said detector and to provide output derived from the detector signals; and a current source adapted to drive an ohmic heating current through at least one said graphene layer and a control circuit adapted to scan the heating current over a range of values. 4 U.S. App l. No. 13/653,630 Patent Docket No. 46850.21760
The system of claim 13, wherein at least one of the optical sources is a tuneable laser and the optical source-activating circuit is adapted to scan optical output from the laser over a range of wavelengths.
The system of claim 13, wherein the gate-voltage-applying circuit is adapted to scan the gate voltage over a range of values. original
canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene evanescent wave chemical sensor (waveguide-based)
planar lightwave circuit graphene sensor
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene
aerogel
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 is a semische m atic perspective view of an infrared waveguide adapted for use as a chemical sensor. With reference to the figure, waveguide 110 is …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Thickness | 1–1.5 µm | — |
Thickness |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,029,782Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 is a semische m atic perspective view of an infrared waveguide adapted for use as a chemical sensor. With reference to the figure, waveguide 110 is …
FIG. 2 is a partially schematic perspective drawing, not to scale, of one example of an aerogel- coated sensor having a design that can be fabricated using …
FIG. 3 provides a schematic representation of an 20 exemplary system in which an array of multiple sensors of, e.g., the type represented in H G. 2 are mounted …
FIG. 4. With reference to
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
Apparatus comprising: at least one lightguiding element having an optical core; and wherein the lightguiding element comprises a layer of graphene situated in sufficient proximity to the core to exhibit evanescent wave absorption of optical energy in at least one optical mode guided in the core, the lightguiding element is one of two or more light gu iding elements, each having a core and a graphene la yer in proximity to the core, each lightguiding element is optically coupled to an optical source arranged to inject light into said element and an optical detector arranged to measure optical loss by detecting light coupled out of said element, one or more diffusion la y ers of aerogel overlay the graphene layers of one or more respective lightguiding elements, and at least one light gu iding element has no diffusion layer or at least two light gu iding elements have diffusion layers of different thic k nesses.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the lightguiding element has a principal direction of optical propagation, and the graphene layer is elongated in said principal direction.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the graphene layer is electrically isolated from a gate electrode and the apparatus further comprises a voltage source arranged to apply an adjustable electrical voltage between the graphene layer and the gate electrode.
The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an electric current source and a pair of electrical contacts arranged for passing the electric current through the graphene layer.
canceled
canceled
The apparatus of claim 71, further comprising a circuit configured to compare at least two lightguiding elements by measuring a delay between changes in the 3 U.S. App l. No. 13/653,630 Patent Docket No. 46850.21760 optical loss that occur in the respective elements when the apparatus is activated by a chemical agent.
The apparatus of claim 8, wherein each graphene layer is electrically isolated from a respective gate electrode and the apparatus further comprises a voltage source arranged to apply an adjustable electrical voltage between each graphene layer and its respective gate electrode.
A system comprising: a sealable enclosure having at least one fluid inlet and at least one fluid outlet; one or more sensors contained within the sealable enclosure, wherein each of the sensors comprises a lightguiding element having an optical core and a layer of graphene situated in sufficient proximity to the core to exhibit evanescent wave absorption of optical energy in at least one optical mode guided in the core, and each of the sensors is optically coupled to an optical source and an optical detector; an impeller for moving fluid through the enclosure; a circuit adapted to apply a controllable gate voltage between the graphene layer of each sensor and a gate electrode; a circuit adapted to activate at least one said optical source; a circuit adapted to activate at least one said optical detector; a nd a circuit adapted to receive signals from at least one said detector and to provide output derived from the detector signals; and a current source adapted to drive an ohmic heating current through at least one said graphene layer and a control circuit adapted to scan the heating current over a range of values. 4 U.S. App l. No. 13/653,630 Patent Docket No. 46850.21760
The system of claim 13, wherein at least one of the optical sources is a tuneable laser and the optical source-activating circuit is adapted to scan optical output from the laser over a range of wavelengths.
The system of claim 13, wherein the gate-voltage-applying circuit is adapted to scan the gate voltage over a range of values. original
canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene evanescent wave chemical sensor (waveguide-based)
planar lightwave circuit graphene sensor
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene
aerogel
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 is a semische m atic perspective view of an infrared waveguide adapted for use as a chemical sensor. With reference to the figure, waveguide 110 is …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Thickness | 1–1.5 µm | — |
Thickness |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,029,782Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 is a semische m atic perspective view of an infrared waveguide adapted for use as a chemical sensor. With reference to the figure, waveguide 110 is …
FIG. 2 is a partially schematic perspective drawing, not to scale, of one example of an aerogel- coated sensor having a design that can be fabricated using …
FIG. 3 provides a schematic representation of an 20 exemplary system in which an array of multiple sensors of, e.g., the type represented in H G. 2 are mounted …
FIG. 4. With reference to
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
Apparatus comprising: at least one lightguiding element having an optical core; and wherein the lightguiding element comprises a layer of graphene situated in sufficient proximity to the core to exhibit evanescent wave absorption of optical energy in at least one optical mode guided in the core, the lightguiding element is one of two or more light gu iding elements, each having a core and a graphene la yer in proximity to the core, each lightguiding element is optically coupled to an optical source arranged to inject light into said element and an optical detector arranged to measure optical loss by detecting light coupled out of said element, one or more diffusion la y ers of aerogel overlay the graphene layers of one or more respective lightguiding elements, and at least one light gu iding element has no diffusion layer or at least two light gu iding elements have diffusion layers of different thic k nesses.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the lightguiding element has a principal direction of optical propagation, and the graphene layer is elongated in said principal direction.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the graphene layer is electrically isolated from a gate electrode and the apparatus further comprises a voltage source arranged to apply an adjustable electrical voltage between the graphene layer and the gate electrode.
The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an electric current source and a pair of electrical contacts arranged for passing the electric current through the graphene layer.
canceled
canceled
The apparatus of claim 71, further comprising a circuit configured to compare at least two lightguiding elements by measuring a delay between changes in the 3 U.S. App l. No. 13/653,630 Patent Docket No. 46850.21760 optical loss that occur in the respective elements when the apparatus is activated by a chemical agent.
The apparatus of claim 8, wherein each graphene layer is electrically isolated from a respective gate electrode and the apparatus further comprises a voltage source arranged to apply an adjustable electrical voltage between each graphene layer and its respective gate electrode.
A system comprising: a sealable enclosure having at least one fluid inlet and at least one fluid outlet; one or more sensors contained within the sealable enclosure, wherein each of the sensors comprises a lightguiding element having an optical core and a layer of graphene situated in sufficient proximity to the core to exhibit evanescent wave absorption of optical energy in at least one optical mode guided in the core, and each of the sensors is optically coupled to an optical source and an optical detector; an impeller for moving fluid through the enclosure; a circuit adapted to apply a controllable gate voltage between the graphene layer of each sensor and a gate electrode; a circuit adapted to activate at least one said optical source; a circuit adapted to activate at least one said optical detector; a nd a circuit adapted to receive signals from at least one said detector and to provide output derived from the detector signals; and a current source adapted to drive an ohmic heating current through at least one said graphene layer and a control circuit adapted to scan the heating current over a range of values. 4 U.S. App l. No. 13/653,630 Patent Docket No. 46850.21760
The system of claim 13, wherein at least one of the optical sources is a tuneable laser and the optical source-activating circuit is adapted to scan optical output from the laser over a range of wavelengths.
The system of claim 13, wherein the gate-voltage-applying circuit is adapted to scan the gate voltage over a range of values. original
canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene evanescent wave chemical sensor (waveguide-based)
planar lightwave circuit graphene sensor
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene
aerogel
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 is a semische m atic perspective view of an infrared waveguide adapted for use as a chemical sensor. With reference to the figure, waveguide 110 is …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Thickness | 1–1.5 µm | — |
Thickness |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,029,782Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 is a semische m atic perspective view of an infrared waveguide adapted for use as a chemical sensor. With reference to the figure, waveguide 110 is …
FIG. 2 is a partially schematic perspective drawing, not to scale, of one example of an aerogel- coated sensor having a design that can be fabricated using …
FIG. 3 provides a schematic representation of an 20 exemplary system in which an array of multiple sensors of, e.g., the type represented in H G. 2 are mounted …
FIG. 4. With reference to
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
Apparatus comprising: at least one lightguiding element having an optical core; and wherein the lightguiding element comprises a layer of graphene situated in sufficient proximity to the core to exhibit evanescent wave absorption of optical energy in at least one optical mode guided in the core, the lightguiding element is one of two or more light gu iding elements, each having a core and a graphene la yer in proximity to the core, each lightguiding element is optically coupled to an optical source arranged to inject light into said element and an optical detector arranged to measure optical loss by detecting light coupled out of said element, one or more diffusion la y ers of aerogel overlay the graphene layers of one or more respective lightguiding elements, and at least one light gu iding element has no diffusion layer or at least two light gu iding elements have diffusion layers of different thic k nesses.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the lightguiding element has a principal direction of optical propagation, and the graphene layer is elongated in said principal direction.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the graphene layer is electrically isolated from a gate electrode and the apparatus further comprises a voltage source arranged to apply an adjustable electrical voltage between the graphene layer and the gate electrode.
The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an electric current source and a pair of electrical contacts arranged for passing the electric current through the graphene layer.
canceled
canceled
The apparatus of claim 71, further comprising a circuit configured to compare at least two lightguiding elements by measuring a delay between changes in the 3 U.S. App l. No. 13/653,630 Patent Docket No. 46850.21760 optical loss that occur in the respective elements when the apparatus is activated by a chemical agent.
The apparatus of claim 8, wherein each graphene layer is electrically isolated from a respective gate electrode and the apparatus further comprises a voltage source arranged to apply an adjustable electrical voltage between each graphene layer and its respective gate electrode.
A system comprising: a sealable enclosure having at least one fluid inlet and at least one fluid outlet; one or more sensors contained within the sealable enclosure, wherein each of the sensors comprises a lightguiding element having an optical core and a layer of graphene situated in sufficient proximity to the core to exhibit evanescent wave absorption of optical energy in at least one optical mode guided in the core, and each of the sensors is optically coupled to an optical source and an optical detector; an impeller for moving fluid through the enclosure; a circuit adapted to apply a controllable gate voltage between the graphene layer of each sensor and a gate electrode; a circuit adapted to activate at least one said optical source; a circuit adapted to activate at least one said optical detector; a nd a circuit adapted to receive signals from at least one said detector and to provide output derived from the detector signals; and a current source adapted to drive an ohmic heating current through at least one said graphene layer and a control circuit adapted to scan the heating current over a range of values. 4 U.S. App l. No. 13/653,630 Patent Docket No. 46850.21760
The system of claim 13, wherein at least one of the optical sources is a tuneable laser and the optical source-activating circuit is adapted to scan optical output from the laser over a range of wavelengths.
The system of claim 13, wherein the gate-voltage-applying circuit is adapted to scan the gate voltage over a range of values. original
canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene evanescent wave chemical sensor (waveguide-based)
planar lightwave circuit graphene sensor
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene
aerogel
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 is a semische m atic perspective view of an infrared waveguide adapted for use as a chemical sensor. With reference to the figure, waveguide 110 is …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Thickness | 1–1.5 µm | — |
Thickness |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
multi-sensor system with sealable enclosure
monolayer graphene
silicon
Si
silica
SiO₂
gold
Au
chromium
Cr
hydrogel
| 100–150 nm |
| — |
Pressure | ≥ 25 pa | — |
GRAPHENE NANORIBBON SENSOR
multi-sensor system with sealable enclosure
monolayer graphene
silicon
Si
silica
SiO₂
gold
Au
chromium
Cr
hydrogel
| 100–150 nm |
| — |
Pressure | ≥ 25 pa | — |
GRAPHENE NANORIBBON SENSOR
multi-sensor system with sealable enclosure
monolayer graphene
silicon
Si
silica
SiO₂
gold
Au
chromium
Cr
hydrogel
| 100–150 nm |
| — |
Pressure | ≥ 25 pa | — |
GRAPHENE NANORIBBON SENSOR
multi-sensor system with sealable enclosure
monolayer graphene
silicon
Si
silica
SiO₂
gold
Au
chromium
Cr
hydrogel
| 100–150 nm |
| — |
Pressure | ≥ 25 pa | — |
GRAPHENE NANORIBBON SENSOR