Patent
US 9,309,124Methods of Forming Graphene by Graphite Exfoliation
Kian Ping Loh
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,309,124Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 b is a schematic diagram of a general graphene-based heterojunction; [0014]
FIG. 2c is an atomic- force microscope (AFM) image of graphene flakes (sheets) on a Si substrate, wherein the graphene thickness is ~ 1.5 nm, and is believed to …
FIG. 3d.
FIG. 4d. The example PV device 70 includes a solar cell active layer 60 with an electrode (anode) 72 on one side and an electrode (cathode) 74 on the opposite …
FIG. 5b, right-side photograph). This attests to the high loading capacity of G for DNA via n-7r interactions. The effect of these non-covalent binding …
FIG. 6b), which is one to th r ee orders lower than MALDI method using a polymeric or a nanodiamond platform. [0084] The desorption-ionization processes of …
FIG. 7e plots the relationship between conductivity of the paper (Ohm per square) and the amount of graphene on the paper (mg/cm2) in F L G layer 102. A sheet …
FIG. 8c. Characterization of asymmetric nanocrysta l/graphene hetero j unction WO 2011/162727 PCT/SG₂₀₁₁/000225-- 30- [00126] As discussed above, aspect of the …
FIG. 9 i plots the concentration-dependent optical absorption spectra (absorbance vs. wavelength) of the CdTe/graphene/PbS-Ti O₂ sheet of Fig. 9h as dispersed …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
(Previously Amended) A method of forming graphene, comprising: providing a graphite sample having atomic layers of carbon with spaces in between; immersing the graphite sample in an electrolytic solution of propylene carbonate and lithium perchlorate; performing electrolysis on the immersed graphite sample to introduce organic complexes of lithium ions and propylene carbonate into the spaces between the atomic layers to form intercalated graphite; subjecting the intercalated graphite to a thermal treatment that expands the space between the atomic layers to form expanded graphite; and separating the atomic layers using sonication to form one or more sheets of graphene.
The method of claim 1, including forming the graphene as one or more flakes of graphene or one or more sheets of graphene derivatives.
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite sample is selected from the group of graphite samples comprising: natural graphite, graphite minerals, synthetic graphite, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), graphite fiber, graphite rods, graphite powder, and chemically modified graphite.
The method of claim 1, further comprising: combining the graphene with quantum dots to form a heterojunction configured to function as an active component in a photovoltaic device.
The method of claim 1, further comprising dispersing the one or more graphene sheets in an organic solvent.
The method of claim 1, further comprising forming providing on opposite 3 sides of the one or more sheets of graphene different nano-metals or semiconductor nanocrystals to form a graphene-based asymmetric heterojunction.
The method of claim 1, further comprising: applying the graphene to a flexible, nonconducting substrate to form a flexible, conducting substrate.
The method of claim 1, wherein performing the electrolysis includes employing two electrodes, wherein the graphite sample is employed as one of the electrodes and a graphite rod is used as the other electrode.
The method of claim 1, wherein the thermal treatment includes heating the intercalated graphite using a flow of a heated inert gas.
(Previously Amended) The method of claim 1, wherein the electrolytic solution contains 30-50 mg/m l of the lithium perchlorate.
2-4. Canceled.
Canceled 2
(Previously Amended) A method of forming graphene from a graphite sample comprising a lattice of carbon atoms that define atomic layers and a layer spacing, comprising: intercalating propylene carbonate and lithium perchlorate into the carbon atom lattice via direct-current electrolysis of a 30 to 50 mg/m l solution of the lithium perchlorate in the propylene carbonate at a voltage of 15V +/- 5V to form intercalated graphite; expanding the layer spacing by subjecting the intercalated graphite to a thermal process to form expanded graphite; and mechanically exfoliating one or more carbon atomic layers from the expanded graphite to form the graphene.
The method of claim 17, including forming the graphene as one or more flakes of graphene or one or more sheets of graphene derivatives.
The method of claim 17, further comprising: 4 employing the graphene in a b i oanalytical technique involving biomolecules to selectively extract or pre-concentrate the biomolecules.
The method of claim 17, where the biomolecules include at least one of: one or more proteins, DNA and RNA.
The method of claim 17, further comprising combining the graphene with chalcogenide semiconductor nanocrystals to form a heterojunction.
The method of claim 17, further comprising forming a photovoltaic device from the graphene by: using the graphene, forming a solar cell active layer comprising a graphene/nanocrystal junction, the solar cell active layer having first and second sides; forming an anode on the first side of the solar cell active layer; and forming a cathode on the second side of the solar cell active layer.
The method of claim 17, wherein the thermal process includes heating the intercalated graphite using a flow of a heated inert gas.
, 20 Canceled
Canceled.
Canceled.
Canceled. 6
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
nanocrystal/graphene heterojunction photovoltaic device
graphene-based asymmetric heterojunction
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphite
C
propylene carbonate
C₄H₆O₃
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 2c is an atomic- force microscope (AFM) image of graphene flakes (sheets) on a Si substrate, wherein the graphene thickness is ~ 1.5 nm, and is believed to …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Thickness | 2500–2800 cm | — |
Thickness | 2679–2686 cm |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,309,124Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 b is a schematic diagram of a general graphene-based heterojunction; [0014]
FIG. 2c is an atomic- force microscope (AFM) image of graphene flakes (sheets) on a Si substrate, wherein the graphene thickness is ~ 1.5 nm, and is believed to …
FIG. 3d.
FIG. 4d. The example PV device 70 includes a solar cell active layer 60 with an electrode (anode) 72 on one side and an electrode (cathode) 74 on the opposite …
FIG. 5b, right-side photograph). This attests to the high loading capacity of G for DNA via n-7r interactions. The effect of these non-covalent binding …
FIG. 6b), which is one to th r ee orders lower than MALDI method using a polymeric or a nanodiamond platform. [0084] The desorption-ionization processes of …
FIG. 7e plots the relationship between conductivity of the paper (Ohm per square) and the amount of graphene on the paper (mg/cm2) in F L G layer 102. A sheet …
FIG. 8c. Characterization of asymmetric nanocrysta l/graphene hetero j unction WO 2011/162727 PCT/SG₂₀₁₁/000225-- 30- [00126] As discussed above, aspect of the …
FIG. 9 i plots the concentration-dependent optical absorption spectra (absorbance vs. wavelength) of the CdTe/graphene/PbS-Ti O₂ sheet of Fig. 9h as dispersed …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
(Previously Amended) A method of forming graphene, comprising: providing a graphite sample having atomic layers of carbon with spaces in between; immersing the graphite sample in an electrolytic solution of propylene carbonate and lithium perchlorate; performing electrolysis on the immersed graphite sample to introduce organic complexes of lithium ions and propylene carbonate into the spaces between the atomic layers to form intercalated graphite; subjecting the intercalated graphite to a thermal treatment that expands the space between the atomic layers to form expanded graphite; and separating the atomic layers using sonication to form one or more sheets of graphene.
The method of claim 1, including forming the graphene as one or more flakes of graphene or one or more sheets of graphene derivatives.
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite sample is selected from the group of graphite samples comprising: natural graphite, graphite minerals, synthetic graphite, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), graphite fiber, graphite rods, graphite powder, and chemically modified graphite.
The method of claim 1, further comprising: combining the graphene with quantum dots to form a heterojunction configured to function as an active component in a photovoltaic device.
The method of claim 1, further comprising dispersing the one or more graphene sheets in an organic solvent.
The method of claim 1, further comprising forming providing on opposite 3 sides of the one or more sheets of graphene different nano-metals or semiconductor nanocrystals to form a graphene-based asymmetric heterojunction.
The method of claim 1, further comprising: applying the graphene to a flexible, nonconducting substrate to form a flexible, conducting substrate.
The method of claim 1, wherein performing the electrolysis includes employing two electrodes, wherein the graphite sample is employed as one of the electrodes and a graphite rod is used as the other electrode.
The method of claim 1, wherein the thermal treatment includes heating the intercalated graphite using a flow of a heated inert gas.
(Previously Amended) The method of claim 1, wherein the electrolytic solution contains 30-50 mg/m l of the lithium perchlorate.
2-4. Canceled.
Canceled 2
(Previously Amended) A method of forming graphene from a graphite sample comprising a lattice of carbon atoms that define atomic layers and a layer spacing, comprising: intercalating propylene carbonate and lithium perchlorate into the carbon atom lattice via direct-current electrolysis of a 30 to 50 mg/m l solution of the lithium perchlorate in the propylene carbonate at a voltage of 15V +/- 5V to form intercalated graphite; expanding the layer spacing by subjecting the intercalated graphite to a thermal process to form expanded graphite; and mechanically exfoliating one or more carbon atomic layers from the expanded graphite to form the graphene.
The method of claim 17, including forming the graphene as one or more flakes of graphene or one or more sheets of graphene derivatives.
The method of claim 17, further comprising: 4 employing the graphene in a b i oanalytical technique involving biomolecules to selectively extract or pre-concentrate the biomolecules.
The method of claim 17, where the biomolecules include at least one of: one or more proteins, DNA and RNA.
The method of claim 17, further comprising combining the graphene with chalcogenide semiconductor nanocrystals to form a heterojunction.
The method of claim 17, further comprising forming a photovoltaic device from the graphene by: using the graphene, forming a solar cell active layer comprising a graphene/nanocrystal junction, the solar cell active layer having first and second sides; forming an anode on the first side of the solar cell active layer; and forming a cathode on the second side of the solar cell active layer.
The method of claim 17, wherein the thermal process includes heating the intercalated graphite using a flow of a heated inert gas.
, 20 Canceled
Canceled.
Canceled.
Canceled. 6
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
nanocrystal/graphene heterojunction photovoltaic device
graphene-based asymmetric heterojunction
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphite
C
propylene carbonate
C₄H₆O₃
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 2c is an atomic- force microscope (AFM) image of graphene flakes (sheets) on a Si substrate, wherein the graphene thickness is ~ 1.5 nm, and is believed to …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Thickness | 2500–2800 cm | — |
Thickness | 2679–2686 cm |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,309,124Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 b is a schematic diagram of a general graphene-based heterojunction; [0014]
FIG. 2c is an atomic- force microscope (AFM) image of graphene flakes (sheets) on a Si substrate, wherein the graphene thickness is ~ 1.5 nm, and is believed to …
FIG. 3d.
FIG. 4d. The example PV device 70 includes a solar cell active layer 60 with an electrode (anode) 72 on one side and an electrode (cathode) 74 on the opposite …
FIG. 5b, right-side photograph). This attests to the high loading capacity of G for DNA via n-7r interactions. The effect of these non-covalent binding …
FIG. 6b), which is one to th r ee orders lower than MALDI method using a polymeric or a nanodiamond platform. [0084] The desorption-ionization processes of …
FIG. 7e plots the relationship between conductivity of the paper (Ohm per square) and the amount of graphene on the paper (mg/cm2) in F L G layer 102. A sheet …
FIG. 8c. Characterization of asymmetric nanocrysta l/graphene hetero j unction WO 2011/162727 PCT/SG₂₀₁₁/000225-- 30- [00126] As discussed above, aspect of the …
FIG. 9 i plots the concentration-dependent optical absorption spectra (absorbance vs. wavelength) of the CdTe/graphene/PbS-Ti O₂ sheet of Fig. 9h as dispersed …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
(Previously Amended) A method of forming graphene, comprising: providing a graphite sample having atomic layers of carbon with spaces in between; immersing the graphite sample in an electrolytic solution of propylene carbonate and lithium perchlorate; performing electrolysis on the immersed graphite sample to introduce organic complexes of lithium ions and propylene carbonate into the spaces between the atomic layers to form intercalated graphite; subjecting the intercalated graphite to a thermal treatment that expands the space between the atomic layers to form expanded graphite; and separating the atomic layers using sonication to form one or more sheets of graphene.
The method of claim 1, including forming the graphene as one or more flakes of graphene or one or more sheets of graphene derivatives.
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite sample is selected from the group of graphite samples comprising: natural graphite, graphite minerals, synthetic graphite, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), graphite fiber, graphite rods, graphite powder, and chemically modified graphite.
The method of claim 1, further comprising: combining the graphene with quantum dots to form a heterojunction configured to function as an active component in a photovoltaic device.
The method of claim 1, further comprising dispersing the one or more graphene sheets in an organic solvent.
The method of claim 1, further comprising forming providing on opposite 3 sides of the one or more sheets of graphene different nano-metals or semiconductor nanocrystals to form a graphene-based asymmetric heterojunction.
The method of claim 1, further comprising: applying the graphene to a flexible, nonconducting substrate to form a flexible, conducting substrate.
The method of claim 1, wherein performing the electrolysis includes employing two electrodes, wherein the graphite sample is employed as one of the electrodes and a graphite rod is used as the other electrode.
The method of claim 1, wherein the thermal treatment includes heating the intercalated graphite using a flow of a heated inert gas.
(Previously Amended) The method of claim 1, wherein the electrolytic solution contains 30-50 mg/m l of the lithium perchlorate.
2-4. Canceled.
Canceled 2
(Previously Amended) A method of forming graphene from a graphite sample comprising a lattice of carbon atoms that define atomic layers and a layer spacing, comprising: intercalating propylene carbonate and lithium perchlorate into the carbon atom lattice via direct-current electrolysis of a 30 to 50 mg/m l solution of the lithium perchlorate in the propylene carbonate at a voltage of 15V +/- 5V to form intercalated graphite; expanding the layer spacing by subjecting the intercalated graphite to a thermal process to form expanded graphite; and mechanically exfoliating one or more carbon atomic layers from the expanded graphite to form the graphene.
The method of claim 17, including forming the graphene as one or more flakes of graphene or one or more sheets of graphene derivatives.
The method of claim 17, further comprising: 4 employing the graphene in a b i oanalytical technique involving biomolecules to selectively extract or pre-concentrate the biomolecules.
The method of claim 17, where the biomolecules include at least one of: one or more proteins, DNA and RNA.
The method of claim 17, further comprising combining the graphene with chalcogenide semiconductor nanocrystals to form a heterojunction.
The method of claim 17, further comprising forming a photovoltaic device from the graphene by: using the graphene, forming a solar cell active layer comprising a graphene/nanocrystal junction, the solar cell active layer having first and second sides; forming an anode on the first side of the solar cell active layer; and forming a cathode on the second side of the solar cell active layer.
The method of claim 17, wherein the thermal process includes heating the intercalated graphite using a flow of a heated inert gas.
, 20 Canceled
Canceled.
Canceled.
Canceled. 6
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
nanocrystal/graphene heterojunction photovoltaic device
graphene-based asymmetric heterojunction
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphite
C
propylene carbonate
C₄H₆O₃
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 2c is an atomic- force microscope (AFM) image of graphene flakes (sheets) on a Si substrate, wherein the graphene thickness is ~ 1.5 nm, and is believed to …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Thickness | 2500–2800 cm | — |
Thickness | 2679–2686 cm |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,309,124Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 b is a schematic diagram of a general graphene-based heterojunction; [0014]
FIG. 2c is an atomic- force microscope (AFM) image of graphene flakes (sheets) on a Si substrate, wherein the graphene thickness is ~ 1.5 nm, and is believed to …
FIG. 3d.
FIG. 4d. The example PV device 70 includes a solar cell active layer 60 with an electrode (anode) 72 on one side and an electrode (cathode) 74 on the opposite …
FIG. 5b, right-side photograph). This attests to the high loading capacity of G for DNA via n-7r interactions. The effect of these non-covalent binding …
FIG. 6b), which is one to th r ee orders lower than MALDI method using a polymeric or a nanodiamond platform. [0084] The desorption-ionization processes of …
FIG. 7e plots the relationship between conductivity of the paper (Ohm per square) and the amount of graphene on the paper (mg/cm2) in F L G layer 102. A sheet …
FIG. 8c. Characterization of asymmetric nanocrysta l/graphene hetero j unction WO 2011/162727 PCT/SG₂₀₁₁/000225-- 30- [00126] As discussed above, aspect of the …
FIG. 9 i plots the concentration-dependent optical absorption spectra (absorbance vs. wavelength) of the CdTe/graphene/PbS-Ti O₂ sheet of Fig. 9h as dispersed …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
(Previously Amended) A method of forming graphene, comprising: providing a graphite sample having atomic layers of carbon with spaces in between; immersing the graphite sample in an electrolytic solution of propylene carbonate and lithium perchlorate; performing electrolysis on the immersed graphite sample to introduce organic complexes of lithium ions and propylene carbonate into the spaces between the atomic layers to form intercalated graphite; subjecting the intercalated graphite to a thermal treatment that expands the space between the atomic layers to form expanded graphite; and separating the atomic layers using sonication to form one or more sheets of graphene.
The method of claim 1, including forming the graphene as one or more flakes of graphene or one or more sheets of graphene derivatives.
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite sample is selected from the group of graphite samples comprising: natural graphite, graphite minerals, synthetic graphite, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), graphite fiber, graphite rods, graphite powder, and chemically modified graphite.
The method of claim 1, further comprising: combining the graphene with quantum dots to form a heterojunction configured to function as an active component in a photovoltaic device.
The method of claim 1, further comprising dispersing the one or more graphene sheets in an organic solvent.
The method of claim 1, further comprising forming providing on opposite 3 sides of the one or more sheets of graphene different nano-metals or semiconductor nanocrystals to form a graphene-based asymmetric heterojunction.
The method of claim 1, further comprising: applying the graphene to a flexible, nonconducting substrate to form a flexible, conducting substrate.
The method of claim 1, wherein performing the electrolysis includes employing two electrodes, wherein the graphite sample is employed as one of the electrodes and a graphite rod is used as the other electrode.
The method of claim 1, wherein the thermal treatment includes heating the intercalated graphite using a flow of a heated inert gas.
(Previously Amended) The method of claim 1, wherein the electrolytic solution contains 30-50 mg/m l of the lithium perchlorate.
2-4. Canceled.
Canceled 2
(Previously Amended) A method of forming graphene from a graphite sample comprising a lattice of carbon atoms that define atomic layers and a layer spacing, comprising: intercalating propylene carbonate and lithium perchlorate into the carbon atom lattice via direct-current electrolysis of a 30 to 50 mg/m l solution of the lithium perchlorate in the propylene carbonate at a voltage of 15V +/- 5V to form intercalated graphite; expanding the layer spacing by subjecting the intercalated graphite to a thermal process to form expanded graphite; and mechanically exfoliating one or more carbon atomic layers from the expanded graphite to form the graphene.
The method of claim 17, including forming the graphene as one or more flakes of graphene or one or more sheets of graphene derivatives.
The method of claim 17, further comprising: 4 employing the graphene in a b i oanalytical technique involving biomolecules to selectively extract or pre-concentrate the biomolecules.
The method of claim 17, where the biomolecules include at least one of: one or more proteins, DNA and RNA.
The method of claim 17, further comprising combining the graphene with chalcogenide semiconductor nanocrystals to form a heterojunction.
The method of claim 17, further comprising forming a photovoltaic device from the graphene by: using the graphene, forming a solar cell active layer comprising a graphene/nanocrystal junction, the solar cell active layer having first and second sides; forming an anode on the first side of the solar cell active layer; and forming a cathode on the second side of the solar cell active layer.
The method of claim 17, wherein the thermal process includes heating the intercalated graphite using a flow of a heated inert gas.
, 20 Canceled
Canceled.
Canceled.
Canceled. 6
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
nanocrystal/graphene heterojunction photovoltaic device
graphene-based asymmetric heterojunction
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphite
C
propylene carbonate
C₄H₆O₃
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 2c is an atomic- force microscope (AFM) image of graphene flakes (sheets) on a Si substrate, wherein the graphene thickness is ~ 1.5 nm, and is believed to …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Thickness | 2500–2800 cm | — |
Thickness | 2679–2686 cm |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
lithium perchlorate
LiClO₄
intercalated graphite
chalcogenide semiconductor nanocrystals
CdTe
PbS
TiO₂
CdSe
FIG. 2c is an atomic- force microscope (AFM) image of graphene flakes (sheets) on a Si substrate, wherein the graphene thickness is ~ 1.5 nm, and is believed to …
FIG. 2c is an atomic- force microscope (AFM) image of graphene flakes (sheets) on a Si substrate, wherein the graphene thickness is ~ 1.5 nm, and is believed to …
FIG. 2c is an atomic- force microscope (AFM) image of graphene flakes (sheets) on a Si substrate, wherein the graphene thickness is ~ 1.5 nm, and is believed to …
FIG. 4d. The example PV device 70 includes a solar cell active layer 60 with an electrode (anode) 72 on one side and an electrode (cathode) 74 on the opposite …
FIG. 4d. The example PV device 70 includes a solar cell active layer 60 with an electrode (anode) 72 on one side and an electrode (cathode) 74 on the opposite …
FIG. 5b, right-side photograph). This attests to the high loading capacity of G for DNA via n-7r interactions. The effect of these non-covalent binding …
FIG. 7e plots the relationship between conductivity of the paper (Ohm per square) and the amount of graphene on the paper (mg/cm2) in F L G layer 102. A sheet …
FIG. 8c. Characterization of asymmetric nanocrysta l/graphene hetero j unction WO 2011/162727 PCT/SG₂₀₁₁/000225-- 30- [00126] As discussed above, aspect of the …
FIG. 9 i plots the concentration-dependent optical absorption spectra (absorbance vs. wavelength) of the CdTe/graphene/PbS-Ti O₂ sheet of Fig. 9h as dispersed …
| — |
Voltage | 0.2–0.3 V | — |
— | 4840–5300 W | — |
Voltage | 4–30 V | — |
Duration | 7–15 minutes | — |
Thickness | 0.5–30 nm | — |
Voltage | ≤ 7.5 V | — |
Thickness | ≥ 20 nm | — |
Duration | ≥ 10 hours | — |
lithium perchlorate
LiClO₄
intercalated graphite
chalcogenide semiconductor nanocrystals
CdTe
PbS
TiO₂
CdSe
FIG. 2c is an atomic- force microscope (AFM) image of graphene flakes (sheets) on a Si substrate, wherein the graphene thickness is ~ 1.5 nm, and is believed to …
FIG. 2c is an atomic- force microscope (AFM) image of graphene flakes (sheets) on a Si substrate, wherein the graphene thickness is ~ 1.5 nm, and is believed to …
FIG. 2c is an atomic- force microscope (AFM) image of graphene flakes (sheets) on a Si substrate, wherein the graphene thickness is ~ 1.5 nm, and is believed to …
FIG. 4d. The example PV device 70 includes a solar cell active layer 60 with an electrode (anode) 72 on one side and an electrode (cathode) 74 on the opposite …
FIG. 4d. The example PV device 70 includes a solar cell active layer 60 with an electrode (anode) 72 on one side and an electrode (cathode) 74 on the opposite …
FIG. 5b, right-side photograph). This attests to the high loading capacity of G for DNA via n-7r interactions. The effect of these non-covalent binding …
FIG. 7e plots the relationship between conductivity of the paper (Ohm per square) and the amount of graphene on the paper (mg/cm2) in F L G layer 102. A sheet …
FIG. 8c. Characterization of asymmetric nanocrysta l/graphene hetero j unction WO 2011/162727 PCT/SG₂₀₁₁/000225-- 30- [00126] As discussed above, aspect of the …
FIG. 9 i plots the concentration-dependent optical absorption spectra (absorbance vs. wavelength) of the CdTe/graphene/PbS-Ti O₂ sheet of Fig. 9h as dispersed …
| — |
Voltage | 0.2–0.3 V | — |
— | 4840–5300 W | — |
Voltage | 4–30 V | — |
Duration | 7–15 minutes | — |
Thickness | 0.5–30 nm | — |
Voltage | ≤ 7.5 V | — |
Thickness | ≥ 20 nm | — |
Duration | ≥ 10 hours | — |
lithium perchlorate
LiClO₄
intercalated graphite
chalcogenide semiconductor nanocrystals
CdTe
PbS
TiO₂
CdSe
FIG. 2c is an atomic- force microscope (AFM) image of graphene flakes (sheets) on a Si substrate, wherein the graphene thickness is ~ 1.5 nm, and is believed to …
FIG. 2c is an atomic- force microscope (AFM) image of graphene flakes (sheets) on a Si substrate, wherein the graphene thickness is ~ 1.5 nm, and is believed to …
FIG. 2c is an atomic- force microscope (AFM) image of graphene flakes (sheets) on a Si substrate, wherein the graphene thickness is ~ 1.5 nm, and is believed to …
FIG. 4d. The example PV device 70 includes a solar cell active layer 60 with an electrode (anode) 72 on one side and an electrode (cathode) 74 on the opposite …
FIG. 4d. The example PV device 70 includes a solar cell active layer 60 with an electrode (anode) 72 on one side and an electrode (cathode) 74 on the opposite …
FIG. 5b, right-side photograph). This attests to the high loading capacity of G for DNA via n-7r interactions. The effect of these non-covalent binding …
FIG. 7e plots the relationship between conductivity of the paper (Ohm per square) and the amount of graphene on the paper (mg/cm2) in F L G layer 102. A sheet …
FIG. 8c. Characterization of asymmetric nanocrysta l/graphene hetero j unction WO 2011/162727 PCT/SG₂₀₁₁/000225-- 30- [00126] As discussed above, aspect of the …
FIG. 9 i plots the concentration-dependent optical absorption spectra (absorbance vs. wavelength) of the CdTe/graphene/PbS-Ti O₂ sheet of Fig. 9h as dispersed …
| — |
Voltage | 0.2–0.3 V | — |
— | 4840–5300 W | — |
Voltage | 4–30 V | — |
Duration | 7–15 minutes | — |
Thickness | 0.5–30 nm | — |
Voltage | ≤ 7.5 V | — |
Thickness | ≥ 20 nm | — |
Duration | ≥ 10 hours | — |
lithium perchlorate
LiClO₄
intercalated graphite
chalcogenide semiconductor nanocrystals
CdTe
PbS
TiO₂
CdSe
FIG. 2c is an atomic- force microscope (AFM) image of graphene flakes (sheets) on a Si substrate, wherein the graphene thickness is ~ 1.5 nm, and is believed to …
FIG. 2c is an atomic- force microscope (AFM) image of graphene flakes (sheets) on a Si substrate, wherein the graphene thickness is ~ 1.5 nm, and is believed to …
FIG. 2c is an atomic- force microscope (AFM) image of graphene flakes (sheets) on a Si substrate, wherein the graphene thickness is ~ 1.5 nm, and is believed to …
FIG. 4d. The example PV device 70 includes a solar cell active layer 60 with an electrode (anode) 72 on one side and an electrode (cathode) 74 on the opposite …
FIG. 4d. The example PV device 70 includes a solar cell active layer 60 with an electrode (anode) 72 on one side and an electrode (cathode) 74 on the opposite …
FIG. 5b, right-side photograph). This attests to the high loading capacity of G for DNA via n-7r interactions. The effect of these non-covalent binding …
FIG. 7e plots the relationship between conductivity of the paper (Ohm per square) and the amount of graphene on the paper (mg/cm2) in F L G layer 102. A sheet …
FIG. 8c. Characterization of asymmetric nanocrysta l/graphene hetero j unction WO 2011/162727 PCT/SG₂₀₁₁/000225-- 30- [00126] As discussed above, aspect of the …
FIG. 9 i plots the concentration-dependent optical absorption spectra (absorbance vs. wavelength) of the CdTe/graphene/PbS-Ti O₂ sheet of Fig. 9h as dispersed …
| — |
Voltage | 0.2–0.3 V | — |
— | 4840–5300 W | — |
Voltage | 4–30 V | — |
Duration | 7–15 minutes | — |
Thickness | 0.5–30 nm | — |
Voltage | ≤ 7.5 V | — |
Thickness | ≥ 20 nm | — |
Duration | ≥ 10 hours | — |