Patent
US 11,437,625LITHIUM ION BATTERY ANODE CONTAINING SILICON NANOWIRES GROWN IN SITU IN PORES OF GRAPHENE FOAM AND PRODUCTION PROCESS
Yu-Sheng Su, Jun Yin, Aruna Zhamu, Bor Z. Jang
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 11,437,625Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1(A) schematic illustrating the notion that, in a prior art anode, expansion of Si particles, upon lithium intercalation, can lead to pulverization of Si …
FIG. 2 A flow chart illustrating various prior art processes of producing exfoliated graphite products (flexible graphite foils and expanded graphite flakes), …
FIG. 3(B) schematic of another lithium-ion battery; the anode layer being composed of particles of an anode active material, a conductive additive (not shown) …
FIG. 4 A possible mechanism of chemical linking between graphene oxide sheets, which mechanism effectively increases the graphene sheet lateral dimensions, …
FIG. 5(C) Electrical conductivity data for the GO suspension-derived foam produced by the presently invented process and the hydrothermally reduced GO graphene …
FIG. 6(B) Thermal conductivity values of the GO suspension-derived foam, sacrificial plastic bead-templated GO foam, and hydrothermally reduced GO graphene foam …
FIG. 7 Thermal conductivity values of graphene foam samples derived from GO and GF (graphene fluoride) as a function of the specific gravity.
FIG. 8 Thermal conductivity values of graphene foam samples derived from GO and pristine graphene as a function of the final (maximum) heat treatment …
FIG. 9(A) Inter-graphene plane spacing in graphene foam walls as measured by X-ray diffraction;
FIG. 10(B) SEM image showing Si nanowires emanated from graphene surfaces; these Si nanowires being much smaller in diameter as compared to those directly …
FIG. 11 Cycling test results of three lithium-ion cells: first cell containing original Si particles embedded in pores of graphene foam (no Si nanowires) as the …
FIG. 12 Ragone plots (power density vs. energy density) of three lithium-ion cells: first cell containing an anode layer of graphene foam containing original Si …
FIG. 13 Cycling test results of four lithium-ion cells: first cell containing original Si particles and graphene sheets simply mixed together (no Si nanowires) …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
1-5. Canceled
Canceled
An anode for a lithium battery comprising a graphene foam structure composed of multiple pores and pore walls and Si nanowires residing in said pores, wherein said Si nanowires are formed in situ inside said pores, wherein said pore walls comprise a 3D network of interconnected graphene planes or stacked graphene planes having an inter- plane spacing d 00 2 from 0.3354 nm to 0.40 nm as measured by X-ray diffraction and wherein said Si nanowires have a diameter from 2 nm to 100 nm and a length-to-diameter aspect ratio of at least 5 and said Si nanowires are in an amount from 0.5% to 99% by weight based on the total weight of said graphene foam and said Si nanowires combined, wherein at least some of said Si nanowires are chemically bonded to said pore walls at one of two ends of each said Si nanowire. Previously presented
The anode of claim 6, wherein said pore walls comprise a pristine graphene material and said graphene foam structure has a density from 0.5 to 1.7 g/cm 3 or said pores have a pore size from 2 nm to 100 nm. Withdrawn
The anode of claim 6, wherein said pore walls comprise a non-pristine graphene material. Original
The anode of claim 6, wherein said graphene foam structure, when measured alone without Si, has a specific surface area from 200 to 2,000 m 2/g or a density from 0.1 to 1.5 g/cm 3. Original
The anode of claim 6, wherein said graphene foam structure, when measured alone without Si, has an oxygen content or non-carbon content less than 1% by weight, and said pore walls have an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.35 nm, a thermal conductivity from 250-450W/m K per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 2,500-4,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Original
The anode of claim 6, wherein said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.337 nm and a mosaic spread value less than 1.0. Original
The anode of claim 6, wherein said graphene foam structure exhibits a degree of graphitization no less than 80% and/or a mosaic spread value less than 0.4. Original
The anode of claim 6, wherein said pore walls contain a 3D network of interconnected graphene planes. Original
The anode of claim 6, wherein said graphene foam structure comprises two pore size ranges, one from 2 nm to 50 nm for cushioning volume expansion of Si nanowires and the other from 200 nm to 20 p m to accommodate Si nanowires. Original
A lithium battery comprising the anode as defined in claim 6, a cathode or positive electrode, and an electrolyte in ionic contact with said anode and said cathode. Original
Canceled
An anode for a lithium battery comprising a graphene foam structure composed of multiple pores and pore walls and Si nanowires residing in said pores, wherein said pore walls comprise a 3D network of interconnected graphene planes or stacked graphene planes having an inter-plane spacing d o 0 2 from 0.3354 nm to 0.40 nm as measured by X-ray diffraction and wherein said Si nanowires have a diameter from 2 nm to 100 nm and a length-to-diameter aspect ratio of at least 5 and said Si nanowires are in an amount from 0.5% to 99% by weight based on the total weight of said graphene foam and said Si nanowires combined, wherein said anode further comprises a catalyst metal selected from the group consisting of Cu, Mn, Fe, Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, and combinations thereof, which is attached to said Si nanowires. Previously presented
The anode of claim 18, wherein said pore walls comprise a non-pristine graphene material. New
The anode of claim 18, wherein said non-pristine graphene material contains a content of non-carbon elements from 0.01% to 2.0% by weight. New
The anode of claim 18, wherein said graphene foam structure, when measured alone without Si, has a specific surface area from 200 to 2,000 m 2/g or a density from 0.1 to 1.5 g/cm 3. New
The anode of claim 18, wherein said graphene foam structure, when measured alone without Si, has an oxygen content or non-carbon content less than 1% by weight, and said pore walls have an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.35 nm, a thermal conductivity from 250-450W/m K per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 2,500-4,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. New
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
lithium battery anode
lithium battery
Materials described outside the worked examples.
Si nanowires
Si
graphene foam
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 5(C) Electrical conductivity data for the GO suspension-derived foam produced by the presently invented process and the hydrothermally reduced GO graphene …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
inter-plane spacing d002 of graphene foam pore walls | 0.3354–0.4 | graphene foam |
inter-graphene spacing of pore walls (claim 13/26 upper limit) | ≤ 0.35 |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 11,437,625Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1(A) schematic illustrating the notion that, in a prior art anode, expansion of Si particles, upon lithium intercalation, can lead to pulverization of Si …
FIG. 2 A flow chart illustrating various prior art processes of producing exfoliated graphite products (flexible graphite foils and expanded graphite flakes), …
FIG. 3(B) schematic of another lithium-ion battery; the anode layer being composed of particles of an anode active material, a conductive additive (not shown) …
FIG. 4 A possible mechanism of chemical linking between graphene oxide sheets, which mechanism effectively increases the graphene sheet lateral dimensions, …
FIG. 5(C) Electrical conductivity data for the GO suspension-derived foam produced by the presently invented process and the hydrothermally reduced GO graphene …
FIG. 6(B) Thermal conductivity values of the GO suspension-derived foam, sacrificial plastic bead-templated GO foam, and hydrothermally reduced GO graphene foam …
FIG. 7 Thermal conductivity values of graphene foam samples derived from GO and GF (graphene fluoride) as a function of the specific gravity.
FIG. 8 Thermal conductivity values of graphene foam samples derived from GO and pristine graphene as a function of the final (maximum) heat treatment …
FIG. 9(A) Inter-graphene plane spacing in graphene foam walls as measured by X-ray diffraction;
FIG. 10(B) SEM image showing Si nanowires emanated from graphene surfaces; these Si nanowires being much smaller in diameter as compared to those directly …
FIG. 11 Cycling test results of three lithium-ion cells: first cell containing original Si particles embedded in pores of graphene foam (no Si nanowires) as the …
FIG. 12 Ragone plots (power density vs. energy density) of three lithium-ion cells: first cell containing an anode layer of graphene foam containing original Si …
FIG. 13 Cycling test results of four lithium-ion cells: first cell containing original Si particles and graphene sheets simply mixed together (no Si nanowires) …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
1-5. Canceled
Canceled
An anode for a lithium battery comprising a graphene foam structure composed of multiple pores and pore walls and Si nanowires residing in said pores, wherein said Si nanowires are formed in situ inside said pores, wherein said pore walls comprise a 3D network of interconnected graphene planes or stacked graphene planes having an inter- plane spacing d 00 2 from 0.3354 nm to 0.40 nm as measured by X-ray diffraction and wherein said Si nanowires have a diameter from 2 nm to 100 nm and a length-to-diameter aspect ratio of at least 5 and said Si nanowires are in an amount from 0.5% to 99% by weight based on the total weight of said graphene foam and said Si nanowires combined, wherein at least some of said Si nanowires are chemically bonded to said pore walls at one of two ends of each said Si nanowire. Previously presented
The anode of claim 6, wherein said pore walls comprise a pristine graphene material and said graphene foam structure has a density from 0.5 to 1.7 g/cm 3 or said pores have a pore size from 2 nm to 100 nm. Withdrawn
The anode of claim 6, wherein said pore walls comprise a non-pristine graphene material. Original
The anode of claim 6, wherein said graphene foam structure, when measured alone without Si, has a specific surface area from 200 to 2,000 m 2/g or a density from 0.1 to 1.5 g/cm 3. Original
The anode of claim 6, wherein said graphene foam structure, when measured alone without Si, has an oxygen content or non-carbon content less than 1% by weight, and said pore walls have an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.35 nm, a thermal conductivity from 250-450W/m K per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 2,500-4,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Original
The anode of claim 6, wherein said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.337 nm and a mosaic spread value less than 1.0. Original
The anode of claim 6, wherein said graphene foam structure exhibits a degree of graphitization no less than 80% and/or a mosaic spread value less than 0.4. Original
The anode of claim 6, wherein said pore walls contain a 3D network of interconnected graphene planes. Original
The anode of claim 6, wherein said graphene foam structure comprises two pore size ranges, one from 2 nm to 50 nm for cushioning volume expansion of Si nanowires and the other from 200 nm to 20 p m to accommodate Si nanowires. Original
A lithium battery comprising the anode as defined in claim 6, a cathode or positive electrode, and an electrolyte in ionic contact with said anode and said cathode. Original
Canceled
An anode for a lithium battery comprising a graphene foam structure composed of multiple pores and pore walls and Si nanowires residing in said pores, wherein said pore walls comprise a 3D network of interconnected graphene planes or stacked graphene planes having an inter-plane spacing d o 0 2 from 0.3354 nm to 0.40 nm as measured by X-ray diffraction and wherein said Si nanowires have a diameter from 2 nm to 100 nm and a length-to-diameter aspect ratio of at least 5 and said Si nanowires are in an amount from 0.5% to 99% by weight based on the total weight of said graphene foam and said Si nanowires combined, wherein said anode further comprises a catalyst metal selected from the group consisting of Cu, Mn, Fe, Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, and combinations thereof, which is attached to said Si nanowires. Previously presented
The anode of claim 18, wherein said pore walls comprise a non-pristine graphene material. New
The anode of claim 18, wherein said non-pristine graphene material contains a content of non-carbon elements from 0.01% to 2.0% by weight. New
The anode of claim 18, wherein said graphene foam structure, when measured alone without Si, has a specific surface area from 200 to 2,000 m 2/g or a density from 0.1 to 1.5 g/cm 3. New
The anode of claim 18, wherein said graphene foam structure, when measured alone without Si, has an oxygen content or non-carbon content less than 1% by weight, and said pore walls have an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.35 nm, a thermal conductivity from 250-450W/m K per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 2,500-4,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. New
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
lithium battery anode
lithium battery
Materials described outside the worked examples.
Si nanowires
Si
graphene foam
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 5(C) Electrical conductivity data for the GO suspension-derived foam produced by the presently invented process and the hydrothermally reduced GO graphene …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
inter-plane spacing d002 of graphene foam pore walls | 0.3354–0.4 | graphene foam |
inter-graphene spacing of pore walls (claim 13/26 upper limit) | ≤ 0.35 |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 11,437,625Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1(A) schematic illustrating the notion that, in a prior art anode, expansion of Si particles, upon lithium intercalation, can lead to pulverization of Si …
FIG. 2 A flow chart illustrating various prior art processes of producing exfoliated graphite products (flexible graphite foils and expanded graphite flakes), …
FIG. 3(B) schematic of another lithium-ion battery; the anode layer being composed of particles of an anode active material, a conductive additive (not shown) …
FIG. 4 A possible mechanism of chemical linking between graphene oxide sheets, which mechanism effectively increases the graphene sheet lateral dimensions, …
FIG. 5(C) Electrical conductivity data for the GO suspension-derived foam produced by the presently invented process and the hydrothermally reduced GO graphene …
FIG. 6(B) Thermal conductivity values of the GO suspension-derived foam, sacrificial plastic bead-templated GO foam, and hydrothermally reduced GO graphene foam …
FIG. 7 Thermal conductivity values of graphene foam samples derived from GO and GF (graphene fluoride) as a function of the specific gravity.
FIG. 8 Thermal conductivity values of graphene foam samples derived from GO and pristine graphene as a function of the final (maximum) heat treatment …
FIG. 9(A) Inter-graphene plane spacing in graphene foam walls as measured by X-ray diffraction;
FIG. 10(B) SEM image showing Si nanowires emanated from graphene surfaces; these Si nanowires being much smaller in diameter as compared to those directly …
FIG. 11 Cycling test results of three lithium-ion cells: first cell containing original Si particles embedded in pores of graphene foam (no Si nanowires) as the …
FIG. 12 Ragone plots (power density vs. energy density) of three lithium-ion cells: first cell containing an anode layer of graphene foam containing original Si …
FIG. 13 Cycling test results of four lithium-ion cells: first cell containing original Si particles and graphene sheets simply mixed together (no Si nanowires) …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
1-5. Canceled
Canceled
An anode for a lithium battery comprising a graphene foam structure composed of multiple pores and pore walls and Si nanowires residing in said pores, wherein said Si nanowires are formed in situ inside said pores, wherein said pore walls comprise a 3D network of interconnected graphene planes or stacked graphene planes having an inter- plane spacing d 00 2 from 0.3354 nm to 0.40 nm as measured by X-ray diffraction and wherein said Si nanowires have a diameter from 2 nm to 100 nm and a length-to-diameter aspect ratio of at least 5 and said Si nanowires are in an amount from 0.5% to 99% by weight based on the total weight of said graphene foam and said Si nanowires combined, wherein at least some of said Si nanowires are chemically bonded to said pore walls at one of two ends of each said Si nanowire. Previously presented
The anode of claim 6, wherein said pore walls comprise a pristine graphene material and said graphene foam structure has a density from 0.5 to 1.7 g/cm 3 or said pores have a pore size from 2 nm to 100 nm. Withdrawn
The anode of claim 6, wherein said pore walls comprise a non-pristine graphene material. Original
The anode of claim 6, wherein said graphene foam structure, when measured alone without Si, has a specific surface area from 200 to 2,000 m 2/g or a density from 0.1 to 1.5 g/cm 3. Original
The anode of claim 6, wherein said graphene foam structure, when measured alone without Si, has an oxygen content or non-carbon content less than 1% by weight, and said pore walls have an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.35 nm, a thermal conductivity from 250-450W/m K per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 2,500-4,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Original
The anode of claim 6, wherein said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.337 nm and a mosaic spread value less than 1.0. Original
The anode of claim 6, wherein said graphene foam structure exhibits a degree of graphitization no less than 80% and/or a mosaic spread value less than 0.4. Original
The anode of claim 6, wherein said pore walls contain a 3D network of interconnected graphene planes. Original
The anode of claim 6, wherein said graphene foam structure comprises two pore size ranges, one from 2 nm to 50 nm for cushioning volume expansion of Si nanowires and the other from 200 nm to 20 p m to accommodate Si nanowires. Original
A lithium battery comprising the anode as defined in claim 6, a cathode or positive electrode, and an electrolyte in ionic contact with said anode and said cathode. Original
Canceled
An anode for a lithium battery comprising a graphene foam structure composed of multiple pores and pore walls and Si nanowires residing in said pores, wherein said pore walls comprise a 3D network of interconnected graphene planes or stacked graphene planes having an inter-plane spacing d o 0 2 from 0.3354 nm to 0.40 nm as measured by X-ray diffraction and wherein said Si nanowires have a diameter from 2 nm to 100 nm and a length-to-diameter aspect ratio of at least 5 and said Si nanowires are in an amount from 0.5% to 99% by weight based on the total weight of said graphene foam and said Si nanowires combined, wherein said anode further comprises a catalyst metal selected from the group consisting of Cu, Mn, Fe, Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, and combinations thereof, which is attached to said Si nanowires. Previously presented
The anode of claim 18, wherein said pore walls comprise a non-pristine graphene material. New
The anode of claim 18, wherein said non-pristine graphene material contains a content of non-carbon elements from 0.01% to 2.0% by weight. New
The anode of claim 18, wherein said graphene foam structure, when measured alone without Si, has a specific surface area from 200 to 2,000 m 2/g or a density from 0.1 to 1.5 g/cm 3. New
The anode of claim 18, wherein said graphene foam structure, when measured alone without Si, has an oxygen content or non-carbon content less than 1% by weight, and said pore walls have an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.35 nm, a thermal conductivity from 250-450W/m K per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 2,500-4,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. New
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
lithium battery anode
lithium battery
Materials described outside the worked examples.
Si nanowires
Si
graphene foam
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 5(C) Electrical conductivity data for the GO suspension-derived foam produced by the presently invented process and the hydrothermally reduced GO graphene …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
inter-plane spacing d002 of graphene foam pore walls | 0.3354–0.4 | graphene foam |
inter-graphene spacing of pore walls (claim 13/26 upper limit) | ≤ 0.35 |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 11,437,625Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1(A) schematic illustrating the notion that, in a prior art anode, expansion of Si particles, upon lithium intercalation, can lead to pulverization of Si …
FIG. 2 A flow chart illustrating various prior art processes of producing exfoliated graphite products (flexible graphite foils and expanded graphite flakes), …
FIG. 3(B) schematic of another lithium-ion battery; the anode layer being composed of particles of an anode active material, a conductive additive (not shown) …
FIG. 4 A possible mechanism of chemical linking between graphene oxide sheets, which mechanism effectively increases the graphene sheet lateral dimensions, …
FIG. 5(C) Electrical conductivity data for the GO suspension-derived foam produced by the presently invented process and the hydrothermally reduced GO graphene …
FIG. 6(B) Thermal conductivity values of the GO suspension-derived foam, sacrificial plastic bead-templated GO foam, and hydrothermally reduced GO graphene foam …
FIG. 7 Thermal conductivity values of graphene foam samples derived from GO and GF (graphene fluoride) as a function of the specific gravity.
FIG. 8 Thermal conductivity values of graphene foam samples derived from GO and pristine graphene as a function of the final (maximum) heat treatment …
FIG. 9(A) Inter-graphene plane spacing in graphene foam walls as measured by X-ray diffraction;
FIG. 10(B) SEM image showing Si nanowires emanated from graphene surfaces; these Si nanowires being much smaller in diameter as compared to those directly …
FIG. 11 Cycling test results of three lithium-ion cells: first cell containing original Si particles embedded in pores of graphene foam (no Si nanowires) as the …
FIG. 12 Ragone plots (power density vs. energy density) of three lithium-ion cells: first cell containing an anode layer of graphene foam containing original Si …
FIG. 13 Cycling test results of four lithium-ion cells: first cell containing original Si particles and graphene sheets simply mixed together (no Si nanowires) …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
1-5. Canceled
Canceled
An anode for a lithium battery comprising a graphene foam structure composed of multiple pores and pore walls and Si nanowires residing in said pores, wherein said Si nanowires are formed in situ inside said pores, wherein said pore walls comprise a 3D network of interconnected graphene planes or stacked graphene planes having an inter- plane spacing d 00 2 from 0.3354 nm to 0.40 nm as measured by X-ray diffraction and wherein said Si nanowires have a diameter from 2 nm to 100 nm and a length-to-diameter aspect ratio of at least 5 and said Si nanowires are in an amount from 0.5% to 99% by weight based on the total weight of said graphene foam and said Si nanowires combined, wherein at least some of said Si nanowires are chemically bonded to said pore walls at one of two ends of each said Si nanowire. Previously presented
The anode of claim 6, wherein said pore walls comprise a pristine graphene material and said graphene foam structure has a density from 0.5 to 1.7 g/cm 3 or said pores have a pore size from 2 nm to 100 nm. Withdrawn
The anode of claim 6, wherein said pore walls comprise a non-pristine graphene material. Original
The anode of claim 6, wherein said graphene foam structure, when measured alone without Si, has a specific surface area from 200 to 2,000 m 2/g or a density from 0.1 to 1.5 g/cm 3. Original
The anode of claim 6, wherein said graphene foam structure, when measured alone without Si, has an oxygen content or non-carbon content less than 1% by weight, and said pore walls have an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.35 nm, a thermal conductivity from 250-450W/m K per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 2,500-4,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Original
The anode of claim 6, wherein said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.337 nm and a mosaic spread value less than 1.0. Original
The anode of claim 6, wherein said graphene foam structure exhibits a degree of graphitization no less than 80% and/or a mosaic spread value less than 0.4. Original
The anode of claim 6, wherein said pore walls contain a 3D network of interconnected graphene planes. Original
The anode of claim 6, wherein said graphene foam structure comprises two pore size ranges, one from 2 nm to 50 nm for cushioning volume expansion of Si nanowires and the other from 200 nm to 20 p m to accommodate Si nanowires. Original
A lithium battery comprising the anode as defined in claim 6, a cathode or positive electrode, and an electrolyte in ionic contact with said anode and said cathode. Original
Canceled
An anode for a lithium battery comprising a graphene foam structure composed of multiple pores and pore walls and Si nanowires residing in said pores, wherein said pore walls comprise a 3D network of interconnected graphene planes or stacked graphene planes having an inter-plane spacing d o 0 2 from 0.3354 nm to 0.40 nm as measured by X-ray diffraction and wherein said Si nanowires have a diameter from 2 nm to 100 nm and a length-to-diameter aspect ratio of at least 5 and said Si nanowires are in an amount from 0.5% to 99% by weight based on the total weight of said graphene foam and said Si nanowires combined, wherein said anode further comprises a catalyst metal selected from the group consisting of Cu, Mn, Fe, Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, and combinations thereof, which is attached to said Si nanowires. Previously presented
The anode of claim 18, wherein said pore walls comprise a non-pristine graphene material. New
The anode of claim 18, wherein said non-pristine graphene material contains a content of non-carbon elements from 0.01% to 2.0% by weight. New
The anode of claim 18, wherein said graphene foam structure, when measured alone without Si, has a specific surface area from 200 to 2,000 m 2/g or a density from 0.1 to 1.5 g/cm 3. New
The anode of claim 18, wherein said graphene foam structure, when measured alone without Si, has an oxygen content or non-carbon content less than 1% by weight, and said pore walls have an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.35 nm, a thermal conductivity from 250-450W/m K per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 2,500-4,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. New
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
lithium battery anode
lithium battery
Materials described outside the worked examples.
Si nanowires
Si
graphene foam
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 5(C) Electrical conductivity data for the GO suspension-derived foam produced by the presently invented process and the hydrothermally reduced GO graphene …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
inter-plane spacing d002 of graphene foam pore walls | 0.3354–0.4 | graphene foam |
inter-graphene spacing of pore walls (claim 13/26 upper limit) | ≤ 0.35 |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
pristine graphene
non-pristine graphene
catalyst metal
catalyst metal-coated Si particles
FIG. 10(B) SEM image showing Si nanowires emanated from graphene surfaces; these Si nanowires being much smaller in diameter as compared to those directly …
FIG. 12 Ragone plots (power density vs. energy density) of three lithium-ion cells: first cell containing an anode layer of graphene foam containing original Si …
inter-graphene spacing of stacked graphene planes in pore walls (claim 14) | ≤ 0.337 | graphene foam |
Temperature | 1500–2500 °C | — |
Temperature | 300–1500 °C | — |
Temperature | 300–2500 °C | — |
Temperature | 400–1500 °C | — |
Temperature | 500–1200 °C | — |
Temperature | 700–1000 °C | — |
Temperature | 0–2500 °C | — |
Temperature | 80–300 °C | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Temperature | 100–500 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–1500 °C | — |
Duration | 0.5–96 hours | — |
Temperature | 150–300 °C | — |
Duration | 0.2–1 hour | — |
Temperature | 130–230 °C | — |
Duration | 48–72 hours | — |
— | 250–500 W | — |
Thickness | 2–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–10 nm | — |
Temperature | 200–400 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–250 °C | — |
Temperature | 80–1500 °C | — |
Thickness | 0.6–1.2 nm | — |
Duration | 1–4 hours | — |
Duration | 1–2 hours | — |
Duration | 0.5–2 hours | — |
Duration | 5–16 hours | — |
Temperature | 800–1200 °C | — |
Duration | 48–96 hours | — |
Duration | 10–100 minutes | — |
Temperature | 80–500 °C | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Temperature | 750–950 °C | — |
Temperature | 700–2500 °C | — |
Duration | 1–10 hours | — |
Temperature | 750–1500 °C | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 hours | — |
Thickness | 2–50 nm | — |
Temperature | 200–350 °C | — |
Temperature | 3000–3250 °C | — |
Thickness | 60–90 nm | — |
Thickness | 5–20 nm | — |
— | 300–500 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 20 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 50 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Temperature | ≤ 2500 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.344 nm | — |
Pressure | ≤ 1 torr | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.4 nm | — |
— | ≥ 1 W | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2100 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2500 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 80 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 1 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 300 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 500 °C | — |
— | ≥ 350 W | — |
Temperature | ≥ 1500 °C | — |
Duration | ≥ 15 minutes | — |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.4 nm | — |
— | 250–450 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.35 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.337 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.5–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–100 nm | — |
Temperature | 300–2000 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–2500 °C | — |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.36 nm | — |
Thickness | 20–500 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.337–0.4 nm | — |
Temperature | 0–1500 °C | — |
Thickness | 1–200 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–40 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–30 nm | — |
Temperature | 1500–2100 °C | — |
Temperature | 2100–3200 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 30 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.34 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.336 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 40 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 500 nm | — |
— | ≥ 250 W | — |
— | ≥ 300 W | — |
— | ≥ 400 W | — |
Duration | ≥ 1 hour | — |
— | ≥ 150 W | — |
— | ≥ 200 W | — |
pristine graphene
non-pristine graphene
catalyst metal
catalyst metal-coated Si particles
FIG. 10(B) SEM image showing Si nanowires emanated from graphene surfaces; these Si nanowires being much smaller in diameter as compared to those directly …
FIG. 12 Ragone plots (power density vs. energy density) of three lithium-ion cells: first cell containing an anode layer of graphene foam containing original Si …
inter-graphene spacing of stacked graphene planes in pore walls (claim 14) | ≤ 0.337 | graphene foam |
Temperature | 1500–2500 °C | — |
Temperature | 300–1500 °C | — |
Temperature | 300–2500 °C | — |
Temperature | 400–1500 °C | — |
Temperature | 500–1200 °C | — |
Temperature | 700–1000 °C | — |
Temperature | 0–2500 °C | — |
Temperature | 80–300 °C | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Temperature | 100–500 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–1500 °C | — |
Duration | 0.5–96 hours | — |
Temperature | 150–300 °C | — |
Duration | 0.2–1 hour | — |
Temperature | 130–230 °C | — |
Duration | 48–72 hours | — |
— | 250–500 W | — |
Thickness | 2–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–10 nm | — |
Temperature | 200–400 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–250 °C | — |
Temperature | 80–1500 °C | — |
Thickness | 0.6–1.2 nm | — |
Duration | 1–4 hours | — |
Duration | 1–2 hours | — |
Duration | 0.5–2 hours | — |
Duration | 5–16 hours | — |
Temperature | 800–1200 °C | — |
Duration | 48–96 hours | — |
Duration | 10–100 minutes | — |
Temperature | 80–500 °C | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Temperature | 750–950 °C | — |
Temperature | 700–2500 °C | — |
Duration | 1–10 hours | — |
Temperature | 750–1500 °C | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 hours | — |
Thickness | 2–50 nm | — |
Temperature | 200–350 °C | — |
Temperature | 3000–3250 °C | — |
Thickness | 60–90 nm | — |
Thickness | 5–20 nm | — |
— | 300–500 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 20 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 50 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Temperature | ≤ 2500 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.344 nm | — |
Pressure | ≤ 1 torr | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.4 nm | — |
— | ≥ 1 W | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2100 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2500 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 80 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 1 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 300 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 500 °C | — |
— | ≥ 350 W | — |
Temperature | ≥ 1500 °C | — |
Duration | ≥ 15 minutes | — |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.4 nm | — |
— | 250–450 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.35 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.337 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.5–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–100 nm | — |
Temperature | 300–2000 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–2500 °C | — |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.36 nm | — |
Thickness | 20–500 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.337–0.4 nm | — |
Temperature | 0–1500 °C | — |
Thickness | 1–200 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–40 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–30 nm | — |
Temperature | 1500–2100 °C | — |
Temperature | 2100–3200 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 30 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.34 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.336 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 40 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 500 nm | — |
— | ≥ 250 W | — |
— | ≥ 300 W | — |
— | ≥ 400 W | — |
Duration | ≥ 1 hour | — |
— | ≥ 150 W | — |
— | ≥ 200 W | — |
pristine graphene
non-pristine graphene
catalyst metal
catalyst metal-coated Si particles
FIG. 10(B) SEM image showing Si nanowires emanated from graphene surfaces; these Si nanowires being much smaller in diameter as compared to those directly …
FIG. 12 Ragone plots (power density vs. energy density) of three lithium-ion cells: first cell containing an anode layer of graphene foam containing original Si …
inter-graphene spacing of stacked graphene planes in pore walls (claim 14) | ≤ 0.337 | graphene foam |
Temperature | 1500–2500 °C | — |
Temperature | 300–1500 °C | — |
Temperature | 300–2500 °C | — |
Temperature | 400–1500 °C | — |
Temperature | 500–1200 °C | — |
Temperature | 700–1000 °C | — |
Temperature | 0–2500 °C | — |
Temperature | 80–300 °C | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Temperature | 100–500 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–1500 °C | — |
Duration | 0.5–96 hours | — |
Temperature | 150–300 °C | — |
Duration | 0.2–1 hour | — |
Temperature | 130–230 °C | — |
Duration | 48–72 hours | — |
— | 250–500 W | — |
Thickness | 2–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–10 nm | — |
Temperature | 200–400 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–250 °C | — |
Temperature | 80–1500 °C | — |
Thickness | 0.6–1.2 nm | — |
Duration | 1–4 hours | — |
Duration | 1–2 hours | — |
Duration | 0.5–2 hours | — |
Duration | 5–16 hours | — |
Temperature | 800–1200 °C | — |
Duration | 48–96 hours | — |
Duration | 10–100 minutes | — |
Temperature | 80–500 °C | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Temperature | 750–950 °C | — |
Temperature | 700–2500 °C | — |
Duration | 1–10 hours | — |
Temperature | 750–1500 °C | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 hours | — |
Thickness | 2–50 nm | — |
Temperature | 200–350 °C | — |
Temperature | 3000–3250 °C | — |
Thickness | 60–90 nm | — |
Thickness | 5–20 nm | — |
— | 300–500 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 20 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 50 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Temperature | ≤ 2500 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.344 nm | — |
Pressure | ≤ 1 torr | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.4 nm | — |
— | ≥ 1 W | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2100 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2500 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 80 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 1 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 300 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 500 °C | — |
— | ≥ 350 W | — |
Temperature | ≥ 1500 °C | — |
Duration | ≥ 15 minutes | — |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.4 nm | — |
— | 250–450 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.35 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.337 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.5–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–100 nm | — |
Temperature | 300–2000 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–2500 °C | — |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.36 nm | — |
Thickness | 20–500 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.337–0.4 nm | — |
Temperature | 0–1500 °C | — |
Thickness | 1–200 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–40 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–30 nm | — |
Temperature | 1500–2100 °C | — |
Temperature | 2100–3200 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 30 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.34 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.336 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 40 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 500 nm | — |
— | ≥ 250 W | — |
— | ≥ 300 W | — |
— | ≥ 400 W | — |
Duration | ≥ 1 hour | — |
— | ≥ 150 W | — |
— | ≥ 200 W | — |
pristine graphene
non-pristine graphene
catalyst metal
catalyst metal-coated Si particles
FIG. 10(B) SEM image showing Si nanowires emanated from graphene surfaces; these Si nanowires being much smaller in diameter as compared to those directly …
FIG. 12 Ragone plots (power density vs. energy density) of three lithium-ion cells: first cell containing an anode layer of graphene foam containing original Si …
inter-graphene spacing of stacked graphene planes in pore walls (claim 14) | ≤ 0.337 | graphene foam |
Temperature | 1500–2500 °C | — |
Temperature | 300–1500 °C | — |
Temperature | 300–2500 °C | — |
Temperature | 400–1500 °C | — |
Temperature | 500–1200 °C | — |
Temperature | 700–1000 °C | — |
Temperature | 0–2500 °C | — |
Temperature | 80–300 °C | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Temperature | 100–500 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–1500 °C | — |
Duration | 0.5–96 hours | — |
Temperature | 150–300 °C | — |
Duration | 0.2–1 hour | — |
Temperature | 130–230 °C | — |
Duration | 48–72 hours | — |
— | 250–500 W | — |
Thickness | 2–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–10 nm | — |
Temperature | 200–400 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–250 °C | — |
Temperature | 80–1500 °C | — |
Thickness | 0.6–1.2 nm | — |
Duration | 1–4 hours | — |
Duration | 1–2 hours | — |
Duration | 0.5–2 hours | — |
Duration | 5–16 hours | — |
Temperature | 800–1200 °C | — |
Duration | 48–96 hours | — |
Duration | 10–100 minutes | — |
Temperature | 80–500 °C | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Temperature | 750–950 °C | — |
Temperature | 700–2500 °C | — |
Duration | 1–10 hours | — |
Temperature | 750–1500 °C | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 hours | — |
Thickness | 2–50 nm | — |
Temperature | 200–350 °C | — |
Temperature | 3000–3250 °C | — |
Thickness | 60–90 nm | — |
Thickness | 5–20 nm | — |
— | 300–500 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 20 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 50 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Temperature | ≤ 2500 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.344 nm | — |
Pressure | ≤ 1 torr | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.4 nm | — |
— | ≥ 1 W | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2100 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2500 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 80 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 1 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 300 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 500 °C | — |
— | ≥ 350 W | — |
Temperature | ≥ 1500 °C | — |
Duration | ≥ 15 minutes | — |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.4 nm | — |
— | 250–450 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.35 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.337 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.5–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–100 nm | — |
Temperature | 300–2000 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–2500 °C | — |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.36 nm | — |
Thickness | 20–500 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.337–0.4 nm | — |
Temperature | 0–1500 °C | — |
Thickness | 1–200 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–40 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–30 nm | — |
Temperature | 1500–2100 °C | — |
Temperature | 2100–3200 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 30 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.34 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.336 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 40 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 500 nm | — |
— | ≥ 250 W | — |
— | ≥ 300 W | — |
— | ≥ 400 W | — |
Duration | ≥ 1 hour | — |
— | ≥ 150 W | — |
— | ≥ 200 W | — |