Patent
US 9,797,863GRAPHENE SUPPORTED ARTIFICIAL MEMBRANES AND USES THEREOF
Slaven GARAJ
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,797,863Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1 is a schematic showing the creation of a lipid bilayer by adapting the method of Montal and Muller (Proc Nat Acad Sci 69, 3561-3566 (1972)) for use on graphene.
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of graphene mounted on a frame such that both faces of the graphene are accessible. Inset: similarly mounted graphene into which a single aperture has been drilled.
Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a structure for forming an array of graphene-supported lipid bilayers (not to scale). A 2 x 3 array of six nanopores is shown, each of which supports a lipid bilayer. Each compartment in the underlying non-conductive ceramic frame may form a separate solution …
Figure 4 is a schematic showing a-hemolysin, a trans-membrane protein, inserted into a lipid bilayer through an aperture in graphene. If the aperture is drilled to an appropriate dimension (for a- hemolysin ca. 5 nm), its proximity to the stem of the transmembrane protein (arrows) makes it possible …
Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the use of membrane fusion to form a graphene-supported bilayer.
Figure 6 is a graph showing current as a function of voltage across an 8 nm aperture in graphene under the indicated conditions.
Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of graphene mounted on a SiN x/Si frame. Portions of the graphene near the aperture have been ablated. The diagram also shows two electrodes mounted on the same face of the graphene.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A device comprising an artificial membrane located within spanninq one or more apertures on graphene; and at least one transmembrane pore disposed in the artificial membrane in one of said one or more apertures, wherein the membrane is a bilaver within the one or more apertures and two monolavers interleaved by the graphene at the peripheral edges of the one or more apertures and a molecular motor, wherein said motor is adjacent to the transmembrane pore and is capable of moving a polymer with respect to the transmembrane pore.
The device of claim 1, wherein said transmembrane pore comprises a transmembrane protein.
The device of claim 1, wherein at least one of said pores is a -haemolysin.
The device of claim 1, further comprising a frame supporting said graphene.
The device of claim 1, wherein said device comprises a plurality of apertures arranged in an array.
The device of claim 1 wherein the at least one of said pores is Omp F, OmpC or MspA.
The device of claim 1, wherein at most one apertures.
The device of claim 1, further comprising a to the transmembrane pore and is capable of moving transmembrane pore, 4 transmembrane pore comprises a transmembrane pore is disposed in each of said one or more molecular motor, wherein said motor is adjacent a polymer with respect to the
canceled
canceled
canceled
The device of claim 36 claim 1, wherein the molecular motor comprises a DNA polymerase, a RNA polymerase, a ribosome, an exonuclease, or a helicase and said polymer is a polynucleotide.
The device of claim 7, wherein the DNA polymerase is selected from E. co li DNA polymerase I, E. co li DNA polymerase I Large Fragment (Klenow fragment), phage T₇ DNA polymerase, Phi-29 DNA polymerase, Thermus aquaticus (Taq) DNA polymerase, Thermus flavus (Tf I) DNA polymerase, Thermus Thermophilus (Tth) DNA polymerase, Thermococcus litoralis (Tli) DNA polymerase, Pyrococcus furiosus (Pfu) DNA polymerase, Bacillus stearothermophilus (Bst) DNA polymerase, AMV reverse transcriptase, MMLV reverse transcriptase, and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
The device of claim 7, wherein the RNA polymerase is selected from T₇ RNA polymerase, T₃ RNA polymerase, SP₆ RNA polymerase, and E. co li RNA polymerase.
The device of claim 7, wherein the exonuclease is selected from exonuclease Lambda, T₇ Exonuclease, Exo I ll, RecJ, Exonuclease, Exo I, and Exo T.
The device of claim 7, wherein the helicase is selected from E-c oli bacteriophage T₇ gp4 and T₄ gp41 gene proteins, E. co li protein DnaB, E. co li protein RuvB, and E. co li protein rho.
- 24. canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
A method of identifying a membrane molecule-interacting compound comprising providing a device comprising an artificial membrane spanning located within one or more apertures on graphene and said membrane molecule, contacting the membrane molecule with a compound, and measuring at least one activity of said membrane molecule in the presence of said compound, whereby a change in activity in the presence of said compound indicates that said compound interacts with said 3 Application No. 14/478,820 Docket No.: 50334-028004 Response dated Reply to Office Action of membrane molecule, wherein said membrane molecule is a transmembrane pore disposed in the artificial membrane in one of said one or more apertures, and wherein measuring at least one activity of said membrane molecule in the presence of said compound comprises measuring electric current through or across the one or more apertures, and wherein the membrane is a bilaver within the one or more apertures and two monolavers interleaved by the graphene at the peripheral edges of the one or more apertures.
The method of claim 25, wherein membrane molecule-interacting compound is a polymer, and the device further comprises a molecular motor, wherein said motor is adjacent to the transmembrane pore and is capable of moving the polymer with respect to the transmembrane pore.
The method of claim 25, wherein the protein.
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene-supported artificial membrane nanopore device
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene
artificial lipid membrane/lipid bilayer
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figure 4 is a schematic showing a-hemolysin, a trans-membrane protein, inserted into a lipid bilayer through an aperture in graphene. If the aperture is drilled to an appropriate dimension (for a- hemolysin ca. 5 nm), its proximity to the stem of the transmembrane protein (arrows) makes it possible …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Thickness | 1–1000 nm | — |
Thickness |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,797,863Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1 is a schematic showing the creation of a lipid bilayer by adapting the method of Montal and Muller (Proc Nat Acad Sci 69, 3561-3566 (1972)) for use on graphene.
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of graphene mounted on a frame such that both faces of the graphene are accessible. Inset: similarly mounted graphene into which a single aperture has been drilled.
Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a structure for forming an array of graphene-supported lipid bilayers (not to scale). A 2 x 3 array of six nanopores is shown, each of which supports a lipid bilayer. Each compartment in the underlying non-conductive ceramic frame may form a separate solution …
Figure 4 is a schematic showing a-hemolysin, a trans-membrane protein, inserted into a lipid bilayer through an aperture in graphene. If the aperture is drilled to an appropriate dimension (for a- hemolysin ca. 5 nm), its proximity to the stem of the transmembrane protein (arrows) makes it possible …
Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the use of membrane fusion to form a graphene-supported bilayer.
Figure 6 is a graph showing current as a function of voltage across an 8 nm aperture in graphene under the indicated conditions.
Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of graphene mounted on a SiN x/Si frame. Portions of the graphene near the aperture have been ablated. The diagram also shows two electrodes mounted on the same face of the graphene.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A device comprising an artificial membrane located within spanninq one or more apertures on graphene; and at least one transmembrane pore disposed in the artificial membrane in one of said one or more apertures, wherein the membrane is a bilaver within the one or more apertures and two monolavers interleaved by the graphene at the peripheral edges of the one or more apertures and a molecular motor, wherein said motor is adjacent to the transmembrane pore and is capable of moving a polymer with respect to the transmembrane pore.
The device of claim 1, wherein said transmembrane pore comprises a transmembrane protein.
The device of claim 1, wherein at least one of said pores is a -haemolysin.
The device of claim 1, further comprising a frame supporting said graphene.
The device of claim 1, wherein said device comprises a plurality of apertures arranged in an array.
The device of claim 1 wherein the at least one of said pores is Omp F, OmpC or MspA.
The device of claim 1, wherein at most one apertures.
The device of claim 1, further comprising a to the transmembrane pore and is capable of moving transmembrane pore, 4 transmembrane pore comprises a transmembrane pore is disposed in each of said one or more molecular motor, wherein said motor is adjacent a polymer with respect to the
canceled
canceled
canceled
The device of claim 36 claim 1, wherein the molecular motor comprises a DNA polymerase, a RNA polymerase, a ribosome, an exonuclease, or a helicase and said polymer is a polynucleotide.
The device of claim 7, wherein the DNA polymerase is selected from E. co li DNA polymerase I, E. co li DNA polymerase I Large Fragment (Klenow fragment), phage T₇ DNA polymerase, Phi-29 DNA polymerase, Thermus aquaticus (Taq) DNA polymerase, Thermus flavus (Tf I) DNA polymerase, Thermus Thermophilus (Tth) DNA polymerase, Thermococcus litoralis (Tli) DNA polymerase, Pyrococcus furiosus (Pfu) DNA polymerase, Bacillus stearothermophilus (Bst) DNA polymerase, AMV reverse transcriptase, MMLV reverse transcriptase, and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
The device of claim 7, wherein the RNA polymerase is selected from T₇ RNA polymerase, T₃ RNA polymerase, SP₆ RNA polymerase, and E. co li RNA polymerase.
The device of claim 7, wherein the exonuclease is selected from exonuclease Lambda, T₇ Exonuclease, Exo I ll, RecJ, Exonuclease, Exo I, and Exo T.
The device of claim 7, wherein the helicase is selected from E-c oli bacteriophage T₇ gp4 and T₄ gp41 gene proteins, E. co li protein DnaB, E. co li protein RuvB, and E. co li protein rho.
- 24. canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
A method of identifying a membrane molecule-interacting compound comprising providing a device comprising an artificial membrane spanning located within one or more apertures on graphene and said membrane molecule, contacting the membrane molecule with a compound, and measuring at least one activity of said membrane molecule in the presence of said compound, whereby a change in activity in the presence of said compound indicates that said compound interacts with said 3 Application No. 14/478,820 Docket No.: 50334-028004 Response dated Reply to Office Action of membrane molecule, wherein said membrane molecule is a transmembrane pore disposed in the artificial membrane in one of said one or more apertures, and wherein measuring at least one activity of said membrane molecule in the presence of said compound comprises measuring electric current through or across the one or more apertures, and wherein the membrane is a bilaver within the one or more apertures and two monolavers interleaved by the graphene at the peripheral edges of the one or more apertures.
The method of claim 25, wherein membrane molecule-interacting compound is a polymer, and the device further comprises a molecular motor, wherein said motor is adjacent to the transmembrane pore and is capable of moving the polymer with respect to the transmembrane pore.
The method of claim 25, wherein the protein.
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene-supported artificial membrane nanopore device
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene
artificial lipid membrane/lipid bilayer
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figure 4 is a schematic showing a-hemolysin, a trans-membrane protein, inserted into a lipid bilayer through an aperture in graphene. If the aperture is drilled to an appropriate dimension (for a- hemolysin ca. 5 nm), its proximity to the stem of the transmembrane protein (arrows) makes it possible …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Thickness | 1–1000 nm | — |
Thickness |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,797,863Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1 is a schematic showing the creation of a lipid bilayer by adapting the method of Montal and Muller (Proc Nat Acad Sci 69, 3561-3566 (1972)) for use on graphene.
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of graphene mounted on a frame such that both faces of the graphene are accessible. Inset: similarly mounted graphene into which a single aperture has been drilled.
Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a structure for forming an array of graphene-supported lipid bilayers (not to scale). A 2 x 3 array of six nanopores is shown, each of which supports a lipid bilayer. Each compartment in the underlying non-conductive ceramic frame may form a separate solution …
Figure 4 is a schematic showing a-hemolysin, a trans-membrane protein, inserted into a lipid bilayer through an aperture in graphene. If the aperture is drilled to an appropriate dimension (for a- hemolysin ca. 5 nm), its proximity to the stem of the transmembrane protein (arrows) makes it possible …
Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the use of membrane fusion to form a graphene-supported bilayer.
Figure 6 is a graph showing current as a function of voltage across an 8 nm aperture in graphene under the indicated conditions.
Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of graphene mounted on a SiN x/Si frame. Portions of the graphene near the aperture have been ablated. The diagram also shows two electrodes mounted on the same face of the graphene.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A device comprising an artificial membrane located within spanninq one or more apertures on graphene; and at least one transmembrane pore disposed in the artificial membrane in one of said one or more apertures, wherein the membrane is a bilaver within the one or more apertures and two monolavers interleaved by the graphene at the peripheral edges of the one or more apertures and a molecular motor, wherein said motor is adjacent to the transmembrane pore and is capable of moving a polymer with respect to the transmembrane pore.
The device of claim 1, wherein said transmembrane pore comprises a transmembrane protein.
The device of claim 1, wherein at least one of said pores is a -haemolysin.
The device of claim 1, further comprising a frame supporting said graphene.
The device of claim 1, wherein said device comprises a plurality of apertures arranged in an array.
The device of claim 1 wherein the at least one of said pores is Omp F, OmpC or MspA.
The device of claim 1, wherein at most one apertures.
The device of claim 1, further comprising a to the transmembrane pore and is capable of moving transmembrane pore, 4 transmembrane pore comprises a transmembrane pore is disposed in each of said one or more molecular motor, wherein said motor is adjacent a polymer with respect to the
canceled
canceled
canceled
The device of claim 36 claim 1, wherein the molecular motor comprises a DNA polymerase, a RNA polymerase, a ribosome, an exonuclease, or a helicase and said polymer is a polynucleotide.
The device of claim 7, wherein the DNA polymerase is selected from E. co li DNA polymerase I, E. co li DNA polymerase I Large Fragment (Klenow fragment), phage T₇ DNA polymerase, Phi-29 DNA polymerase, Thermus aquaticus (Taq) DNA polymerase, Thermus flavus (Tf I) DNA polymerase, Thermus Thermophilus (Tth) DNA polymerase, Thermococcus litoralis (Tli) DNA polymerase, Pyrococcus furiosus (Pfu) DNA polymerase, Bacillus stearothermophilus (Bst) DNA polymerase, AMV reverse transcriptase, MMLV reverse transcriptase, and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
The device of claim 7, wherein the RNA polymerase is selected from T₇ RNA polymerase, T₃ RNA polymerase, SP₆ RNA polymerase, and E. co li RNA polymerase.
The device of claim 7, wherein the exonuclease is selected from exonuclease Lambda, T₇ Exonuclease, Exo I ll, RecJ, Exonuclease, Exo I, and Exo T.
The device of claim 7, wherein the helicase is selected from E-c oli bacteriophage T₇ gp4 and T₄ gp41 gene proteins, E. co li protein DnaB, E. co li protein RuvB, and E. co li protein rho.
- 24. canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
A method of identifying a membrane molecule-interacting compound comprising providing a device comprising an artificial membrane spanning located within one or more apertures on graphene and said membrane molecule, contacting the membrane molecule with a compound, and measuring at least one activity of said membrane molecule in the presence of said compound, whereby a change in activity in the presence of said compound indicates that said compound interacts with said 3 Application No. 14/478,820 Docket No.: 50334-028004 Response dated Reply to Office Action of membrane molecule, wherein said membrane molecule is a transmembrane pore disposed in the artificial membrane in one of said one or more apertures, and wherein measuring at least one activity of said membrane molecule in the presence of said compound comprises measuring electric current through or across the one or more apertures, and wherein the membrane is a bilaver within the one or more apertures and two monolavers interleaved by the graphene at the peripheral edges of the one or more apertures.
The method of claim 25, wherein membrane molecule-interacting compound is a polymer, and the device further comprises a molecular motor, wherein said motor is adjacent to the transmembrane pore and is capable of moving the polymer with respect to the transmembrane pore.
The method of claim 25, wherein the protein.
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene-supported artificial membrane nanopore device
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene
artificial lipid membrane/lipid bilayer
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figure 4 is a schematic showing a-hemolysin, a trans-membrane protein, inserted into a lipid bilayer through an aperture in graphene. If the aperture is drilled to an appropriate dimension (for a- hemolysin ca. 5 nm), its proximity to the stem of the transmembrane protein (arrows) makes it possible …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Thickness | 1–1000 nm | — |
Thickness |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,797,863Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1 is a schematic showing the creation of a lipid bilayer by adapting the method of Montal and Muller (Proc Nat Acad Sci 69, 3561-3566 (1972)) for use on graphene.
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of graphene mounted on a frame such that both faces of the graphene are accessible. Inset: similarly mounted graphene into which a single aperture has been drilled.
Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a structure for forming an array of graphene-supported lipid bilayers (not to scale). A 2 x 3 array of six nanopores is shown, each of which supports a lipid bilayer. Each compartment in the underlying non-conductive ceramic frame may form a separate solution …
Figure 4 is a schematic showing a-hemolysin, a trans-membrane protein, inserted into a lipid bilayer through an aperture in graphene. If the aperture is drilled to an appropriate dimension (for a- hemolysin ca. 5 nm), its proximity to the stem of the transmembrane protein (arrows) makes it possible …
Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the use of membrane fusion to form a graphene-supported bilayer.
Figure 6 is a graph showing current as a function of voltage across an 8 nm aperture in graphene under the indicated conditions.
Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of graphene mounted on a SiN x/Si frame. Portions of the graphene near the aperture have been ablated. The diagram also shows two electrodes mounted on the same face of the graphene.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A device comprising an artificial membrane located within spanninq one or more apertures on graphene; and at least one transmembrane pore disposed in the artificial membrane in one of said one or more apertures, wherein the membrane is a bilaver within the one or more apertures and two monolavers interleaved by the graphene at the peripheral edges of the one or more apertures and a molecular motor, wherein said motor is adjacent to the transmembrane pore and is capable of moving a polymer with respect to the transmembrane pore.
The device of claim 1, wherein said transmembrane pore comprises a transmembrane protein.
The device of claim 1, wherein at least one of said pores is a -haemolysin.
The device of claim 1, further comprising a frame supporting said graphene.
The device of claim 1, wherein said device comprises a plurality of apertures arranged in an array.
The device of claim 1 wherein the at least one of said pores is Omp F, OmpC or MspA.
The device of claim 1, wherein at most one apertures.
The device of claim 1, further comprising a to the transmembrane pore and is capable of moving transmembrane pore, 4 transmembrane pore comprises a transmembrane pore is disposed in each of said one or more molecular motor, wherein said motor is adjacent a polymer with respect to the
canceled
canceled
canceled
The device of claim 36 claim 1, wherein the molecular motor comprises a DNA polymerase, a RNA polymerase, a ribosome, an exonuclease, or a helicase and said polymer is a polynucleotide.
The device of claim 7, wherein the DNA polymerase is selected from E. co li DNA polymerase I, E. co li DNA polymerase I Large Fragment (Klenow fragment), phage T₇ DNA polymerase, Phi-29 DNA polymerase, Thermus aquaticus (Taq) DNA polymerase, Thermus flavus (Tf I) DNA polymerase, Thermus Thermophilus (Tth) DNA polymerase, Thermococcus litoralis (Tli) DNA polymerase, Pyrococcus furiosus (Pfu) DNA polymerase, Bacillus stearothermophilus (Bst) DNA polymerase, AMV reverse transcriptase, MMLV reverse transcriptase, and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
The device of claim 7, wherein the RNA polymerase is selected from T₇ RNA polymerase, T₃ RNA polymerase, SP₆ RNA polymerase, and E. co li RNA polymerase.
The device of claim 7, wherein the exonuclease is selected from exonuclease Lambda, T₇ Exonuclease, Exo I ll, RecJ, Exonuclease, Exo I, and Exo T.
The device of claim 7, wherein the helicase is selected from E-c oli bacteriophage T₇ gp4 and T₄ gp41 gene proteins, E. co li protein DnaB, E. co li protein RuvB, and E. co li protein rho.
- 24. canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
A method of identifying a membrane molecule-interacting compound comprising providing a device comprising an artificial membrane spanning located within one or more apertures on graphene and said membrane molecule, contacting the membrane molecule with a compound, and measuring at least one activity of said membrane molecule in the presence of said compound, whereby a change in activity in the presence of said compound indicates that said compound interacts with said 3 Application No. 14/478,820 Docket No.: 50334-028004 Response dated Reply to Office Action of membrane molecule, wherein said membrane molecule is a transmembrane pore disposed in the artificial membrane in one of said one or more apertures, and wherein measuring at least one activity of said membrane molecule in the presence of said compound comprises measuring electric current through or across the one or more apertures, and wherein the membrane is a bilaver within the one or more apertures and two monolavers interleaved by the graphene at the peripheral edges of the one or more apertures.
The method of claim 25, wherein membrane molecule-interacting compound is a polymer, and the device further comprises a molecular motor, wherein said motor is adjacent to the transmembrane pore and is capable of moving the polymer with respect to the transmembrane pore.
The method of claim 25, wherein the protein.
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene-supported artificial membrane nanopore device
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene
artificial lipid membrane/lipid bilayer
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figure 4 is a schematic showing a-hemolysin, a trans-membrane protein, inserted into a lipid bilayer through an aperture in graphene. If the aperture is drilled to an appropriate dimension (for a- hemolysin ca. 5 nm), its proximity to the stem of the transmembrane protein (arrows) makes it possible …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Thickness | 1–1000 nm | — |
Thickness |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
transmembrane protein
polynucleotide
alpha-haemolysin
silicon nitride/ceramic
OmpF/OmpC/MspA
Figure 6 is a graph showing current as a function of voltage across an 8 nm aperture in graphene under the indicated conditions.
| 4.5–5.5 nm |
| — |
Thickness | 0.5–2 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–3 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–4 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–4 nm | — |
transmembrane protein
polynucleotide
alpha-haemolysin
silicon nitride/ceramic
OmpF/OmpC/MspA
Figure 6 is a graph showing current as a function of voltage across an 8 nm aperture in graphene under the indicated conditions.
| 4.5–5.5 nm |
| — |
Thickness | 0.5–2 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–3 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–4 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–4 nm | — |
transmembrane protein
polynucleotide
alpha-haemolysin
silicon nitride/ceramic
OmpF/OmpC/MspA
Figure 6 is a graph showing current as a function of voltage across an 8 nm aperture in graphene under the indicated conditions.
| 4.5–5.5 nm |
| — |
Thickness | 0.5–2 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–3 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–4 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–4 nm | — |
transmembrane protein
polynucleotide
alpha-haemolysin
silicon nitride/ceramic
OmpF/OmpC/MspA
Figure 6 is a graph showing current as a function of voltage across an 8 nm aperture in graphene under the indicated conditions.
| 4.5–5.5 nm |
| — |
Thickness | 0.5–2 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–3 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–4 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–4 nm | — |