Patent
US 10,005,099Production of Highly Oriented Graphene Oxide Films and Graphitic Films Derived Therefrom
Yi-jun Lin, Shaio-yen Lee, Aruna Zhamu, Bor Z. Jang
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,005,099Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 0 Photos of highly oriented graphene oxide films prepared by slot-die coating (left image) and by reverse roll transfer procedure (right image), …
FIG.2 Schematic of another reverse roll-based GO layer transfer apparatus for producing highly oriented GO films.
FIG.3 Schematic of yet another reverse roll-based GO layer transfer apparatus for producing 10 highly oriented GO films.
FIG.4 Schematic of still another reverse roll-based GO layer transfer apparatus for producing highly oriented GO films.
FIG.5(B) Schematic drawing illustrating the processes for producing conventional paper, mat, film, and membrane of simply aggregated graphite or NGP …
FIG.6(B) An SEM i mage of a cross-section of a flexible graphite foil, showing many graphite flakes with orientations not parallel to the flexible graphite foil …
FIG.7(C) Schematic drawing and an attendant SEM image to illustrate the formation process of a HOGF that is composed of multiple graphene planes that are …
FIG.8(A)Thermal conductivity values of the GO gel-derived graphitic film (reverse roll transfer), 15 GO gel-derived graphitic film (slot-die coating), sheets of …
FIG.9 Thermal conductivity values of the GO dispersion-derived graphitic film (reverse roll transfer), GO dispersion-derived graphitic film (comma coating), …
FIG. 10). In contrast, reverse roll transfer works very well for a wide range of GO solid contents (e.g. from 0.05% to 25% by weight, more typically from 0.1% …
FIG. 11 (A) X-ray diffraction curves of a GO layer.
FIG.12 (D) The thermal conductivity of reverse roll-coated GO gel-derived graphitic films, slot die-coated GO gel-derived graphitic films, and flexible graphite …
FIG. 13 (B) Tensile modulus of the graphitic films from reverse roll-coated GO films, slot die- coated GO films, and RGO platelet paper. 15
FIG. 14 Thermal conductivity of various graphitic films prepared by drop-casting, comma coating, and reverse roll coating of GO layers treated with a final heat …
FIG. 15 Thermal conductivity of graphitic films prepared from comma-coated layers and reverse 20 roll-coated layers heat-treated with a final heat treatment …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A process for producing a highly oriented graphene oxide film, said process comprising: (a) preparing either a graphene oxide dispersion having graphene oxide sheets dispersed in a fluid medium or a graphene oxide gel having graphene oxide molecules dissolved in a fluid medium, wherein said graphene oxide sheets or graphene oxide molecules contain an oxygen content higher than 5 % by weight; (b) dispensing said graphene oxide dispersion or graphene oxide gel onto a gap between an applicator roller and a metering roller wherein a relative motion or rotation between said metering roller and said applicator roller generates an applicator layer of graphene oxide onto a surface of a n said application roller rotating in a first direction at a first line velocity, wherein said application roller transfers said applicator layer of graphene oxide to a surface of a supporting film driven in a second direction opposite to said first direction at a second line velocity, to form a wet layer of graphene oxide on said supporting film; and (c) at least partially removing said fluid medium from the wet layer of graphene oxide to form a dried layer of graphene oxide having all graphene oxide planes parallel to one another along the plane of the film and having an inter-planar spacing d 00 2 of 0.4 nm to 1.2 nm as determined by X-ray diffraction and an oxygen content no less than 5 % by weight; wherein said process further comprised a step of aging said wet or dried la y er of graphene oxide in an aging room at an aging temperature from 25 0 C to 55 0 C and humidity level from 20 % to 99 % for an aging time of 1 hour to 7 days to form an aged lay er of graphene oxide. Currently amended
The process of claim 1, wherein said supporting film is driven by a counter- rotating supporting roller disposed at a working distance from said application roller and rotating in said second direction opposite to said first direction. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said step of dispensing said graphene oxide dispersion or graphene oxide gel onto said surface of the application roller includes using a metering roller and/or a doctor's blade to provide a desired thickness of said applicator layer of graphene oxide on said application roller surface. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said process includes operating 2, 3, or 4 rollers. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said process includes a reverse roll transfer coating procedure. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said supporting film is fed from a feeder roller and said dried layer of graphene oxide supported by said supporting film is wound on a winding roller and said process is conducted in a roll-to-roll manner. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the velocity ratio, defined as (said second line velocity)/(said first line velocity), is from 1/5 to 5/1. Original
The process of claim 1, further comprising a step (4) of heat treating the dried layer of graphene oxide at a first heat treatment temperature higher than 55 ° C but no greater than 2,200 ° C for a desired length of time to produce a graphitic film having an inter-planar spacing d 00 2 less than 0.4 nm and an oxygen content less than 5 % by weight. Currently amended
The process of claim 1, wherein said fluid medium further contains pristine graphene sheets and a pristine graphene to graphene oxide ratio is from 1/100 to 100/1. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said fluid medium consists of water and/or an alcohol. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said graphene oxide sheets in said graphene oxide dispersion occupy a weight fraction of 0.1 % to 25 % based on the total weight of graphene oxide sheets and liquid medium combined. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said graphene oxide dispersion or graphene oxide gel has greater than 3 % by weight of graphene oxide dispersed in said fluid medium to form a liquid crystal phase. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said graphene oxide dispersion or graphene oxide gel is prepared by immersing a graphitic material in a powder or fibrous form in an oxidizing liquid in a reaction vessel at a reaction temperature for a length of time sufficient to obtain said graphene oxide dispersion or said graphene oxide gel wherein said graphitic material is selected from natural graphite, artificial graphite, mesophase carbon, mesophase pitch, mesocarbon micro-bead, soft carbon, hard carbon, coke, carbon fiber, carbon nanofiber, carbon nanotube, or a combination thereof. Previously presented
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
The process of claim 4410, wherein said treatment temperature contains a temperature in the range of 1,500 ° C- 2,200 ° C and the graphitic film has an oxygen content less than 0.01 %, an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.337 nm, a thermal conductivity from 1,300 W/mK to 1,745 W/mK, and/or an electrical conductivity from 5,000 S/cm to 12,000 S/cm. Currently amended
The process of claim 4410, wherein said first heat treatment temperature contains a temperature from 2,500 ° C to 2,800 0 C and the graphitic film has an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.4, a thermal conductivity from 1,600 W/mK to 1745 W/mK, and/or an electrical conductivity from 10,000 S/cm to 12,000 S/cm. Currently amended
The process of claim 4110, wherein said graphene oxide dispersion or graphene oxide gel is obtained from a graphitic material having multiple graphite crystallites exhibiting no preferred crystalline orientation as determined by an X-ray diffraction or electron diffraction method and wherein said graphitic film is a single crystal or a poly-crystal graphene structure having a preferred crystalline orientation as determined by said X-ray diffraction or electron diffraction method. Currently amended
The process of claim 4410, wherein said step of heat-treating induces chemical linking, merging, or chemical bonding of graphene oxide sheets or graphene oxide molecules in an edge-to-edge manner. Currently amended
The process of claim 44 13, wherein said graphitic film has an electrical conductivity greater than 12,000 S/cm, a thermal conductivity from 1,500 W/mK to 1,745 W/mK, a physical density greater than 2.1 g/cm3, a tensile strength greater than 120 MPa, and/or an elastic modulus greater than 120 GPa. Currently amended
Canceled
Canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene oxide
graphene oxide gel
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG.6(B) An SEM i mage of a cross-section of a flexible graphite foil, showing many graphite flakes with orientations not parallel to the flexible graphite foil …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
inter-planar spacing d002 of dried graphene oxide film | 0.4–1.2 nm | graphene oxide |
inter-planar spacing d002 of graphitic film (first heat treatment) | ≤ 0.4 nm |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,005,099Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 0 Photos of highly oriented graphene oxide films prepared by slot-die coating (left image) and by reverse roll transfer procedure (right image), …
FIG.2 Schematic of another reverse roll-based GO layer transfer apparatus for producing highly oriented GO films.
FIG.3 Schematic of yet another reverse roll-based GO layer transfer apparatus for producing 10 highly oriented GO films.
FIG.4 Schematic of still another reverse roll-based GO layer transfer apparatus for producing highly oriented GO films.
FIG.5(B) Schematic drawing illustrating the processes for producing conventional paper, mat, film, and membrane of simply aggregated graphite or NGP …
FIG.6(B) An SEM i mage of a cross-section of a flexible graphite foil, showing many graphite flakes with orientations not parallel to the flexible graphite foil …
FIG.7(C) Schematic drawing and an attendant SEM image to illustrate the formation process of a HOGF that is composed of multiple graphene planes that are …
FIG.8(A)Thermal conductivity values of the GO gel-derived graphitic film (reverse roll transfer), 15 GO gel-derived graphitic film (slot-die coating), sheets of …
FIG.9 Thermal conductivity values of the GO dispersion-derived graphitic film (reverse roll transfer), GO dispersion-derived graphitic film (comma coating), …
FIG. 10). In contrast, reverse roll transfer works very well for a wide range of GO solid contents (e.g. from 0.05% to 25% by weight, more typically from 0.1% …
FIG. 11 (A) X-ray diffraction curves of a GO layer.
FIG.12 (D) The thermal conductivity of reverse roll-coated GO gel-derived graphitic films, slot die-coated GO gel-derived graphitic films, and flexible graphite …
FIG. 13 (B) Tensile modulus of the graphitic films from reverse roll-coated GO films, slot die- coated GO films, and RGO platelet paper. 15
FIG. 14 Thermal conductivity of various graphitic films prepared by drop-casting, comma coating, and reverse roll coating of GO layers treated with a final heat …
FIG. 15 Thermal conductivity of graphitic films prepared from comma-coated layers and reverse 20 roll-coated layers heat-treated with a final heat treatment …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A process for producing a highly oriented graphene oxide film, said process comprising: (a) preparing either a graphene oxide dispersion having graphene oxide sheets dispersed in a fluid medium or a graphene oxide gel having graphene oxide molecules dissolved in a fluid medium, wherein said graphene oxide sheets or graphene oxide molecules contain an oxygen content higher than 5 % by weight; (b) dispensing said graphene oxide dispersion or graphene oxide gel onto a gap between an applicator roller and a metering roller wherein a relative motion or rotation between said metering roller and said applicator roller generates an applicator layer of graphene oxide onto a surface of a n said application roller rotating in a first direction at a first line velocity, wherein said application roller transfers said applicator layer of graphene oxide to a surface of a supporting film driven in a second direction opposite to said first direction at a second line velocity, to form a wet layer of graphene oxide on said supporting film; and (c) at least partially removing said fluid medium from the wet layer of graphene oxide to form a dried layer of graphene oxide having all graphene oxide planes parallel to one another along the plane of the film and having an inter-planar spacing d 00 2 of 0.4 nm to 1.2 nm as determined by X-ray diffraction and an oxygen content no less than 5 % by weight; wherein said process further comprised a step of aging said wet or dried la y er of graphene oxide in an aging room at an aging temperature from 25 0 C to 55 0 C and humidity level from 20 % to 99 % for an aging time of 1 hour to 7 days to form an aged lay er of graphene oxide. Currently amended
The process of claim 1, wherein said supporting film is driven by a counter- rotating supporting roller disposed at a working distance from said application roller and rotating in said second direction opposite to said first direction. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said step of dispensing said graphene oxide dispersion or graphene oxide gel onto said surface of the application roller includes using a metering roller and/or a doctor's blade to provide a desired thickness of said applicator layer of graphene oxide on said application roller surface. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said process includes operating 2, 3, or 4 rollers. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said process includes a reverse roll transfer coating procedure. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said supporting film is fed from a feeder roller and said dried layer of graphene oxide supported by said supporting film is wound on a winding roller and said process is conducted in a roll-to-roll manner. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the velocity ratio, defined as (said second line velocity)/(said first line velocity), is from 1/5 to 5/1. Original
The process of claim 1, further comprising a step (4) of heat treating the dried layer of graphene oxide at a first heat treatment temperature higher than 55 ° C but no greater than 2,200 ° C for a desired length of time to produce a graphitic film having an inter-planar spacing d 00 2 less than 0.4 nm and an oxygen content less than 5 % by weight. Currently amended
The process of claim 1, wherein said fluid medium further contains pristine graphene sheets and a pristine graphene to graphene oxide ratio is from 1/100 to 100/1. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said fluid medium consists of water and/or an alcohol. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said graphene oxide sheets in said graphene oxide dispersion occupy a weight fraction of 0.1 % to 25 % based on the total weight of graphene oxide sheets and liquid medium combined. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said graphene oxide dispersion or graphene oxide gel has greater than 3 % by weight of graphene oxide dispersed in said fluid medium to form a liquid crystal phase. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said graphene oxide dispersion or graphene oxide gel is prepared by immersing a graphitic material in a powder or fibrous form in an oxidizing liquid in a reaction vessel at a reaction temperature for a length of time sufficient to obtain said graphene oxide dispersion or said graphene oxide gel wherein said graphitic material is selected from natural graphite, artificial graphite, mesophase carbon, mesophase pitch, mesocarbon micro-bead, soft carbon, hard carbon, coke, carbon fiber, carbon nanofiber, carbon nanotube, or a combination thereof. Previously presented
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
The process of claim 4410, wherein said treatment temperature contains a temperature in the range of 1,500 ° C- 2,200 ° C and the graphitic film has an oxygen content less than 0.01 %, an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.337 nm, a thermal conductivity from 1,300 W/mK to 1,745 W/mK, and/or an electrical conductivity from 5,000 S/cm to 12,000 S/cm. Currently amended
The process of claim 4410, wherein said first heat treatment temperature contains a temperature from 2,500 ° C to 2,800 0 C and the graphitic film has an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.4, a thermal conductivity from 1,600 W/mK to 1745 W/mK, and/or an electrical conductivity from 10,000 S/cm to 12,000 S/cm. Currently amended
The process of claim 4110, wherein said graphene oxide dispersion or graphene oxide gel is obtained from a graphitic material having multiple graphite crystallites exhibiting no preferred crystalline orientation as determined by an X-ray diffraction or electron diffraction method and wherein said graphitic film is a single crystal or a poly-crystal graphene structure having a preferred crystalline orientation as determined by said X-ray diffraction or electron diffraction method. Currently amended
The process of claim 4410, wherein said step of heat-treating induces chemical linking, merging, or chemical bonding of graphene oxide sheets or graphene oxide molecules in an edge-to-edge manner. Currently amended
The process of claim 44 13, wherein said graphitic film has an electrical conductivity greater than 12,000 S/cm, a thermal conductivity from 1,500 W/mK to 1,745 W/mK, a physical density greater than 2.1 g/cm3, a tensile strength greater than 120 MPa, and/or an elastic modulus greater than 120 GPa. Currently amended
Canceled
Canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene oxide
graphene oxide gel
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG.6(B) An SEM i mage of a cross-section of a flexible graphite foil, showing many graphite flakes with orientations not parallel to the flexible graphite foil …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
inter-planar spacing d002 of dried graphene oxide film | 0.4–1.2 nm | graphene oxide |
inter-planar spacing d002 of graphitic film (first heat treatment) | ≤ 0.4 nm |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,005,099Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 0 Photos of highly oriented graphene oxide films prepared by slot-die coating (left image) and by reverse roll transfer procedure (right image), …
FIG.2 Schematic of another reverse roll-based GO layer transfer apparatus for producing highly oriented GO films.
FIG.3 Schematic of yet another reverse roll-based GO layer transfer apparatus for producing 10 highly oriented GO films.
FIG.4 Schematic of still another reverse roll-based GO layer transfer apparatus for producing highly oriented GO films.
FIG.5(B) Schematic drawing illustrating the processes for producing conventional paper, mat, film, and membrane of simply aggregated graphite or NGP …
FIG.6(B) An SEM i mage of a cross-section of a flexible graphite foil, showing many graphite flakes with orientations not parallel to the flexible graphite foil …
FIG.7(C) Schematic drawing and an attendant SEM image to illustrate the formation process of a HOGF that is composed of multiple graphene planes that are …
FIG.8(A)Thermal conductivity values of the GO gel-derived graphitic film (reverse roll transfer), 15 GO gel-derived graphitic film (slot-die coating), sheets of …
FIG.9 Thermal conductivity values of the GO dispersion-derived graphitic film (reverse roll transfer), GO dispersion-derived graphitic film (comma coating), …
FIG. 10). In contrast, reverse roll transfer works very well for a wide range of GO solid contents (e.g. from 0.05% to 25% by weight, more typically from 0.1% …
FIG. 11 (A) X-ray diffraction curves of a GO layer.
FIG.12 (D) The thermal conductivity of reverse roll-coated GO gel-derived graphitic films, slot die-coated GO gel-derived graphitic films, and flexible graphite …
FIG. 13 (B) Tensile modulus of the graphitic films from reverse roll-coated GO films, slot die- coated GO films, and RGO platelet paper. 15
FIG. 14 Thermal conductivity of various graphitic films prepared by drop-casting, comma coating, and reverse roll coating of GO layers treated with a final heat …
FIG. 15 Thermal conductivity of graphitic films prepared from comma-coated layers and reverse 20 roll-coated layers heat-treated with a final heat treatment …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A process for producing a highly oriented graphene oxide film, said process comprising: (a) preparing either a graphene oxide dispersion having graphene oxide sheets dispersed in a fluid medium or a graphene oxide gel having graphene oxide molecules dissolved in a fluid medium, wherein said graphene oxide sheets or graphene oxide molecules contain an oxygen content higher than 5 % by weight; (b) dispensing said graphene oxide dispersion or graphene oxide gel onto a gap between an applicator roller and a metering roller wherein a relative motion or rotation between said metering roller and said applicator roller generates an applicator layer of graphene oxide onto a surface of a n said application roller rotating in a first direction at a first line velocity, wherein said application roller transfers said applicator layer of graphene oxide to a surface of a supporting film driven in a second direction opposite to said first direction at a second line velocity, to form a wet layer of graphene oxide on said supporting film; and (c) at least partially removing said fluid medium from the wet layer of graphene oxide to form a dried layer of graphene oxide having all graphene oxide planes parallel to one another along the plane of the film and having an inter-planar spacing d 00 2 of 0.4 nm to 1.2 nm as determined by X-ray diffraction and an oxygen content no less than 5 % by weight; wherein said process further comprised a step of aging said wet or dried la y er of graphene oxide in an aging room at an aging temperature from 25 0 C to 55 0 C and humidity level from 20 % to 99 % for an aging time of 1 hour to 7 days to form an aged lay er of graphene oxide. Currently amended
The process of claim 1, wherein said supporting film is driven by a counter- rotating supporting roller disposed at a working distance from said application roller and rotating in said second direction opposite to said first direction. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said step of dispensing said graphene oxide dispersion or graphene oxide gel onto said surface of the application roller includes using a metering roller and/or a doctor's blade to provide a desired thickness of said applicator layer of graphene oxide on said application roller surface. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said process includes operating 2, 3, or 4 rollers. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said process includes a reverse roll transfer coating procedure. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said supporting film is fed from a feeder roller and said dried layer of graphene oxide supported by said supporting film is wound on a winding roller and said process is conducted in a roll-to-roll manner. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the velocity ratio, defined as (said second line velocity)/(said first line velocity), is from 1/5 to 5/1. Original
The process of claim 1, further comprising a step (4) of heat treating the dried layer of graphene oxide at a first heat treatment temperature higher than 55 ° C but no greater than 2,200 ° C for a desired length of time to produce a graphitic film having an inter-planar spacing d 00 2 less than 0.4 nm and an oxygen content less than 5 % by weight. Currently amended
The process of claim 1, wherein said fluid medium further contains pristine graphene sheets and a pristine graphene to graphene oxide ratio is from 1/100 to 100/1. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said fluid medium consists of water and/or an alcohol. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said graphene oxide sheets in said graphene oxide dispersion occupy a weight fraction of 0.1 % to 25 % based on the total weight of graphene oxide sheets and liquid medium combined. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said graphene oxide dispersion or graphene oxide gel has greater than 3 % by weight of graphene oxide dispersed in said fluid medium to form a liquid crystal phase. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said graphene oxide dispersion or graphene oxide gel is prepared by immersing a graphitic material in a powder or fibrous form in an oxidizing liquid in a reaction vessel at a reaction temperature for a length of time sufficient to obtain said graphene oxide dispersion or said graphene oxide gel wherein said graphitic material is selected from natural graphite, artificial graphite, mesophase carbon, mesophase pitch, mesocarbon micro-bead, soft carbon, hard carbon, coke, carbon fiber, carbon nanofiber, carbon nanotube, or a combination thereof. Previously presented
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
The process of claim 4410, wherein said treatment temperature contains a temperature in the range of 1,500 ° C- 2,200 ° C and the graphitic film has an oxygen content less than 0.01 %, an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.337 nm, a thermal conductivity from 1,300 W/mK to 1,745 W/mK, and/or an electrical conductivity from 5,000 S/cm to 12,000 S/cm. Currently amended
The process of claim 4410, wherein said first heat treatment temperature contains a temperature from 2,500 ° C to 2,800 0 C and the graphitic film has an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.4, a thermal conductivity from 1,600 W/mK to 1745 W/mK, and/or an electrical conductivity from 10,000 S/cm to 12,000 S/cm. Currently amended
The process of claim 4110, wherein said graphene oxide dispersion or graphene oxide gel is obtained from a graphitic material having multiple graphite crystallites exhibiting no preferred crystalline orientation as determined by an X-ray diffraction or electron diffraction method and wherein said graphitic film is a single crystal or a poly-crystal graphene structure having a preferred crystalline orientation as determined by said X-ray diffraction or electron diffraction method. Currently amended
The process of claim 4410, wherein said step of heat-treating induces chemical linking, merging, or chemical bonding of graphene oxide sheets or graphene oxide molecules in an edge-to-edge manner. Currently amended
The process of claim 44 13, wherein said graphitic film has an electrical conductivity greater than 12,000 S/cm, a thermal conductivity from 1,500 W/mK to 1,745 W/mK, a physical density greater than 2.1 g/cm3, a tensile strength greater than 120 MPa, and/or an elastic modulus greater than 120 GPa. Currently amended
Canceled
Canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene oxide
graphene oxide gel
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG.6(B) An SEM i mage of a cross-section of a flexible graphite foil, showing many graphite flakes with orientations not parallel to the flexible graphite foil …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
inter-planar spacing d002 of dried graphene oxide film | 0.4–1.2 nm | graphene oxide |
inter-planar spacing d002 of graphitic film (first heat treatment) | ≤ 0.4 nm |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,005,099Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 0 Photos of highly oriented graphene oxide films prepared by slot-die coating (left image) and by reverse roll transfer procedure (right image), …
FIG.2 Schematic of another reverse roll-based GO layer transfer apparatus for producing highly oriented GO films.
FIG.3 Schematic of yet another reverse roll-based GO layer transfer apparatus for producing 10 highly oriented GO films.
FIG.4 Schematic of still another reverse roll-based GO layer transfer apparatus for producing highly oriented GO films.
FIG.5(B) Schematic drawing illustrating the processes for producing conventional paper, mat, film, and membrane of simply aggregated graphite or NGP …
FIG.6(B) An SEM i mage of a cross-section of a flexible graphite foil, showing many graphite flakes with orientations not parallel to the flexible graphite foil …
FIG.7(C) Schematic drawing and an attendant SEM image to illustrate the formation process of a HOGF that is composed of multiple graphene planes that are …
FIG.8(A)Thermal conductivity values of the GO gel-derived graphitic film (reverse roll transfer), 15 GO gel-derived graphitic film (slot-die coating), sheets of …
FIG.9 Thermal conductivity values of the GO dispersion-derived graphitic film (reverse roll transfer), GO dispersion-derived graphitic film (comma coating), …
FIG. 10). In contrast, reverse roll transfer works very well for a wide range of GO solid contents (e.g. from 0.05% to 25% by weight, more typically from 0.1% …
FIG. 11 (A) X-ray diffraction curves of a GO layer.
FIG.12 (D) The thermal conductivity of reverse roll-coated GO gel-derived graphitic films, slot die-coated GO gel-derived graphitic films, and flexible graphite …
FIG. 13 (B) Tensile modulus of the graphitic films from reverse roll-coated GO films, slot die- coated GO films, and RGO platelet paper. 15
FIG. 14 Thermal conductivity of various graphitic films prepared by drop-casting, comma coating, and reverse roll coating of GO layers treated with a final heat …
FIG. 15 Thermal conductivity of graphitic films prepared from comma-coated layers and reverse 20 roll-coated layers heat-treated with a final heat treatment …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A process for producing a highly oriented graphene oxide film, said process comprising: (a) preparing either a graphene oxide dispersion having graphene oxide sheets dispersed in a fluid medium or a graphene oxide gel having graphene oxide molecules dissolved in a fluid medium, wherein said graphene oxide sheets or graphene oxide molecules contain an oxygen content higher than 5 % by weight; (b) dispensing said graphene oxide dispersion or graphene oxide gel onto a gap between an applicator roller and a metering roller wherein a relative motion or rotation between said metering roller and said applicator roller generates an applicator layer of graphene oxide onto a surface of a n said application roller rotating in a first direction at a first line velocity, wherein said application roller transfers said applicator layer of graphene oxide to a surface of a supporting film driven in a second direction opposite to said first direction at a second line velocity, to form a wet layer of graphene oxide on said supporting film; and (c) at least partially removing said fluid medium from the wet layer of graphene oxide to form a dried layer of graphene oxide having all graphene oxide planes parallel to one another along the plane of the film and having an inter-planar spacing d 00 2 of 0.4 nm to 1.2 nm as determined by X-ray diffraction and an oxygen content no less than 5 % by weight; wherein said process further comprised a step of aging said wet or dried la y er of graphene oxide in an aging room at an aging temperature from 25 0 C to 55 0 C and humidity level from 20 % to 99 % for an aging time of 1 hour to 7 days to form an aged lay er of graphene oxide. Currently amended
The process of claim 1, wherein said supporting film is driven by a counter- rotating supporting roller disposed at a working distance from said application roller and rotating in said second direction opposite to said first direction. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said step of dispensing said graphene oxide dispersion or graphene oxide gel onto said surface of the application roller includes using a metering roller and/or a doctor's blade to provide a desired thickness of said applicator layer of graphene oxide on said application roller surface. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said process includes operating 2, 3, or 4 rollers. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said process includes a reverse roll transfer coating procedure. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said supporting film is fed from a feeder roller and said dried layer of graphene oxide supported by said supporting film is wound on a winding roller and said process is conducted in a roll-to-roll manner. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the velocity ratio, defined as (said second line velocity)/(said first line velocity), is from 1/5 to 5/1. Original
The process of claim 1, further comprising a step (4) of heat treating the dried layer of graphene oxide at a first heat treatment temperature higher than 55 ° C but no greater than 2,200 ° C for a desired length of time to produce a graphitic film having an inter-planar spacing d 00 2 less than 0.4 nm and an oxygen content less than 5 % by weight. Currently amended
The process of claim 1, wherein said fluid medium further contains pristine graphene sheets and a pristine graphene to graphene oxide ratio is from 1/100 to 100/1. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said fluid medium consists of water and/or an alcohol. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said graphene oxide sheets in said graphene oxide dispersion occupy a weight fraction of 0.1 % to 25 % based on the total weight of graphene oxide sheets and liquid medium combined. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said graphene oxide dispersion or graphene oxide gel has greater than 3 % by weight of graphene oxide dispersed in said fluid medium to form a liquid crystal phase. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said graphene oxide dispersion or graphene oxide gel is prepared by immersing a graphitic material in a powder or fibrous form in an oxidizing liquid in a reaction vessel at a reaction temperature for a length of time sufficient to obtain said graphene oxide dispersion or said graphene oxide gel wherein said graphitic material is selected from natural graphite, artificial graphite, mesophase carbon, mesophase pitch, mesocarbon micro-bead, soft carbon, hard carbon, coke, carbon fiber, carbon nanofiber, carbon nanotube, or a combination thereof. Previously presented
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
The process of claim 4410, wherein said treatment temperature contains a temperature in the range of 1,500 ° C- 2,200 ° C and the graphitic film has an oxygen content less than 0.01 %, an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.337 nm, a thermal conductivity from 1,300 W/mK to 1,745 W/mK, and/or an electrical conductivity from 5,000 S/cm to 12,000 S/cm. Currently amended
The process of claim 4410, wherein said first heat treatment temperature contains a temperature from 2,500 ° C to 2,800 0 C and the graphitic film has an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.4, a thermal conductivity from 1,600 W/mK to 1745 W/mK, and/or an electrical conductivity from 10,000 S/cm to 12,000 S/cm. Currently amended
The process of claim 4110, wherein said graphene oxide dispersion or graphene oxide gel is obtained from a graphitic material having multiple graphite crystallites exhibiting no preferred crystalline orientation as determined by an X-ray diffraction or electron diffraction method and wherein said graphitic film is a single crystal or a poly-crystal graphene structure having a preferred crystalline orientation as determined by said X-ray diffraction or electron diffraction method. Currently amended
The process of claim 4410, wherein said step of heat-treating induces chemical linking, merging, or chemical bonding of graphene oxide sheets or graphene oxide molecules in an edge-to-edge manner. Currently amended
The process of claim 44 13, wherein said graphitic film has an electrical conductivity greater than 12,000 S/cm, a thermal conductivity from 1,500 W/mK to 1,745 W/mK, a physical density greater than 2.1 g/cm3, a tensile strength greater than 120 MPa, and/or an elastic modulus greater than 120 GPa. Currently amended
Canceled
Canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene oxide
graphene oxide gel
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG.6(B) An SEM i mage of a cross-section of a flexible graphite foil, showing many graphite flakes with orientations not parallel to the flexible graphite foil …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
inter-planar spacing d002 of dried graphene oxide film | 0.4–1.2 nm | graphene oxide |
inter-planar spacing d002 of graphitic film (first heat treatment) | ≤ 0.4 nm |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
graphitic film
pristine graphene
graphitic material precursor
FIG.7(C) Schematic drawing and an attendant SEM image to illustrate the formation process of a HOGF that is composed of multiple graphene planes that are …
FIG.7(C) Schematic drawing and an attendant SEM image to illustrate the formation process of a HOGF that is composed of multiple graphene planes that are …
FIG. 14 Thermal conductivity of various graphitic films prepared by drop-casting, comma coating, and reverse roll coating of GO layers treated with a final heat …
FIG. 15 Thermal conductivity of graphitic films prepared from comma-coated layers and reverse 20 roll-coated layers heat-treated with a final heat treatment …
inter-planar spacing d002 of graphitic film (second heat treatment, 2200-2800C) | 0.3354–0.36 nm | graphitic film |
inter-graphene spacing of graphitic film at 500-1500C treatment | ≤ 0.345 nm | graphitic film |
inter-graphene spacing of graphitic film at 1500-2200C treatment | ≤ 0.337 nm | graphitic film |
inter-graphene spacing of graphitic film at 2500-2800C treatment | ≤ 0.336 nm | graphitic film |
thermal conductivity of graphitic film (500-1500C treatment) | 1000–1745 W/mK | graphitic film |
electrical conductivity of graphitic film (500-1500C treatment) | 3000–12000 S/cm | graphitic film |
thermal conductivity of graphitic film (1500-2200C treatment) | 1300–1745 W/mK | graphitic film |
electrical conductivity of graphitic film (1500-2200C treatment) | 5000–12000 S/cm | graphitic film |
thermal conductivity of graphitic film (2500-2800C treatment) | 1500–1745 W/mK | graphitic film |
electrical conductivity of graphitic film (2500-2800C treatment) | 10000–12000 S/cm | graphitic film |
electrical conductivity of graphitic film with pristine graphene additive | ≥ 5000 S/cm | graphitic film |
thermal conductivity of graphitic film with pristine graphene additive | 800–1745 W/mK | graphitic film |
tensile strength of graphitic film with pristine graphene additive (claim 38) | ≥ 80 MPa | graphitic film |
elastic modulus of graphitic film with pristine graphene additive (claim 38) | ≥ 60 GPa | graphitic film |
electrical conductivity of graphitic film (claim 39, second HT 2200-2800C) | ≥ 8000 S/cm | graphitic film |
thermal conductivity of graphitic film (claim 39, second HT 2200-2800C) | 1200–1745 W/mK | graphitic film |
tensile strength of graphitic film (claim 39) | ≥ 100 MPa | graphitic film |
elastic modulus of graphitic film (claim 39) | ≥ 80 GPa | graphitic film |
electrical conductivity of graphitic film (claim 40) | ≥ 12000 S/cm | graphitic film |
thermal conductivity of graphitic film (claim 40) | 1500–1745 W/mK | graphitic film |
tensile strength of graphitic film (claim 40) | ≥ 120 MPa | graphitic film |
elastic modulus of graphitic film (claim 40) | ≥ 120 GPa | graphitic film |
Duration | 15–120 s | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Duration | 0.2–1 hour | — |
Duration | 48–72 hours | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Pressure | 23–52 MPa | — |
Thickness | 0.6–1.2 nm | — |
— | 800–1200 W | — |
— | 1200–1500 W | — |
Duration | 1–4 hours | — |
Duration | 1–2 hours | — |
— | 140–300 W | — |
— | 10–30 W | — |
Duration | 5–16 hours | — |
Duration | 1–8 hours | — |
Duration | 48–96 hours | — |
Duration | 10–100 min | — |
Duration | 1–10 hours | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 hours | — |
Temperature | 40–55 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 5 mm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 mm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.344 nm | — |
— | ≤ 0.1 ev | — |
— | ≤ 900 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
— | ≥ 1700 W | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
— | ≥ 600 W | — |
— | ≥ 900 W | — |
— | ≥ 1730 W | — |
Pressure | ≥ 93 MPa | — |
Pressure | ≥ 135 MPa | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 mm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 cm | — |
Temperature | 2500–2800 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2200 °C | — |
Pressure | ≥ 1 MPa | — |
graphitic film
pristine graphene
graphitic material precursor
FIG.7(C) Schematic drawing and an attendant SEM image to illustrate the formation process of a HOGF that is composed of multiple graphene planes that are …
FIG.7(C) Schematic drawing and an attendant SEM image to illustrate the formation process of a HOGF that is composed of multiple graphene planes that are …
FIG. 14 Thermal conductivity of various graphitic films prepared by drop-casting, comma coating, and reverse roll coating of GO layers treated with a final heat …
FIG. 15 Thermal conductivity of graphitic films prepared from comma-coated layers and reverse 20 roll-coated layers heat-treated with a final heat treatment …
inter-planar spacing d002 of graphitic film (second heat treatment, 2200-2800C) | 0.3354–0.36 nm | graphitic film |
inter-graphene spacing of graphitic film at 500-1500C treatment | ≤ 0.345 nm | graphitic film |
inter-graphene spacing of graphitic film at 1500-2200C treatment | ≤ 0.337 nm | graphitic film |
inter-graphene spacing of graphitic film at 2500-2800C treatment | ≤ 0.336 nm | graphitic film |
thermal conductivity of graphitic film (500-1500C treatment) | 1000–1745 W/mK | graphitic film |
electrical conductivity of graphitic film (500-1500C treatment) | 3000–12000 S/cm | graphitic film |
thermal conductivity of graphitic film (1500-2200C treatment) | 1300–1745 W/mK | graphitic film |
electrical conductivity of graphitic film (1500-2200C treatment) | 5000–12000 S/cm | graphitic film |
thermal conductivity of graphitic film (2500-2800C treatment) | 1500–1745 W/mK | graphitic film |
electrical conductivity of graphitic film (2500-2800C treatment) | 10000–12000 S/cm | graphitic film |
electrical conductivity of graphitic film with pristine graphene additive | ≥ 5000 S/cm | graphitic film |
thermal conductivity of graphitic film with pristine graphene additive | 800–1745 W/mK | graphitic film |
tensile strength of graphitic film with pristine graphene additive (claim 38) | ≥ 80 MPa | graphitic film |
elastic modulus of graphitic film with pristine graphene additive (claim 38) | ≥ 60 GPa | graphitic film |
electrical conductivity of graphitic film (claim 39, second HT 2200-2800C) | ≥ 8000 S/cm | graphitic film |
thermal conductivity of graphitic film (claim 39, second HT 2200-2800C) | 1200–1745 W/mK | graphitic film |
tensile strength of graphitic film (claim 39) | ≥ 100 MPa | graphitic film |
elastic modulus of graphitic film (claim 39) | ≥ 80 GPa | graphitic film |
electrical conductivity of graphitic film (claim 40) | ≥ 12000 S/cm | graphitic film |
thermal conductivity of graphitic film (claim 40) | 1500–1745 W/mK | graphitic film |
tensile strength of graphitic film (claim 40) | ≥ 120 MPa | graphitic film |
elastic modulus of graphitic film (claim 40) | ≥ 120 GPa | graphitic film |
Duration | 15–120 s | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Duration | 0.2–1 hour | — |
Duration | 48–72 hours | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Pressure | 23–52 MPa | — |
Thickness | 0.6–1.2 nm | — |
— | 800–1200 W | — |
— | 1200–1500 W | — |
Duration | 1–4 hours | — |
Duration | 1–2 hours | — |
— | 140–300 W | — |
— | 10–30 W | — |
Duration | 5–16 hours | — |
Duration | 1–8 hours | — |
Duration | 48–96 hours | — |
Duration | 10–100 min | — |
Duration | 1–10 hours | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 hours | — |
Temperature | 40–55 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 5 mm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 mm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.344 nm | — |
— | ≤ 0.1 ev | — |
— | ≤ 900 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
— | ≥ 1700 W | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
— | ≥ 600 W | — |
— | ≥ 900 W | — |
— | ≥ 1730 W | — |
Pressure | ≥ 93 MPa | — |
Pressure | ≥ 135 MPa | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 mm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 cm | — |
Temperature | 2500–2800 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2200 °C | — |
Pressure | ≥ 1 MPa | — |
graphitic film
pristine graphene
graphitic material precursor
FIG.7(C) Schematic drawing and an attendant SEM image to illustrate the formation process of a HOGF that is composed of multiple graphene planes that are …
FIG.7(C) Schematic drawing and an attendant SEM image to illustrate the formation process of a HOGF that is composed of multiple graphene planes that are …
FIG. 14 Thermal conductivity of various graphitic films prepared by drop-casting, comma coating, and reverse roll coating of GO layers treated with a final heat …
FIG. 15 Thermal conductivity of graphitic films prepared from comma-coated layers and reverse 20 roll-coated layers heat-treated with a final heat treatment …
inter-planar spacing d002 of graphitic film (second heat treatment, 2200-2800C) | 0.3354–0.36 nm | graphitic film |
inter-graphene spacing of graphitic film at 500-1500C treatment | ≤ 0.345 nm | graphitic film |
inter-graphene spacing of graphitic film at 1500-2200C treatment | ≤ 0.337 nm | graphitic film |
inter-graphene spacing of graphitic film at 2500-2800C treatment | ≤ 0.336 nm | graphitic film |
thermal conductivity of graphitic film (500-1500C treatment) | 1000–1745 W/mK | graphitic film |
electrical conductivity of graphitic film (500-1500C treatment) | 3000–12000 S/cm | graphitic film |
thermal conductivity of graphitic film (1500-2200C treatment) | 1300–1745 W/mK | graphitic film |
electrical conductivity of graphitic film (1500-2200C treatment) | 5000–12000 S/cm | graphitic film |
thermal conductivity of graphitic film (2500-2800C treatment) | 1500–1745 W/mK | graphitic film |
electrical conductivity of graphitic film (2500-2800C treatment) | 10000–12000 S/cm | graphitic film |
electrical conductivity of graphitic film with pristine graphene additive | ≥ 5000 S/cm | graphitic film |
thermal conductivity of graphitic film with pristine graphene additive | 800–1745 W/mK | graphitic film |
tensile strength of graphitic film with pristine graphene additive (claim 38) | ≥ 80 MPa | graphitic film |
elastic modulus of graphitic film with pristine graphene additive (claim 38) | ≥ 60 GPa | graphitic film |
electrical conductivity of graphitic film (claim 39, second HT 2200-2800C) | ≥ 8000 S/cm | graphitic film |
thermal conductivity of graphitic film (claim 39, second HT 2200-2800C) | 1200–1745 W/mK | graphitic film |
tensile strength of graphitic film (claim 39) | ≥ 100 MPa | graphitic film |
elastic modulus of graphitic film (claim 39) | ≥ 80 GPa | graphitic film |
electrical conductivity of graphitic film (claim 40) | ≥ 12000 S/cm | graphitic film |
thermal conductivity of graphitic film (claim 40) | 1500–1745 W/mK | graphitic film |
tensile strength of graphitic film (claim 40) | ≥ 120 MPa | graphitic film |
elastic modulus of graphitic film (claim 40) | ≥ 120 GPa | graphitic film |
Duration | 15–120 s | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Duration | 0.2–1 hour | — |
Duration | 48–72 hours | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Pressure | 23–52 MPa | — |
Thickness | 0.6–1.2 nm | — |
— | 800–1200 W | — |
— | 1200–1500 W | — |
Duration | 1–4 hours | — |
Duration | 1–2 hours | — |
— | 140–300 W | — |
— | 10–30 W | — |
Duration | 5–16 hours | — |
Duration | 1–8 hours | — |
Duration | 48–96 hours | — |
Duration | 10–100 min | — |
Duration | 1–10 hours | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 hours | — |
Temperature | 40–55 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 5 mm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 mm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.344 nm | — |
— | ≤ 0.1 ev | — |
— | ≤ 900 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
— | ≥ 1700 W | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
— | ≥ 600 W | — |
— | ≥ 900 W | — |
— | ≥ 1730 W | — |
Pressure | ≥ 93 MPa | — |
Pressure | ≥ 135 MPa | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 mm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 cm | — |
Temperature | 2500–2800 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2200 °C | — |
Pressure | ≥ 1 MPa | — |
graphitic film
pristine graphene
graphitic material precursor
FIG.7(C) Schematic drawing and an attendant SEM image to illustrate the formation process of a HOGF that is composed of multiple graphene planes that are …
FIG.7(C) Schematic drawing and an attendant SEM image to illustrate the formation process of a HOGF that is composed of multiple graphene planes that are …
FIG. 14 Thermal conductivity of various graphitic films prepared by drop-casting, comma coating, and reverse roll coating of GO layers treated with a final heat …
FIG. 15 Thermal conductivity of graphitic films prepared from comma-coated layers and reverse 20 roll-coated layers heat-treated with a final heat treatment …
inter-planar spacing d002 of graphitic film (second heat treatment, 2200-2800C) | 0.3354–0.36 nm | graphitic film |
inter-graphene spacing of graphitic film at 500-1500C treatment | ≤ 0.345 nm | graphitic film |
inter-graphene spacing of graphitic film at 1500-2200C treatment | ≤ 0.337 nm | graphitic film |
inter-graphene spacing of graphitic film at 2500-2800C treatment | ≤ 0.336 nm | graphitic film |
thermal conductivity of graphitic film (500-1500C treatment) | 1000–1745 W/mK | graphitic film |
electrical conductivity of graphitic film (500-1500C treatment) | 3000–12000 S/cm | graphitic film |
thermal conductivity of graphitic film (1500-2200C treatment) | 1300–1745 W/mK | graphitic film |
electrical conductivity of graphitic film (1500-2200C treatment) | 5000–12000 S/cm | graphitic film |
thermal conductivity of graphitic film (2500-2800C treatment) | 1500–1745 W/mK | graphitic film |
electrical conductivity of graphitic film (2500-2800C treatment) | 10000–12000 S/cm | graphitic film |
electrical conductivity of graphitic film with pristine graphene additive | ≥ 5000 S/cm | graphitic film |
thermal conductivity of graphitic film with pristine graphene additive | 800–1745 W/mK | graphitic film |
tensile strength of graphitic film with pristine graphene additive (claim 38) | ≥ 80 MPa | graphitic film |
elastic modulus of graphitic film with pristine graphene additive (claim 38) | ≥ 60 GPa | graphitic film |
electrical conductivity of graphitic film (claim 39, second HT 2200-2800C) | ≥ 8000 S/cm | graphitic film |
thermal conductivity of graphitic film (claim 39, second HT 2200-2800C) | 1200–1745 W/mK | graphitic film |
tensile strength of graphitic film (claim 39) | ≥ 100 MPa | graphitic film |
elastic modulus of graphitic film (claim 39) | ≥ 80 GPa | graphitic film |
electrical conductivity of graphitic film (claim 40) | ≥ 12000 S/cm | graphitic film |
thermal conductivity of graphitic film (claim 40) | 1500–1745 W/mK | graphitic film |
tensile strength of graphitic film (claim 40) | ≥ 120 MPa | graphitic film |
elastic modulus of graphitic film (claim 40) | ≥ 120 GPa | graphitic film |
Duration | 15–120 s | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Duration | 0.2–1 hour | — |
Duration | 48–72 hours | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Pressure | 23–52 MPa | — |
Thickness | 0.6–1.2 nm | — |
— | 800–1200 W | — |
— | 1200–1500 W | — |
Duration | 1–4 hours | — |
Duration | 1–2 hours | — |
— | 140–300 W | — |
— | 10–30 W | — |
Duration | 5–16 hours | — |
Duration | 1–8 hours | — |
Duration | 48–96 hours | — |
Duration | 10–100 min | — |
Duration | 1–10 hours | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 hours | — |
Temperature | 40–55 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 5 mm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 mm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.344 nm | — |
— | ≤ 0.1 ev | — |
— | ≤ 900 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
— | ≥ 1700 W | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
— | ≥ 600 W | — |
— | ≥ 900 W | — |
— | ≥ 1730 W | — |
Pressure | ≥ 93 MPa | — |
Pressure | ≥ 135 MPa | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 mm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 cm | — |
Temperature | 2500–2800 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2200 °C | — |
Pressure | ≥ 1 MPa | — |