Patent
US 10,748,672Highly Conductive Graphene Foams and Process for Producing Same
Aruna Zhamu, Bor Z. Jang
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,748,672Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 (B) (schematic drawing). The presence of chemical species or functional groups in the interstitial spaces 25 between graphene planes serves to increase …
FIG. 2. In Route l A, these graphite worms (exfoliated graphite or "networks of interconnected/15 non- separated graphite flakes") can be re-compressed to …
FIG. 3 is a plausible chemical linking mechanism where only 2 aligned GO molecules are shown as an example, although a large number of GO molecules can be …
FIG. 4(C) are also consistent with this conclusion. These data further support the notion that, given the same amount of solid material, 25 the presently …
FIG. 5(A) are the thermal conductivity values vs. specific gravity of the GO suspension-derived foam, meso-phase pitch-derived graphite foam, and Ni foam …
FIG.6 presents a comparison in thermal conductivity values of the graphene foam 5 samples derived from GO and GF (graphene fluoride), respectively, as a …
FIG. 7 are thermal conductivity data for a series of GO-derived graphene foams and a series of pristine graphene derived foams, both plotted over the final …
FIG.8 (A) Inter-graphene plane spacing in graphene foam walls as measured by X-ray diffraction; (B) the oxygen content in the GO suspension-derived graphene …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A solid graphene foam composed of multiple pores and pore walls, wherein said pore walls contain a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements, or a nonpristine graphene material having 0.001 % to 5 % by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof, and said solid graphene foam has a density from 0.01 g/cm 3 to 1.7 g/cm 3, a specific surface area from 50 m 2/g to 3,000 m 2/g, a thermal conductivity ° of at least 200 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity ° no less than 2,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-plane spacing d 00 2 from 0.3354 nm to 0.36 nm as measured by X-ray diffraction. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain a pristine graphene and said solid graphene foam has a density from 0.5 g/cm 3 to 1.7 g/cm 3 or an average pore size from 2 nm to 50 nm. Previously presented
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain a non- pristine graphene material selected from the group consisting of graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, and combinations thereof, and wherein said solid graphene foam contains a content of non-carbon elements in the range of 0. 01% to 2. 0% by weight. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain graphene fluoride and said solid graphene foam contains a fluorine content from 0.01 % to 2.0% by weight. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain graphene oxide and said solid graphene foam contains an oxygen content from 0.01 % to 2.0 % by weight. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said solid graphene foam has a specific surface area from 200 m 2/g to 2,000 m 2/g or a density from 0.1 g/cm 3 to 1.5 g/cm 3. Previously presented
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said non-carbon elements include an element selected from oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, nitrogen, hydrogen, or boron. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, which is in a continuous-length roll sheet form having a thickness no greater than 200 p m and a length of at least 2 meters and is produced by a roll-to-roll process. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said graphene foam has an oxygen content or non-carbon content less than 1% by weight, and said pore walls have an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.35 nm, a thermal conductivity ° of at least 250 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity ° no less than 2,500 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said graphene foam has an oxygen content or non-carbon content less than 0.01 % by weight and said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.34 nm, a thermal conductivity of at least 300 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity ° no less than 3,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said graphene foam has an oxygen content or non-carbon content no greater than 0.01 % by weight and said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.7, a thermal conductivity of at least 350 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity ° no less than 3,500 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein the pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.337 nm and a mosaic spread value less than 1.0. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein the solid graphene foam exhibits a degree of graphitization no less than 80 % and/or a mosaic spread value less than 0.4. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein the solid graphene foam exhibits a degree of graphitization no less than 90 % and/or a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.4. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain a 3D network of interconnected graphene planes. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said solid graphene foam contains mesoscaled pores having a pore size from 2 nm to 50 nm. Previously presented
(Withdrawn, Previously Presented) A process for producing the solid graphene foam of claim 1, said process comprising: (a) preparing a graphene dispersion having multiple sheets of a starting graphene material dispersed in a liquid medium, wherein said starting graphene material is selected from a pristine graphene or a non-pristine graphene material, having a content of noncarbon elements greater than 2 % by weight, selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof and wherein said dispersion contains an optional blowing agent having a blowing agent-to-graphene material weight ratio from 0/1.0 to 1.0/1.0; (b) dispensing and depositing said graphene dispersion onto a surface of a supporting substrate to form a wet layer of graphene material, wherein said dispensing and depositing procedure includes subjecting said graphene dispersion to an orientation- inducing stress; (c) partially or completely removing said liquid medium from the wet layer of graphene material to form a dried layer of graphene material; and (d) heat treating the dried layer of graphene material at a first heat treatment temperature from 80 0 C to 3,200 0 C at a desired heating rate sufficient to induce volatile gas molecules from said non-carbon elements or to activate said blowing agent for producing said sheet of solid graphene foam. Withdrawn
(Withdrawn, Previously Presented) A roll-to-roll process for producing a continuous- length sheet of the solid graphene foam of claim 1, said process comprising: (a) preparing a graphene dispersion having a graphene material dispersed in a liquid medium, wherein said dispersion contains a blowing agent; (b) continuously or intermittently dispensing and depositing said graphene dispersion onto a surface of a supporting substrate to form a wet layer of graphene material, wherein said supporting substrate is a continuous thin film supplied from a feeder roller and collected on a collector roller; (c) partially or completely removing said liquid medium from the wet layer of graphene material to form a dried layer of graphene; and heat treating the dried layer of graphene material at a first heat treatment temperature from 100 0 C to 3,000 0 C at a desired heating rate sufficient to activate said blowing agent for producing said solid graphene foam. Withdrawn
A solid graphene foam composed of multiple pores and pore walls, wherein said pore walls are comprised of stacked graphene planes having an inter- graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.4, and are selected from the group comprising a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements, a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001 % to 5 % by weight of non-carbon elements, and combinations thereof, wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, and combinations thereof, and said solid graphene foam has a density from 0.01 g/cm 3 to 1.7 g/cm 3, a specific surface area from 50 m 2/g to 3,000 m 2/g, a thermal conductivity of at least 400 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and an electrical conductivity as ° no less than 4,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
(Withdrawn, Currently Amended) A process for producing a solid graphene foam composed of multiple pores and pore walls, said process comprising: (a) preparing a graphene dispersion having multiple sheets of a starting graphene material dispersed in a liquid medium, further comprising an optional blowing agent having a blowing agent-to-graphene material weight ratio from 0/1.0 to 1.0/1.0; (b) dispensing and depositing said graphene dispersion onto a surface of a supporting substrate to form a wet layer of graphene material, wherein said dispensing and depositing procedure includes subjecting said graphene dispersion to an orientation- inducing stress; (c) partially or completely removing said liquid medium from the wet layer of graphene material to form a dried layer of graphene material; and (d) heat treating the dried layer of graphene material at a first heat treatment temperature from 80 0 C to 3,200 0 C at a desired heating rate sufficient to induce volatile gas molecules from said non-carbon elements or to activate said blowing agent for producing said sheet of solid graphene foam; (e) and optionally heat treating the dried layer of graphene material at a second heat treatment temperature from 0 C to 3,200 °C; wherein said first and/or second heat treatment temperature contains a temperature no less than 2,500 0 C and wherein said pore walls contain a pristine graphene material having essentially zero percent of non-carbon elements, or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001 % to 5 % by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof, wherein said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, and a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.4, and the solid graphene foam has a density from 0.01 g/cm 3 to 1.7 g/cm 3, a specific surface area from 50 m 2/g to 3,000 m 2/g, a thermal conductivity ° greater than 400 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity ° greater than 4,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
solid graphene foam
Materials described outside the worked examples.
pristine graphene
non-pristine graphene
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 (B) (schematic drawing). The presence of chemical species or functional groups in the interstitial spaces 25 between graphene planes serves to increase …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
inter-plane spacing d002 (claim 2) | 0.3354–0.36 | pristine graphene |
thermal conductivity per unit specific gravity (claim 1) | ≥ 200 |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,748,672Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 (B) (schematic drawing). The presence of chemical species or functional groups in the interstitial spaces 25 between graphene planes serves to increase …
FIG. 2. In Route l A, these graphite worms (exfoliated graphite or "networks of interconnected/15 non- separated graphite flakes") can be re-compressed to …
FIG. 3 is a plausible chemical linking mechanism where only 2 aligned GO molecules are shown as an example, although a large number of GO molecules can be …
FIG. 4(C) are also consistent with this conclusion. These data further support the notion that, given the same amount of solid material, 25 the presently …
FIG. 5(A) are the thermal conductivity values vs. specific gravity of the GO suspension-derived foam, meso-phase pitch-derived graphite foam, and Ni foam …
FIG.6 presents a comparison in thermal conductivity values of the graphene foam 5 samples derived from GO and GF (graphene fluoride), respectively, as a …
FIG. 7 are thermal conductivity data for a series of GO-derived graphene foams and a series of pristine graphene derived foams, both plotted over the final …
FIG.8 (A) Inter-graphene plane spacing in graphene foam walls as measured by X-ray diffraction; (B) the oxygen content in the GO suspension-derived graphene …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A solid graphene foam composed of multiple pores and pore walls, wherein said pore walls contain a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements, or a nonpristine graphene material having 0.001 % to 5 % by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof, and said solid graphene foam has a density from 0.01 g/cm 3 to 1.7 g/cm 3, a specific surface area from 50 m 2/g to 3,000 m 2/g, a thermal conductivity ° of at least 200 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity ° no less than 2,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-plane spacing d 00 2 from 0.3354 nm to 0.36 nm as measured by X-ray diffraction. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain a pristine graphene and said solid graphene foam has a density from 0.5 g/cm 3 to 1.7 g/cm 3 or an average pore size from 2 nm to 50 nm. Previously presented
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain a non- pristine graphene material selected from the group consisting of graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, and combinations thereof, and wherein said solid graphene foam contains a content of non-carbon elements in the range of 0. 01% to 2. 0% by weight. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain graphene fluoride and said solid graphene foam contains a fluorine content from 0.01 % to 2.0% by weight. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain graphene oxide and said solid graphene foam contains an oxygen content from 0.01 % to 2.0 % by weight. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said solid graphene foam has a specific surface area from 200 m 2/g to 2,000 m 2/g or a density from 0.1 g/cm 3 to 1.5 g/cm 3. Previously presented
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said non-carbon elements include an element selected from oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, nitrogen, hydrogen, or boron. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, which is in a continuous-length roll sheet form having a thickness no greater than 200 p m and a length of at least 2 meters and is produced by a roll-to-roll process. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said graphene foam has an oxygen content or non-carbon content less than 1% by weight, and said pore walls have an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.35 nm, a thermal conductivity ° of at least 250 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity ° no less than 2,500 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said graphene foam has an oxygen content or non-carbon content less than 0.01 % by weight and said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.34 nm, a thermal conductivity of at least 300 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity ° no less than 3,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said graphene foam has an oxygen content or non-carbon content no greater than 0.01 % by weight and said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.7, a thermal conductivity of at least 350 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity ° no less than 3,500 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein the pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.337 nm and a mosaic spread value less than 1.0. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein the solid graphene foam exhibits a degree of graphitization no less than 80 % and/or a mosaic spread value less than 0.4. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein the solid graphene foam exhibits a degree of graphitization no less than 90 % and/or a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.4. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain a 3D network of interconnected graphene planes. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said solid graphene foam contains mesoscaled pores having a pore size from 2 nm to 50 nm. Previously presented
(Withdrawn, Previously Presented) A process for producing the solid graphene foam of claim 1, said process comprising: (a) preparing a graphene dispersion having multiple sheets of a starting graphene material dispersed in a liquid medium, wherein said starting graphene material is selected from a pristine graphene or a non-pristine graphene material, having a content of noncarbon elements greater than 2 % by weight, selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof and wherein said dispersion contains an optional blowing agent having a blowing agent-to-graphene material weight ratio from 0/1.0 to 1.0/1.0; (b) dispensing and depositing said graphene dispersion onto a surface of a supporting substrate to form a wet layer of graphene material, wherein said dispensing and depositing procedure includes subjecting said graphene dispersion to an orientation- inducing stress; (c) partially or completely removing said liquid medium from the wet layer of graphene material to form a dried layer of graphene material; and (d) heat treating the dried layer of graphene material at a first heat treatment temperature from 80 0 C to 3,200 0 C at a desired heating rate sufficient to induce volatile gas molecules from said non-carbon elements or to activate said blowing agent for producing said sheet of solid graphene foam. Withdrawn
(Withdrawn, Previously Presented) A roll-to-roll process for producing a continuous- length sheet of the solid graphene foam of claim 1, said process comprising: (a) preparing a graphene dispersion having a graphene material dispersed in a liquid medium, wherein said dispersion contains a blowing agent; (b) continuously or intermittently dispensing and depositing said graphene dispersion onto a surface of a supporting substrate to form a wet layer of graphene material, wherein said supporting substrate is a continuous thin film supplied from a feeder roller and collected on a collector roller; (c) partially or completely removing said liquid medium from the wet layer of graphene material to form a dried layer of graphene; and heat treating the dried layer of graphene material at a first heat treatment temperature from 100 0 C to 3,000 0 C at a desired heating rate sufficient to activate said blowing agent for producing said solid graphene foam. Withdrawn
A solid graphene foam composed of multiple pores and pore walls, wherein said pore walls are comprised of stacked graphene planes having an inter- graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.4, and are selected from the group comprising a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements, a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001 % to 5 % by weight of non-carbon elements, and combinations thereof, wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, and combinations thereof, and said solid graphene foam has a density from 0.01 g/cm 3 to 1.7 g/cm 3, a specific surface area from 50 m 2/g to 3,000 m 2/g, a thermal conductivity of at least 400 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and an electrical conductivity as ° no less than 4,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
(Withdrawn, Currently Amended) A process for producing a solid graphene foam composed of multiple pores and pore walls, said process comprising: (a) preparing a graphene dispersion having multiple sheets of a starting graphene material dispersed in a liquid medium, further comprising an optional blowing agent having a blowing agent-to-graphene material weight ratio from 0/1.0 to 1.0/1.0; (b) dispensing and depositing said graphene dispersion onto a surface of a supporting substrate to form a wet layer of graphene material, wherein said dispensing and depositing procedure includes subjecting said graphene dispersion to an orientation- inducing stress; (c) partially or completely removing said liquid medium from the wet layer of graphene material to form a dried layer of graphene material; and (d) heat treating the dried layer of graphene material at a first heat treatment temperature from 80 0 C to 3,200 0 C at a desired heating rate sufficient to induce volatile gas molecules from said non-carbon elements or to activate said blowing agent for producing said sheet of solid graphene foam; (e) and optionally heat treating the dried layer of graphene material at a second heat treatment temperature from 0 C to 3,200 °C; wherein said first and/or second heat treatment temperature contains a temperature no less than 2,500 0 C and wherein said pore walls contain a pristine graphene material having essentially zero percent of non-carbon elements, or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001 % to 5 % by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof, wherein said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, and a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.4, and the solid graphene foam has a density from 0.01 g/cm 3 to 1.7 g/cm 3, a specific surface area from 50 m 2/g to 3,000 m 2/g, a thermal conductivity ° greater than 400 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity ° greater than 4,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
solid graphene foam
Materials described outside the worked examples.
pristine graphene
non-pristine graphene
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 (B) (schematic drawing). The presence of chemical species or functional groups in the interstitial spaces 25 between graphene planes serves to increase …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
inter-plane spacing d002 (claim 2) | 0.3354–0.36 | pristine graphene |
thermal conductivity per unit specific gravity (claim 1) | ≥ 200 |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,748,672Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 (B) (schematic drawing). The presence of chemical species or functional groups in the interstitial spaces 25 between graphene planes serves to increase …
FIG. 2. In Route l A, these graphite worms (exfoliated graphite or "networks of interconnected/15 non- separated graphite flakes") can be re-compressed to …
FIG. 3 is a plausible chemical linking mechanism where only 2 aligned GO molecules are shown as an example, although a large number of GO molecules can be …
FIG. 4(C) are also consistent with this conclusion. These data further support the notion that, given the same amount of solid material, 25 the presently …
FIG. 5(A) are the thermal conductivity values vs. specific gravity of the GO suspension-derived foam, meso-phase pitch-derived graphite foam, and Ni foam …
FIG.6 presents a comparison in thermal conductivity values of the graphene foam 5 samples derived from GO and GF (graphene fluoride), respectively, as a …
FIG. 7 are thermal conductivity data for a series of GO-derived graphene foams and a series of pristine graphene derived foams, both plotted over the final …
FIG.8 (A) Inter-graphene plane spacing in graphene foam walls as measured by X-ray diffraction; (B) the oxygen content in the GO suspension-derived graphene …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A solid graphene foam composed of multiple pores and pore walls, wherein said pore walls contain a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements, or a nonpristine graphene material having 0.001 % to 5 % by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof, and said solid graphene foam has a density from 0.01 g/cm 3 to 1.7 g/cm 3, a specific surface area from 50 m 2/g to 3,000 m 2/g, a thermal conductivity ° of at least 200 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity ° no less than 2,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-plane spacing d 00 2 from 0.3354 nm to 0.36 nm as measured by X-ray diffraction. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain a pristine graphene and said solid graphene foam has a density from 0.5 g/cm 3 to 1.7 g/cm 3 or an average pore size from 2 nm to 50 nm. Previously presented
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain a non- pristine graphene material selected from the group consisting of graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, and combinations thereof, and wherein said solid graphene foam contains a content of non-carbon elements in the range of 0. 01% to 2. 0% by weight. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain graphene fluoride and said solid graphene foam contains a fluorine content from 0.01 % to 2.0% by weight. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain graphene oxide and said solid graphene foam contains an oxygen content from 0.01 % to 2.0 % by weight. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said solid graphene foam has a specific surface area from 200 m 2/g to 2,000 m 2/g or a density from 0.1 g/cm 3 to 1.5 g/cm 3. Previously presented
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said non-carbon elements include an element selected from oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, nitrogen, hydrogen, or boron. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, which is in a continuous-length roll sheet form having a thickness no greater than 200 p m and a length of at least 2 meters and is produced by a roll-to-roll process. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said graphene foam has an oxygen content or non-carbon content less than 1% by weight, and said pore walls have an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.35 nm, a thermal conductivity ° of at least 250 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity ° no less than 2,500 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said graphene foam has an oxygen content or non-carbon content less than 0.01 % by weight and said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.34 nm, a thermal conductivity of at least 300 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity ° no less than 3,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said graphene foam has an oxygen content or non-carbon content no greater than 0.01 % by weight and said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.7, a thermal conductivity of at least 350 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity ° no less than 3,500 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein the pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.337 nm and a mosaic spread value less than 1.0. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein the solid graphene foam exhibits a degree of graphitization no less than 80 % and/or a mosaic spread value less than 0.4. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein the solid graphene foam exhibits a degree of graphitization no less than 90 % and/or a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.4. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain a 3D network of interconnected graphene planes. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said solid graphene foam contains mesoscaled pores having a pore size from 2 nm to 50 nm. Previously presented
(Withdrawn, Previously Presented) A process for producing the solid graphene foam of claim 1, said process comprising: (a) preparing a graphene dispersion having multiple sheets of a starting graphene material dispersed in a liquid medium, wherein said starting graphene material is selected from a pristine graphene or a non-pristine graphene material, having a content of noncarbon elements greater than 2 % by weight, selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof and wherein said dispersion contains an optional blowing agent having a blowing agent-to-graphene material weight ratio from 0/1.0 to 1.0/1.0; (b) dispensing and depositing said graphene dispersion onto a surface of a supporting substrate to form a wet layer of graphene material, wherein said dispensing and depositing procedure includes subjecting said graphene dispersion to an orientation- inducing stress; (c) partially or completely removing said liquid medium from the wet layer of graphene material to form a dried layer of graphene material; and (d) heat treating the dried layer of graphene material at a first heat treatment temperature from 80 0 C to 3,200 0 C at a desired heating rate sufficient to induce volatile gas molecules from said non-carbon elements or to activate said blowing agent for producing said sheet of solid graphene foam. Withdrawn
(Withdrawn, Previously Presented) A roll-to-roll process for producing a continuous- length sheet of the solid graphene foam of claim 1, said process comprising: (a) preparing a graphene dispersion having a graphene material dispersed in a liquid medium, wherein said dispersion contains a blowing agent; (b) continuously or intermittently dispensing and depositing said graphene dispersion onto a surface of a supporting substrate to form a wet layer of graphene material, wherein said supporting substrate is a continuous thin film supplied from a feeder roller and collected on a collector roller; (c) partially or completely removing said liquid medium from the wet layer of graphene material to form a dried layer of graphene; and heat treating the dried layer of graphene material at a first heat treatment temperature from 100 0 C to 3,000 0 C at a desired heating rate sufficient to activate said blowing agent for producing said solid graphene foam. Withdrawn
A solid graphene foam composed of multiple pores and pore walls, wherein said pore walls are comprised of stacked graphene planes having an inter- graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.4, and are selected from the group comprising a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements, a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001 % to 5 % by weight of non-carbon elements, and combinations thereof, wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, and combinations thereof, and said solid graphene foam has a density from 0.01 g/cm 3 to 1.7 g/cm 3, a specific surface area from 50 m 2/g to 3,000 m 2/g, a thermal conductivity of at least 400 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and an electrical conductivity as ° no less than 4,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
(Withdrawn, Currently Amended) A process for producing a solid graphene foam composed of multiple pores and pore walls, said process comprising: (a) preparing a graphene dispersion having multiple sheets of a starting graphene material dispersed in a liquid medium, further comprising an optional blowing agent having a blowing agent-to-graphene material weight ratio from 0/1.0 to 1.0/1.0; (b) dispensing and depositing said graphene dispersion onto a surface of a supporting substrate to form a wet layer of graphene material, wherein said dispensing and depositing procedure includes subjecting said graphene dispersion to an orientation- inducing stress; (c) partially or completely removing said liquid medium from the wet layer of graphene material to form a dried layer of graphene material; and (d) heat treating the dried layer of graphene material at a first heat treatment temperature from 80 0 C to 3,200 0 C at a desired heating rate sufficient to induce volatile gas molecules from said non-carbon elements or to activate said blowing agent for producing said sheet of solid graphene foam; (e) and optionally heat treating the dried layer of graphene material at a second heat treatment temperature from 0 C to 3,200 °C; wherein said first and/or second heat treatment temperature contains a temperature no less than 2,500 0 C and wherein said pore walls contain a pristine graphene material having essentially zero percent of non-carbon elements, or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001 % to 5 % by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof, wherein said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, and a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.4, and the solid graphene foam has a density from 0.01 g/cm 3 to 1.7 g/cm 3, a specific surface area from 50 m 2/g to 3,000 m 2/g, a thermal conductivity ° greater than 400 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity ° greater than 4,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
solid graphene foam
Materials described outside the worked examples.
pristine graphene
non-pristine graphene
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 (B) (schematic drawing). The presence of chemical species or functional groups in the interstitial spaces 25 between graphene planes serves to increase …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
inter-plane spacing d002 (claim 2) | 0.3354–0.36 | pristine graphene |
thermal conductivity per unit specific gravity (claim 1) | ≥ 200 |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
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US 10,748,672Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 (B) (schematic drawing). The presence of chemical species or functional groups in the interstitial spaces 25 between graphene planes serves to increase …
FIG. 2. In Route l A, these graphite worms (exfoliated graphite or "networks of interconnected/15 non- separated graphite flakes") can be re-compressed to …
FIG. 3 is a plausible chemical linking mechanism where only 2 aligned GO molecules are shown as an example, although a large number of GO molecules can be …
FIG. 4(C) are also consistent with this conclusion. These data further support the notion that, given the same amount of solid material, 25 the presently …
FIG. 5(A) are the thermal conductivity values vs. specific gravity of the GO suspension-derived foam, meso-phase pitch-derived graphite foam, and Ni foam …
FIG.6 presents a comparison in thermal conductivity values of the graphene foam 5 samples derived from GO and GF (graphene fluoride), respectively, as a …
FIG. 7 are thermal conductivity data for a series of GO-derived graphene foams and a series of pristine graphene derived foams, both plotted over the final …
FIG.8 (A) Inter-graphene plane spacing in graphene foam walls as measured by X-ray diffraction; (B) the oxygen content in the GO suspension-derived graphene …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A solid graphene foam composed of multiple pores and pore walls, wherein said pore walls contain a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements, or a nonpristine graphene material having 0.001 % to 5 % by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof, and said solid graphene foam has a density from 0.01 g/cm 3 to 1.7 g/cm 3, a specific surface area from 50 m 2/g to 3,000 m 2/g, a thermal conductivity ° of at least 200 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity ° no less than 2,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-plane spacing d 00 2 from 0.3354 nm to 0.36 nm as measured by X-ray diffraction. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain a pristine graphene and said solid graphene foam has a density from 0.5 g/cm 3 to 1.7 g/cm 3 or an average pore size from 2 nm to 50 nm. Previously presented
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain a non- pristine graphene material selected from the group consisting of graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, and combinations thereof, and wherein said solid graphene foam contains a content of non-carbon elements in the range of 0. 01% to 2. 0% by weight. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain graphene fluoride and said solid graphene foam contains a fluorine content from 0.01 % to 2.0% by weight. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain graphene oxide and said solid graphene foam contains an oxygen content from 0.01 % to 2.0 % by weight. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said solid graphene foam has a specific surface area from 200 m 2/g to 2,000 m 2/g or a density from 0.1 g/cm 3 to 1.5 g/cm 3. Previously presented
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said non-carbon elements include an element selected from oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, nitrogen, hydrogen, or boron. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, which is in a continuous-length roll sheet form having a thickness no greater than 200 p m and a length of at least 2 meters and is produced by a roll-to-roll process. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said graphene foam has an oxygen content or non-carbon content less than 1% by weight, and said pore walls have an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.35 nm, a thermal conductivity ° of at least 250 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity ° no less than 2,500 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said graphene foam has an oxygen content or non-carbon content less than 0.01 % by weight and said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.34 nm, a thermal conductivity of at least 300 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity ° no less than 3,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said graphene foam has an oxygen content or non-carbon content no greater than 0.01 % by weight and said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.7, a thermal conductivity of at least 350 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity ° no less than 3,500 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein the pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.337 nm and a mosaic spread value less than 1.0. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein the solid graphene foam exhibits a degree of graphitization no less than 80 % and/or a mosaic spread value less than 0.4. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein the solid graphene foam exhibits a degree of graphitization no less than 90 % and/or a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.4. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain a 3D network of interconnected graphene planes. Original
The solid graphene foam of claim 1, wherein said solid graphene foam contains mesoscaled pores having a pore size from 2 nm to 50 nm. Previously presented
(Withdrawn, Previously Presented) A process for producing the solid graphene foam of claim 1, said process comprising: (a) preparing a graphene dispersion having multiple sheets of a starting graphene material dispersed in a liquid medium, wherein said starting graphene material is selected from a pristine graphene or a non-pristine graphene material, having a content of noncarbon elements greater than 2 % by weight, selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof and wherein said dispersion contains an optional blowing agent having a blowing agent-to-graphene material weight ratio from 0/1.0 to 1.0/1.0; (b) dispensing and depositing said graphene dispersion onto a surface of a supporting substrate to form a wet layer of graphene material, wherein said dispensing and depositing procedure includes subjecting said graphene dispersion to an orientation- inducing stress; (c) partially or completely removing said liquid medium from the wet layer of graphene material to form a dried layer of graphene material; and (d) heat treating the dried layer of graphene material at a first heat treatment temperature from 80 0 C to 3,200 0 C at a desired heating rate sufficient to induce volatile gas molecules from said non-carbon elements or to activate said blowing agent for producing said sheet of solid graphene foam. Withdrawn
(Withdrawn, Previously Presented) A roll-to-roll process for producing a continuous- length sheet of the solid graphene foam of claim 1, said process comprising: (a) preparing a graphene dispersion having a graphene material dispersed in a liquid medium, wherein said dispersion contains a blowing agent; (b) continuously or intermittently dispensing and depositing said graphene dispersion onto a surface of a supporting substrate to form a wet layer of graphene material, wherein said supporting substrate is a continuous thin film supplied from a feeder roller and collected on a collector roller; (c) partially or completely removing said liquid medium from the wet layer of graphene material to form a dried layer of graphene; and heat treating the dried layer of graphene material at a first heat treatment temperature from 100 0 C to 3,000 0 C at a desired heating rate sufficient to activate said blowing agent for producing said solid graphene foam. Withdrawn
A solid graphene foam composed of multiple pores and pore walls, wherein said pore walls are comprised of stacked graphene planes having an inter- graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.4, and are selected from the group comprising a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements, a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001 % to 5 % by weight of non-carbon elements, and combinations thereof, wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, and combinations thereof, and said solid graphene foam has a density from 0.01 g/cm 3 to 1.7 g/cm 3, a specific surface area from 50 m 2/g to 3,000 m 2/g, a thermal conductivity of at least 400 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and an electrical conductivity as ° no less than 4,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
(Withdrawn, Currently Amended) A process for producing a solid graphene foam composed of multiple pores and pore walls, said process comprising: (a) preparing a graphene dispersion having multiple sheets of a starting graphene material dispersed in a liquid medium, further comprising an optional blowing agent having a blowing agent-to-graphene material weight ratio from 0/1.0 to 1.0/1.0; (b) dispensing and depositing said graphene dispersion onto a surface of a supporting substrate to form a wet layer of graphene material, wherein said dispensing and depositing procedure includes subjecting said graphene dispersion to an orientation- inducing stress; (c) partially or completely removing said liquid medium from the wet layer of graphene material to form a dried layer of graphene material; and (d) heat treating the dried layer of graphene material at a first heat treatment temperature from 80 0 C to 3,200 0 C at a desired heating rate sufficient to induce volatile gas molecules from said non-carbon elements or to activate said blowing agent for producing said sheet of solid graphene foam; (e) and optionally heat treating the dried layer of graphene material at a second heat treatment temperature from 0 C to 3,200 °C; wherein said first and/or second heat treatment temperature contains a temperature no less than 2,500 0 C and wherein said pore walls contain a pristine graphene material having essentially zero percent of non-carbon elements, or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001 % to 5 % by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof, wherein said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, and a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.4, and the solid graphene foam has a density from 0.01 g/cm 3 to 1.7 g/cm 3, a specific surface area from 50 m 2/g to 3,000 m 2/g, a thermal conductivity ° greater than 400 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity ° greater than 4,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Currently amended
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
solid graphene foam
Materials described outside the worked examples.
pristine graphene
non-pristine graphene
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 (B) (schematic drawing). The presence of chemical species or functional groups in the interstitial spaces 25 between graphene planes serves to increase …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
inter-plane spacing d002 (claim 2) | 0.3354–0.36 | pristine graphene |
thermal conductivity per unit specific gravity (claim 1) | ≥ 200 |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
graphene fluoride
graphene oxide
graphitic precursor material
reduced graphene oxide
FIG. 2. In Route l A, these graphite worms (exfoliated graphite or "networks of interconnected/15 non- separated graphite flakes") can be re-compressed to …
electrical conductivity per unit specific gravity (claim 1) | ≥ 2000 | pristine graphene |
inter-graphene spacing (claim 13) | ≤ 0.336 | pristine graphene |
Duration | 15–120 s | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Duration | 0.5–96 hours | — |
Duration | 0.2–1 hour | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 hours | — |
Duration | 48–72 hours | — |
— | 250–500 W | — |
Thickness | 0.6–1.2 nm | — |
Duration | 1–4 hours | — |
Duration | 1–2 hours | — |
Duration | 0.5–2 hours | — |
Duration | 5–16 hours | — |
Duration | 1–8 hours | — |
Duration | 48–96 hours | — |
Duration | 10–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Duration | 1–10 hours | — |
Thickness | 2–50 nm | — |
Pressure | ≤ 1 torr | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
Duration | ≥ 15 minutes | — |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.36 nm | — |
Temperature | 300–1500 °C | — |
Temperature | 1500–2100 °C | — |
Temperature | 2100–3200 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.35 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.34 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.336 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.337 nm | — |
Temperature | ≤ 2500 °C | — |
— | ≥ 200 W | — |
— | ≥ 250 W | — |
— | ≥ 300 W | — |
— | ≥ 350 W | — |
— | ≥ 400 W | — |
Duration | ≥ 1 hour | — |
Thickness | 1–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–40 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–30 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.4 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 20 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
— | ≥ 150 W | — |
graphene fluoride
graphene oxide
graphitic precursor material
reduced graphene oxide
FIG. 2. In Route l A, these graphite worms (exfoliated graphite or "networks of interconnected/15 non- separated graphite flakes") can be re-compressed to …
electrical conductivity per unit specific gravity (claim 1) | ≥ 2000 | pristine graphene |
inter-graphene spacing (claim 13) | ≤ 0.336 | pristine graphene |
Duration | 15–120 s | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Duration | 0.5–96 hours | — |
Duration | 0.2–1 hour | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 hours | — |
Duration | 48–72 hours | — |
— | 250–500 W | — |
Thickness | 0.6–1.2 nm | — |
Duration | 1–4 hours | — |
Duration | 1–2 hours | — |
Duration | 0.5–2 hours | — |
Duration | 5–16 hours | — |
Duration | 1–8 hours | — |
Duration | 48–96 hours | — |
Duration | 10–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Duration | 1–10 hours | — |
Thickness | 2–50 nm | — |
Pressure | ≤ 1 torr | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
Duration | ≥ 15 minutes | — |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.36 nm | — |
Temperature | 300–1500 °C | — |
Temperature | 1500–2100 °C | — |
Temperature | 2100–3200 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.35 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.34 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.336 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.337 nm | — |
Temperature | ≤ 2500 °C | — |
— | ≥ 200 W | — |
— | ≥ 250 W | — |
— | ≥ 300 W | — |
— | ≥ 350 W | — |
— | ≥ 400 W | — |
Duration | ≥ 1 hour | — |
Thickness | 1–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–40 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–30 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.4 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 20 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
— | ≥ 150 W | — |
graphene fluoride
graphene oxide
graphitic precursor material
reduced graphene oxide
FIG. 2. In Route l A, these graphite worms (exfoliated graphite or "networks of interconnected/15 non- separated graphite flakes") can be re-compressed to …
electrical conductivity per unit specific gravity (claim 1) | ≥ 2000 | pristine graphene |
inter-graphene spacing (claim 13) | ≤ 0.336 | pristine graphene |
Duration | 15–120 s | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Duration | 0.5–96 hours | — |
Duration | 0.2–1 hour | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 hours | — |
Duration | 48–72 hours | — |
— | 250–500 W | — |
Thickness | 0.6–1.2 nm | — |
Duration | 1–4 hours | — |
Duration | 1–2 hours | — |
Duration | 0.5–2 hours | — |
Duration | 5–16 hours | — |
Duration | 1–8 hours | — |
Duration | 48–96 hours | — |
Duration | 10–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Duration | 1–10 hours | — |
Thickness | 2–50 nm | — |
Pressure | ≤ 1 torr | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
Duration | ≥ 15 minutes | — |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.36 nm | — |
Temperature | 300–1500 °C | — |
Temperature | 1500–2100 °C | — |
Temperature | 2100–3200 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.35 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.34 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.336 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.337 nm | — |
Temperature | ≤ 2500 °C | — |
— | ≥ 200 W | — |
— | ≥ 250 W | — |
— | ≥ 300 W | — |
— | ≥ 350 W | — |
— | ≥ 400 W | — |
Duration | ≥ 1 hour | — |
Thickness | 1–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–40 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–30 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.4 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 20 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
— | ≥ 150 W | — |
graphene fluoride
graphene oxide
graphitic precursor material
reduced graphene oxide
FIG. 2. In Route l A, these graphite worms (exfoliated graphite or "networks of interconnected/15 non- separated graphite flakes") can be re-compressed to …
electrical conductivity per unit specific gravity (claim 1) | ≥ 2000 | pristine graphene |
inter-graphene spacing (claim 13) | ≤ 0.336 | pristine graphene |
Duration | 15–120 s | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Duration | 0.5–96 hours | — |
Duration | 0.2–1 hour | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 hours | — |
Duration | 48–72 hours | — |
— | 250–500 W | — |
Thickness | 0.6–1.2 nm | — |
Duration | 1–4 hours | — |
Duration | 1–2 hours | — |
Duration | 0.5–2 hours | — |
Duration | 5–16 hours | — |
Duration | 1–8 hours | — |
Duration | 48–96 hours | — |
Duration | 10–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Duration | 1–10 hours | — |
Thickness | 2–50 nm | — |
Pressure | ≤ 1 torr | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
Duration | ≥ 15 minutes | — |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.36 nm | — |
Temperature | 300–1500 °C | — |
Temperature | 1500–2100 °C | — |
Temperature | 2100–3200 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.35 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.34 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.336 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.337 nm | — |
Temperature | ≤ 2500 °C | — |
— | ≥ 200 W | — |
— | ≥ 250 W | — |
— | ≥ 300 W | — |
— | ≥ 350 W | — |
— | ≥ 400 W | — |
Duration | ≥ 1 hour | — |
Thickness | 1–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–40 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–30 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.4 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 20 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
— | ≥ 150 W | — |