Patent
US 9,966,199Supercapacitor Having a Highly Conductive Graphene Foam Electrode
Aruna Zhamu
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,966,199Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 (A) A flow chart illustrating various prior art processes of producing exfoliated graphite products (flexible graphite foils and expanded graphite flakes), …
FIG.2 Schematic of a conventional supercapacitor cell.
FIG.3 A possible mechanism of chemical linking between graphene oxide sheets that 10 effectively increases the graphene sheet lateral dimensions.
FIG.4 (C) electrical conductivity data for the GO suspension-derived foam produced by the presently invented process and the hydrother m ally reduced GO …
FIG.5(A) Thermal conductivity values (vs. specific gravity values up to 1.02 SVG 14998475.01-11-2016.IK₁FGAJ₂RXEAPX1.SPEC.20.18.1861.1860.1992.1918.svg 0.193 …
FIG.6 Thermal conductivity values of graphene foam samples derived from GO and GF 25 (graphene fluoride) as a function of the specific gravity.
FIG.7 Thermal conductivity values of graphene foam samples derived from GO and pristine graphene as a function of the final (maximum) heat treatment temperature.
FIG.8(A) Inter-graphene plane spacing in graphene foam walls as measured by X-ray diffraction;
FIG.9 The electrode specific capacitance values of two series of supercapacitors (conventional and presently invented) plotted as a function of the electrode …
FIG. 10 Ragone plots (gravimetric and volumetric power density vs. energy density) of symmetric supercapacitor (EDLC) cells containing isolated nitrogen-doped …
FIG. 11 Ragone plots of lithium ion capacitor (LIC) cells containing pristine graphene sheets as the electrode active material and lithium salt-P C/DEC organic …
FIG. 12 The cell-level gravimetric and volumetric energy densities plotted over the achievable electrode thickness range of the RGO-based EDLC supercapacitors …
FIG. 13 The cell-level gravimetric energy densities plotted over the achievable active material 20 proportion (active material weight/total cell weight) in a …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A supercapacitor electrode comprising a solid graphene foam impregnated with a liquid or gel electrolyte, wherein said solid graphene foam is composed of multiple pores and pore walls, wherein the pore walls contain a 3D network of interconnected g raphene planes that form electron-conducting pathways and wherein said pore walls contain a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements, or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001% to 5% by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, SVG 14998475.10-24-2017.J₉₅PFHGSRXEAPX5.CLM.1.17.1490.1662.1617.1719.svg 0.19 0.423 Chemistry Black and white SVG 14998475.10-24-2017.J₉₅PFHGSRXEAPX5.CLM.1.18.552.1749.656.1806.svg 0.19 0.347 Chemistry Black and white hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof, and said solid graphene foam, when measured in a dried state without said electrolyte, has a physical density from 0.01 to 1.7 a specific surface area from 50 to 3,300 a thermal conductivity from 200 W/mK to 500 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and an electrical conductivity from 2,000 S/cm to 4,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-plane spacing d 00 2 from 0.3354 nm to 0.40 nm as measured by X-ray diffraction. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain a pristine graphene and said solid graphene foam has a density from 0.1 to 1.7 g/cm 3 or an average pore size from 0.5 nm to 50 nm. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain a non- pristine graphene material selected from the group consisting of graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, doped graphene, and combinations thereof, and wherein said solid graphene foam contains a content of non-carbon elements in the range of 0.01% to 2.0% by weight. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said solid graphene foam further contains a carbon or graphite material selected from carbon nanotubes, carbon nano-fibers, carbon fiber segments, graphite fiber segments, activated carbon, carbon black particles, carbon wires, natural graphite particles, needle coke particles, meso-carbon micro-beads, particles of a natural or artificial graphite, expanded graphite flakes, or a combination thereof. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said solid graphene foam has a specific surface area from 200 to 3,000 m 2/g or a density from 0.1 to 1.5 SVG 14998475.10-24-2017.J₉₅PFHGSRXEAPX5.CLM.2.12.1834.1148.1959.1205.svg 0.19 0.417 Chemistry Black and white Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said non-carbon elements include an element selected from oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, nitrogen, hydrogen, or boron. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said multiple pores contain a redox pair partner selected from an intrinsically conductive polymer, a transition metal oxide, and/or an organic molecule, wherein said redox pair partner is in physical or electronic contact with said graphene material, forming a redox pair therewith. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, which is in a continuous-length roll sheet form having a thickness from 10 nm to 10 mm and a length of at least 2 meters and is produced by a roll-to-roll process. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said solid graphene foam has an oxygen content or non-carbon content less than 1 % by weight, and said pore walls have an intergraphene spacing less than 0.35 nm, a thermal conductivity from 250 W/mK to 500 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 2,500 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. 12. The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said graphene foam has an oxygen content or non-carbon content less than 0.0 1 % by weight and said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.34 nm, a thermal conductivity fr om 300 W/mK to 500 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 3,000 S/cm to 4,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said graphene foam has an oxygen content or non-carbon content no greater than 0.1% by weight and said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.7, a thermal conductivity fr om 350 W/mK to 500 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 3,500 S/cm to 4,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said graphene foam has pore walls containing stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.4, and/or a thermal conductivity from 400 W/mK to 500 W/mK per unit of specific gravit. Currently amended
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein the pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.337 nm and a mosaic spread value less than 1.0. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein the solid graphene foam exhibits a degree of graphitization no less than 80% and/or a mosaic spread value less than 0.4. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain a 3D network of interconnected graphene planes. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said solid graphene foam contains pores having a pore size from 0.5 nm to 100 nm, measured in a dried state without said electrolyte. 19. The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said liquid electrolyte contains an aqueous electrolyte, organic electrolyte, ionic liquid electrolyte, or a mixture of an organic and an ionic liquid electrolyte. Original
A supercapacitor comprising an anode, a porous separator-electrolyte layer or electrolyte-permeable membrane, and a cathode, wherein either or both of said anode and said cathode contains the electrode of claim 1. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 20, which is a lithium-ion capacitor or sodium-ion capacitor having a cathode containing the electrode of claim 1 and an anode containing a pre- lithiated anode active material or a pre-sodiated anode active material. Original
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
supercapacitor electrode (solid graphene foam)
supercapacitor cell
Materials described outside the worked examples.
pristine graphene
non-pristine graphene
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG.4 (C) electrical conductivity data for the GO suspension-derived foam produced by the presently invented process and the hydrother m ally reduced GO …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
solid graphene foam physical density (claim range) | 0.01–1.7 g/cm3 | pristine graphene |
solid graphene foam specific surface area (claim range) | 50–3300 m2/g |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,966,199Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 (A) A flow chart illustrating various prior art processes of producing exfoliated graphite products (flexible graphite foils and expanded graphite flakes), …
FIG.2 Schematic of a conventional supercapacitor cell.
FIG.3 A possible mechanism of chemical linking between graphene oxide sheets that 10 effectively increases the graphene sheet lateral dimensions.
FIG.4 (C) electrical conductivity data for the GO suspension-derived foam produced by the presently invented process and the hydrother m ally reduced GO …
FIG.5(A) Thermal conductivity values (vs. specific gravity values up to 1.02 SVG 14998475.01-11-2016.IK₁FGAJ₂RXEAPX1.SPEC.20.18.1861.1860.1992.1918.svg 0.193 …
FIG.6 Thermal conductivity values of graphene foam samples derived from GO and GF 25 (graphene fluoride) as a function of the specific gravity.
FIG.7 Thermal conductivity values of graphene foam samples derived from GO and pristine graphene as a function of the final (maximum) heat treatment temperature.
FIG.8(A) Inter-graphene plane spacing in graphene foam walls as measured by X-ray diffraction;
FIG.9 The electrode specific capacitance values of two series of supercapacitors (conventional and presently invented) plotted as a function of the electrode …
FIG. 10 Ragone plots (gravimetric and volumetric power density vs. energy density) of symmetric supercapacitor (EDLC) cells containing isolated nitrogen-doped …
FIG. 11 Ragone plots of lithium ion capacitor (LIC) cells containing pristine graphene sheets as the electrode active material and lithium salt-P C/DEC organic …
FIG. 12 The cell-level gravimetric and volumetric energy densities plotted over the achievable electrode thickness range of the RGO-based EDLC supercapacitors …
FIG. 13 The cell-level gravimetric energy densities plotted over the achievable active material 20 proportion (active material weight/total cell weight) in a …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A supercapacitor electrode comprising a solid graphene foam impregnated with a liquid or gel electrolyte, wherein said solid graphene foam is composed of multiple pores and pore walls, wherein the pore walls contain a 3D network of interconnected g raphene planes that form electron-conducting pathways and wherein said pore walls contain a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements, or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001% to 5% by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, SVG 14998475.10-24-2017.J₉₅PFHGSRXEAPX5.CLM.1.17.1490.1662.1617.1719.svg 0.19 0.423 Chemistry Black and white SVG 14998475.10-24-2017.J₉₅PFHGSRXEAPX5.CLM.1.18.552.1749.656.1806.svg 0.19 0.347 Chemistry Black and white hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof, and said solid graphene foam, when measured in a dried state without said electrolyte, has a physical density from 0.01 to 1.7 a specific surface area from 50 to 3,300 a thermal conductivity from 200 W/mK to 500 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and an electrical conductivity from 2,000 S/cm to 4,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-plane spacing d 00 2 from 0.3354 nm to 0.40 nm as measured by X-ray diffraction. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain a pristine graphene and said solid graphene foam has a density from 0.1 to 1.7 g/cm 3 or an average pore size from 0.5 nm to 50 nm. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain a non- pristine graphene material selected from the group consisting of graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, doped graphene, and combinations thereof, and wherein said solid graphene foam contains a content of non-carbon elements in the range of 0.01% to 2.0% by weight. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said solid graphene foam further contains a carbon or graphite material selected from carbon nanotubes, carbon nano-fibers, carbon fiber segments, graphite fiber segments, activated carbon, carbon black particles, carbon wires, natural graphite particles, needle coke particles, meso-carbon micro-beads, particles of a natural or artificial graphite, expanded graphite flakes, or a combination thereof. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said solid graphene foam has a specific surface area from 200 to 3,000 m 2/g or a density from 0.1 to 1.5 SVG 14998475.10-24-2017.J₉₅PFHGSRXEAPX5.CLM.2.12.1834.1148.1959.1205.svg 0.19 0.417 Chemistry Black and white Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said non-carbon elements include an element selected from oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, nitrogen, hydrogen, or boron. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said multiple pores contain a redox pair partner selected from an intrinsically conductive polymer, a transition metal oxide, and/or an organic molecule, wherein said redox pair partner is in physical or electronic contact with said graphene material, forming a redox pair therewith. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, which is in a continuous-length roll sheet form having a thickness from 10 nm to 10 mm and a length of at least 2 meters and is produced by a roll-to-roll process. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said solid graphene foam has an oxygen content or non-carbon content less than 1 % by weight, and said pore walls have an intergraphene spacing less than 0.35 nm, a thermal conductivity from 250 W/mK to 500 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 2,500 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. 12. The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said graphene foam has an oxygen content or non-carbon content less than 0.0 1 % by weight and said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.34 nm, a thermal conductivity fr om 300 W/mK to 500 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 3,000 S/cm to 4,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said graphene foam has an oxygen content or non-carbon content no greater than 0.1% by weight and said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.7, a thermal conductivity fr om 350 W/mK to 500 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 3,500 S/cm to 4,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said graphene foam has pore walls containing stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.4, and/or a thermal conductivity from 400 W/mK to 500 W/mK per unit of specific gravit. Currently amended
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein the pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.337 nm and a mosaic spread value less than 1.0. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein the solid graphene foam exhibits a degree of graphitization no less than 80% and/or a mosaic spread value less than 0.4. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain a 3D network of interconnected graphene planes. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said solid graphene foam contains pores having a pore size from 0.5 nm to 100 nm, measured in a dried state without said electrolyte. 19. The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said liquid electrolyte contains an aqueous electrolyte, organic electrolyte, ionic liquid electrolyte, or a mixture of an organic and an ionic liquid electrolyte. Original
A supercapacitor comprising an anode, a porous separator-electrolyte layer or electrolyte-permeable membrane, and a cathode, wherein either or both of said anode and said cathode contains the electrode of claim 1. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 20, which is a lithium-ion capacitor or sodium-ion capacitor having a cathode containing the electrode of claim 1 and an anode containing a pre- lithiated anode active material or a pre-sodiated anode active material. Original
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
supercapacitor electrode (solid graphene foam)
supercapacitor cell
Materials described outside the worked examples.
pristine graphene
non-pristine graphene
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG.4 (C) electrical conductivity data for the GO suspension-derived foam produced by the presently invented process and the hydrother m ally reduced GO …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
solid graphene foam physical density (claim range) | 0.01–1.7 g/cm3 | pristine graphene |
solid graphene foam specific surface area (claim range) | 50–3300 m2/g |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,966,199Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 (A) A flow chart illustrating various prior art processes of producing exfoliated graphite products (flexible graphite foils and expanded graphite flakes), …
FIG.2 Schematic of a conventional supercapacitor cell.
FIG.3 A possible mechanism of chemical linking between graphene oxide sheets that 10 effectively increases the graphene sheet lateral dimensions.
FIG.4 (C) electrical conductivity data for the GO suspension-derived foam produced by the presently invented process and the hydrother m ally reduced GO …
FIG.5(A) Thermal conductivity values (vs. specific gravity values up to 1.02 SVG 14998475.01-11-2016.IK₁FGAJ₂RXEAPX1.SPEC.20.18.1861.1860.1992.1918.svg 0.193 …
FIG.6 Thermal conductivity values of graphene foam samples derived from GO and GF 25 (graphene fluoride) as a function of the specific gravity.
FIG.7 Thermal conductivity values of graphene foam samples derived from GO and pristine graphene as a function of the final (maximum) heat treatment temperature.
FIG.8(A) Inter-graphene plane spacing in graphene foam walls as measured by X-ray diffraction;
FIG.9 The electrode specific capacitance values of two series of supercapacitors (conventional and presently invented) plotted as a function of the electrode …
FIG. 10 Ragone plots (gravimetric and volumetric power density vs. energy density) of symmetric supercapacitor (EDLC) cells containing isolated nitrogen-doped …
FIG. 11 Ragone plots of lithium ion capacitor (LIC) cells containing pristine graphene sheets as the electrode active material and lithium salt-P C/DEC organic …
FIG. 12 The cell-level gravimetric and volumetric energy densities plotted over the achievable electrode thickness range of the RGO-based EDLC supercapacitors …
FIG. 13 The cell-level gravimetric energy densities plotted over the achievable active material 20 proportion (active material weight/total cell weight) in a …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A supercapacitor electrode comprising a solid graphene foam impregnated with a liquid or gel electrolyte, wherein said solid graphene foam is composed of multiple pores and pore walls, wherein the pore walls contain a 3D network of interconnected g raphene planes that form electron-conducting pathways and wherein said pore walls contain a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements, or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001% to 5% by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, SVG 14998475.10-24-2017.J₉₅PFHGSRXEAPX5.CLM.1.17.1490.1662.1617.1719.svg 0.19 0.423 Chemistry Black and white SVG 14998475.10-24-2017.J₉₅PFHGSRXEAPX5.CLM.1.18.552.1749.656.1806.svg 0.19 0.347 Chemistry Black and white hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof, and said solid graphene foam, when measured in a dried state without said electrolyte, has a physical density from 0.01 to 1.7 a specific surface area from 50 to 3,300 a thermal conductivity from 200 W/mK to 500 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and an electrical conductivity from 2,000 S/cm to 4,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-plane spacing d 00 2 from 0.3354 nm to 0.40 nm as measured by X-ray diffraction. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain a pristine graphene and said solid graphene foam has a density from 0.1 to 1.7 g/cm 3 or an average pore size from 0.5 nm to 50 nm. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain a non- pristine graphene material selected from the group consisting of graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, doped graphene, and combinations thereof, and wherein said solid graphene foam contains a content of non-carbon elements in the range of 0.01% to 2.0% by weight. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said solid graphene foam further contains a carbon or graphite material selected from carbon nanotubes, carbon nano-fibers, carbon fiber segments, graphite fiber segments, activated carbon, carbon black particles, carbon wires, natural graphite particles, needle coke particles, meso-carbon micro-beads, particles of a natural or artificial graphite, expanded graphite flakes, or a combination thereof. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said solid graphene foam has a specific surface area from 200 to 3,000 m 2/g or a density from 0.1 to 1.5 SVG 14998475.10-24-2017.J₉₅PFHGSRXEAPX5.CLM.2.12.1834.1148.1959.1205.svg 0.19 0.417 Chemistry Black and white Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said non-carbon elements include an element selected from oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, nitrogen, hydrogen, or boron. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said multiple pores contain a redox pair partner selected from an intrinsically conductive polymer, a transition metal oxide, and/or an organic molecule, wherein said redox pair partner is in physical or electronic contact with said graphene material, forming a redox pair therewith. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, which is in a continuous-length roll sheet form having a thickness from 10 nm to 10 mm and a length of at least 2 meters and is produced by a roll-to-roll process. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said solid graphene foam has an oxygen content or non-carbon content less than 1 % by weight, and said pore walls have an intergraphene spacing less than 0.35 nm, a thermal conductivity from 250 W/mK to 500 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 2,500 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. 12. The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said graphene foam has an oxygen content or non-carbon content less than 0.0 1 % by weight and said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.34 nm, a thermal conductivity fr om 300 W/mK to 500 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 3,000 S/cm to 4,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said graphene foam has an oxygen content or non-carbon content no greater than 0.1% by weight and said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.7, a thermal conductivity fr om 350 W/mK to 500 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 3,500 S/cm to 4,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said graphene foam has pore walls containing stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.4, and/or a thermal conductivity from 400 W/mK to 500 W/mK per unit of specific gravit. Currently amended
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein the pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.337 nm and a mosaic spread value less than 1.0. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein the solid graphene foam exhibits a degree of graphitization no less than 80% and/or a mosaic spread value less than 0.4. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain a 3D network of interconnected graphene planes. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said solid graphene foam contains pores having a pore size from 0.5 nm to 100 nm, measured in a dried state without said electrolyte. 19. The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said liquid electrolyte contains an aqueous electrolyte, organic electrolyte, ionic liquid electrolyte, or a mixture of an organic and an ionic liquid electrolyte. Original
A supercapacitor comprising an anode, a porous separator-electrolyte layer or electrolyte-permeable membrane, and a cathode, wherein either or both of said anode and said cathode contains the electrode of claim 1. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 20, which is a lithium-ion capacitor or sodium-ion capacitor having a cathode containing the electrode of claim 1 and an anode containing a pre- lithiated anode active material or a pre-sodiated anode active material. Original
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
supercapacitor electrode (solid graphene foam)
supercapacitor cell
Materials described outside the worked examples.
pristine graphene
non-pristine graphene
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG.4 (C) electrical conductivity data for the GO suspension-derived foam produced by the presently invented process and the hydrother m ally reduced GO …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
solid graphene foam physical density (claim range) | 0.01–1.7 g/cm3 | pristine graphene |
solid graphene foam specific surface area (claim range) | 50–3300 m2/g |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,966,199Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 (A) A flow chart illustrating various prior art processes of producing exfoliated graphite products (flexible graphite foils and expanded graphite flakes), …
FIG.2 Schematic of a conventional supercapacitor cell.
FIG.3 A possible mechanism of chemical linking between graphene oxide sheets that 10 effectively increases the graphene sheet lateral dimensions.
FIG.4 (C) electrical conductivity data for the GO suspension-derived foam produced by the presently invented process and the hydrother m ally reduced GO …
FIG.5(A) Thermal conductivity values (vs. specific gravity values up to 1.02 SVG 14998475.01-11-2016.IK₁FGAJ₂RXEAPX1.SPEC.20.18.1861.1860.1992.1918.svg 0.193 …
FIG.6 Thermal conductivity values of graphene foam samples derived from GO and GF 25 (graphene fluoride) as a function of the specific gravity.
FIG.7 Thermal conductivity values of graphene foam samples derived from GO and pristine graphene as a function of the final (maximum) heat treatment temperature.
FIG.8(A) Inter-graphene plane spacing in graphene foam walls as measured by X-ray diffraction;
FIG.9 The electrode specific capacitance values of two series of supercapacitors (conventional and presently invented) plotted as a function of the electrode …
FIG. 10 Ragone plots (gravimetric and volumetric power density vs. energy density) of symmetric supercapacitor (EDLC) cells containing isolated nitrogen-doped …
FIG. 11 Ragone plots of lithium ion capacitor (LIC) cells containing pristine graphene sheets as the electrode active material and lithium salt-P C/DEC organic …
FIG. 12 The cell-level gravimetric and volumetric energy densities plotted over the achievable electrode thickness range of the RGO-based EDLC supercapacitors …
FIG. 13 The cell-level gravimetric energy densities plotted over the achievable active material 20 proportion (active material weight/total cell weight) in a …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A supercapacitor electrode comprising a solid graphene foam impregnated with a liquid or gel electrolyte, wherein said solid graphene foam is composed of multiple pores and pore walls, wherein the pore walls contain a 3D network of interconnected g raphene planes that form electron-conducting pathways and wherein said pore walls contain a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements, or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001% to 5% by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, SVG 14998475.10-24-2017.J₉₅PFHGSRXEAPX5.CLM.1.17.1490.1662.1617.1719.svg 0.19 0.423 Chemistry Black and white SVG 14998475.10-24-2017.J₉₅PFHGSRXEAPX5.CLM.1.18.552.1749.656.1806.svg 0.19 0.347 Chemistry Black and white hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof, and said solid graphene foam, when measured in a dried state without said electrolyte, has a physical density from 0.01 to 1.7 a specific surface area from 50 to 3,300 a thermal conductivity from 200 W/mK to 500 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and an electrical conductivity from 2,000 S/cm to 4,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-plane spacing d 00 2 from 0.3354 nm to 0.40 nm as measured by X-ray diffraction. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain a pristine graphene and said solid graphene foam has a density from 0.1 to 1.7 g/cm 3 or an average pore size from 0.5 nm to 50 nm. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain a non- pristine graphene material selected from the group consisting of graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, doped graphene, and combinations thereof, and wherein said solid graphene foam contains a content of non-carbon elements in the range of 0.01% to 2.0% by weight. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said solid graphene foam further contains a carbon or graphite material selected from carbon nanotubes, carbon nano-fibers, carbon fiber segments, graphite fiber segments, activated carbon, carbon black particles, carbon wires, natural graphite particles, needle coke particles, meso-carbon micro-beads, particles of a natural or artificial graphite, expanded graphite flakes, or a combination thereof. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said solid graphene foam has a specific surface area from 200 to 3,000 m 2/g or a density from 0.1 to 1.5 SVG 14998475.10-24-2017.J₉₅PFHGSRXEAPX5.CLM.2.12.1834.1148.1959.1205.svg 0.19 0.417 Chemistry Black and white Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said non-carbon elements include an element selected from oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, nitrogen, hydrogen, or boron. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said multiple pores contain a redox pair partner selected from an intrinsically conductive polymer, a transition metal oxide, and/or an organic molecule, wherein said redox pair partner is in physical or electronic contact with said graphene material, forming a redox pair therewith. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, which is in a continuous-length roll sheet form having a thickness from 10 nm to 10 mm and a length of at least 2 meters and is produced by a roll-to-roll process. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said solid graphene foam has an oxygen content or non-carbon content less than 1 % by weight, and said pore walls have an intergraphene spacing less than 0.35 nm, a thermal conductivity from 250 W/mK to 500 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 2,500 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. 12. The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said graphene foam has an oxygen content or non-carbon content less than 0.0 1 % by weight and said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.34 nm, a thermal conductivity fr om 300 W/mK to 500 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 3,000 S/cm to 4,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said graphene foam has an oxygen content or non-carbon content no greater than 0.1% by weight and said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.7, a thermal conductivity fr om 350 W/mK to 500 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 3,500 S/cm to 4,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said graphene foam has pore walls containing stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.4, and/or a thermal conductivity from 400 W/mK to 500 W/mK per unit of specific gravit. Currently amended
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein the pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.337 nm and a mosaic spread value less than 1.0. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein the solid graphene foam exhibits a degree of graphitization no less than 80% and/or a mosaic spread value less than 0.4. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain a 3D network of interconnected graphene planes. Original
The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said solid graphene foam contains pores having a pore size from 0.5 nm to 100 nm, measured in a dried state without said electrolyte. 19. The supercapacitor electrode of claim 1, wherein said liquid electrolyte contains an aqueous electrolyte, organic electrolyte, ionic liquid electrolyte, or a mixture of an organic and an ionic liquid electrolyte. Original
A supercapacitor comprising an anode, a porous separator-electrolyte layer or electrolyte-permeable membrane, and a cathode, wherein either or both of said anode and said cathode contains the electrode of claim 1. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 20, which is a lithium-ion capacitor or sodium-ion capacitor having a cathode containing the electrode of claim 1 and an anode containing a pre- lithiated anode active material or a pre-sodiated anode active material. Original
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
supercapacitor electrode (solid graphene foam)
supercapacitor cell
Materials described outside the worked examples.
pristine graphene
non-pristine graphene
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG.4 (C) electrical conductivity data for the GO suspension-derived foam produced by the presently invented process and the hydrother m ally reduced GO …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
solid graphene foam physical density (claim range) | 0.01–1.7 g/cm3 | pristine graphene |
solid graphene foam specific surface area (claim range) | 50–3300 m2/g |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
liquid or gel electrolyte
carbon or graphite additive
intrinsically conductive polymer/transition metal oxide/organic molecule redox pair partner
ionic liquid electrolyte
FIG. 10 Ragone plots (gravimetric and volumetric power density vs. energy density) of symmetric supercapacitor (EDLC) cells containing isolated nitrogen-doped …
FIG. 12 The cell-level gravimetric and volumetric energy densities plotted over the achievable electrode thickness range of the RGO-based EDLC supercapacitors …
solid graphene foam thermal conductivity per specific gravity (claim range) | 200–500 W/mK per unit specific gravity | pristine graphene |
solid graphene foam electrical conductivity per specific gravity (claim range) | 2000–4000 S/cm per unit specific gravity | pristine graphene |
inter-plane spacing d002 of stacked graphene planes in pore walls (claim range, claim 2) | 0.3354–0.4 nm | pristine graphene |
Duration | 15–120 s | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Thickness | 10–10000000 nm | — |
Duration | 0.5–96 hours | — |
Duration | 0.2–1 hour | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 hours | — |
Duration | 48–72 hours | — |
— | 250–500 W | — |
Duration | 2–6 hours | — |
Thickness | 0.6–1.2 nm | — |
Duration | 1–4 hours | — |
Duration | 1–2 hours | — |
Duration | 0.5–2 hours | — |
Duration | 5–16 hours | — |
Duration | 1–8 hours | — |
Duration | 48–96 hours | — |
Duration | 10–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Duration | 1–10 hours | — |
Thickness | 2–50 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.4 nm | — |
— | ≥ 200 W | — |
— | ≥ 350 W | — |
— | ≥ 400 W | — |
Thickness | ≥ 20 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
Duration | ≥ 15 minutes | — |
Thickness | 0.5–50 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.5–100 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.35 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.34 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.336 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.337 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.337–0.4 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 500 nm | — |
— | ≥ 250 W | — |
— | ≥ 300 W | — |
Duration | ≥ 1 hour | — |
— | ≥ 150 W | — |
liquid or gel electrolyte
carbon or graphite additive
intrinsically conductive polymer/transition metal oxide/organic molecule redox pair partner
ionic liquid electrolyte
FIG. 10 Ragone plots (gravimetric and volumetric power density vs. energy density) of symmetric supercapacitor (EDLC) cells containing isolated nitrogen-doped …
FIG. 12 The cell-level gravimetric and volumetric energy densities plotted over the achievable electrode thickness range of the RGO-based EDLC supercapacitors …
solid graphene foam thermal conductivity per specific gravity (claim range) | 200–500 W/mK per unit specific gravity | pristine graphene |
solid graphene foam electrical conductivity per specific gravity (claim range) | 2000–4000 S/cm per unit specific gravity | pristine graphene |
inter-plane spacing d002 of stacked graphene planes in pore walls (claim range, claim 2) | 0.3354–0.4 nm | pristine graphene |
Duration | 15–120 s | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Thickness | 10–10000000 nm | — |
Duration | 0.5–96 hours | — |
Duration | 0.2–1 hour | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 hours | — |
Duration | 48–72 hours | — |
— | 250–500 W | — |
Duration | 2–6 hours | — |
Thickness | 0.6–1.2 nm | — |
Duration | 1–4 hours | — |
Duration | 1–2 hours | — |
Duration | 0.5–2 hours | — |
Duration | 5–16 hours | — |
Duration | 1–8 hours | — |
Duration | 48–96 hours | — |
Duration | 10–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Duration | 1–10 hours | — |
Thickness | 2–50 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.4 nm | — |
— | ≥ 200 W | — |
— | ≥ 350 W | — |
— | ≥ 400 W | — |
Thickness | ≥ 20 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
Duration | ≥ 15 minutes | — |
Thickness | 0.5–50 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.5–100 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.35 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.34 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.336 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.337 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.337–0.4 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 500 nm | — |
— | ≥ 250 W | — |
— | ≥ 300 W | — |
Duration | ≥ 1 hour | — |
— | ≥ 150 W | — |
liquid or gel electrolyte
carbon or graphite additive
intrinsically conductive polymer/transition metal oxide/organic molecule redox pair partner
ionic liquid electrolyte
FIG. 10 Ragone plots (gravimetric and volumetric power density vs. energy density) of symmetric supercapacitor (EDLC) cells containing isolated nitrogen-doped …
FIG. 12 The cell-level gravimetric and volumetric energy densities plotted over the achievable electrode thickness range of the RGO-based EDLC supercapacitors …
solid graphene foam thermal conductivity per specific gravity (claim range) | 200–500 W/mK per unit specific gravity | pristine graphene |
solid graphene foam electrical conductivity per specific gravity (claim range) | 2000–4000 S/cm per unit specific gravity | pristine graphene |
inter-plane spacing d002 of stacked graphene planes in pore walls (claim range, claim 2) | 0.3354–0.4 nm | pristine graphene |
Duration | 15–120 s | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Thickness | 10–10000000 nm | — |
Duration | 0.5–96 hours | — |
Duration | 0.2–1 hour | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 hours | — |
Duration | 48–72 hours | — |
— | 250–500 W | — |
Duration | 2–6 hours | — |
Thickness | 0.6–1.2 nm | — |
Duration | 1–4 hours | — |
Duration | 1–2 hours | — |
Duration | 0.5–2 hours | — |
Duration | 5–16 hours | — |
Duration | 1–8 hours | — |
Duration | 48–96 hours | — |
Duration | 10–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Duration | 1–10 hours | — |
Thickness | 2–50 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.4 nm | — |
— | ≥ 200 W | — |
— | ≥ 350 W | — |
— | ≥ 400 W | — |
Thickness | ≥ 20 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
Duration | ≥ 15 minutes | — |
Thickness | 0.5–50 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.5–100 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.35 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.34 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.336 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.337 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.337–0.4 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 500 nm | — |
— | ≥ 250 W | — |
— | ≥ 300 W | — |
Duration | ≥ 1 hour | — |
— | ≥ 150 W | — |
liquid or gel electrolyte
carbon or graphite additive
intrinsically conductive polymer/transition metal oxide/organic molecule redox pair partner
ionic liquid electrolyte
FIG. 10 Ragone plots (gravimetric and volumetric power density vs. energy density) of symmetric supercapacitor (EDLC) cells containing isolated nitrogen-doped …
FIG. 12 The cell-level gravimetric and volumetric energy densities plotted over the achievable electrode thickness range of the RGO-based EDLC supercapacitors …
solid graphene foam thermal conductivity per specific gravity (claim range) | 200–500 W/mK per unit specific gravity | pristine graphene |
solid graphene foam electrical conductivity per specific gravity (claim range) | 2000–4000 S/cm per unit specific gravity | pristine graphene |
inter-plane spacing d002 of stacked graphene planes in pore walls (claim range, claim 2) | 0.3354–0.4 nm | pristine graphene |
Duration | 15–120 s | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Thickness | 10–10000000 nm | — |
Duration | 0.5–96 hours | — |
Duration | 0.2–1 hour | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 hours | — |
Duration | 48–72 hours | — |
— | 250–500 W | — |
Duration | 2–6 hours | — |
Thickness | 0.6–1.2 nm | — |
Duration | 1–4 hours | — |
Duration | 1–2 hours | — |
Duration | 0.5–2 hours | — |
Duration | 5–16 hours | — |
Duration | 1–8 hours | — |
Duration | 48–96 hours | — |
Duration | 10–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Duration | 1–10 hours | — |
Thickness | 2–50 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.4 nm | — |
— | ≥ 200 W | — |
— | ≥ 350 W | — |
— | ≥ 400 W | — |
Thickness | ≥ 20 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
Duration | ≥ 15 minutes | — |
Thickness | 0.5–50 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.5–100 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.35 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.34 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.336 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.337 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.337–0.4 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 500 nm | — |
— | ≥ 250 W | — |
— | ≥ 300 W | — |
Duration | ≥ 1 hour | — |
— | ≥ 150 W | — |