Patent
US 8,753,539ENVIRONMENTALLY BENIGN GRAPHITE INTERCALATION COMPOUND COMPOSITION FOR EXFOLIATED GRAPHITE, FLEXIBLE GRAPHITE, AND NANO-SCALED GRAPHENE PLATELETS
Aruna Zhamu
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
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US 8,753,539Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1. Phase I essentially entails converting a laminar graphite material to exfoliated 25 graphite flakes 14 or NGPs 16 of intermediate thicknesses …
FIG.2 Schematic of an apparatus for electrochemical intercalation of graphite.
FIG.3 Scanning electron micrographs of (A) exfoliated graphite worms and (B) NGPs.
FIG.4 Platelet thickness distributions for NGPs prepared from prior art sulfuric-nitric acid- 20 intercalated graphite and formic acid/H₂ 0 2 intercalated …
FIG.5 of Ref. 10). Re-intercalation by liquid eutectic of sodium and potassium (NaK₂) and subsequent exfoliation yielded platelets with thicknesses of 2-150 nm …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
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A carboxylic-intercalated and hydrogen peroxide-oxidized graphite compound composition for the production of exfoliated graphite, flexible graphite, or nano-scaled graphene platelets, said composition eemprising consisting of a layered graphite selected from the group consisting of graphite fiber, graphitic nano-fiber, graphite fluoride, or a combination thereof; the layered graphite having interlayer spaces > r interstices and a carboxylic acid residing in at least one of said interstices, wherein the: arboxylic acid is an environmentally benign carboxylic acid selected from the group: onsisting of aromatic carboxylic acid, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carboxylic acid,:t raight chain or branched chain carboxylic acid, saturated and unsaturated nonocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and polycarboxylic acids that have 1 -10 carbon atoms, alkyl esters thereof, anhydrides thereof and combinations thereof, said intercalated compound is prepared by a chemical oxidation reaction which uses a combination of the: arboxylic acid and hydrogen peroxide as an intercalate source wherein the combination empr ises consists of a mixture of a carboxylic acid and hydrogen peroxide at a weight atio of about 100:1 to 100:50 and wherein reintercalation of the compound one time with the carboxylic acid yields nanographene plates having an average thickness less than JO nm.
The carboxylic-intercalated graphite compound of claim 16 vherein said carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids of the formula H(CH₂) n COOH, wherein n is a number of from 0 to 5, ncluding formic, acetic, propionic, butyric, pentanoic, and hexanoic acids, anhydrides thereof, reactive carboxylic acid derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof.
A carboxylic-intercalated and hydrogen peroxide oxidized graphite compound composition for the production of exfoliated graphite, flexible graphite, or nano-scaled graphene platelets, said composition compising consisting of a layered graphite with interlayer spaces or interstices and a carboxylic acid residing in at 2 Serial No.: 11/881,390 least one of said interstices, prepared by an electrochemical reaction which uses a carboxylic acid as both an electrolyte and an intercalate source, wherein said carboxylic acid comprises a member other than formic acid wherein the layered graphite is selected from graphite fiber, graphitic nano-fiber, graphite fluoride, or a combination thereof, and wherein the carboxylic acid is an enviro nm entally benign carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of aromatic carboxylic acid, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carboxylic acid, straight chain or branched chain carboxylic acid, saturated and unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and polycarboxylic acids that have 2-10 carbon atoms, alkyl esters thereof, anhydrides thereof and combinations thereof and wherein reintercalation of the compound one time with the carboxylic acid yields nano graphene plates having an average thickness less than 30 nm.
The carboxylic-intercalated graphite compound of claim 18 wherein the layered graphite is selected from synthetic graphite, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, graphite fiber, graphitic nanofiber, graphite oxide, graphite fluoride, chemically modified graphite, exfoliated graphite, or a combination thereof. 3 Serial No.: 11/881,390
A carboxylic-intercalated graphite compound composition for the production of exfoliated graphite, flexible graphite, or nano-scaled graphene platelets, said composition ee mnpising consisting of a layered graphite having interlayer spaces or interstices and a carboxylic acid residing in at least one of said interstices, wherein said composition is prepared by an electrochemical reaction which uses a carboxylic acid as an electrolyte and as an intercalate source and wherein said layered graphite material is selected from graphite fiber, graphitic nanofiber, graphite fluoride, exfoliated graphite, or a combination thereof wherein the carboxylic acid is an environmentally benign carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of aromatic carboxylic acid, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carboxylic acid, straight chain or branched chain carboxylic acid, saturated and unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and polycarboxylic acids that have 1 -10 carbon atoms, alkyl esters thereof, anhydrides thereof, and combinations thereof and wherein reintercalation of the compound one time with the carboxylic acid yields nano graphene plates having an average thickness less than 30 nm.
The carboxylic-intercalated graphite compound of claim 19 wherein said carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of acetic, propionic, butyric, pentanoic, and hexanoic acids, anhydrides thereof, reactive carboxylic acid derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof. withdrawn
A process comprising: (a) for m ing a carboxylic acid-intercalated graphite compound composition by a chemical oxidation reaction using a combination of a carboxylic acid and hydrogen peroxide; and (b) heating the intercalated graphite compound to a temperature for a length of time sufficient for producing exfoliated graphite. withdrawn
The process of claim 24 further comprising re-intercalating the exfoliated graphite by repeating step (a) to produce a further-intercalated graphite compound; and (d) heating the further intercalated graphite compound to a temperature and for a time sufficient to produce graphene platelets. withdrawn
A process comprising: (a) forming a carboxylic acid-intercalated graphite compound by an electrochemical reaction using a carboxylic acid as both an electrolyte and an intercalate source, the layered graphite material as an anode material, and a metal or graphite as a cathode material, and wherein a current is imposed upon the cathode and the anode at a current density for a duration of time sufficient for e ff ecting the electrochemical reaction; and (b) exposing the intercalated graphite compound to a thermal shock to produce exfoliated graphite. 4 withdrawn
Materials described outside the worked examples.
layered graphite
hydrogen peroxide
H₂O₂
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG.3 Scanning electron micrographs of (A) exfoliated graphite worms and (B) NGPs.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
average thickness of nanographene plates after single reintercalation | ≤ 30 nm | nano-scaled graphene platelets |
Duration | 10–120 s |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 8,753,539Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1. Phase I essentially entails converting a laminar graphite material to exfoliated 25 graphite flakes 14 or NGPs 16 of intermediate thicknesses …
FIG.2 Schematic of an apparatus for electrochemical intercalation of graphite.
FIG.3 Scanning electron micrographs of (A) exfoliated graphite worms and (B) NGPs.
FIG.4 Platelet thickness distributions for NGPs prepared from prior art sulfuric-nitric acid- 20 intercalated graphite and formic acid/H₂ 0 2 intercalated …
FIG.5 of Ref. 10). Re-intercalation by liquid eutectic of sodium and potassium (NaK₂) and subsequent exfoliation yielded platelets with thicknesses of 2-150 nm …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
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A carboxylic-intercalated and hydrogen peroxide-oxidized graphite compound composition for the production of exfoliated graphite, flexible graphite, or nano-scaled graphene platelets, said composition eemprising consisting of a layered graphite selected from the group consisting of graphite fiber, graphitic nano-fiber, graphite fluoride, or a combination thereof; the layered graphite having interlayer spaces > r interstices and a carboxylic acid residing in at least one of said interstices, wherein the: arboxylic acid is an environmentally benign carboxylic acid selected from the group: onsisting of aromatic carboxylic acid, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carboxylic acid,:t raight chain or branched chain carboxylic acid, saturated and unsaturated nonocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and polycarboxylic acids that have 1 -10 carbon atoms, alkyl esters thereof, anhydrides thereof and combinations thereof, said intercalated compound is prepared by a chemical oxidation reaction which uses a combination of the: arboxylic acid and hydrogen peroxide as an intercalate source wherein the combination empr ises consists of a mixture of a carboxylic acid and hydrogen peroxide at a weight atio of about 100:1 to 100:50 and wherein reintercalation of the compound one time with the carboxylic acid yields nanographene plates having an average thickness less than JO nm.
The carboxylic-intercalated graphite compound of claim 16 vherein said carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids of the formula H(CH₂) n COOH, wherein n is a number of from 0 to 5, ncluding formic, acetic, propionic, butyric, pentanoic, and hexanoic acids, anhydrides thereof, reactive carboxylic acid derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof.
A carboxylic-intercalated and hydrogen peroxide oxidized graphite compound composition for the production of exfoliated graphite, flexible graphite, or nano-scaled graphene platelets, said composition compising consisting of a layered graphite with interlayer spaces or interstices and a carboxylic acid residing in at 2 Serial No.: 11/881,390 least one of said interstices, prepared by an electrochemical reaction which uses a carboxylic acid as both an electrolyte and an intercalate source, wherein said carboxylic acid comprises a member other than formic acid wherein the layered graphite is selected from graphite fiber, graphitic nano-fiber, graphite fluoride, or a combination thereof, and wherein the carboxylic acid is an enviro nm entally benign carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of aromatic carboxylic acid, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carboxylic acid, straight chain or branched chain carboxylic acid, saturated and unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and polycarboxylic acids that have 2-10 carbon atoms, alkyl esters thereof, anhydrides thereof and combinations thereof and wherein reintercalation of the compound one time with the carboxylic acid yields nano graphene plates having an average thickness less than 30 nm.
The carboxylic-intercalated graphite compound of claim 18 wherein the layered graphite is selected from synthetic graphite, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, graphite fiber, graphitic nanofiber, graphite oxide, graphite fluoride, chemically modified graphite, exfoliated graphite, or a combination thereof. 3 Serial No.: 11/881,390
A carboxylic-intercalated graphite compound composition for the production of exfoliated graphite, flexible graphite, or nano-scaled graphene platelets, said composition ee mnpising consisting of a layered graphite having interlayer spaces or interstices and a carboxylic acid residing in at least one of said interstices, wherein said composition is prepared by an electrochemical reaction which uses a carboxylic acid as an electrolyte and as an intercalate source and wherein said layered graphite material is selected from graphite fiber, graphitic nanofiber, graphite fluoride, exfoliated graphite, or a combination thereof wherein the carboxylic acid is an environmentally benign carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of aromatic carboxylic acid, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carboxylic acid, straight chain or branched chain carboxylic acid, saturated and unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and polycarboxylic acids that have 1 -10 carbon atoms, alkyl esters thereof, anhydrides thereof, and combinations thereof and wherein reintercalation of the compound one time with the carboxylic acid yields nano graphene plates having an average thickness less than 30 nm.
The carboxylic-intercalated graphite compound of claim 19 wherein said carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of acetic, propionic, butyric, pentanoic, and hexanoic acids, anhydrides thereof, reactive carboxylic acid derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof. withdrawn
A process comprising: (a) for m ing a carboxylic acid-intercalated graphite compound composition by a chemical oxidation reaction using a combination of a carboxylic acid and hydrogen peroxide; and (b) heating the intercalated graphite compound to a temperature for a length of time sufficient for producing exfoliated graphite. withdrawn
The process of claim 24 further comprising re-intercalating the exfoliated graphite by repeating step (a) to produce a further-intercalated graphite compound; and (d) heating the further intercalated graphite compound to a temperature and for a time sufficient to produce graphene platelets. withdrawn
A process comprising: (a) forming a carboxylic acid-intercalated graphite compound by an electrochemical reaction using a carboxylic acid as both an electrolyte and an intercalate source, the layered graphite material as an anode material, and a metal or graphite as a cathode material, and wherein a current is imposed upon the cathode and the anode at a current density for a duration of time sufficient for e ff ecting the electrochemical reaction; and (b) exposing the intercalated graphite compound to a thermal shock to produce exfoliated graphite. 4 withdrawn
Materials described outside the worked examples.
layered graphite
hydrogen peroxide
H₂O₂
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG.3 Scanning electron micrographs of (A) exfoliated graphite worms and (B) NGPs.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
average thickness of nanographene plates after single reintercalation | ≤ 30 nm | nano-scaled graphene platelets |
Duration | 10–120 s |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 8,753,539Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1. Phase I essentially entails converting a laminar graphite material to exfoliated 25 graphite flakes 14 or NGPs 16 of intermediate thicknesses …
FIG.2 Schematic of an apparatus for electrochemical intercalation of graphite.
FIG.3 Scanning electron micrographs of (A) exfoliated graphite worms and (B) NGPs.
FIG.4 Platelet thickness distributions for NGPs prepared from prior art sulfuric-nitric acid- 20 intercalated graphite and formic acid/H₂ 0 2 intercalated …
FIG.5 of Ref. 10). Re-intercalation by liquid eutectic of sodium and potassium (NaK₂) and subsequent exfoliation yielded platelets with thicknesses of 2-150 nm …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
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A carboxylic-intercalated and hydrogen peroxide-oxidized graphite compound composition for the production of exfoliated graphite, flexible graphite, or nano-scaled graphene platelets, said composition eemprising consisting of a layered graphite selected from the group consisting of graphite fiber, graphitic nano-fiber, graphite fluoride, or a combination thereof; the layered graphite having interlayer spaces > r interstices and a carboxylic acid residing in at least one of said interstices, wherein the: arboxylic acid is an environmentally benign carboxylic acid selected from the group: onsisting of aromatic carboxylic acid, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carboxylic acid,:t raight chain or branched chain carboxylic acid, saturated and unsaturated nonocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and polycarboxylic acids that have 1 -10 carbon atoms, alkyl esters thereof, anhydrides thereof and combinations thereof, said intercalated compound is prepared by a chemical oxidation reaction which uses a combination of the: arboxylic acid and hydrogen peroxide as an intercalate source wherein the combination empr ises consists of a mixture of a carboxylic acid and hydrogen peroxide at a weight atio of about 100:1 to 100:50 and wherein reintercalation of the compound one time with the carboxylic acid yields nanographene plates having an average thickness less than JO nm.
The carboxylic-intercalated graphite compound of claim 16 vherein said carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids of the formula H(CH₂) n COOH, wherein n is a number of from 0 to 5, ncluding formic, acetic, propionic, butyric, pentanoic, and hexanoic acids, anhydrides thereof, reactive carboxylic acid derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof.
A carboxylic-intercalated and hydrogen peroxide oxidized graphite compound composition for the production of exfoliated graphite, flexible graphite, or nano-scaled graphene platelets, said composition compising consisting of a layered graphite with interlayer spaces or interstices and a carboxylic acid residing in at 2 Serial No.: 11/881,390 least one of said interstices, prepared by an electrochemical reaction which uses a carboxylic acid as both an electrolyte and an intercalate source, wherein said carboxylic acid comprises a member other than formic acid wherein the layered graphite is selected from graphite fiber, graphitic nano-fiber, graphite fluoride, or a combination thereof, and wherein the carboxylic acid is an enviro nm entally benign carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of aromatic carboxylic acid, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carboxylic acid, straight chain or branched chain carboxylic acid, saturated and unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and polycarboxylic acids that have 2-10 carbon atoms, alkyl esters thereof, anhydrides thereof and combinations thereof and wherein reintercalation of the compound one time with the carboxylic acid yields nano graphene plates having an average thickness less than 30 nm.
The carboxylic-intercalated graphite compound of claim 18 wherein the layered graphite is selected from synthetic graphite, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, graphite fiber, graphitic nanofiber, graphite oxide, graphite fluoride, chemically modified graphite, exfoliated graphite, or a combination thereof. 3 Serial No.: 11/881,390
A carboxylic-intercalated graphite compound composition for the production of exfoliated graphite, flexible graphite, or nano-scaled graphene platelets, said composition ee mnpising consisting of a layered graphite having interlayer spaces or interstices and a carboxylic acid residing in at least one of said interstices, wherein said composition is prepared by an electrochemical reaction which uses a carboxylic acid as an electrolyte and as an intercalate source and wherein said layered graphite material is selected from graphite fiber, graphitic nanofiber, graphite fluoride, exfoliated graphite, or a combination thereof wherein the carboxylic acid is an environmentally benign carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of aromatic carboxylic acid, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carboxylic acid, straight chain or branched chain carboxylic acid, saturated and unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and polycarboxylic acids that have 1 -10 carbon atoms, alkyl esters thereof, anhydrides thereof, and combinations thereof and wherein reintercalation of the compound one time with the carboxylic acid yields nano graphene plates having an average thickness less than 30 nm.
The carboxylic-intercalated graphite compound of claim 19 wherein said carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of acetic, propionic, butyric, pentanoic, and hexanoic acids, anhydrides thereof, reactive carboxylic acid derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof. withdrawn
A process comprising: (a) for m ing a carboxylic acid-intercalated graphite compound composition by a chemical oxidation reaction using a combination of a carboxylic acid and hydrogen peroxide; and (b) heating the intercalated graphite compound to a temperature for a length of time sufficient for producing exfoliated graphite. withdrawn
The process of claim 24 further comprising re-intercalating the exfoliated graphite by repeating step (a) to produce a further-intercalated graphite compound; and (d) heating the further intercalated graphite compound to a temperature and for a time sufficient to produce graphene platelets. withdrawn
A process comprising: (a) forming a carboxylic acid-intercalated graphite compound by an electrochemical reaction using a carboxylic acid as both an electrolyte and an intercalate source, the layered graphite material as an anode material, and a metal or graphite as a cathode material, and wherein a current is imposed upon the cathode and the anode at a current density for a duration of time sufficient for e ff ecting the electrochemical reaction; and (b) exposing the intercalated graphite compound to a thermal shock to produce exfoliated graphite. 4 withdrawn
Materials described outside the worked examples.
layered graphite
hydrogen peroxide
H₂O₂
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG.3 Scanning electron micrographs of (A) exfoliated graphite worms and (B) NGPs.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
average thickness of nanographene plates after single reintercalation | ≤ 30 nm | nano-scaled graphene platelets |
Duration | 10–120 s |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 8,753,539Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1. Phase I essentially entails converting a laminar graphite material to exfoliated 25 graphite flakes 14 or NGPs 16 of intermediate thicknesses …
FIG.2 Schematic of an apparatus for electrochemical intercalation of graphite.
FIG.3 Scanning electron micrographs of (A) exfoliated graphite worms and (B) NGPs.
FIG.4 Platelet thickness distributions for NGPs prepared from prior art sulfuric-nitric acid- 20 intercalated graphite and formic acid/H₂ 0 2 intercalated …
FIG.5 of Ref. 10). Re-intercalation by liquid eutectic of sodium and potassium (NaK₂) and subsequent exfoliation yielded platelets with thicknesses of 2-150 nm …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
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A carboxylic-intercalated and hydrogen peroxide-oxidized graphite compound composition for the production of exfoliated graphite, flexible graphite, or nano-scaled graphene platelets, said composition eemprising consisting of a layered graphite selected from the group consisting of graphite fiber, graphitic nano-fiber, graphite fluoride, or a combination thereof; the layered graphite having interlayer spaces > r interstices and a carboxylic acid residing in at least one of said interstices, wherein the: arboxylic acid is an environmentally benign carboxylic acid selected from the group: onsisting of aromatic carboxylic acid, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carboxylic acid,:t raight chain or branched chain carboxylic acid, saturated and unsaturated nonocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and polycarboxylic acids that have 1 -10 carbon atoms, alkyl esters thereof, anhydrides thereof and combinations thereof, said intercalated compound is prepared by a chemical oxidation reaction which uses a combination of the: arboxylic acid and hydrogen peroxide as an intercalate source wherein the combination empr ises consists of a mixture of a carboxylic acid and hydrogen peroxide at a weight atio of about 100:1 to 100:50 and wherein reintercalation of the compound one time with the carboxylic acid yields nanographene plates having an average thickness less than JO nm.
The carboxylic-intercalated graphite compound of claim 16 vherein said carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids of the formula H(CH₂) n COOH, wherein n is a number of from 0 to 5, ncluding formic, acetic, propionic, butyric, pentanoic, and hexanoic acids, anhydrides thereof, reactive carboxylic acid derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof.
A carboxylic-intercalated and hydrogen peroxide oxidized graphite compound composition for the production of exfoliated graphite, flexible graphite, or nano-scaled graphene platelets, said composition compising consisting of a layered graphite with interlayer spaces or interstices and a carboxylic acid residing in at 2 Serial No.: 11/881,390 least one of said interstices, prepared by an electrochemical reaction which uses a carboxylic acid as both an electrolyte and an intercalate source, wherein said carboxylic acid comprises a member other than formic acid wherein the layered graphite is selected from graphite fiber, graphitic nano-fiber, graphite fluoride, or a combination thereof, and wherein the carboxylic acid is an enviro nm entally benign carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of aromatic carboxylic acid, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carboxylic acid, straight chain or branched chain carboxylic acid, saturated and unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and polycarboxylic acids that have 2-10 carbon atoms, alkyl esters thereof, anhydrides thereof and combinations thereof and wherein reintercalation of the compound one time with the carboxylic acid yields nano graphene plates having an average thickness less than 30 nm.
The carboxylic-intercalated graphite compound of claim 18 wherein the layered graphite is selected from synthetic graphite, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, graphite fiber, graphitic nanofiber, graphite oxide, graphite fluoride, chemically modified graphite, exfoliated graphite, or a combination thereof. 3 Serial No.: 11/881,390
A carboxylic-intercalated graphite compound composition for the production of exfoliated graphite, flexible graphite, or nano-scaled graphene platelets, said composition ee mnpising consisting of a layered graphite having interlayer spaces or interstices and a carboxylic acid residing in at least one of said interstices, wherein said composition is prepared by an electrochemical reaction which uses a carboxylic acid as an electrolyte and as an intercalate source and wherein said layered graphite material is selected from graphite fiber, graphitic nanofiber, graphite fluoride, exfoliated graphite, or a combination thereof wherein the carboxylic acid is an environmentally benign carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of aromatic carboxylic acid, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carboxylic acid, straight chain or branched chain carboxylic acid, saturated and unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and polycarboxylic acids that have 1 -10 carbon atoms, alkyl esters thereof, anhydrides thereof, and combinations thereof and wherein reintercalation of the compound one time with the carboxylic acid yields nano graphene plates having an average thickness less than 30 nm.
The carboxylic-intercalated graphite compound of claim 19 wherein said carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of acetic, propionic, butyric, pentanoic, and hexanoic acids, anhydrides thereof, reactive carboxylic acid derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof. withdrawn
A process comprising: (a) for m ing a carboxylic acid-intercalated graphite compound composition by a chemical oxidation reaction using a combination of a carboxylic acid and hydrogen peroxide; and (b) heating the intercalated graphite compound to a temperature for a length of time sufficient for producing exfoliated graphite. withdrawn
The process of claim 24 further comprising re-intercalating the exfoliated graphite by repeating step (a) to produce a further-intercalated graphite compound; and (d) heating the further intercalated graphite compound to a temperature and for a time sufficient to produce graphene platelets. withdrawn
A process comprising: (a) forming a carboxylic acid-intercalated graphite compound by an electrochemical reaction using a carboxylic acid as both an electrolyte and an intercalate source, the layered graphite material as an anode material, and a metal or graphite as a cathode material, and wherein a current is imposed upon the cathode and the anode at a current density for a duration of time sufficient for e ff ecting the electrochemical reaction; and (b) exposing the intercalated graphite compound to a thermal shock to produce exfoliated graphite. 4 withdrawn
Materials described outside the worked examples.
layered graphite
hydrogen peroxide
H₂O₂
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG.3 Scanning electron micrographs of (A) exfoliated graphite worms and (B) NGPs.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
average thickness of nanographene plates after single reintercalation | ≤ 30 nm | nano-scaled graphene platelets |
Duration | 10–120 s |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
carboxylic acid
nano-scaled graphene platelets
graphite intercalation compound (GIC)
exfoliated graphite
FIG.4 Platelet thickness distributions for NGPs prepared from prior art sulfuric-nitric acid- 20 intercalated graphite and formic acid/H₂ 0 2 intercalated …
| — |
Duration | 30–60 seconds | — |
Thickness | 0.34–0.36 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.65–0.73 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 10 nm | — |
Thickness | 10–30 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–10 nm | — |
Thickness | 10–15 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–150 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 2 nm | — |
carboxylic acid
nano-scaled graphene platelets
graphite intercalation compound (GIC)
exfoliated graphite
FIG.4 Platelet thickness distributions for NGPs prepared from prior art sulfuric-nitric acid- 20 intercalated graphite and formic acid/H₂ 0 2 intercalated …
| — |
Duration | 30–60 seconds | — |
Thickness | 0.34–0.36 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.65–0.73 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 10 nm | — |
Thickness | 10–30 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–10 nm | — |
Thickness | 10–15 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–150 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 2 nm | — |
carboxylic acid
nano-scaled graphene platelets
graphite intercalation compound (GIC)
exfoliated graphite
FIG.4 Platelet thickness distributions for NGPs prepared from prior art sulfuric-nitric acid- 20 intercalated graphite and formic acid/H₂ 0 2 intercalated …
| — |
Duration | 30–60 seconds | — |
Thickness | 0.34–0.36 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.65–0.73 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 10 nm | — |
Thickness | 10–30 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–10 nm | — |
Thickness | 10–15 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–150 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 2 nm | — |
carboxylic acid
nano-scaled graphene platelets
graphite intercalation compound (GIC)
exfoliated graphite
FIG.4 Platelet thickness distributions for NGPs prepared from prior art sulfuric-nitric acid- 20 intercalated graphite and formic acid/H₂ 0 2 intercalated …
| — |
Duration | 30–60 seconds | — |
Thickness | 0.34–0.36 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.65–0.73 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 10 nm | — |
Thickness | 10–30 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–10 nm | — |
Thickness | 10–15 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–150 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 2 nm | — |