Patent
US 10,591,230Unitary Graphene-Based Composite Material
Aruna Zhamu, Yi-jun Lin, Wei Xiong, Z. Jang
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,591,230Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1(a) A flow chart illustrating various prior art processes of producing exfoliated graphite products (flexible graphite foils and flexible graphite …
FIG. 2(b) An SEM image of a cross-section of a flexible graphite foil, showing many graphite flakes with orientations not parallel to the flexible graphite foil …
FIG. 3(c) Schematic drawing and an attendant SEM image to illustrate the formation process of a unitary graphene entity or graphene single crystal that is …
FIG. 4(e) thermal conductivity values of unitary graphene layer only, unitary graphene matrix/CB composite, GO paper (prepared from GO platelets not reaching a …
FIG. 5(d) highly re-graphitized and re-crystallized GO single crystal (a more advanced unitary graphene material) showing a high-intensity (004) peak; and
FIG. 6(d) thermal conductivity of GO-derived unitary graphene layer and flexible graphite (FG) foil, all plotted as a function of the final heat treatment …
FIG. 7(a) Thermal conductivity values of the GO-derived unitary graphene layer alone SVG 15789580.10-20-2017.J₉₀DAVKRRXEAPX2.SPEC.26.18.2047.1703.2118.1749.svg …
FIG. 8(c) Rockwell hardness values of unitary graphene matrix/CNT reinforcement composites, unitary graphene matrix/expanded graphite reinforcement composites, …
FIG. 69(a)- (c) indicate that there are four HTT ranges (100-500 ° C; 500-1,250 ° C; 1,250-2,000 ° C, and > 2,000 ° C) that lead to four respective oxygen …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A thermally conductive composite material comprising a unitary graphene matrix material, the unitary graphene matrix material being single crystal or polycrystalline; having a physical density from 1.7 g/cm 3 to 2.24 g/cm 3; an inter-graphene spacing d 00 2 from 0.3354 nm to 0.40 nm; an oxygen content from 0.001% to 10%; a degree of graphitization from 1% to 100%; and a thermal conductivity from 600 W/mK to 1,800 W/mK and containing chemically bonded graphene molecules or chemically merged graphene planes wherein said graphene planes in a crystal grain are essentially parallel to one another with an average misorientation angle less than 10 degrees; further comprising a filler or reinforcement phase in the shape of a particle, filament, nanotube, nanowire, nanorod, and combinations thereof; selected from a metal, ceramic, glass, polymer, carbon, and combinations thereof. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, wherein the filler or reinforcement phase is chemically bonded by the unitary graphene matrix. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, wherein the filler or reinforcement phase is selected from a graphite fiber; graphite nanofiber g carbon nanotube g carbon nanorod; mesophase carbon pa rt icle; mesocarbon microbead, expanded graphite flake with a thickness greater than 100 nm, single-layer graphene sheet; multi-layer graphene platelet with a thickness less than 100 nm, pristine graphene platelet; exfoliated graphite; graphite worm; coke particle; needle coke; carbon black; acetylene black particle; activated carbon pa rt icle; and combinations thereof. Currently amended
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, having a porosity level from 0% to 5%. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, having an electrical conductivity from 1,500 S/cm to 25,000 S/cm. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, having a tensile strength from 32 MPa to 200 MPa. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, having a flexural strength from 32 MPa to 200 MPa. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, having a Rockwell hardness, as measured on the R scale using ASTM D 785, from 60 to 80. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, having one dimension from centimeter to hundreds of centimeters. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, wherein the unitary graphene matrix material exhibits a mosaic spread value from 0.4 to 0.7 and contains a combination of sp 2 and sp 3 electronic configurations. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, further comprising a surface coating having an emissivity greater than an emissivity of the unitary graphene matrix material. Original
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
thermally conductive composite material/heat sink
Materials described outside the worked examples.
unitary graphene matrix material
filler or reinforcement phase (metal, ceramic, glass, polymer, carbon)
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 2(b) An SEM image of a cross-section of a flexible graphite foil, showing many graphite flakes with orientations not parallel to the flexible graphite foil …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Physical Density | 1.7–2.24 g/cm3 | unitary graphene matrix material |
d002 inter-graphene spacing | 0.3354–0.4 nm |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
PROCESS FOR PRODUCING INTEGRAL GRAPHENE FILMS FROM FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE SHEETS
PROCESS FOR PRODUCING FABRIC OF CONTINUOUS GRAPHENE FIBER YARNS FROM FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE SHEETS
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,591,230Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1(a) A flow chart illustrating various prior art processes of producing exfoliated graphite products (flexible graphite foils and flexible graphite …
FIG. 2(b) An SEM image of a cross-section of a flexible graphite foil, showing many graphite flakes with orientations not parallel to the flexible graphite foil …
FIG. 3(c) Schematic drawing and an attendant SEM image to illustrate the formation process of a unitary graphene entity or graphene single crystal that is …
FIG. 4(e) thermal conductivity values of unitary graphene layer only, unitary graphene matrix/CB composite, GO paper (prepared from GO platelets not reaching a …
FIG. 5(d) highly re-graphitized and re-crystallized GO single crystal (a more advanced unitary graphene material) showing a high-intensity (004) peak; and
FIG. 6(d) thermal conductivity of GO-derived unitary graphene layer and flexible graphite (FG) foil, all plotted as a function of the final heat treatment …
FIG. 7(a) Thermal conductivity values of the GO-derived unitary graphene layer alone SVG 15789580.10-20-2017.J₉₀DAVKRRXEAPX2.SPEC.26.18.2047.1703.2118.1749.svg …
FIG. 8(c) Rockwell hardness values of unitary graphene matrix/CNT reinforcement composites, unitary graphene matrix/expanded graphite reinforcement composites, …
FIG. 69(a)- (c) indicate that there are four HTT ranges (100-500 ° C; 500-1,250 ° C; 1,250-2,000 ° C, and > 2,000 ° C) that lead to four respective oxygen …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A thermally conductive composite material comprising a unitary graphene matrix material, the unitary graphene matrix material being single crystal or polycrystalline; having a physical density from 1.7 g/cm 3 to 2.24 g/cm 3; an inter-graphene spacing d 00 2 from 0.3354 nm to 0.40 nm; an oxygen content from 0.001% to 10%; a degree of graphitization from 1% to 100%; and a thermal conductivity from 600 W/mK to 1,800 W/mK and containing chemically bonded graphene molecules or chemically merged graphene planes wherein said graphene planes in a crystal grain are essentially parallel to one another with an average misorientation angle less than 10 degrees; further comprising a filler or reinforcement phase in the shape of a particle, filament, nanotube, nanowire, nanorod, and combinations thereof; selected from a metal, ceramic, glass, polymer, carbon, and combinations thereof. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, wherein the filler or reinforcement phase is chemically bonded by the unitary graphene matrix. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, wherein the filler or reinforcement phase is selected from a graphite fiber; graphite nanofiber g carbon nanotube g carbon nanorod; mesophase carbon pa rt icle; mesocarbon microbead, expanded graphite flake with a thickness greater than 100 nm, single-layer graphene sheet; multi-layer graphene platelet with a thickness less than 100 nm, pristine graphene platelet; exfoliated graphite; graphite worm; coke particle; needle coke; carbon black; acetylene black particle; activated carbon pa rt icle; and combinations thereof. Currently amended
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, having a porosity level from 0% to 5%. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, having an electrical conductivity from 1,500 S/cm to 25,000 S/cm. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, having a tensile strength from 32 MPa to 200 MPa. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, having a flexural strength from 32 MPa to 200 MPa. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, having a Rockwell hardness, as measured on the R scale using ASTM D 785, from 60 to 80. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, having one dimension from centimeter to hundreds of centimeters. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, wherein the unitary graphene matrix material exhibits a mosaic spread value from 0.4 to 0.7 and contains a combination of sp 2 and sp 3 electronic configurations. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, further comprising a surface coating having an emissivity greater than an emissivity of the unitary graphene matrix material. Original
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
thermally conductive composite material/heat sink
Materials described outside the worked examples.
unitary graphene matrix material
filler or reinforcement phase (metal, ceramic, glass, polymer, carbon)
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 2(b) An SEM image of a cross-section of a flexible graphite foil, showing many graphite flakes with orientations not parallel to the flexible graphite foil …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Physical Density | 1.7–2.24 g/cm3 | unitary graphene matrix material |
d002 inter-graphene spacing | 0.3354–0.4 nm |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
PROCESS FOR PRODUCING INTEGRAL GRAPHENE FILMS FROM FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE SHEETS
PROCESS FOR PRODUCING FABRIC OF CONTINUOUS GRAPHENE FIBER YARNS FROM FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE SHEETS
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,591,230Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1(a) A flow chart illustrating various prior art processes of producing exfoliated graphite products (flexible graphite foils and flexible graphite …
FIG. 2(b) An SEM image of a cross-section of a flexible graphite foil, showing many graphite flakes with orientations not parallel to the flexible graphite foil …
FIG. 3(c) Schematic drawing and an attendant SEM image to illustrate the formation process of a unitary graphene entity or graphene single crystal that is …
FIG. 4(e) thermal conductivity values of unitary graphene layer only, unitary graphene matrix/CB composite, GO paper (prepared from GO platelets not reaching a …
FIG. 5(d) highly re-graphitized and re-crystallized GO single crystal (a more advanced unitary graphene material) showing a high-intensity (004) peak; and
FIG. 6(d) thermal conductivity of GO-derived unitary graphene layer and flexible graphite (FG) foil, all plotted as a function of the final heat treatment …
FIG. 7(a) Thermal conductivity values of the GO-derived unitary graphene layer alone SVG 15789580.10-20-2017.J₉₀DAVKRRXEAPX2.SPEC.26.18.2047.1703.2118.1749.svg …
FIG. 8(c) Rockwell hardness values of unitary graphene matrix/CNT reinforcement composites, unitary graphene matrix/expanded graphite reinforcement composites, …
FIG. 69(a)- (c) indicate that there are four HTT ranges (100-500 ° C; 500-1,250 ° C; 1,250-2,000 ° C, and > 2,000 ° C) that lead to four respective oxygen …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A thermally conductive composite material comprising a unitary graphene matrix material, the unitary graphene matrix material being single crystal or polycrystalline; having a physical density from 1.7 g/cm 3 to 2.24 g/cm 3; an inter-graphene spacing d 00 2 from 0.3354 nm to 0.40 nm; an oxygen content from 0.001% to 10%; a degree of graphitization from 1% to 100%; and a thermal conductivity from 600 W/mK to 1,800 W/mK and containing chemically bonded graphene molecules or chemically merged graphene planes wherein said graphene planes in a crystal grain are essentially parallel to one another with an average misorientation angle less than 10 degrees; further comprising a filler or reinforcement phase in the shape of a particle, filament, nanotube, nanowire, nanorod, and combinations thereof; selected from a metal, ceramic, glass, polymer, carbon, and combinations thereof. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, wherein the filler or reinforcement phase is chemically bonded by the unitary graphene matrix. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, wherein the filler or reinforcement phase is selected from a graphite fiber; graphite nanofiber g carbon nanotube g carbon nanorod; mesophase carbon pa rt icle; mesocarbon microbead, expanded graphite flake with a thickness greater than 100 nm, single-layer graphene sheet; multi-layer graphene platelet with a thickness less than 100 nm, pristine graphene platelet; exfoliated graphite; graphite worm; coke particle; needle coke; carbon black; acetylene black particle; activated carbon pa rt icle; and combinations thereof. Currently amended
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, having a porosity level from 0% to 5%. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, having an electrical conductivity from 1,500 S/cm to 25,000 S/cm. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, having a tensile strength from 32 MPa to 200 MPa. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, having a flexural strength from 32 MPa to 200 MPa. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, having a Rockwell hardness, as measured on the R scale using ASTM D 785, from 60 to 80. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, having one dimension from centimeter to hundreds of centimeters. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, wherein the unitary graphene matrix material exhibits a mosaic spread value from 0.4 to 0.7 and contains a combination of sp 2 and sp 3 electronic configurations. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, further comprising a surface coating having an emissivity greater than an emissivity of the unitary graphene matrix material. Original
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
thermally conductive composite material/heat sink
Materials described outside the worked examples.
unitary graphene matrix material
filler or reinforcement phase (metal, ceramic, glass, polymer, carbon)
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 2(b) An SEM image of a cross-section of a flexible graphite foil, showing many graphite flakes with orientations not parallel to the flexible graphite foil …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Physical Density | 1.7–2.24 g/cm3 | unitary graphene matrix material |
d002 inter-graphene spacing | 0.3354–0.4 nm |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
PROCESS FOR PRODUCING INTEGRAL GRAPHENE FILMS FROM FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE SHEETS
PROCESS FOR PRODUCING FABRIC OF CONTINUOUS GRAPHENE FIBER YARNS FROM FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE SHEETS
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,591,230Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1(a) A flow chart illustrating various prior art processes of producing exfoliated graphite products (flexible graphite foils and flexible graphite …
FIG. 2(b) An SEM image of a cross-section of a flexible graphite foil, showing many graphite flakes with orientations not parallel to the flexible graphite foil …
FIG. 3(c) Schematic drawing and an attendant SEM image to illustrate the formation process of a unitary graphene entity or graphene single crystal that is …
FIG. 4(e) thermal conductivity values of unitary graphene layer only, unitary graphene matrix/CB composite, GO paper (prepared from GO platelets not reaching a …
FIG. 5(d) highly re-graphitized and re-crystallized GO single crystal (a more advanced unitary graphene material) showing a high-intensity (004) peak; and
FIG. 6(d) thermal conductivity of GO-derived unitary graphene layer and flexible graphite (FG) foil, all plotted as a function of the final heat treatment …
FIG. 7(a) Thermal conductivity values of the GO-derived unitary graphene layer alone SVG 15789580.10-20-2017.J₉₀DAVKRRXEAPX2.SPEC.26.18.2047.1703.2118.1749.svg …
FIG. 8(c) Rockwell hardness values of unitary graphene matrix/CNT reinforcement composites, unitary graphene matrix/expanded graphite reinforcement composites, …
FIG. 69(a)- (c) indicate that there are four HTT ranges (100-500 ° C; 500-1,250 ° C; 1,250-2,000 ° C, and > 2,000 ° C) that lead to four respective oxygen …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A thermally conductive composite material comprising a unitary graphene matrix material, the unitary graphene matrix material being single crystal or polycrystalline; having a physical density from 1.7 g/cm 3 to 2.24 g/cm 3; an inter-graphene spacing d 00 2 from 0.3354 nm to 0.40 nm; an oxygen content from 0.001% to 10%; a degree of graphitization from 1% to 100%; and a thermal conductivity from 600 W/mK to 1,800 W/mK and containing chemically bonded graphene molecules or chemically merged graphene planes wherein said graphene planes in a crystal grain are essentially parallel to one another with an average misorientation angle less than 10 degrees; further comprising a filler or reinforcement phase in the shape of a particle, filament, nanotube, nanowire, nanorod, and combinations thereof; selected from a metal, ceramic, glass, polymer, carbon, and combinations thereof. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, wherein the filler or reinforcement phase is chemically bonded by the unitary graphene matrix. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, wherein the filler or reinforcement phase is selected from a graphite fiber; graphite nanofiber g carbon nanotube g carbon nanorod; mesophase carbon pa rt icle; mesocarbon microbead, expanded graphite flake with a thickness greater than 100 nm, single-layer graphene sheet; multi-layer graphene platelet with a thickness less than 100 nm, pristine graphene platelet; exfoliated graphite; graphite worm; coke particle; needle coke; carbon black; acetylene black particle; activated carbon pa rt icle; and combinations thereof. Currently amended
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, having a porosity level from 0% to 5%. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, having an electrical conductivity from 1,500 S/cm to 25,000 S/cm. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, having a tensile strength from 32 MPa to 200 MPa. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, having a flexural strength from 32 MPa to 200 MPa. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, having a Rockwell hardness, as measured on the R scale using ASTM D 785, from 60 to 80. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, having one dimension from centimeter to hundreds of centimeters. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, wherein the unitary graphene matrix material exhibits a mosaic spread value from 0.4 to 0.7 and contains a combination of sp 2 and sp 3 electronic configurations. Original
The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1, further comprising a surface coating having an emissivity greater than an emissivity of the unitary graphene matrix material. Original
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
thermally conductive composite material/heat sink
Materials described outside the worked examples.
unitary graphene matrix material
filler or reinforcement phase (metal, ceramic, glass, polymer, carbon)
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 2(b) An SEM image of a cross-section of a flexible graphite foil, showing many graphite flakes with orientations not parallel to the flexible graphite foil …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Physical Density | 1.7–2.24 g/cm3 | unitary graphene matrix material |
d002 inter-graphene spacing | 0.3354–0.4 nm |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
PROCESS FOR PRODUCING INTEGRAL GRAPHENE FILMS FROM FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE SHEETS
PROCESS FOR PRODUCING FABRIC OF CONTINUOUS GRAPHENE FIBER YARNS FROM FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE SHEETS
carbon filler/reinforcement phase
surface coating with high emissivity
surface coating selected from aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum nitride, titanium oxide, boron nitride, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, gallium nitride
metal or ceramic nanoparticles surface coating
graphene oxide gel
FIG. 3(c) Schematic drawing and an attendant SEM image to illustrate the formation process of a unitary graphene entity or graphene single crystal that is …
Oxygen Content | 0.001–10 % | unitary graphene matrix material |
Degree Of Graphitization | 1–100 % | unitary graphene matrix material |
Thermal Conductivity | 600–1800 W/mK | unitary graphene matrix material |
Porosity | 0–5 % | unitary graphene matrix material |
Electrical Conductivity | 1500–25000 S/cm | unitary graphene matrix material |
Tensile Strength | 32–200 MPa | unitary graphene matrix material |
Flexural Strength | 32–200 MPa | unitary graphene matrix material |
Rockwell Hardness R Scale | 60–80 HRR | unitary graphene matrix material |
Mosaic Spread | 0.4–0.7 | unitary graphene matrix material |
graphite single crystal basal plane (background reference) | ≤ 1800 W/mK | — |
Temperature | 1250–2000 °C | — |
Temperature | 500–1250 °C | — |
Duration | 15–120 s | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Temperature | 700–2800 °C | — |
Duration | 0.2–1 hour | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
— | 237–582 W | — |
— | 983–1807 W | — |
— | 800–1800 W | — |
Pressure | 22–43 MPa | — |
Thickness | 0.6–1 nm | — |
— | 1400–1500 W | — |
Duration | 1–4 hours | — |
Duration | 1–2 hours | — |
Duration | 0.5–2 hours | — |
Temperature | 800–1050 °C | — |
— | 140–300 W | — |
— | 10–30 W | — |
Temperature | 0–60 °C | — |
Duration | 1–3 hours | — |
Temperature | 3000–3250 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–500 °C | — |
Pressure | 40–140 MPa | — |
Temperature | 2500–3000 °C | — |
Temperature | 2800–3200 °C | — |
— | 1600–1700 W | — |
Temperature | 1000–1500 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.344 nm | — |
Temperature | ≤ 2000 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 nm | — |
— | ≤ 500 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 500 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
— | ≤ 0.1 ev | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.4 nm | — |
— | ≤ 1 W | — |
— | ≤ 237 W | — |
— | ≤ 800 W | — |
— | ≤ 600 W | — |
Pressure | ≤ 20 MPa | — |
— | ≥ 1680 W | — |
— | ≥ 1800 W | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 500 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 1250 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2000 °C | — |
— | ≥ 800 W | — |
— | ≥ 1 W | — |
— | ≥ 1700 W | — |
— | ≥ 600 W | — |
Pressure | ≥ 40 MPa | — |
Pressure | ≥ 80 MPa | — |
Pressure | ≥ 120 MPa | — |
Thickness | ≥ 0.4 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 1 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2500 °C | — |
— | ≥ 420 W | — |
— | ≥ 950 W | — |
Pressure | ≥ 1 MPa | — |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.337 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.4–1 nm | — |
— | 100–450 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 cm | — |
— | ≤ 300 W | — |
Thickness | ≥ 0.344 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 cm | — |
— | ≥ 1500 W | — |
Pressure | ≥ 150 MPa | — |
carbon filler/reinforcement phase
surface coating with high emissivity
surface coating selected from aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum nitride, titanium oxide, boron nitride, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, gallium nitride
metal or ceramic nanoparticles surface coating
graphene oxide gel
FIG. 3(c) Schematic drawing and an attendant SEM image to illustrate the formation process of a unitary graphene entity or graphene single crystal that is …
Oxygen Content | 0.001–10 % | unitary graphene matrix material |
Degree Of Graphitization | 1–100 % | unitary graphene matrix material |
Thermal Conductivity | 600–1800 W/mK | unitary graphene matrix material |
Porosity | 0–5 % | unitary graphene matrix material |
Electrical Conductivity | 1500–25000 S/cm | unitary graphene matrix material |
Tensile Strength | 32–200 MPa | unitary graphene matrix material |
Flexural Strength | 32–200 MPa | unitary graphene matrix material |
Rockwell Hardness R Scale | 60–80 HRR | unitary graphene matrix material |
Mosaic Spread | 0.4–0.7 | unitary graphene matrix material |
graphite single crystal basal plane (background reference) | ≤ 1800 W/mK | — |
Temperature | 1250–2000 °C | — |
Temperature | 500–1250 °C | — |
Duration | 15–120 s | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Temperature | 700–2800 °C | — |
Duration | 0.2–1 hour | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
— | 237–582 W | — |
— | 983–1807 W | — |
— | 800–1800 W | — |
Pressure | 22–43 MPa | — |
Thickness | 0.6–1 nm | — |
— | 1400–1500 W | — |
Duration | 1–4 hours | — |
Duration | 1–2 hours | — |
Duration | 0.5–2 hours | — |
Temperature | 800–1050 °C | — |
— | 140–300 W | — |
— | 10–30 W | — |
Temperature | 0–60 °C | — |
Duration | 1–3 hours | — |
Temperature | 3000–3250 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–500 °C | — |
Pressure | 40–140 MPa | — |
Temperature | 2500–3000 °C | — |
Temperature | 2800–3200 °C | — |
— | 1600–1700 W | — |
Temperature | 1000–1500 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.344 nm | — |
Temperature | ≤ 2000 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 nm | — |
— | ≤ 500 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 500 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
— | ≤ 0.1 ev | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.4 nm | — |
— | ≤ 1 W | — |
— | ≤ 237 W | — |
— | ≤ 800 W | — |
— | ≤ 600 W | — |
Pressure | ≤ 20 MPa | — |
— | ≥ 1680 W | — |
— | ≥ 1800 W | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 500 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 1250 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2000 °C | — |
— | ≥ 800 W | — |
— | ≥ 1 W | — |
— | ≥ 1700 W | — |
— | ≥ 600 W | — |
Pressure | ≥ 40 MPa | — |
Pressure | ≥ 80 MPa | — |
Pressure | ≥ 120 MPa | — |
Thickness | ≥ 0.4 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 1 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2500 °C | — |
— | ≥ 420 W | — |
— | ≥ 950 W | — |
Pressure | ≥ 1 MPa | — |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.337 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.4–1 nm | — |
— | 100–450 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 cm | — |
— | ≤ 300 W | — |
Thickness | ≥ 0.344 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 cm | — |
— | ≥ 1500 W | — |
Pressure | ≥ 150 MPa | — |
carbon filler/reinforcement phase
surface coating with high emissivity
surface coating selected from aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum nitride, titanium oxide, boron nitride, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, gallium nitride
metal or ceramic nanoparticles surface coating
graphene oxide gel
FIG. 3(c) Schematic drawing and an attendant SEM image to illustrate the formation process of a unitary graphene entity or graphene single crystal that is …
Oxygen Content | 0.001–10 % | unitary graphene matrix material |
Degree Of Graphitization | 1–100 % | unitary graphene matrix material |
Thermal Conductivity | 600–1800 W/mK | unitary graphene matrix material |
Porosity | 0–5 % | unitary graphene matrix material |
Electrical Conductivity | 1500–25000 S/cm | unitary graphene matrix material |
Tensile Strength | 32–200 MPa | unitary graphene matrix material |
Flexural Strength | 32–200 MPa | unitary graphene matrix material |
Rockwell Hardness R Scale | 60–80 HRR | unitary graphene matrix material |
Mosaic Spread | 0.4–0.7 | unitary graphene matrix material |
graphite single crystal basal plane (background reference) | ≤ 1800 W/mK | — |
Temperature | 1250–2000 °C | — |
Temperature | 500–1250 °C | — |
Duration | 15–120 s | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Temperature | 700–2800 °C | — |
Duration | 0.2–1 hour | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
— | 237–582 W | — |
— | 983–1807 W | — |
— | 800–1800 W | — |
Pressure | 22–43 MPa | — |
Thickness | 0.6–1 nm | — |
— | 1400–1500 W | — |
Duration | 1–4 hours | — |
Duration | 1–2 hours | — |
Duration | 0.5–2 hours | — |
Temperature | 800–1050 °C | — |
— | 140–300 W | — |
— | 10–30 W | — |
Temperature | 0–60 °C | — |
Duration | 1–3 hours | — |
Temperature | 3000–3250 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–500 °C | — |
Pressure | 40–140 MPa | — |
Temperature | 2500–3000 °C | — |
Temperature | 2800–3200 °C | — |
— | 1600–1700 W | — |
Temperature | 1000–1500 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.344 nm | — |
Temperature | ≤ 2000 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 nm | — |
— | ≤ 500 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 500 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
— | ≤ 0.1 ev | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.4 nm | — |
— | ≤ 1 W | — |
— | ≤ 237 W | — |
— | ≤ 800 W | — |
— | ≤ 600 W | — |
Pressure | ≤ 20 MPa | — |
— | ≥ 1680 W | — |
— | ≥ 1800 W | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 500 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 1250 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2000 °C | — |
— | ≥ 800 W | — |
— | ≥ 1 W | — |
— | ≥ 1700 W | — |
— | ≥ 600 W | — |
Pressure | ≥ 40 MPa | — |
Pressure | ≥ 80 MPa | — |
Pressure | ≥ 120 MPa | — |
Thickness | ≥ 0.4 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 1 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2500 °C | — |
— | ≥ 420 W | — |
— | ≥ 950 W | — |
Pressure | ≥ 1 MPa | — |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.337 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.4–1 nm | — |
— | 100–450 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 cm | — |
— | ≤ 300 W | — |
Thickness | ≥ 0.344 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 cm | — |
— | ≥ 1500 W | — |
Pressure | ≥ 150 MPa | — |
carbon filler/reinforcement phase
surface coating with high emissivity
surface coating selected from aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum nitride, titanium oxide, boron nitride, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, gallium nitride
metal or ceramic nanoparticles surface coating
graphene oxide gel
FIG. 3(c) Schematic drawing and an attendant SEM image to illustrate the formation process of a unitary graphene entity or graphene single crystal that is …
Oxygen Content | 0.001–10 % | unitary graphene matrix material |
Degree Of Graphitization | 1–100 % | unitary graphene matrix material |
Thermal Conductivity | 600–1800 W/mK | unitary graphene matrix material |
Porosity | 0–5 % | unitary graphene matrix material |
Electrical Conductivity | 1500–25000 S/cm | unitary graphene matrix material |
Tensile Strength | 32–200 MPa | unitary graphene matrix material |
Flexural Strength | 32–200 MPa | unitary graphene matrix material |
Rockwell Hardness R Scale | 60–80 HRR | unitary graphene matrix material |
Mosaic Spread | 0.4–0.7 | unitary graphene matrix material |
graphite single crystal basal plane (background reference) | ≤ 1800 W/mK | — |
Temperature | 1250–2000 °C | — |
Temperature | 500–1250 °C | — |
Duration | 15–120 s | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Temperature | 700–2800 °C | — |
Duration | 0.2–1 hour | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
— | 237–582 W | — |
— | 983–1807 W | — |
— | 800–1800 W | — |
Pressure | 22–43 MPa | — |
Thickness | 0.6–1 nm | — |
— | 1400–1500 W | — |
Duration | 1–4 hours | — |
Duration | 1–2 hours | — |
Duration | 0.5–2 hours | — |
Temperature | 800–1050 °C | — |
— | 140–300 W | — |
— | 10–30 W | — |
Temperature | 0–60 °C | — |
Duration | 1–3 hours | — |
Temperature | 3000–3250 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–500 °C | — |
Pressure | 40–140 MPa | — |
Temperature | 2500–3000 °C | — |
Temperature | 2800–3200 °C | — |
— | 1600–1700 W | — |
Temperature | 1000–1500 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.344 nm | — |
Temperature | ≤ 2000 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 nm | — |
— | ≤ 500 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 500 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
— | ≤ 0.1 ev | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.4 nm | — |
— | ≤ 1 W | — |
— | ≤ 237 W | — |
— | ≤ 800 W | — |
— | ≤ 600 W | — |
Pressure | ≤ 20 MPa | — |
— | ≥ 1680 W | — |
— | ≥ 1800 W | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 500 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 1250 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2000 °C | — |
— | ≥ 800 W | — |
— | ≥ 1 W | — |
— | ≥ 1700 W | — |
— | ≥ 600 W | — |
Pressure | ≥ 40 MPa | — |
Pressure | ≥ 80 MPa | — |
Pressure | ≥ 120 MPa | — |
Thickness | ≥ 0.4 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 1 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2500 °C | — |
— | ≥ 420 W | — |
— | ≥ 950 W | — |
Pressure | ≥ 1 MPa | — |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.337 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.4–1 nm | — |
— | 100–450 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 cm | — |
— | ≤ 300 W | — |
Thickness | ≥ 0.344 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 cm | — |
— | ≥ 1500 W | — |
Pressure | ≥ 150 MPa | — |