Patent
US 9,096,437GROWTH OF GRAPHENE FILMS FROM NON-GASEOUS CARBON SOURCES
James M. Tour, Zhengzong Sun, Zheng Yan, Gedeng Ruan et al.
WILLIAM MARSH RICE UNIVERSITY·US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,096,437Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 C shows a room temperature I ds -VG curve o n a PG- based back- gate field effect transistor (FET) device. The upper inset shows the I ds-Vs …
FIG. 2B shows the ultraviolet-visible (UV) absorption spectra of monolayered graphene and bilayered graphene. The UV transmittance (T%) of the corr esponding …
FIG. 3D shows room temperature, I ds -VG c urves with n-type behavior obtained from three different N-doped graphene-based back-gate FET devices. [0012] FIGURE …
FIG. 4. This observation confirms that the weak p-type behavior was due to physisorption of volatile molecules. [00117] Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) …
FIG. 5. For monolayered graphene, the 2D peak can be fitted with single sharp Lorentz peak. The observed 2D splitting in bilayered and few-layered graphene can …
FIG. 6. Such temperatures are lower than the original report of CVD growth temperatures on copper foils. In some embodiments, this lower temperature growth …
FIG. 7 confirm that Ni is an efficient catalytic substrate to convert PMMA into highly crystalline graphene materials with no D peak around 1350 cm⁻¹. Under the …
FIG. 8C shows the chemical structure of melamine (C₃H₆N₆). [0017] FIGURE 9 shows two-dimensional Raman spectral mapping of monolayered (
FIG. 9B represents bilayered graphene with an IG/I 2D-0.8, suggesting more than 85% bilayer coverage. The lateral scale bars are 20 m. [0018] FIGURE 10 shows …
FIG. 10, the thickness of the PG is about 0.7 nm, which confirms the monolayer nature of this material. However, limited by the wet-transfer technique, …
FIG. 11 A shows a diagram of an experimental apparatus suitable for the growth of graphene films from various raw carbon sources (e.g., food, insects or waste) …
FIG. 12B shows the backside of the Cu foil. [0021] FIGURE 13 shows a representative Raman spectrum of amorphous carbon grown on the backside of Cu foil when …
FIG. 13. [00144] After the monolayer graphene samples on the backside of the Cu foil were transferred onto a 100 nm SiO₂/Si wafer using standard protocols, the …
FIG. 14F). There was only a trace D peak in some of the spectra, and the 2D to G peak intensity ratios were ~ 4, indicating monolayer graphene. [0023] FIGURE …
FIG. 15B shows Raman spectral mapping of D/G ratio, indicating that over 95% of the scanning area has the signature of IDI G < 0.1. This is confirmation of …
FIG. 16, only a sharp peak at 284.5 eV with an asymmetric tailing towards high bonding energy is observed for C l s peak, suggesting a sp 2 graphitic peak. The …
FIG. 17. In the photographic images, the graphene films on quartz slides are unifom and transparent. Also, the sheet resistance (R S) of the graphene was in the …
FIG. 18C shows the edge of monolayer graphene film. [0027] FIGURE 19 shows Raman spectrum of a control sample. The annealing conditions are the same as the …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
. The method of claim 1, wherein the non-gaseous carbon source is deposited on a first surface of the catalyst, and wherein the graphene film forms on the first surface and a second surface of the catalyst. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the first surface and the second surface are on opposite sides of the catalyst. 28. The method of claim 1, wherein the formed graphene film comprises pristine graphene. 29. The method of claim 1, wherein the formed graphene film is a monolayered graphene. 30-41.
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
. The method of claim 1, wherein the graphene film has from about 2 layers of graphene to about 9 layers of graphene.
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
3 materials1 process step
PMMA is spin-coated or drop-cast onto a copper foil (pre-cleaned with diluted acid, acetone, and deionized water). The PMMA layer is vacuum dried to remove solvent. The copper foil is placed in an H₂/Ar purged furnace and PMMA is converted to graphene at 800–1000 °C. Optionally, the graphene film is separated by coating with a PMMA protecting layer, dissolving the copper in Marble's reagent (CuSO4:HCl:H₂O = 10 g:50 ml:50 ml), and transferring to a new substrate.
3 materials1 process step
A cockroach leg (non-gaseous carbon source) is deposited on a copper foil placed on a quartz boat. The assembly is placed at the hot zone of a tube furnace. Growth is initiated at 1050 °C under low pressure with H₂/Ar gas flow. Pristine graphene forms on the backside of the copper foil.
Materials described outside the worked examples.
non-gaseous carbon source
doped graphene film
melamine
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 C shows a room temperature I ds -VG curve o n a PG- based back- gate field effect transistor (FET) device. The upper inset shows the I ds-Vs …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Graphene Layer Count Range | 2–9 | C |
Temperature | 400–1200 °C |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,096,437Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 C shows a room temperature I ds -VG curve o n a PG- based back- gate field effect transistor (FET) device. The upper inset shows the I ds-Vs …
FIG. 2B shows the ultraviolet-visible (UV) absorption spectra of monolayered graphene and bilayered graphene. The UV transmittance (T%) of the corr esponding …
FIG. 3D shows room temperature, I ds -VG c urves with n-type behavior obtained from three different N-doped graphene-based back-gate FET devices. [0012] FIGURE …
FIG. 4. This observation confirms that the weak p-type behavior was due to physisorption of volatile molecules. [00117] Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) …
FIG. 5. For monolayered graphene, the 2D peak can be fitted with single sharp Lorentz peak. The observed 2D splitting in bilayered and few-layered graphene can …
FIG. 6. Such temperatures are lower than the original report of CVD growth temperatures on copper foils. In some embodiments, this lower temperature growth …
FIG. 7 confirm that Ni is an efficient catalytic substrate to convert PMMA into highly crystalline graphene materials with no D peak around 1350 cm⁻¹. Under the …
FIG. 8C shows the chemical structure of melamine (C₃H₆N₆). [0017] FIGURE 9 shows two-dimensional Raman spectral mapping of monolayered (
FIG. 9B represents bilayered graphene with an IG/I 2D-0.8, suggesting more than 85% bilayer coverage. The lateral scale bars are 20 m. [0018] FIGURE 10 shows …
FIG. 10, the thickness of the PG is about 0.7 nm, which confirms the monolayer nature of this material. However, limited by the wet-transfer technique, …
FIG. 11 A shows a diagram of an experimental apparatus suitable for the growth of graphene films from various raw carbon sources (e.g., food, insects or waste) …
FIG. 12B shows the backside of the Cu foil. [0021] FIGURE 13 shows a representative Raman spectrum of amorphous carbon grown on the backside of Cu foil when …
FIG. 13. [00144] After the monolayer graphene samples on the backside of the Cu foil were transferred onto a 100 nm SiO₂/Si wafer using standard protocols, the …
FIG. 14F). There was only a trace D peak in some of the spectra, and the 2D to G peak intensity ratios were ~ 4, indicating monolayer graphene. [0023] FIGURE …
FIG. 15B shows Raman spectral mapping of D/G ratio, indicating that over 95% of the scanning area has the signature of IDI G < 0.1. This is confirmation of …
FIG. 16, only a sharp peak at 284.5 eV with an asymmetric tailing towards high bonding energy is observed for C l s peak, suggesting a sp 2 graphitic peak. The …
FIG. 17. In the photographic images, the graphene films on quartz slides are unifom and transparent. Also, the sheet resistance (R S) of the graphene was in the …
FIG. 18C shows the edge of monolayer graphene film. [0027] FIGURE 19 shows Raman spectrum of a control sample. The annealing conditions are the same as the …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
. The method of claim 1, wherein the non-gaseous carbon source is deposited on a first surface of the catalyst, and wherein the graphene film forms on the first surface and a second surface of the catalyst. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the first surface and the second surface are on opposite sides of the catalyst. 28. The method of claim 1, wherein the formed graphene film comprises pristine graphene. 29. The method of claim 1, wherein the formed graphene film is a monolayered graphene. 30-41.
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
. The method of claim 1, wherein the graphene film has from about 2 layers of graphene to about 9 layers of graphene.
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
3 materials1 process step
PMMA is spin-coated or drop-cast onto a copper foil (pre-cleaned with diluted acid, acetone, and deionized water). The PMMA layer is vacuum dried to remove solvent. The copper foil is placed in an H₂/Ar purged furnace and PMMA is converted to graphene at 800–1000 °C. Optionally, the graphene film is separated by coating with a PMMA protecting layer, dissolving the copper in Marble's reagent (CuSO4:HCl:H₂O = 10 g:50 ml:50 ml), and transferring to a new substrate.
3 materials1 process step
A cockroach leg (non-gaseous carbon source) is deposited on a copper foil placed on a quartz boat. The assembly is placed at the hot zone of a tube furnace. Growth is initiated at 1050 °C under low pressure with H₂/Ar gas flow. Pristine graphene forms on the backside of the copper foil.
Materials described outside the worked examples.
non-gaseous carbon source
doped graphene film
melamine
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 C shows a room temperature I ds -VG curve o n a PG- based back- gate field effect transistor (FET) device. The upper inset shows the I ds-Vs …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Graphene Layer Count Range | 2–9 | C |
Temperature | 400–1200 °C |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,096,437Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 C shows a room temperature I ds -VG curve o n a PG- based back- gate field effect transistor (FET) device. The upper inset shows the I ds-Vs …
FIG. 2B shows the ultraviolet-visible (UV) absorption spectra of monolayered graphene and bilayered graphene. The UV transmittance (T%) of the corr esponding …
FIG. 3D shows room temperature, I ds -VG c urves with n-type behavior obtained from three different N-doped graphene-based back-gate FET devices. [0012] FIGURE …
FIG. 4. This observation confirms that the weak p-type behavior was due to physisorption of volatile molecules. [00117] Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) …
FIG. 5. For monolayered graphene, the 2D peak can be fitted with single sharp Lorentz peak. The observed 2D splitting in bilayered and few-layered graphene can …
FIG. 6. Such temperatures are lower than the original report of CVD growth temperatures on copper foils. In some embodiments, this lower temperature growth …
FIG. 7 confirm that Ni is an efficient catalytic substrate to convert PMMA into highly crystalline graphene materials with no D peak around 1350 cm⁻¹. Under the …
FIG. 8C shows the chemical structure of melamine (C₃H₆N₆). [0017] FIGURE 9 shows two-dimensional Raman spectral mapping of monolayered (
FIG. 9B represents bilayered graphene with an IG/I 2D-0.8, suggesting more than 85% bilayer coverage. The lateral scale bars are 20 m. [0018] FIGURE 10 shows …
FIG. 10, the thickness of the PG is about 0.7 nm, which confirms the monolayer nature of this material. However, limited by the wet-transfer technique, …
FIG. 11 A shows a diagram of an experimental apparatus suitable for the growth of graphene films from various raw carbon sources (e.g., food, insects or waste) …
FIG. 12B shows the backside of the Cu foil. [0021] FIGURE 13 shows a representative Raman spectrum of amorphous carbon grown on the backside of Cu foil when …
FIG. 13. [00144] After the monolayer graphene samples on the backside of the Cu foil were transferred onto a 100 nm SiO₂/Si wafer using standard protocols, the …
FIG. 14F). There was only a trace D peak in some of the spectra, and the 2D to G peak intensity ratios were ~ 4, indicating monolayer graphene. [0023] FIGURE …
FIG. 15B shows Raman spectral mapping of D/G ratio, indicating that over 95% of the scanning area has the signature of IDI G < 0.1. This is confirmation of …
FIG. 16, only a sharp peak at 284.5 eV with an asymmetric tailing towards high bonding energy is observed for C l s peak, suggesting a sp 2 graphitic peak. The …
FIG. 17. In the photographic images, the graphene films on quartz slides are unifom and transparent. Also, the sheet resistance (R S) of the graphene was in the …
FIG. 18C shows the edge of monolayer graphene film. [0027] FIGURE 19 shows Raman spectrum of a control sample. The annealing conditions are the same as the …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
. The method of claim 1, wherein the non-gaseous carbon source is deposited on a first surface of the catalyst, and wherein the graphene film forms on the first surface and a second surface of the catalyst. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the first surface and the second surface are on opposite sides of the catalyst. 28. The method of claim 1, wherein the formed graphene film comprises pristine graphene. 29. The method of claim 1, wherein the formed graphene film is a monolayered graphene. 30-41.
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
. The method of claim 1, wherein the graphene film has from about 2 layers of graphene to about 9 layers of graphene.
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
3 materials1 process step
PMMA is spin-coated or drop-cast onto a copper foil (pre-cleaned with diluted acid, acetone, and deionized water). The PMMA layer is vacuum dried to remove solvent. The copper foil is placed in an H₂/Ar purged furnace and PMMA is converted to graphene at 800–1000 °C. Optionally, the graphene film is separated by coating with a PMMA protecting layer, dissolving the copper in Marble's reagent (CuSO4:HCl:H₂O = 10 g:50 ml:50 ml), and transferring to a new substrate.
3 materials1 process step
A cockroach leg (non-gaseous carbon source) is deposited on a copper foil placed on a quartz boat. The assembly is placed at the hot zone of a tube furnace. Growth is initiated at 1050 °C under low pressure with H₂/Ar gas flow. Pristine graphene forms on the backside of the copper foil.
Materials described outside the worked examples.
non-gaseous carbon source
doped graphene film
melamine
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 C shows a room temperature I ds -VG curve o n a PG- based back- gate field effect transistor (FET) device. The upper inset shows the I ds-Vs …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Graphene Layer Count Range | 2–9 | C |
Temperature | 400–1200 °C |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,096,437Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 C shows a room temperature I ds -VG curve o n a PG- based back- gate field effect transistor (FET) device. The upper inset shows the I ds-Vs …
FIG. 2B shows the ultraviolet-visible (UV) absorption spectra of monolayered graphene and bilayered graphene. The UV transmittance (T%) of the corr esponding …
FIG. 3D shows room temperature, I ds -VG c urves with n-type behavior obtained from three different N-doped graphene-based back-gate FET devices. [0012] FIGURE …
FIG. 4. This observation confirms that the weak p-type behavior was due to physisorption of volatile molecules. [00117] Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) …
FIG. 5. For monolayered graphene, the 2D peak can be fitted with single sharp Lorentz peak. The observed 2D splitting in bilayered and few-layered graphene can …
FIG. 6. Such temperatures are lower than the original report of CVD growth temperatures on copper foils. In some embodiments, this lower temperature growth …
FIG. 7 confirm that Ni is an efficient catalytic substrate to convert PMMA into highly crystalline graphene materials with no D peak around 1350 cm⁻¹. Under the …
FIG. 8C shows the chemical structure of melamine (C₃H₆N₆). [0017] FIGURE 9 shows two-dimensional Raman spectral mapping of monolayered (
FIG. 9B represents bilayered graphene with an IG/I 2D-0.8, suggesting more than 85% bilayer coverage. The lateral scale bars are 20 m. [0018] FIGURE 10 shows …
FIG. 10, the thickness of the PG is about 0.7 nm, which confirms the monolayer nature of this material. However, limited by the wet-transfer technique, …
FIG. 11 A shows a diagram of an experimental apparatus suitable for the growth of graphene films from various raw carbon sources (e.g., food, insects or waste) …
FIG. 12B shows the backside of the Cu foil. [0021] FIGURE 13 shows a representative Raman spectrum of amorphous carbon grown on the backside of Cu foil when …
FIG. 13. [00144] After the monolayer graphene samples on the backside of the Cu foil were transferred onto a 100 nm SiO₂/Si wafer using standard protocols, the …
FIG. 14F). There was only a trace D peak in some of the spectra, and the 2D to G peak intensity ratios were ~ 4, indicating monolayer graphene. [0023] FIGURE …
FIG. 15B shows Raman spectral mapping of D/G ratio, indicating that over 95% of the scanning area has the signature of IDI G < 0.1. This is confirmation of …
FIG. 16, only a sharp peak at 284.5 eV with an asymmetric tailing towards high bonding energy is observed for C l s peak, suggesting a sp 2 graphitic peak. The …
FIG. 17. In the photographic images, the graphene films on quartz slides are unifom and transparent. Also, the sheet resistance (R S) of the graphene was in the …
FIG. 18C shows the edge of monolayer graphene film. [0027] FIGURE 19 shows Raman spectrum of a control sample. The annealing conditions are the same as the …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
. The method of claim 1, wherein the non-gaseous carbon source is deposited on a first surface of the catalyst, and wherein the graphene film forms on the first surface and a second surface of the catalyst. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the first surface and the second surface are on opposite sides of the catalyst. 28. The method of claim 1, wherein the formed graphene film comprises pristine graphene. 29. The method of claim 1, wherein the formed graphene film is a monolayered graphene. 30-41.
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
. The method of claim 1, wherein the graphene film has from about 2 layers of graphene to about 9 layers of graphene.
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
3 materials1 process step
PMMA is spin-coated or drop-cast onto a copper foil (pre-cleaned with diluted acid, acetone, and deionized water). The PMMA layer is vacuum dried to remove solvent. The copper foil is placed in an H₂/Ar purged furnace and PMMA is converted to graphene at 800–1000 °C. Optionally, the graphene film is separated by coating with a PMMA protecting layer, dissolving the copper in Marble's reagent (CuSO4:HCl:H₂O = 10 g:50 ml:50 ml), and transferring to a new substrate.
3 materials1 process step
A cockroach leg (non-gaseous carbon source) is deposited on a copper foil placed on a quartz boat. The assembly is placed at the hot zone of a tube furnace. Growth is initiated at 1050 °C under low pressure with H₂/Ar gas flow. Pristine graphene forms on the backside of the copper foil.
Materials described outside the worked examples.
non-gaseous carbon source
doped graphene film
melamine
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 C shows a room temperature I ds -VG curve o n a PG- based back- gate field effect transistor (FET) device. The upper inset shows the I ds-Vs …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Graphene Layer Count Range | 2–9 | C |
Temperature | 400–1200 °C |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
C₃H₆N₆
carborane
aminoborane
FIG. 1 C shows a room temperature I ds -VG curve o n a PG- based back- gate field effect transistor (FET) device. The upper inset shows the I ds-Vs …
FIG. 1 C shows a room temperature I ds -VG curve o n a PG- based back- gate field effect transistor (FET) device. The upper inset shows the I ds-Vs …
FIG. 1 C shows a room temperature I ds -VG curve o n a PG- based back- gate field effect transistor (FET) device. The upper inset shows the I ds-Vs …
FIG. 2B shows the ultraviolet-visible (UV) absorption spectra of monolayered graphene and bilayered graphene. The UV transmittance (T%) of the corr esponding …
FIG. 2B shows the ultraviolet-visible (UV) absorption spectra of monolayered graphene and bilayered graphene. The UV transmittance (T%) of the corr esponding …
FIG. 2B shows the ultraviolet-visible (UV) absorption spectra of monolayered graphene and bilayered graphene. The UV transmittance (T%) of the corr esponding …
FIG. 2B shows the ultraviolet-visible (UV) absorption spectra of monolayered graphene and bilayered graphene. The UV transmittance (T%) of the corr esponding …
FIG. 3D shows room temperature, I ds -VG c urves with n-type behavior obtained from three different N-doped graphene-based back-gate FET devices. [0012] FIGURE …
FIG. 3D shows room temperature, I ds -VG c urves with n-type behavior obtained from three different N-doped graphene-based back-gate FET devices. [0012] FIGURE …
FIG. 3D shows room temperature, I ds -VG c urves with n-type behavior obtained from three different N-doped graphene-based back-gate FET devices. [0012] FIGURE …
FIG. 4. This observation confirms that the weak p-type behavior was due to physisorption of volatile molecules. [00117] Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) …
FIG. 8C shows the chemical structure of melamine (C₃H₆N₆). [0017] FIGURE 9 shows two-dimensional Raman spectral mapping of monolayered (
FIG. 8C shows the chemical structure of melamine (C₃H₆N₆). [0017] FIGURE 9 shows two-dimensional Raman spectral mapping of monolayered (
FIG. 9B represents bilayered graphene with an IG/I 2D-0.8, suggesting more than 85% bilayer coverage. The lateral scale bars are 20 m. [0018] FIGURE 10 shows …
FIG. 10, the thickness of the PG is about 0.7 nm, which confirms the monolayer nature of this material. However, limited by the wet-transfer technique, …
FIG. 10, the thickness of the PG is about 0.7 nm, which confirms the monolayer nature of this material. However, limited by the wet-transfer technique, …
FIG. 11 A shows a diagram of an experimental apparatus suitable for the growth of graphene films from various raw carbon sources (e.g., food, insects or waste) …
FIG. 12B shows the backside of the Cu foil. [0021] FIGURE 13 shows a representative Raman spectrum of amorphous carbon grown on the backside of Cu foil when …
FIG. 14F). There was only a trace D peak in some of the spectra, and the 2D to G peak intensity ratios were ~ 4, indicating monolayer graphene. [0023] FIGURE …
FIG. 15B shows Raman spectral mapping of D/G ratio, indicating that over 95% of the scanning area has the signature of IDI G < 0.1. This is confirmation of …
FIG. 17. In the photographic images, the graphene films on quartz slides are unifom and transparent. Also, the sheet resistance (R S) of the graphene was in the …
FIG. 17. In the photographic images, the graphene films on quartz slides are unifom and transparent. Also, the sheet resistance (R S) of the graphene was in the …
FIG. 18C shows the edge of monolayer graphene film. [0027] FIGURE 19 shows Raman spectrum of a control sample. The annealing conditions are the same as the …
FIG. 18C shows the edge of monolayer graphene film. [0027] FIGURE 19 shows Raman spectrum of a control sample. The annealing conditions are the same as the …
| — |
Duration | 60–36000 s | — |
Duration | 1–60 minutes | — |
Pressure | 0.000001 Torr | — |
Thickness | 1585.5–1591.4 cm | — |
Thickness | 2682.6–2693.9 cm | — |
Thickness | 14.1–16.3 cm | — |
Thickness | 32–35.1 cm | — |
Temperature | 1.5–3 k | — |
Pressure | ≤ 30 Torr | — |
C₃H₆N₆
carborane
aminoborane
FIG. 1 C shows a room temperature I ds -VG curve o n a PG- based back- gate field effect transistor (FET) device. The upper inset shows the I ds-Vs …
FIG. 1 C shows a room temperature I ds -VG curve o n a PG- based back- gate field effect transistor (FET) device. The upper inset shows the I ds-Vs …
FIG. 1 C shows a room temperature I ds -VG curve o n a PG- based back- gate field effect transistor (FET) device. The upper inset shows the I ds-Vs …
FIG. 2B shows the ultraviolet-visible (UV) absorption spectra of monolayered graphene and bilayered graphene. The UV transmittance (T%) of the corr esponding …
FIG. 2B shows the ultraviolet-visible (UV) absorption spectra of monolayered graphene and bilayered graphene. The UV transmittance (T%) of the corr esponding …
FIG. 2B shows the ultraviolet-visible (UV) absorption spectra of monolayered graphene and bilayered graphene. The UV transmittance (T%) of the corr esponding …
FIG. 2B shows the ultraviolet-visible (UV) absorption spectra of monolayered graphene and bilayered graphene. The UV transmittance (T%) of the corr esponding …
FIG. 3D shows room temperature, I ds -VG c urves with n-type behavior obtained from three different N-doped graphene-based back-gate FET devices. [0012] FIGURE …
FIG. 3D shows room temperature, I ds -VG c urves with n-type behavior obtained from three different N-doped graphene-based back-gate FET devices. [0012] FIGURE …
FIG. 3D shows room temperature, I ds -VG c urves with n-type behavior obtained from three different N-doped graphene-based back-gate FET devices. [0012] FIGURE …
FIG. 4. This observation confirms that the weak p-type behavior was due to physisorption of volatile molecules. [00117] Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) …
FIG. 8C shows the chemical structure of melamine (C₃H₆N₆). [0017] FIGURE 9 shows two-dimensional Raman spectral mapping of monolayered (
FIG. 8C shows the chemical structure of melamine (C₃H₆N₆). [0017] FIGURE 9 shows two-dimensional Raman spectral mapping of monolayered (
FIG. 9B represents bilayered graphene with an IG/I 2D-0.8, suggesting more than 85% bilayer coverage. The lateral scale bars are 20 m. [0018] FIGURE 10 shows …
FIG. 10, the thickness of the PG is about 0.7 nm, which confirms the monolayer nature of this material. However, limited by the wet-transfer technique, …
FIG. 10, the thickness of the PG is about 0.7 nm, which confirms the monolayer nature of this material. However, limited by the wet-transfer technique, …
FIG. 11 A shows a diagram of an experimental apparatus suitable for the growth of graphene films from various raw carbon sources (e.g., food, insects or waste) …
FIG. 12B shows the backside of the Cu foil. [0021] FIGURE 13 shows a representative Raman spectrum of amorphous carbon grown on the backside of Cu foil when …
FIG. 14F). There was only a trace D peak in some of the spectra, and the 2D to G peak intensity ratios were ~ 4, indicating monolayer graphene. [0023] FIGURE …
FIG. 15B shows Raman spectral mapping of D/G ratio, indicating that over 95% of the scanning area has the signature of IDI G < 0.1. This is confirmation of …
FIG. 17. In the photographic images, the graphene films on quartz slides are unifom and transparent. Also, the sheet resistance (R S) of the graphene was in the …
FIG. 17. In the photographic images, the graphene films on quartz slides are unifom and transparent. Also, the sheet resistance (R S) of the graphene was in the …
FIG. 18C shows the edge of monolayer graphene film. [0027] FIGURE 19 shows Raman spectrum of a control sample. The annealing conditions are the same as the …
FIG. 18C shows the edge of monolayer graphene film. [0027] FIGURE 19 shows Raman spectrum of a control sample. The annealing conditions are the same as the …
| — |
Duration | 60–36000 s | — |
Duration | 1–60 minutes | — |
Pressure | 0.000001 Torr | — |
Thickness | 1585.5–1591.4 cm | — |
Thickness | 2682.6–2693.9 cm | — |
Thickness | 14.1–16.3 cm | — |
Thickness | 32–35.1 cm | — |
Temperature | 1.5–3 k | — |
Pressure | ≤ 30 Torr | — |
C₃H₆N₆
carborane
aminoborane
FIG. 1 C shows a room temperature I ds -VG curve o n a PG- based back- gate field effect transistor (FET) device. The upper inset shows the I ds-Vs …
FIG. 1 C shows a room temperature I ds -VG curve o n a PG- based back- gate field effect transistor (FET) device. The upper inset shows the I ds-Vs …
FIG. 1 C shows a room temperature I ds -VG curve o n a PG- based back- gate field effect transistor (FET) device. The upper inset shows the I ds-Vs …
FIG. 2B shows the ultraviolet-visible (UV) absorption spectra of monolayered graphene and bilayered graphene. The UV transmittance (T%) of the corr esponding …
FIG. 2B shows the ultraviolet-visible (UV) absorption spectra of monolayered graphene and bilayered graphene. The UV transmittance (T%) of the corr esponding …
FIG. 2B shows the ultraviolet-visible (UV) absorption spectra of monolayered graphene and bilayered graphene. The UV transmittance (T%) of the corr esponding …
FIG. 2B shows the ultraviolet-visible (UV) absorption spectra of monolayered graphene and bilayered graphene. The UV transmittance (T%) of the corr esponding …
FIG. 3D shows room temperature, I ds -VG c urves with n-type behavior obtained from three different N-doped graphene-based back-gate FET devices. [0012] FIGURE …
FIG. 3D shows room temperature, I ds -VG c urves with n-type behavior obtained from three different N-doped graphene-based back-gate FET devices. [0012] FIGURE …
FIG. 3D shows room temperature, I ds -VG c urves with n-type behavior obtained from three different N-doped graphene-based back-gate FET devices. [0012] FIGURE …
FIG. 4. This observation confirms that the weak p-type behavior was due to physisorption of volatile molecules. [00117] Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) …
FIG. 8C shows the chemical structure of melamine (C₃H₆N₆). [0017] FIGURE 9 shows two-dimensional Raman spectral mapping of monolayered (
FIG. 8C shows the chemical structure of melamine (C₃H₆N₆). [0017] FIGURE 9 shows two-dimensional Raman spectral mapping of monolayered (
FIG. 9B represents bilayered graphene with an IG/I 2D-0.8, suggesting more than 85% bilayer coverage. The lateral scale bars are 20 m. [0018] FIGURE 10 shows …
FIG. 10, the thickness of the PG is about 0.7 nm, which confirms the monolayer nature of this material. However, limited by the wet-transfer technique, …
FIG. 10, the thickness of the PG is about 0.7 nm, which confirms the monolayer nature of this material. However, limited by the wet-transfer technique, …
FIG. 11 A shows a diagram of an experimental apparatus suitable for the growth of graphene films from various raw carbon sources (e.g., food, insects or waste) …
FIG. 12B shows the backside of the Cu foil. [0021] FIGURE 13 shows a representative Raman spectrum of amorphous carbon grown on the backside of Cu foil when …
FIG. 14F). There was only a trace D peak in some of the spectra, and the 2D to G peak intensity ratios were ~ 4, indicating monolayer graphene. [0023] FIGURE …
FIG. 15B shows Raman spectral mapping of D/G ratio, indicating that over 95% of the scanning area has the signature of IDI G < 0.1. This is confirmation of …
FIG. 17. In the photographic images, the graphene films on quartz slides are unifom and transparent. Also, the sheet resistance (R S) of the graphene was in the …
FIG. 17. In the photographic images, the graphene films on quartz slides are unifom and transparent. Also, the sheet resistance (R S) of the graphene was in the …
FIG. 18C shows the edge of monolayer graphene film. [0027] FIGURE 19 shows Raman spectrum of a control sample. The annealing conditions are the same as the …
FIG. 18C shows the edge of monolayer graphene film. [0027] FIGURE 19 shows Raman spectrum of a control sample. The annealing conditions are the same as the …
| — |
Duration | 60–36000 s | — |
Duration | 1–60 minutes | — |
Pressure | 0.000001 Torr | — |
Thickness | 1585.5–1591.4 cm | — |
Thickness | 2682.6–2693.9 cm | — |
Thickness | 14.1–16.3 cm | — |
Thickness | 32–35.1 cm | — |
Temperature | 1.5–3 k | — |
Pressure | ≤ 30 Torr | — |
C₃H₆N₆
carborane
aminoborane
FIG. 1 C shows a room temperature I ds -VG curve o n a PG- based back- gate field effect transistor (FET) device. The upper inset shows the I ds-Vs …
FIG. 1 C shows a room temperature I ds -VG curve o n a PG- based back- gate field effect transistor (FET) device. The upper inset shows the I ds-Vs …
FIG. 1 C shows a room temperature I ds -VG curve o n a PG- based back- gate field effect transistor (FET) device. The upper inset shows the I ds-Vs …
FIG. 2B shows the ultraviolet-visible (UV) absorption spectra of monolayered graphene and bilayered graphene. The UV transmittance (T%) of the corr esponding …
FIG. 2B shows the ultraviolet-visible (UV) absorption spectra of monolayered graphene and bilayered graphene. The UV transmittance (T%) of the corr esponding …
FIG. 2B shows the ultraviolet-visible (UV) absorption spectra of monolayered graphene and bilayered graphene. The UV transmittance (T%) of the corr esponding …
FIG. 2B shows the ultraviolet-visible (UV) absorption spectra of monolayered graphene and bilayered graphene. The UV transmittance (T%) of the corr esponding …
FIG. 3D shows room temperature, I ds -VG c urves with n-type behavior obtained from three different N-doped graphene-based back-gate FET devices. [0012] FIGURE …
FIG. 3D shows room temperature, I ds -VG c urves with n-type behavior obtained from three different N-doped graphene-based back-gate FET devices. [0012] FIGURE …
FIG. 3D shows room temperature, I ds -VG c urves with n-type behavior obtained from three different N-doped graphene-based back-gate FET devices. [0012] FIGURE …
FIG. 4. This observation confirms that the weak p-type behavior was due to physisorption of volatile molecules. [00117] Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) …
FIG. 8C shows the chemical structure of melamine (C₃H₆N₆). [0017] FIGURE 9 shows two-dimensional Raman spectral mapping of monolayered (
FIG. 8C shows the chemical structure of melamine (C₃H₆N₆). [0017] FIGURE 9 shows two-dimensional Raman spectral mapping of monolayered (
FIG. 9B represents bilayered graphene with an IG/I 2D-0.8, suggesting more than 85% bilayer coverage. The lateral scale bars are 20 m. [0018] FIGURE 10 shows …
FIG. 10, the thickness of the PG is about 0.7 nm, which confirms the monolayer nature of this material. However, limited by the wet-transfer technique, …
FIG. 10, the thickness of the PG is about 0.7 nm, which confirms the monolayer nature of this material. However, limited by the wet-transfer technique, …
FIG. 11 A shows a diagram of an experimental apparatus suitable for the growth of graphene films from various raw carbon sources (e.g., food, insects or waste) …
FIG. 12B shows the backside of the Cu foil. [0021] FIGURE 13 shows a representative Raman spectrum of amorphous carbon grown on the backside of Cu foil when …
FIG. 14F). There was only a trace D peak in some of the spectra, and the 2D to G peak intensity ratios were ~ 4, indicating monolayer graphene. [0023] FIGURE …
FIG. 15B shows Raman spectral mapping of D/G ratio, indicating that over 95% of the scanning area has the signature of IDI G < 0.1. This is confirmation of …
FIG. 17. In the photographic images, the graphene films on quartz slides are unifom and transparent. Also, the sheet resistance (R S) of the graphene was in the …
FIG. 17. In the photographic images, the graphene films on quartz slides are unifom and transparent. Also, the sheet resistance (R S) of the graphene was in the …
FIG. 18C shows the edge of monolayer graphene film. [0027] FIGURE 19 shows Raman spectrum of a control sample. The annealing conditions are the same as the …
FIG. 18C shows the edge of monolayer graphene film. [0027] FIGURE 19 shows Raman spectrum of a control sample. The annealing conditions are the same as the …
| — |
Duration | 60–36000 s | — |
Duration | 1–60 minutes | — |
Pressure | 0.000001 Torr | — |
Thickness | 1585.5–1591.4 cm | — |
Thickness | 2682.6–2693.9 cm | — |
Thickness | 14.1–16.3 cm | — |
Thickness | 32–35.1 cm | — |
Temperature | 1.5–3 k | — |
Pressure | ≤ 30 Torr | — |