Patent
US 10,322,935LARGE SCALE PRODUCTION OF THINNED GRAPHITE, GRAPHENE, AND GRAPHITE-GRAPHENE COMPOSITES
Marie BOZALINA
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,322,935Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart illustrating a method of producing thinned crystalline graphite, graphene and/or a graphene-graphite composite via a wet ball …
FIGS. 2A and 2B show example schematics of the process of wet ball milling in a ball milling vessel containing graphite, grinding media and a liquid solution, …
FIG. 3 is an atomic force microscopy image of thinned crystalline graphite produced via a wet ball milling process, according to an embodiment. [0007]
FIG. 4B) of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrograph of a graphene-graphite composite produced via a wet ball milling process, according to an …
FIG. 5 is a plot of thermogravimetric analysis illustrating the thermal stability of commercial graphene, exfoliated graphene, and thinned graphite produced …
FIG. 6 is a plot of thermogravimetric analysis illustrating the thermal stability of natural graphene, graphite and a graphene-graphite composite produced via …
FIG. 7 are plots of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of silicon-graphene (top panel) and titanium dioxide-graphene (bottom panel) composites …
FIGS. 8A-8F are a series of SEM micrographs of a wide variety of few-layer graphene and graphene-graphite composites, according to an embodiment. [0012]
FIGS. 9A and 9B are plots of the lateral size distribution of graphene-based particles that comprise few-layer graphene samples, according to an embodiment. …
FIG. 10 is a plot of Raman spectra for a series of different few-layer graphene, graphene- graphite composite, and bulk graphite, according to an embodiment. …
FIG. 12A and 12B are plots showing the shift of the 2D band peak as a function of the thickness of few-layer graphene samples, according to an embodiment. …
FIG. 13 is alternative plot providing a compact view of the number of layers in few- layer graphene samples and graphene-graphite composites, according to an …
FIG. 14 is a plot showing simulated results of the number of layers in few-layer graphene samples and graphene-graphite composites, according to an embodiment. …
FIGS. 15A-15F are example plots of X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) spectra for a series of different few-layer graphene, graphene-graphite composite and bulk …
FIG. 16 a plot of example Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy by attenuated total reflection (ATR-FT I R) spectra for a series of different few-layer …
FIG. 17 a plot of example Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy by attenuated total reflection (ATR-F TI R) spectra for a graphene-graphite composite, …
FIG. 18 is a plot showing the results of thermo gravimetric analysis of different few- layer graphene, graphene-graphite composite and bulk graphite indicating …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method for producing thinned crystalline graphite, comprising: transferring crystalline graphite into a ball milling vessel, the ball milling vessel including a grinding media; transferring a first solvent and a second solvent into the ball milling vessel, the second solvent different than the first solvent; rotating the ball milling vessel to cause shearing of layers of the crystalline graphite to produce thinned crystalline graphite.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first solvent and the second solvent are configured to trap at least a portion of the crystalline graphite between the first solvent and the second solvent.
The method of claim 1, wherein the crystalline graphite includes at least one of natural graphite, synthetic graphite, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), graphite fiber, graphite rods, graphite minerals, graphite powder, and chemically modified graphite.
The method of claim 1, wherein the ball milling vessel includes at least one of an attritor ball mill, a planetary ball mill and a shear mixer.
The method of claim 1, wherein the ball milling vessel includes a semiconductor material.
The method of claim 1, wherein the ball milling vessel includes an insulator material.
The method of claim 1, wherein the grinding media is coated with an insulator.
The method of claim 1, wherein the grinding media is coated with alumina.
The method of claim 1, wherein the grinding media is coated with zirconia.
The method of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of grinding media to crystalline graphite is in a range of about 1:1 to about 60:1.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first solvent has a first surface tension and the second solvent has a second surface tension different than the first surface tension, the difference between the first surface tension and the second surface tension configured to facilitate the shearing of the layers of the crystalline graphite.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first solvent and the second solvent include any two of water, heptane, ethanol, and acetonitrile.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first solvent is water and the second solvent is heptane.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first solvent is ethanol and the second solvent is acetonitrile.
The method of claim 1, wherein the thinned crystalline graphite has a thickness of about 1 graphene layer to about 1,200 graphene layers.
The method of claim 1, wherein the thinned crystalline graphite has a thickness of less than about 400 nm.
The method of claim 1, wherein a lateral dimension of the crystalline graphite is in a range of about l0 nm to about 800 pm.
The method of claim 1, wherein the thinned crystalline graphite has an aspect ratio of at least about 50.
The method of claim 1, wherein the ball milling vessel is rotated for about 2 hours to about 100 hours to produce the thinned crystalline graphite.
The method of claim 1, wherein the ball milling vessel is rotated at a speed of about 10 rpm to about 225 rpm.
The method of claim 1, further comprising: isolating the thinned crystalline graphite from the first solvent and the second solvent.
The method of claim 1, wherein the ball milling vessel is a first ball milling vessel, the method further comprising: transferring the thinned crystalline graphite to a second ball milling vessel.
Materials described outside the worked examples.
crystalline graphite
first solvent
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 3 is an atomic force microscopy image of thinned crystalline graphite produced via a wet ball milling process, according to an embodiment. [0007]
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
thinned crystalline graphite thickness upper bound | ≤ 400 nm | thinned crystalline graphite |
thinned crystalline graphite aspect ratio (lateral size/thickness) | ≥ 50 dimensionless |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,322,935Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart illustrating a method of producing thinned crystalline graphite, graphene and/or a graphene-graphite composite via a wet ball …
FIGS. 2A and 2B show example schematics of the process of wet ball milling in a ball milling vessel containing graphite, grinding media and a liquid solution, …
FIG. 3 is an atomic force microscopy image of thinned crystalline graphite produced via a wet ball milling process, according to an embodiment. [0007]
FIG. 4B) of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrograph of a graphene-graphite composite produced via a wet ball milling process, according to an …
FIG. 5 is a plot of thermogravimetric analysis illustrating the thermal stability of commercial graphene, exfoliated graphene, and thinned graphite produced …
FIG. 6 is a plot of thermogravimetric analysis illustrating the thermal stability of natural graphene, graphite and a graphene-graphite composite produced via …
FIG. 7 are plots of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of silicon-graphene (top panel) and titanium dioxide-graphene (bottom panel) composites …
FIGS. 8A-8F are a series of SEM micrographs of a wide variety of few-layer graphene and graphene-graphite composites, according to an embodiment. [0012]
FIGS. 9A and 9B are plots of the lateral size distribution of graphene-based particles that comprise few-layer graphene samples, according to an embodiment. …
FIG. 10 is a plot of Raman spectra for a series of different few-layer graphene, graphene- graphite composite, and bulk graphite, according to an embodiment. …
FIG. 12A and 12B are plots showing the shift of the 2D band peak as a function of the thickness of few-layer graphene samples, according to an embodiment. …
FIG. 13 is alternative plot providing a compact view of the number of layers in few- layer graphene samples and graphene-graphite composites, according to an …
FIG. 14 is a plot showing simulated results of the number of layers in few-layer graphene samples and graphene-graphite composites, according to an embodiment. …
FIGS. 15A-15F are example plots of X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) spectra for a series of different few-layer graphene, graphene-graphite composite and bulk …
FIG. 16 a plot of example Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy by attenuated total reflection (ATR-FT I R) spectra for a series of different few-layer …
FIG. 17 a plot of example Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy by attenuated total reflection (ATR-F TI R) spectra for a graphene-graphite composite, …
FIG. 18 is a plot showing the results of thermo gravimetric analysis of different few- layer graphene, graphene-graphite composite and bulk graphite indicating …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method for producing thinned crystalline graphite, comprising: transferring crystalline graphite into a ball milling vessel, the ball milling vessel including a grinding media; transferring a first solvent and a second solvent into the ball milling vessel, the second solvent different than the first solvent; rotating the ball milling vessel to cause shearing of layers of the crystalline graphite to produce thinned crystalline graphite.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first solvent and the second solvent are configured to trap at least a portion of the crystalline graphite between the first solvent and the second solvent.
The method of claim 1, wherein the crystalline graphite includes at least one of natural graphite, synthetic graphite, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), graphite fiber, graphite rods, graphite minerals, graphite powder, and chemically modified graphite.
The method of claim 1, wherein the ball milling vessel includes at least one of an attritor ball mill, a planetary ball mill and a shear mixer.
The method of claim 1, wherein the ball milling vessel includes a semiconductor material.
The method of claim 1, wherein the ball milling vessel includes an insulator material.
The method of claim 1, wherein the grinding media is coated with an insulator.
The method of claim 1, wherein the grinding media is coated with alumina.
The method of claim 1, wherein the grinding media is coated with zirconia.
The method of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of grinding media to crystalline graphite is in a range of about 1:1 to about 60:1.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first solvent has a first surface tension and the second solvent has a second surface tension different than the first surface tension, the difference between the first surface tension and the second surface tension configured to facilitate the shearing of the layers of the crystalline graphite.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first solvent and the second solvent include any two of water, heptane, ethanol, and acetonitrile.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first solvent is water and the second solvent is heptane.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first solvent is ethanol and the second solvent is acetonitrile.
The method of claim 1, wherein the thinned crystalline graphite has a thickness of about 1 graphene layer to about 1,200 graphene layers.
The method of claim 1, wherein the thinned crystalline graphite has a thickness of less than about 400 nm.
The method of claim 1, wherein a lateral dimension of the crystalline graphite is in a range of about l0 nm to about 800 pm.
The method of claim 1, wherein the thinned crystalline graphite has an aspect ratio of at least about 50.
The method of claim 1, wherein the ball milling vessel is rotated for about 2 hours to about 100 hours to produce the thinned crystalline graphite.
The method of claim 1, wherein the ball milling vessel is rotated at a speed of about 10 rpm to about 225 rpm.
The method of claim 1, further comprising: isolating the thinned crystalline graphite from the first solvent and the second solvent.
The method of claim 1, wherein the ball milling vessel is a first ball milling vessel, the method further comprising: transferring the thinned crystalline graphite to a second ball milling vessel.
Materials described outside the worked examples.
crystalline graphite
first solvent
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 3 is an atomic force microscopy image of thinned crystalline graphite produced via a wet ball milling process, according to an embodiment. [0007]
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
thinned crystalline graphite thickness upper bound | ≤ 400 nm | thinned crystalline graphite |
thinned crystalline graphite aspect ratio (lateral size/thickness) | ≥ 50 dimensionless |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,322,935Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart illustrating a method of producing thinned crystalline graphite, graphene and/or a graphene-graphite composite via a wet ball …
FIGS. 2A and 2B show example schematics of the process of wet ball milling in a ball milling vessel containing graphite, grinding media and a liquid solution, …
FIG. 3 is an atomic force microscopy image of thinned crystalline graphite produced via a wet ball milling process, according to an embodiment. [0007]
FIG. 4B) of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrograph of a graphene-graphite composite produced via a wet ball milling process, according to an …
FIG. 5 is a plot of thermogravimetric analysis illustrating the thermal stability of commercial graphene, exfoliated graphene, and thinned graphite produced …
FIG. 6 is a plot of thermogravimetric analysis illustrating the thermal stability of natural graphene, graphite and a graphene-graphite composite produced via …
FIG. 7 are plots of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of silicon-graphene (top panel) and titanium dioxide-graphene (bottom panel) composites …
FIGS. 8A-8F are a series of SEM micrographs of a wide variety of few-layer graphene and graphene-graphite composites, according to an embodiment. [0012]
FIGS. 9A and 9B are plots of the lateral size distribution of graphene-based particles that comprise few-layer graphene samples, according to an embodiment. …
FIG. 10 is a plot of Raman spectra for a series of different few-layer graphene, graphene- graphite composite, and bulk graphite, according to an embodiment. …
FIG. 12A and 12B are plots showing the shift of the 2D band peak as a function of the thickness of few-layer graphene samples, according to an embodiment. …
FIG. 13 is alternative plot providing a compact view of the number of layers in few- layer graphene samples and graphene-graphite composites, according to an …
FIG. 14 is a plot showing simulated results of the number of layers in few-layer graphene samples and graphene-graphite composites, according to an embodiment. …
FIGS. 15A-15F are example plots of X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) spectra for a series of different few-layer graphene, graphene-graphite composite and bulk …
FIG. 16 a plot of example Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy by attenuated total reflection (ATR-FT I R) spectra for a series of different few-layer …
FIG. 17 a plot of example Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy by attenuated total reflection (ATR-F TI R) spectra for a graphene-graphite composite, …
FIG. 18 is a plot showing the results of thermo gravimetric analysis of different few- layer graphene, graphene-graphite composite and bulk graphite indicating …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method for producing thinned crystalline graphite, comprising: transferring crystalline graphite into a ball milling vessel, the ball milling vessel including a grinding media; transferring a first solvent and a second solvent into the ball milling vessel, the second solvent different than the first solvent; rotating the ball milling vessel to cause shearing of layers of the crystalline graphite to produce thinned crystalline graphite.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first solvent and the second solvent are configured to trap at least a portion of the crystalline graphite between the first solvent and the second solvent.
The method of claim 1, wherein the crystalline graphite includes at least one of natural graphite, synthetic graphite, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), graphite fiber, graphite rods, graphite minerals, graphite powder, and chemically modified graphite.
The method of claim 1, wherein the ball milling vessel includes at least one of an attritor ball mill, a planetary ball mill and a shear mixer.
The method of claim 1, wherein the ball milling vessel includes a semiconductor material.
The method of claim 1, wherein the ball milling vessel includes an insulator material.
The method of claim 1, wherein the grinding media is coated with an insulator.
The method of claim 1, wherein the grinding media is coated with alumina.
The method of claim 1, wherein the grinding media is coated with zirconia.
The method of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of grinding media to crystalline graphite is in a range of about 1:1 to about 60:1.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first solvent has a first surface tension and the second solvent has a second surface tension different than the first surface tension, the difference between the first surface tension and the second surface tension configured to facilitate the shearing of the layers of the crystalline graphite.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first solvent and the second solvent include any two of water, heptane, ethanol, and acetonitrile.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first solvent is water and the second solvent is heptane.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first solvent is ethanol and the second solvent is acetonitrile.
The method of claim 1, wherein the thinned crystalline graphite has a thickness of about 1 graphene layer to about 1,200 graphene layers.
The method of claim 1, wherein the thinned crystalline graphite has a thickness of less than about 400 nm.
The method of claim 1, wherein a lateral dimension of the crystalline graphite is in a range of about l0 nm to about 800 pm.
The method of claim 1, wherein the thinned crystalline graphite has an aspect ratio of at least about 50.
The method of claim 1, wherein the ball milling vessel is rotated for about 2 hours to about 100 hours to produce the thinned crystalline graphite.
The method of claim 1, wherein the ball milling vessel is rotated at a speed of about 10 rpm to about 225 rpm.
The method of claim 1, further comprising: isolating the thinned crystalline graphite from the first solvent and the second solvent.
The method of claim 1, wherein the ball milling vessel is a first ball milling vessel, the method further comprising: transferring the thinned crystalline graphite to a second ball milling vessel.
Materials described outside the worked examples.
crystalline graphite
first solvent
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 3 is an atomic force microscopy image of thinned crystalline graphite produced via a wet ball milling process, according to an embodiment. [0007]
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
thinned crystalline graphite thickness upper bound | ≤ 400 nm | thinned crystalline graphite |
thinned crystalline graphite aspect ratio (lateral size/thickness) | ≥ 50 dimensionless |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,322,935Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart illustrating a method of producing thinned crystalline graphite, graphene and/or a graphene-graphite composite via a wet ball …
FIGS. 2A and 2B show example schematics of the process of wet ball milling in a ball milling vessel containing graphite, grinding media and a liquid solution, …
FIG. 3 is an atomic force microscopy image of thinned crystalline graphite produced via a wet ball milling process, according to an embodiment. [0007]
FIG. 4B) of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrograph of a graphene-graphite composite produced via a wet ball milling process, according to an …
FIG. 5 is a plot of thermogravimetric analysis illustrating the thermal stability of commercial graphene, exfoliated graphene, and thinned graphite produced …
FIG. 6 is a plot of thermogravimetric analysis illustrating the thermal stability of natural graphene, graphite and a graphene-graphite composite produced via …
FIG. 7 are plots of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of silicon-graphene (top panel) and titanium dioxide-graphene (bottom panel) composites …
FIGS. 8A-8F are a series of SEM micrographs of a wide variety of few-layer graphene and graphene-graphite composites, according to an embodiment. [0012]
FIGS. 9A and 9B are plots of the lateral size distribution of graphene-based particles that comprise few-layer graphene samples, according to an embodiment. …
FIG. 10 is a plot of Raman spectra for a series of different few-layer graphene, graphene- graphite composite, and bulk graphite, according to an embodiment. …
FIG. 12A and 12B are plots showing the shift of the 2D band peak as a function of the thickness of few-layer graphene samples, according to an embodiment. …
FIG. 13 is alternative plot providing a compact view of the number of layers in few- layer graphene samples and graphene-graphite composites, according to an …
FIG. 14 is a plot showing simulated results of the number of layers in few-layer graphene samples and graphene-graphite composites, according to an embodiment. …
FIGS. 15A-15F are example plots of X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) spectra for a series of different few-layer graphene, graphene-graphite composite and bulk …
FIG. 16 a plot of example Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy by attenuated total reflection (ATR-FT I R) spectra for a series of different few-layer …
FIG. 17 a plot of example Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy by attenuated total reflection (ATR-F TI R) spectra for a graphene-graphite composite, …
FIG. 18 is a plot showing the results of thermo gravimetric analysis of different few- layer graphene, graphene-graphite composite and bulk graphite indicating …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method for producing thinned crystalline graphite, comprising: transferring crystalline graphite into a ball milling vessel, the ball milling vessel including a grinding media; transferring a first solvent and a second solvent into the ball milling vessel, the second solvent different than the first solvent; rotating the ball milling vessel to cause shearing of layers of the crystalline graphite to produce thinned crystalline graphite.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first solvent and the second solvent are configured to trap at least a portion of the crystalline graphite between the first solvent and the second solvent.
The method of claim 1, wherein the crystalline graphite includes at least one of natural graphite, synthetic graphite, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), graphite fiber, graphite rods, graphite minerals, graphite powder, and chemically modified graphite.
The method of claim 1, wherein the ball milling vessel includes at least one of an attritor ball mill, a planetary ball mill and a shear mixer.
The method of claim 1, wherein the ball milling vessel includes a semiconductor material.
The method of claim 1, wherein the ball milling vessel includes an insulator material.
The method of claim 1, wherein the grinding media is coated with an insulator.
The method of claim 1, wherein the grinding media is coated with alumina.
The method of claim 1, wherein the grinding media is coated with zirconia.
The method of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of grinding media to crystalline graphite is in a range of about 1:1 to about 60:1.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first solvent has a first surface tension and the second solvent has a second surface tension different than the first surface tension, the difference between the first surface tension and the second surface tension configured to facilitate the shearing of the layers of the crystalline graphite.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first solvent and the second solvent include any two of water, heptane, ethanol, and acetonitrile.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first solvent is water and the second solvent is heptane.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first solvent is ethanol and the second solvent is acetonitrile.
The method of claim 1, wherein the thinned crystalline graphite has a thickness of about 1 graphene layer to about 1,200 graphene layers.
The method of claim 1, wherein the thinned crystalline graphite has a thickness of less than about 400 nm.
The method of claim 1, wherein a lateral dimension of the crystalline graphite is in a range of about l0 nm to about 800 pm.
The method of claim 1, wherein the thinned crystalline graphite has an aspect ratio of at least about 50.
The method of claim 1, wherein the ball milling vessel is rotated for about 2 hours to about 100 hours to produce the thinned crystalline graphite.
The method of claim 1, wherein the ball milling vessel is rotated at a speed of about 10 rpm to about 225 rpm.
The method of claim 1, further comprising: isolating the thinned crystalline graphite from the first solvent and the second solvent.
The method of claim 1, wherein the ball milling vessel is a first ball milling vessel, the method further comprising: transferring the thinned crystalline graphite to a second ball milling vessel.
Materials described outside the worked examples.
crystalline graphite
first solvent
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 3 is an atomic force microscopy image of thinned crystalline graphite produced via a wet ball milling process, according to an embodiment. [0007]
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
thinned crystalline graphite thickness upper bound | ≤ 400 nm | thinned crystalline graphite |
thinned crystalline graphite aspect ratio (lateral size/thickness) | ≥ 50 dimensionless |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
second solvent
alumina
Al₂O₃
zirconia
ZrO₂
water
H₂O
heptane
C₇H₁₆
ethanol
C₂H₅OH
acetonitrile
CH₃CN
thinned crystalline graphite
metal hydroxide salt
hydrogen peroxide
H₂O₂
third solvent (N,N-Dimethylformamide, chlorobenzene, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1-propanol)
surfactant
metal (titanium, copper, silicon)
oxide (titanium oxide, titanium dioxide)
FIG. 4B) of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrograph of a graphene-graphite composite produced via a wet ball milling process, according to an …
FIG. 7 are plots of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of silicon-graphene (top panel) and titanium dioxide-graphene (bottom panel) composites …
FIGS. 8A-8F are a series of SEM micrographs of a wide variety of few-layer graphene and graphene-graphite composites, according to an embodiment. [0012]
FIG. 10 is a plot of Raman spectra for a series of different few-layer graphene, graphene- graphite composite, and bulk graphite, according to an embodiment. …
FIG. 12A and 12B are plots showing the shift of the 2D band peak as a function of the thickness of few-layer graphene samples, according to an embodiment. …
FIG. 13 is alternative plot providing a compact view of the number of layers in few- layer graphene samples and graphene-graphite composites, according to an …
FIG. 14 is a plot showing simulated results of the number of layers in few-layer graphene samples and graphene-graphite composites, according to an embodiment. …
FIGS. 15A-15F are example plots of X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) spectra for a series of different few-layer graphene, graphene-graphite composite and bulk …
FIG. 16 a plot of example Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy by attenuated total reflection (ATR-FT I R) spectra for a series of different few-layer …
FIG. 17 a plot of example Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy by attenuated total reflection (ATR-F TI R) spectra for a graphene-graphite composite, …
durability, wettability, and adhesion. Paints are a special category of coating, used to protect, beautify and reduce maintenance requirements. Graphene, alone or as part of a composite, displays excellent characteristics for the coating industry including wat
thinned crystalline graphite |
Thickness | 200–500 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.9–1.2 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.3–0.6 nm | — |
Duration | 2–100 hours | — |
Duration | 3–48 hours | — |
Duration | 3–24 hours | — |
Duration | 2–10 hours | — |
Duration | 1–6 hours | — |
Duration | 2–48 hours | — |
Duration | 6–12 hours | — |
Duration | 3–50 hours | — |
Duration | 2–4 hours | — |
Thickness | 200–400 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–5 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 300 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 200 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 50 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 20 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 5 nm | — |
second solvent
alumina
Al₂O₃
zirconia
ZrO₂
water
H₂O
heptane
C₇H₁₆
ethanol
C₂H₅OH
acetonitrile
CH₃CN
thinned crystalline graphite
metal hydroxide salt
hydrogen peroxide
H₂O₂
third solvent (N,N-Dimethylformamide, chlorobenzene, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1-propanol)
surfactant
metal (titanium, copper, silicon)
oxide (titanium oxide, titanium dioxide)
FIG. 4B) of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrograph of a graphene-graphite composite produced via a wet ball milling process, according to an …
FIG. 7 are plots of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of silicon-graphene (top panel) and titanium dioxide-graphene (bottom panel) composites …
FIGS. 8A-8F are a series of SEM micrographs of a wide variety of few-layer graphene and graphene-graphite composites, according to an embodiment. [0012]
FIG. 10 is a plot of Raman spectra for a series of different few-layer graphene, graphene- graphite composite, and bulk graphite, according to an embodiment. …
FIG. 12A and 12B are plots showing the shift of the 2D band peak as a function of the thickness of few-layer graphene samples, according to an embodiment. …
FIG. 13 is alternative plot providing a compact view of the number of layers in few- layer graphene samples and graphene-graphite composites, according to an …
FIG. 14 is a plot showing simulated results of the number of layers in few-layer graphene samples and graphene-graphite composites, according to an embodiment. …
FIGS. 15A-15F are example plots of X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) spectra for a series of different few-layer graphene, graphene-graphite composite and bulk …
FIG. 16 a plot of example Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy by attenuated total reflection (ATR-FT I R) spectra for a series of different few-layer …
FIG. 17 a plot of example Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy by attenuated total reflection (ATR-F TI R) spectra for a graphene-graphite composite, …
durability, wettability, and adhesion. Paints are a special category of coating, used to protect, beautify and reduce maintenance requirements. Graphene, alone or as part of a composite, displays excellent characteristics for the coating industry including wat
thinned crystalline graphite |
Thickness | 200–500 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.9–1.2 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.3–0.6 nm | — |
Duration | 2–100 hours | — |
Duration | 3–48 hours | — |
Duration | 3–24 hours | — |
Duration | 2–10 hours | — |
Duration | 1–6 hours | — |
Duration | 2–48 hours | — |
Duration | 6–12 hours | — |
Duration | 3–50 hours | — |
Duration | 2–4 hours | — |
Thickness | 200–400 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–5 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 300 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 200 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 50 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 20 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 5 nm | — |
second solvent
alumina
Al₂O₃
zirconia
ZrO₂
water
H₂O
heptane
C₇H₁₆
ethanol
C₂H₅OH
acetonitrile
CH₃CN
thinned crystalline graphite
metal hydroxide salt
hydrogen peroxide
H₂O₂
third solvent (N,N-Dimethylformamide, chlorobenzene, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1-propanol)
surfactant
metal (titanium, copper, silicon)
oxide (titanium oxide, titanium dioxide)
FIG. 4B) of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrograph of a graphene-graphite composite produced via a wet ball milling process, according to an …
FIG. 7 are plots of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of silicon-graphene (top panel) and titanium dioxide-graphene (bottom panel) composites …
FIGS. 8A-8F are a series of SEM micrographs of a wide variety of few-layer graphene and graphene-graphite composites, according to an embodiment. [0012]
FIG. 10 is a plot of Raman spectra for a series of different few-layer graphene, graphene- graphite composite, and bulk graphite, according to an embodiment. …
FIG. 12A and 12B are plots showing the shift of the 2D band peak as a function of the thickness of few-layer graphene samples, according to an embodiment. …
FIG. 13 is alternative plot providing a compact view of the number of layers in few- layer graphene samples and graphene-graphite composites, according to an …
FIG. 14 is a plot showing simulated results of the number of layers in few-layer graphene samples and graphene-graphite composites, according to an embodiment. …
FIGS. 15A-15F are example plots of X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) spectra for a series of different few-layer graphene, graphene-graphite composite and bulk …
FIG. 16 a plot of example Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy by attenuated total reflection (ATR-FT I R) spectra for a series of different few-layer …
FIG. 17 a plot of example Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy by attenuated total reflection (ATR-F TI R) spectra for a graphene-graphite composite, …
durability, wettability, and adhesion. Paints are a special category of coating, used to protect, beautify and reduce maintenance requirements. Graphene, alone or as part of a composite, displays excellent characteristics for the coating industry including wat
thinned crystalline graphite |
Thickness | 200–500 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.9–1.2 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.3–0.6 nm | — |
Duration | 2–100 hours | — |
Duration | 3–48 hours | — |
Duration | 3–24 hours | — |
Duration | 2–10 hours | — |
Duration | 1–6 hours | — |
Duration | 2–48 hours | — |
Duration | 6–12 hours | — |
Duration | 3–50 hours | — |
Duration | 2–4 hours | — |
Thickness | 200–400 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–5 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 300 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 200 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 50 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 20 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 5 nm | — |
second solvent
alumina
Al₂O₃
zirconia
ZrO₂
water
H₂O
heptane
C₇H₁₆
ethanol
C₂H₅OH
acetonitrile
CH₃CN
thinned crystalline graphite
metal hydroxide salt
hydrogen peroxide
H₂O₂
third solvent (N,N-Dimethylformamide, chlorobenzene, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1-propanol)
surfactant
metal (titanium, copper, silicon)
oxide (titanium oxide, titanium dioxide)
FIG. 4B) of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrograph of a graphene-graphite composite produced via a wet ball milling process, according to an …
FIG. 7 are plots of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of silicon-graphene (top panel) and titanium dioxide-graphene (bottom panel) composites …
FIGS. 8A-8F are a series of SEM micrographs of a wide variety of few-layer graphene and graphene-graphite composites, according to an embodiment. [0012]
FIG. 10 is a plot of Raman spectra for a series of different few-layer graphene, graphene- graphite composite, and bulk graphite, according to an embodiment. …
FIG. 12A and 12B are plots showing the shift of the 2D band peak as a function of the thickness of few-layer graphene samples, according to an embodiment. …
FIG. 13 is alternative plot providing a compact view of the number of layers in few- layer graphene samples and graphene-graphite composites, according to an …
FIG. 14 is a plot showing simulated results of the number of layers in few-layer graphene samples and graphene-graphite composites, according to an embodiment. …
FIGS. 15A-15F are example plots of X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) spectra for a series of different few-layer graphene, graphene-graphite composite and bulk …
FIG. 16 a plot of example Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy by attenuated total reflection (ATR-FT I R) spectra for a series of different few-layer …
FIG. 17 a plot of example Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy by attenuated total reflection (ATR-F TI R) spectra for a graphene-graphite composite, …
durability, wettability, and adhesion. Paints are a special category of coating, used to protect, beautify and reduce maintenance requirements. Graphene, alone or as part of a composite, displays excellent characteristics for the coating industry including wat
thinned crystalline graphite |
Thickness | 200–500 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.9–1.2 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.3–0.6 nm | — |
Duration | 2–100 hours | — |
Duration | 3–48 hours | — |
Duration | 3–24 hours | — |
Duration | 2–10 hours | — |
Duration | 1–6 hours | — |
Duration | 2–48 hours | — |
Duration | 6–12 hours | — |
Duration | 3–50 hours | — |
Duration | 2–4 hours | — |
Thickness | 200–400 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–5 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 300 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 200 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 50 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 20 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 5 nm | — |