Patent
US 10,894,397PROCESS FOR PRODUCING GRAPHENE FOAM LAMINATE-BASED SEALING MATERIALS
Yi-jun Lin
US
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Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,894,397Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1(A) Schematic drawing illustrating the processes for producing conventional paper, mat, film, and membrane of simply aggregated graphite flakes or NGP …
FIG. 2 Schematic of some cross-sectional view of a presently invented 3-layer laminate according to some embodiments of the instant invention.
FIG. 3 A possible mechanism of chemical linking between graphene oxide sheets, which mechanism effectively increases the graphene sheet lateral dimensions and …
FIG. 4(C) Electrical conductivity data for the GO suspension-derived foam produced by the presently invented process and hydrothermally reduced GO graphene …
FIG. 5(A) Thermal conductivity values (vs. specific gravity values up to 1.02 g/cm 3) of the GO suspension-derived foam, mesophase pitch-derived graphite foam, …
FIG. 6 Thermal conductivity values of graphene foam samples derived from GO and GF (graphene fluoride) as a function of the specific gravity.
FIG. 7 Thermal conductivity values of graphene foam samples derived from GO and pristine graphene as a function of the final (maximum) heat treatment …
FIG. 8(A) Inter-graphene plane spacing in graphene foam walls as measured by X-ray diffraction;
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A process for producing a graphene foam laminate, said process comprising (a) providing a layer of graphene foam; and (b) laminating said layer of graphene foam with one layer of permeation-resistant polymer to form a two-layer laminate or with two layers of permeation-resistant polymer to form a three-layer laminate wherein said graphene foam layer is sandwiched between said two permeation-resistant polymer layers. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said step (a) comprises: (A) preparing a graphene dispersion having multiple sheets of a graphene material dispersed in a liquid medium, wherein said graphene material is selected from the group consisting of pristine graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, and combinations thereof, having a non-carbon element content of substantially 0% to 50% by weight, and wherein said dispersion contains a blowing agent having a blowing agent-to-graphene material weight ratio from 0/1.0 to 1.0/1.0; (B) dispensing and depositing said graphene dispersion to form one or a plurality of wet graphene layers and partially or completely removing said liquid medium from said wet graphene layers to form one or a plurality of dried graphene layers; and (C) heat treating the one or a plurality of dried graphene layers at a first heat treatment temperature from 50 ° C to 3,200 ° C at a desired heating rate sufficient to induce volatile gas molecules from said non-carbon elements or to activate said blowing agent for producing one or a plurality of solid graphene foam shapes having a density from 0.01 to 1.7 g/cm 3 or a specific surface area from 50 to 2,600 m 2/g. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said permeation-resistant polymer contains a polymer selected from a thermoplastic resin, thermoset resin, rubber, thermoplastic elastomer, semiinterpenetrating network, simultaneous penetrating network, or a combination thereof. Original
The process of claim 1, further comprising a step of shaping said laminate into an O -ring or a gasket. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said layer of graphene foam has a density from 0.1 to 1.5 g/cm 3. Original
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
two-layer graphene foam laminate
three-layer graphene foam laminate (sandwich)
O-ring or gasket
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene foam
permeation-resistant polymer
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1(A) Schematic drawing illustrating the processes for producing conventional paper, mat, film, and membrane of simply aggregated graphite flakes or NGP …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Density | 0.01–1.7 | graphene foam |
Specific Surface Area | 50–2600 |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,894,397Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1(A) Schematic drawing illustrating the processes for producing conventional paper, mat, film, and membrane of simply aggregated graphite flakes or NGP …
FIG. 2 Schematic of some cross-sectional view of a presently invented 3-layer laminate according to some embodiments of the instant invention.
FIG. 3 A possible mechanism of chemical linking between graphene oxide sheets, which mechanism effectively increases the graphene sheet lateral dimensions and …
FIG. 4(C) Electrical conductivity data for the GO suspension-derived foam produced by the presently invented process and hydrothermally reduced GO graphene …
FIG. 5(A) Thermal conductivity values (vs. specific gravity values up to 1.02 g/cm 3) of the GO suspension-derived foam, mesophase pitch-derived graphite foam, …
FIG. 6 Thermal conductivity values of graphene foam samples derived from GO and GF (graphene fluoride) as a function of the specific gravity.
FIG. 7 Thermal conductivity values of graphene foam samples derived from GO and pristine graphene as a function of the final (maximum) heat treatment …
FIG. 8(A) Inter-graphene plane spacing in graphene foam walls as measured by X-ray diffraction;
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A process for producing a graphene foam laminate, said process comprising (a) providing a layer of graphene foam; and (b) laminating said layer of graphene foam with one layer of permeation-resistant polymer to form a two-layer laminate or with two layers of permeation-resistant polymer to form a three-layer laminate wherein said graphene foam layer is sandwiched between said two permeation-resistant polymer layers. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said step (a) comprises: (A) preparing a graphene dispersion having multiple sheets of a graphene material dispersed in a liquid medium, wherein said graphene material is selected from the group consisting of pristine graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, and combinations thereof, having a non-carbon element content of substantially 0% to 50% by weight, and wherein said dispersion contains a blowing agent having a blowing agent-to-graphene material weight ratio from 0/1.0 to 1.0/1.0; (B) dispensing and depositing said graphene dispersion to form one or a plurality of wet graphene layers and partially or completely removing said liquid medium from said wet graphene layers to form one or a plurality of dried graphene layers; and (C) heat treating the one or a plurality of dried graphene layers at a first heat treatment temperature from 50 ° C to 3,200 ° C at a desired heating rate sufficient to induce volatile gas molecules from said non-carbon elements or to activate said blowing agent for producing one or a plurality of solid graphene foam shapes having a density from 0.01 to 1.7 g/cm 3 or a specific surface area from 50 to 2,600 m 2/g. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said permeation-resistant polymer contains a polymer selected from a thermoplastic resin, thermoset resin, rubber, thermoplastic elastomer, semiinterpenetrating network, simultaneous penetrating network, or a combination thereof. Original
The process of claim 1, further comprising a step of shaping said laminate into an O -ring or a gasket. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said layer of graphene foam has a density from 0.1 to 1.5 g/cm 3. Original
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
two-layer graphene foam laminate
three-layer graphene foam laminate (sandwich)
O-ring or gasket
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene foam
permeation-resistant polymer
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1(A) Schematic drawing illustrating the processes for producing conventional paper, mat, film, and membrane of simply aggregated graphite flakes or NGP …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Density | 0.01–1.7 | graphene foam |
Specific Surface Area | 50–2600 |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,894,397Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1(A) Schematic drawing illustrating the processes for producing conventional paper, mat, film, and membrane of simply aggregated graphite flakes or NGP …
FIG. 2 Schematic of some cross-sectional view of a presently invented 3-layer laminate according to some embodiments of the instant invention.
FIG. 3 A possible mechanism of chemical linking between graphene oxide sheets, which mechanism effectively increases the graphene sheet lateral dimensions and …
FIG. 4(C) Electrical conductivity data for the GO suspension-derived foam produced by the presently invented process and hydrothermally reduced GO graphene …
FIG. 5(A) Thermal conductivity values (vs. specific gravity values up to 1.02 g/cm 3) of the GO suspension-derived foam, mesophase pitch-derived graphite foam, …
FIG. 6 Thermal conductivity values of graphene foam samples derived from GO and GF (graphene fluoride) as a function of the specific gravity.
FIG. 7 Thermal conductivity values of graphene foam samples derived from GO and pristine graphene as a function of the final (maximum) heat treatment …
FIG. 8(A) Inter-graphene plane spacing in graphene foam walls as measured by X-ray diffraction;
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A process for producing a graphene foam laminate, said process comprising (a) providing a layer of graphene foam; and (b) laminating said layer of graphene foam with one layer of permeation-resistant polymer to form a two-layer laminate or with two layers of permeation-resistant polymer to form a three-layer laminate wherein said graphene foam layer is sandwiched between said two permeation-resistant polymer layers. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said step (a) comprises: (A) preparing a graphene dispersion having multiple sheets of a graphene material dispersed in a liquid medium, wherein said graphene material is selected from the group consisting of pristine graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, and combinations thereof, having a non-carbon element content of substantially 0% to 50% by weight, and wherein said dispersion contains a blowing agent having a blowing agent-to-graphene material weight ratio from 0/1.0 to 1.0/1.0; (B) dispensing and depositing said graphene dispersion to form one or a plurality of wet graphene layers and partially or completely removing said liquid medium from said wet graphene layers to form one or a plurality of dried graphene layers; and (C) heat treating the one or a plurality of dried graphene layers at a first heat treatment temperature from 50 ° C to 3,200 ° C at a desired heating rate sufficient to induce volatile gas molecules from said non-carbon elements or to activate said blowing agent for producing one or a plurality of solid graphene foam shapes having a density from 0.01 to 1.7 g/cm 3 or a specific surface area from 50 to 2,600 m 2/g. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said permeation-resistant polymer contains a polymer selected from a thermoplastic resin, thermoset resin, rubber, thermoplastic elastomer, semiinterpenetrating network, simultaneous penetrating network, or a combination thereof. Original
The process of claim 1, further comprising a step of shaping said laminate into an O -ring or a gasket. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said layer of graphene foam has a density from 0.1 to 1.5 g/cm 3. Original
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
two-layer graphene foam laminate
three-layer graphene foam laminate (sandwich)
O-ring or gasket
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene foam
permeation-resistant polymer
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1(A) Schematic drawing illustrating the processes for producing conventional paper, mat, film, and membrane of simply aggregated graphite flakes or NGP …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Density | 0.01–1.7 | graphene foam |
Specific Surface Area | 50–2600 |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,894,397Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1(A) Schematic drawing illustrating the processes for producing conventional paper, mat, film, and membrane of simply aggregated graphite flakes or NGP …
FIG. 2 Schematic of some cross-sectional view of a presently invented 3-layer laminate according to some embodiments of the instant invention.
FIG. 3 A possible mechanism of chemical linking between graphene oxide sheets, which mechanism effectively increases the graphene sheet lateral dimensions and …
FIG. 4(C) Electrical conductivity data for the GO suspension-derived foam produced by the presently invented process and hydrothermally reduced GO graphene …
FIG. 5(A) Thermal conductivity values (vs. specific gravity values up to 1.02 g/cm 3) of the GO suspension-derived foam, mesophase pitch-derived graphite foam, …
FIG. 6 Thermal conductivity values of graphene foam samples derived from GO and GF (graphene fluoride) as a function of the specific gravity.
FIG. 7 Thermal conductivity values of graphene foam samples derived from GO and pristine graphene as a function of the final (maximum) heat treatment …
FIG. 8(A) Inter-graphene plane spacing in graphene foam walls as measured by X-ray diffraction;
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A process for producing a graphene foam laminate, said process comprising (a) providing a layer of graphene foam; and (b) laminating said layer of graphene foam with one layer of permeation-resistant polymer to form a two-layer laminate or with two layers of permeation-resistant polymer to form a three-layer laminate wherein said graphene foam layer is sandwiched between said two permeation-resistant polymer layers. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said step (a) comprises: (A) preparing a graphene dispersion having multiple sheets of a graphene material dispersed in a liquid medium, wherein said graphene material is selected from the group consisting of pristine graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, and combinations thereof, having a non-carbon element content of substantially 0% to 50% by weight, and wherein said dispersion contains a blowing agent having a blowing agent-to-graphene material weight ratio from 0/1.0 to 1.0/1.0; (B) dispensing and depositing said graphene dispersion to form one or a plurality of wet graphene layers and partially or completely removing said liquid medium from said wet graphene layers to form one or a plurality of dried graphene layers; and (C) heat treating the one or a plurality of dried graphene layers at a first heat treatment temperature from 50 ° C to 3,200 ° C at a desired heating rate sufficient to induce volatile gas molecules from said non-carbon elements or to activate said blowing agent for producing one or a plurality of solid graphene foam shapes having a density from 0.01 to 1.7 g/cm 3 or a specific surface area from 50 to 2,600 m 2/g. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said permeation-resistant polymer contains a polymer selected from a thermoplastic resin, thermoset resin, rubber, thermoplastic elastomer, semiinterpenetrating network, simultaneous penetrating network, or a combination thereof. Original
The process of claim 1, further comprising a step of shaping said laminate into an O -ring or a gasket. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said layer of graphene foam has a density from 0.1 to 1.5 g/cm 3. Original
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
two-layer graphene foam laminate
three-layer graphene foam laminate (sandwich)
O-ring or gasket
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene foam
permeation-resistant polymer
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1(A) Schematic drawing illustrating the processes for producing conventional paper, mat, film, and membrane of simply aggregated graphite flakes or NGP …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Density | 0.01–1.7 | graphene foam |
Specific Surface Area | 50–2600 |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
No layer stack recorded.
pristine graphene
graphene oxide
reduced graphene oxide
graphene fluoride
graphene chloride
graphene bromide
graphene iodide
hydrogenated graphene
nitrogenated graphene
FIG. 4(C) Electrical conductivity data for the GO suspension-derived foam produced by the presently invented process and hydrothermally reduced GO graphene …
durability, and good thermal conductivity (for fast heat dissipation). The 3D network of interconnected graphene sheets or planes provides the needed high elasticity, high strength, high thermal conductivity, high yield strength, and improved thermal stability
inter-plane spacing d002 | 0.3354–0.36 | graphene foam |
thermal conductivity per unit specific gravity (300-1500°C treatment) | ≥ 250 | graphene foam |
electrical conductivity per unit specific gravity (300-1500°C treatment) | ≥ 2500 | graphene foam |
thermal conductivity per unit specific gravity (1500-2100°C treatment) | ≥ 300 | graphene foam |
electrical conductivity per unit specific gravity (1500-2100°C treatment) | ≥ 3000 | graphene foam |
thermal conductivity per unit specific gravity (>2100°C treatment) | ≥ 350 | graphene foam |
electrical conductivity per unit specific gravity (>2100°C treatment) | ≥ 3500 | graphene foam |
Temperature | 1500–2500 °C | — |
Thickness | 100–100000000 nm | — |
Thickness | 10–10000000 nm | — |
Duration | 30–120 s | — |
Temperature | 80–300 °C | — |
Duration | 15–120 s | — |
Thickness | 1–10 mm | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Thickness | 0.1–50 mm | — |
Temperature | 50–1500 °C | — |
Duration | 0.2–1 hour | — |
Temperature | 130–230 °C | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 hours | — |
Duration | 48–72 hours | — |
— | 250–500 W | — |
Thickness | 0.6–1.1 nm | — |
Temperature | 800–1000 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–400 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–250 °C | — |
Temperature | 80–1500 °C | — |
Thickness | 0.6–1.2 nm | — |
Duration | 1–4 hours | — |
Duration | 1–2 hours | — |
Duration | 0.5–2 hours | — |
Temperature | 800–1050 °C | — |
Temperature | 180–300 °C | — |
Duration | 12–36 hours | — |
Duration | 5–16 hours | — |
Temperature | 80–350 °C | — |
Duration | 1–8 hours | — |
Temperature | 1500–2850 °C | — |
Duration | 48–96 hours | — |
Duration | 10–100 minutes | — |
Temperature | 80–500 °C | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Duration | 1–10 hours | — |
Thickness | 2–50 nm | — |
Temperature | 200–350 °C | — |
Temperature | 3000–3250 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 nm | — |
Temperature | ≤ 2500 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.344 nm | — |
Pressure | ≤ 1 torr | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.4 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2100 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2500 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 80 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 300 °C | — |
— | ≥ 350 W | — |
— | ≥ 400 W | — |
Thickness | ≥ 20 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
Duration | ≥ 15 minutes | — |
Temperature | 50–3200 °C | — |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.36 nm | — |
Temperature | 300–1500 °C | — |
Temperature | 1500–2100 °C | — |
Temperature | 2100–3200 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.35 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.34 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.336 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.337 nm | — |
— | ≥ 250 W | — |
— | ≥ 300 W | — |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.4 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.337–0.4 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–200 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–40 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–30 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–25 nm | — |
Temperature | 1500–3200 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 20 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 40 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 500 nm | — |
Duration | ≥ 1 hour | — |
— | ≥ 150 W | — |
— | ≥ 200 W | — |
No layer stack recorded.
pristine graphene
graphene oxide
reduced graphene oxide
graphene fluoride
graphene chloride
graphene bromide
graphene iodide
hydrogenated graphene
nitrogenated graphene
FIG. 4(C) Electrical conductivity data for the GO suspension-derived foam produced by the presently invented process and hydrothermally reduced GO graphene …
durability, and good thermal conductivity (for fast heat dissipation). The 3D network of interconnected graphene sheets or planes provides the needed high elasticity, high strength, high thermal conductivity, high yield strength, and improved thermal stability
inter-plane spacing d002 | 0.3354–0.36 | graphene foam |
thermal conductivity per unit specific gravity (300-1500°C treatment) | ≥ 250 | graphene foam |
electrical conductivity per unit specific gravity (300-1500°C treatment) | ≥ 2500 | graphene foam |
thermal conductivity per unit specific gravity (1500-2100°C treatment) | ≥ 300 | graphene foam |
electrical conductivity per unit specific gravity (1500-2100°C treatment) | ≥ 3000 | graphene foam |
thermal conductivity per unit specific gravity (>2100°C treatment) | ≥ 350 | graphene foam |
electrical conductivity per unit specific gravity (>2100°C treatment) | ≥ 3500 | graphene foam |
Temperature | 1500–2500 °C | — |
Thickness | 100–100000000 nm | — |
Thickness | 10–10000000 nm | — |
Duration | 30–120 s | — |
Temperature | 80–300 °C | — |
Duration | 15–120 s | — |
Thickness | 1–10 mm | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Thickness | 0.1–50 mm | — |
Temperature | 50–1500 °C | — |
Duration | 0.2–1 hour | — |
Temperature | 130–230 °C | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 hours | — |
Duration | 48–72 hours | — |
— | 250–500 W | — |
Thickness | 0.6–1.1 nm | — |
Temperature | 800–1000 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–400 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–250 °C | — |
Temperature | 80–1500 °C | — |
Thickness | 0.6–1.2 nm | — |
Duration | 1–4 hours | — |
Duration | 1–2 hours | — |
Duration | 0.5–2 hours | — |
Temperature | 800–1050 °C | — |
Temperature | 180–300 °C | — |
Duration | 12–36 hours | — |
Duration | 5–16 hours | — |
Temperature | 80–350 °C | — |
Duration | 1–8 hours | — |
Temperature | 1500–2850 °C | — |
Duration | 48–96 hours | — |
Duration | 10–100 minutes | — |
Temperature | 80–500 °C | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Duration | 1–10 hours | — |
Thickness | 2–50 nm | — |
Temperature | 200–350 °C | — |
Temperature | 3000–3250 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 nm | — |
Temperature | ≤ 2500 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.344 nm | — |
Pressure | ≤ 1 torr | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.4 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2100 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2500 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 80 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 300 °C | — |
— | ≥ 350 W | — |
— | ≥ 400 W | — |
Thickness | ≥ 20 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
Duration | ≥ 15 minutes | — |
Temperature | 50–3200 °C | — |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.36 nm | — |
Temperature | 300–1500 °C | — |
Temperature | 1500–2100 °C | — |
Temperature | 2100–3200 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.35 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.34 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.336 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.337 nm | — |
— | ≥ 250 W | — |
— | ≥ 300 W | — |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.4 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.337–0.4 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–200 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–40 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–30 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–25 nm | — |
Temperature | 1500–3200 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 20 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 40 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 500 nm | — |
Duration | ≥ 1 hour | — |
— | ≥ 150 W | — |
— | ≥ 200 W | — |
No layer stack recorded.
pristine graphene
graphene oxide
reduced graphene oxide
graphene fluoride
graphene chloride
graphene bromide
graphene iodide
hydrogenated graphene
nitrogenated graphene
FIG. 4(C) Electrical conductivity data for the GO suspension-derived foam produced by the presently invented process and hydrothermally reduced GO graphene …
durability, and good thermal conductivity (for fast heat dissipation). The 3D network of interconnected graphene sheets or planes provides the needed high elasticity, high strength, high thermal conductivity, high yield strength, and improved thermal stability
inter-plane spacing d002 | 0.3354–0.36 | graphene foam |
thermal conductivity per unit specific gravity (300-1500°C treatment) | ≥ 250 | graphene foam |
electrical conductivity per unit specific gravity (300-1500°C treatment) | ≥ 2500 | graphene foam |
thermal conductivity per unit specific gravity (1500-2100°C treatment) | ≥ 300 | graphene foam |
electrical conductivity per unit specific gravity (1500-2100°C treatment) | ≥ 3000 | graphene foam |
thermal conductivity per unit specific gravity (>2100°C treatment) | ≥ 350 | graphene foam |
electrical conductivity per unit specific gravity (>2100°C treatment) | ≥ 3500 | graphene foam |
Temperature | 1500–2500 °C | — |
Thickness | 100–100000000 nm | — |
Thickness | 10–10000000 nm | — |
Duration | 30–120 s | — |
Temperature | 80–300 °C | — |
Duration | 15–120 s | — |
Thickness | 1–10 mm | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Thickness | 0.1–50 mm | — |
Temperature | 50–1500 °C | — |
Duration | 0.2–1 hour | — |
Temperature | 130–230 °C | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 hours | — |
Duration | 48–72 hours | — |
— | 250–500 W | — |
Thickness | 0.6–1.1 nm | — |
Temperature | 800–1000 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–400 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–250 °C | — |
Temperature | 80–1500 °C | — |
Thickness | 0.6–1.2 nm | — |
Duration | 1–4 hours | — |
Duration | 1–2 hours | — |
Duration | 0.5–2 hours | — |
Temperature | 800–1050 °C | — |
Temperature | 180–300 °C | — |
Duration | 12–36 hours | — |
Duration | 5–16 hours | — |
Temperature | 80–350 °C | — |
Duration | 1–8 hours | — |
Temperature | 1500–2850 °C | — |
Duration | 48–96 hours | — |
Duration | 10–100 minutes | — |
Temperature | 80–500 °C | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Duration | 1–10 hours | — |
Thickness | 2–50 nm | — |
Temperature | 200–350 °C | — |
Temperature | 3000–3250 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 nm | — |
Temperature | ≤ 2500 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.344 nm | — |
Pressure | ≤ 1 torr | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.4 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2100 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2500 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 80 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 300 °C | — |
— | ≥ 350 W | — |
— | ≥ 400 W | — |
Thickness | ≥ 20 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
Duration | ≥ 15 minutes | — |
Temperature | 50–3200 °C | — |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.36 nm | — |
Temperature | 300–1500 °C | — |
Temperature | 1500–2100 °C | — |
Temperature | 2100–3200 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.35 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.34 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.336 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.337 nm | — |
— | ≥ 250 W | — |
— | ≥ 300 W | — |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.4 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.337–0.4 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–200 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–40 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–30 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–25 nm | — |
Temperature | 1500–3200 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 20 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 40 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 500 nm | — |
Duration | ≥ 1 hour | — |
— | ≥ 150 W | — |
— | ≥ 200 W | — |
No layer stack recorded.
pristine graphene
graphene oxide
reduced graphene oxide
graphene fluoride
graphene chloride
graphene bromide
graphene iodide
hydrogenated graphene
nitrogenated graphene
FIG. 4(C) Electrical conductivity data for the GO suspension-derived foam produced by the presently invented process and hydrothermally reduced GO graphene …
durability, and good thermal conductivity (for fast heat dissipation). The 3D network of interconnected graphene sheets or planes provides the needed high elasticity, high strength, high thermal conductivity, high yield strength, and improved thermal stability
inter-plane spacing d002 | 0.3354–0.36 | graphene foam |
thermal conductivity per unit specific gravity (300-1500°C treatment) | ≥ 250 | graphene foam |
electrical conductivity per unit specific gravity (300-1500°C treatment) | ≥ 2500 | graphene foam |
thermal conductivity per unit specific gravity (1500-2100°C treatment) | ≥ 300 | graphene foam |
electrical conductivity per unit specific gravity (1500-2100°C treatment) | ≥ 3000 | graphene foam |
thermal conductivity per unit specific gravity (>2100°C treatment) | ≥ 350 | graphene foam |
electrical conductivity per unit specific gravity (>2100°C treatment) | ≥ 3500 | graphene foam |
Temperature | 1500–2500 °C | — |
Thickness | 100–100000000 nm | — |
Thickness | 10–10000000 nm | — |
Duration | 30–120 s | — |
Temperature | 80–300 °C | — |
Duration | 15–120 s | — |
Thickness | 1–10 mm | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Thickness | 0.1–50 mm | — |
Temperature | 50–1500 °C | — |
Duration | 0.2–1 hour | — |
Temperature | 130–230 °C | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 hours | — |
Duration | 48–72 hours | — |
— | 250–500 W | — |
Thickness | 0.6–1.1 nm | — |
Temperature | 800–1000 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–400 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–250 °C | — |
Temperature | 80–1500 °C | — |
Thickness | 0.6–1.2 nm | — |
Duration | 1–4 hours | — |
Duration | 1–2 hours | — |
Duration | 0.5–2 hours | — |
Temperature | 800–1050 °C | — |
Temperature | 180–300 °C | — |
Duration | 12–36 hours | — |
Duration | 5–16 hours | — |
Temperature | 80–350 °C | — |
Duration | 1–8 hours | — |
Temperature | 1500–2850 °C | — |
Duration | 48–96 hours | — |
Duration | 10–100 minutes | — |
Temperature | 80–500 °C | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Duration | 1–10 hours | — |
Thickness | 2–50 nm | — |
Temperature | 200–350 °C | — |
Temperature | 3000–3250 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 nm | — |
Temperature | ≤ 2500 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.344 nm | — |
Pressure | ≤ 1 torr | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.4 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2100 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2500 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 80 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 300 °C | — |
— | ≥ 350 W | — |
— | ≥ 400 W | — |
Thickness | ≥ 20 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
Duration | ≥ 15 minutes | — |
Temperature | 50–3200 °C | — |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.36 nm | — |
Temperature | 300–1500 °C | — |
Temperature | 1500–2100 °C | — |
Temperature | 2100–3200 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.35 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.34 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.336 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.337 nm | — |
— | ≥ 250 W | — |
— | ≥ 300 W | — |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.4 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.337–0.4 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–200 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–40 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–30 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–25 nm | — |
Temperature | 1500–3200 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 20 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 40 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 500 nm | — |
Duration | ≥ 1 hour | — |
— | ≥ 150 W | — |
— | ≥ 200 W | — |