Title: METAL-OXIDE ANCHORED GRAPHENE AND CARBON-NANOTUBE HYBRID FOAM 10> I I I I 16N 185 I 8 I N.1k 7 1~ V \\\ \\\-14 12 13 d ON 0 0 O

Patent

Atlas literature

Patent

US 10,580,591

Title: METAL-OXIDE ANCHORED GRAPHENE AND CARBON-NANOTUBE HYBRID FOAM 10> I I I I 16N 185 I 8 I N.1k 7 1~ V \\\ \\\-14 12 13 d ON 0 0 O

WANG, Wei, GUO, Shirui, OZKAN, Cengiz S, OZKAN, Mihrimah

THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA·14 May 2015·US

Drawings

Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.

FIG. 1

FIG. 1. In an example, the method 100 can include forming less than three graphene layers onto the surface of the conductive substrate. In an example, twenty …

FIG. 2

FIG. 2. That is, either the ﬁrst and second electrodes 52, 56 are each the hybrid foam 10, as illustrated in

FIG. 3

FIG. 3 illustrates generally a cross-section of a supercapacitor 50 including a hybrid foam, for example, hybrid foam 10, 20. The supercapacitor 50 can include …

FIG. 4

FIG. 4 illustrates generally a ﬂow diagram of a method 100 for forming a hybrid foam 10. As discussed herein, the hybrid foam 10 can be formed by growing at …

FIG. 5

FIG. 5 illustrates a SEM image of a coated porous metal substrate. That is, a three- dimensional nickel foam including at least one graphene layer and a …

FIG. 6

FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate SEM images of hybrid foams having diﬀerent loading masses. For example, the hybrid foam in

FIG. 7

FIG. 7. [0092] Example 1: Forming the Supercapacitor including the Hvbrid Foam having Ruthenium (IV) Oxide Nanoparticles 15 WO 2015/069227 PCT/US₂₀₁₃/068577 …

FIG. 8

FIG. 8.

FIG. 9

FIG. 9 illustrates an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) of the Ru O 2 nanoparticles. The EDS illustrates the presence of the main components ruthenium …

FIG. 10

FIG. 10 illustrates a cyclic voltammetry plot for Example 1 over diﬀerent potential windows with a scan rate of 50 mV se c-'. As shown in

FIG. 11

FIG. 11 illustrates near rectangular CV characteristics of Example 1 with an operational voltage window of 1.5 V. The nearly rectangular shape and the absence …

FIG. 12

FIG. 12 illustrates the charge-discharge characteristics of Example 1 with diﬀerent current densities. The near linear and symmetric charge and discharge …

FIG. 13

FIG. 13 illustrates the speciﬁc capacitance and per-area capacitance of Example 1 under diﬀerent current densities below 200 milliampes per centimeter squared …

FIG. 14

FIG. 14 illustrates the cyclic stability of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. As shown in

FIG. 15

performance graph

FIG. 15 is a graph illustrating potentiostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements for Example 1. The equivalent circuit used for ﬁtting of the …

FIG. 16

FIG. 16. As illustrated in

FIG. 17

FIG. 17 illustrates experimental and model EIS measurements for Example 1 after the ﬁrst cycle. The experimental EIS measurements are the measured …

FIG. 18

FIG. 18 illustrates experimental and model EIS measurements for Example 1 after the 8100th cycle. [00114] As discussed herein, the equivalent circuit of …

FIG. 19

FIG. 19 illustrates normalized real capacitance and imaginary capacitance against frequency for Example 1 at the ﬁrst cycle and after 8100 cycles. [0028]

FIG. 20

FIG. 20 illustrates normalized imaginary capacitance against frequency for Example 1 at the ﬁrst cycle and after 8100 cycles. It can be observed that for …

FIG. 21

FIG. 21 illustrates EIS plot for Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2. [0030]

FIG. 22

FIG. 22 illustrates high frequency region EIS plots for Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2. As shown in

FIG. 23

FIG. 23 illustrates a Ragon plot related to energy densities and power densities of Example 1. [00119] As discussed herein, the method disclosed herein can …

FIG. 24

FIG. 24 illustrates a SEM image of pristine nickel foam and shows the locally very clean and uniform morphology of pristine nickel foam with an average grain …

FIG. 25

FIG. 25 illustrates a SEM image of the coated porous metal substrate. That is, the nickel foam including the at least one graphene layer and a plurality of …

FIG. 26

FIG. 26 illustrates a SEM image of a hybrid foam including Mn O 2 nanowires. As illustrated in

FIG. 27

FIG. 27 illustrates the EDS microanalysis of the hybrid foam including the Mn O 2 nanowires. The microanalysis indicates that the hybrid foam consists of Mn, …

FIG. 28

FIG. 28 illustrates the 21 WO 2015/069227 PCT/US₂₀₁₃/068577 XRD pattern of Mn O 2 nanowires. The XRD pattern can be indexed as a-Mn O 2 (space group: I₄/m …

FIG. 29

FIG. 29 illustrates a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of the MnO 2 nanowires. [0038]

FIG. 30

FIG. 30 illustrate high resolution TEM lattice image of the a- MnO 2 nanowires. Alpha- Mn O 2 structures are based on a tunnel structure formed by double …

FIG. 31

FIG. 31 illustrates the SAD pattern of a single Mn O 2 nanowire. The Mn O 2 nanowire can be indexed as the 22 WO 2015/069227 PCT/US₂₀₁₃/068577 [101] zone axis …

FIG. 32

FIG. 32 illustrates the presence of the main component manganese (Mn), oxygen (0), along with minor amounts of potassium (K), which can be interpreted as the …

FIG. 33

FIG. 33 shows the CV characteristics of the supercapacitor including the hybrid foam with a range of operation voltage windows. With higher potential limits, …

FIG. 34

FIG. 34 illustrates near rectangular CV characteristics of Example 2 with an operational voltage window of 1.6 V. The nearly rectangular shape and the absence …

FIG. 35

FIG. 35 illustrates normalized CV plots of Example 2 under diﬀerent scan rates. The nearly identical speciﬁc capacitance characteristics for diﬀerent scan …

FIG. 36

performance graph

FIG. 36 illustrates the charge-discharge characteristics of Example 2 over at a single current density. The near linear and symmetric charge and discharge …

FIG. 37

FIG. 37 illustrates charge-discharge curves of Example 2 over diﬀerent current densities. [0046]

FIG. 38

FIG. 38 illustrate charge-discharge curves of Example 2 over diﬀerent current densities. [00153] Speciﬁc Capacitance of Example 2 [00154] Speciﬁc capacitance …

FIG. 39

performance graph

FIG. 39 illustrates the speciﬁc capacitance and per-area capacitance of Example 2 under diﬀerent current densities below 180 mA cm⁻². The highest speciﬁc …

FIG. 40

FIG. 40 illustrates the cyclic stability of Example 2, Comparative Example 3, and Comparative Example 3. After 13000 cycles, superior capacitance retention …

FIG. 41

FIG. 41 illustrates an E I S plot of Example 2. The E I S plots show a near linear and vertical characteristic and a series of constant spectra with an …

FIG. 42

FIG. 42 illustrates an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy plot of Example 2 and Comparative Example 3. Compared to Comparative Example 3 having an ESR of …

FIG. 43

performance graph

FIG. 43 illustrates a Ragon plot related to energy densities and power densities for diﬀerent supercapacitor systems. The energy density and power density are …

Claims

Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.

7 independent · 12 dependent

1
Independentporous metal substrategraphene layercarbon nanotubesRuO2·xH₂Ometal oxide anchored graphene and carbon nanotube hybrid foam energy device
An energy device, comprising a porous metal substrate; at least one graphene layer deposited onto a surface of the porous metal substrate; a plurality of carbon nanotubes grown onto a surface of the at least one graphene layer; and a plurality of hydrous ruthenium (IV) oxide nanowires deposited onto the plurality of carbon nanotubes. Previously presented
1. 5
  Dependent← claim 1porous metal substratemetal oxide anchored graphene and carbon nanotube hybrid foam energy device
  The energy device of any one claim 1, wherein the porous metal substrate includes at least of copper, aluminum, and nickel. Original
2. 6
  Dependent← claim 1metal oxide anchored graphene and carbon nanotube hybrid foam energy device
  The energy device of claim 1, wherein the energy device does not include a binder. Original
3. 7
  Dependent← claim 1graphene layermetal oxide anchored graphene and carbon nanotube hybrid foam energy device
  The energy device of claim 1, wherein the at least one graphene layer includes less than twenty graphene layers. Original
4. 8
  Dependent← claim 1metal oxide anchored graphene and carbon nanotube hybrid foam energy device
  The energy device of claim 1, wherein a loading mass of the energy device is within a range of about 0.0005 grams to about 0.1 grams. Original
2
Independent
- 4. Canceled
4
Independent
Canceled
11
Independentporous metal substrategraphene layercarbon nanotubesRuO2·xH₂Ometal oxide nanowiressupercapacitor with hybrid foam electrodes
A supercapacitor, comprising: a ﬁrst electrode including: a ﬁrst porous metal substrate, at least one graphene layer deposited onto a surface of the ﬁrst porous metal substrate, a plurality of carbon nanotubes grown onto a surface of the at least one graphene layer, and a plurality of metal oxide nanowires deposited onto the plurality of carbon nanotubes; a second electrode, including: a second porous metal substrate, at least one graphene layer deposited onto a surface of the second porous metal substrate, a plurality of carbon nanotubes grown onto at least one of a surface of the at least one graphene layer, and a plurality of hydrous ruthenium (IV) oxide nanowires deposited onto the plurality of carbon nanotubes; an electrolyte; and a separator positioned between the ﬁrst electrode and the second electrode. Previously presented
1. 12
  Dependent← claim 11porous metal substratesupercapacitor with hybrid foam electrodes
  The supercapacitor of claim 11, wherein the ﬁrst porous metal substrate and the second porous metal substrate includes at least one of copper, aluminum, and nickel. Original
2. 14
  Dependent← claim 11graphene layersupercapacitor with hybrid foam electrodes
  The supercapacitor of claim 11, wherein the at least one graphene layer includes twenty graphene layers or less. Original
3. 15
  Dependent← claim 11supercapacitor with hybrid foam electrodes
  The supercapacitor of claim 11, wherein the ﬁrst electrode and the second electrode do not include a binder. Original
13
Independent
Canceled
16
Independentporous metal substrategraphene layercarbon nanotubesRuO2·xH₂O
A method, comprising: growing at least one graphene layer onto a surface of a porous metal substrate using chemical vapor deposition; growing a plurality of carbon nanotubes onto a surface of the at least one graphene layer using chemical vapor deposition to form a coated porous metal substrate; and depositing a plurality of hydrous ruthenium (IV) oxide nanowires onto a surface of the plurality of carbon nanotubes to form a hybrid foam. Previously presented
1. 17
  Dependent← claim 16porous metal substrate
  The method of claim 16, wherein, prior to growing the at least one graphene layer and the plurality of carbon nanotubes, the method comprises: applying a reactive ion etching plasma to the porous metal surface; and depositing catalyst particles onto the surface of the porous metal surface. Original
2. 18
  Dependent← claim 16
  The method of claim 16, comprising treating the coated porous metal substrate with ultraviolet-generated ozone for a time period. Original
3. 20
  Dependent← claim 16
  The method of claim 16, comprising: drying the hybrid foam at a ﬁrst temperature for a ﬁrst time period; and annealing the hybrid foam at a second temperature for a second time period. Original
19
Independent
Canceled

Worked examples

Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.

Example 1

example section example

4 materials1 process step

Fabrication and electrochemical testing of a hybrid foam electrode comprising graphene/CNT-coated porous nickel foam decorated with hydrous RuO₂ nanoparticles, used in a supercapacitor. Cyclic voltammetry, charge-discharge, specific capacitance, cycling stability, and EIS measurements were performed.

Device structures

Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.

metal oxide anchored graphene and carbon nanotube hybrid foam energy device

RuO2·xH₂Opseudocapacitive active material

carbon nanotubesconductive nanotube framework

graphene layergraphene coating

porous metal substratesubstrate

supercapacitor with hybrid foam electrodes

RuO2·xH₂Osecond electrode hydrous RuO2 nanowires

Materials

Materials described outside the worked examples.

porous nickel foam

Substrate

metal oxide nanowires

Pseudocapacitive Active Material

Process steps

Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.

Bath Deposition

Step 1

Process details

post steps:drying at first temperature, annealing at second temperature

description:simple bath deposition of hydrous RuO₂ nanowires onto surface of coated porous metal substrate

Materials:RuO2·xH₂O

Characterization

Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.

fet electrical

Fet Electrical

FIG. 2. That is, either the ﬁrst and second electrodes 52, 56 are each the hybrid foam 10, as illustrated in

Figure references

FIG. 2

graphenegraphene

Reported properties

Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.

Property	Value	Material
Loading Mass Range	0.0005–0.1 grams	—
Thickness	20–50 nm

Why these are connected

Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.

Title: METAL-OXIDE ANCHORED GRAPHENE AND CARBON-NANOTUBE HYBRID FOAM 10> I I I I 16N 185 I 8 I N.1k 7 1~ V \\\ \\\-14 12 13 d ON 0 0 O | Matter42 Literature