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Figure 1. Schematic representation of one-pot synthesis of RGO/AgMF membrane.
Figure 2. SEM images of the RGO/AgNP and RGO/AgMF membrane with different AgN O 3 concentration. (a) 120 mM; (b) 1.2 M; (c, d) 2.4 M. Inset TEM image shows the dendritic AgMF structure intercalated in RGO layers. Reduction occurred at 110 * C for 16h; RGO concentration in NMP is 2.0 mg-SVG …
Figure 3. XRD pattern of RGO/AgNP and RGO/AgMF. Reduction occurred at 60 *C and 110 * C for 16 h respectively; AgN O 3 concentration is 60 mM and 2.4 M in RGO solution respectively.
Figure 4. (a,c,d) SEM images of RGO/AgMF membrane, (b) TEM image of RGO/AgMF membrane. Number 1-4 indicated the different layer of multiply AgMF structure.
Figure 5. TEM images of AgMF at different silver ions concentrations, reaction times and the insets are SAED for marked areas: (a) 1.2 M for 10 m in at 110 *C, (b) 1.2 M for 30 m in at 110 * C, (c) 1.2 M for 5 hat 110 * C, (d) 2.4 M for 5 h at 110 C.
Figure 6. (a) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of a pressure sensor; (b) Photo image of the fabricated sensor being folded; (c) Schematic showing a capacitive pressure sensor with RGO/AgMF layer as the electrodes (top) before and (bottom) after applying pressure.
Figure 7. (a) Schematic illusion of the experimental setup. (b) Sensitivity after repeated loading-unloading cycles at a frequency of 5 Hz. (c) Relative capacitance changes with wrist movement. (d) Relative capacitance changes with various human actions: walking, squatting and knee bending. (e) …
Figure 8. (a) Capacitance sensitive to light weight loading. Inset figure shows a small screw (0.1 g) on the surface of patterned RGO/AgMF/SIS sensor. (b) SEM images of the patterned SIS thin film with square pyramids arrays.
Figure 9. (a) XRD, (b) Raman spectra and (c) TGA curves of the pristine graphite, GO, RGO and RGO/AgNP, (d) EDX spectrum of RGO membrane with silver nanoparticles on the surface. Reducing AgN O 3 at 60 * C for 16h; AgN O 3 concentration is 60 mM; RGO concentration in NMP is 2.0 mg -mL 1. Figures …
Figure 12. TEM images of silver dendrites, demonstrating the morphological transition from fractal to flake growth for silver aggregates at different reduction time: (a) reduction occurred at 110 *C for 30 m in; (b) reduction occurred at 110 0C for 2h. AgN O 3 concentration: 2.4 M; RGO concentration: …
Figure 13. HRTEM images of a local part for dendritic AgMF. AgN O 3: 1.2 M; RGO: 2.0 mg -mL-'; Reduction occurred at 110 * C for 30 m in.
Figure 14. HRTEM images of dendritic AgMF. AgN O 3: 1.2 M; RGO: 2.0 mg -mL 1 SVG 15739091.12-21-2017.JBHAZSW₇RXEAPX4.SPEC.10.4.2073.479.2111.535.svg 0.187 0.127 Chemistry Black and white Reduction occurred at 110 * C for 16 hours.
Figure 15. Raman spectrum of RGO/AgNP and RGO/AgMF. Reduction occurred at 60 0C and 110 0C for 16 h respectively; AgN O 3 concentration is 2.4 M in RGO solution.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
Lim, B. W.; Lu, X. M.; Jiang, M. J.; Camargo, P. H. C.; Cho, E. C.; Lee, E. P.; Xia, Y. N. Facile Synthesis of Highly Faceted Multioctahedral Pt Nanocrystals through Controlled Overgrowth. Nano Le f t. 2008, 8, 4043-4047.
Sun, Y. G.; Xia, Y. N. Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles. Science 2002, 298, 2176-2179.
Xie, J. P.; Zheng, Y. G.; Ying, J. Y. Protein-Directed Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent Gold Nanoclusters. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 888-+.
Zhou, J. Y.; Saha, A.; Adamcik, J.; Hu, H. Q.; Kong, Q. S.; Li, C. X.; Mezzenga, R. Macroscopic Single-Crystal Gold Microflakes and Their Devices. Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 1945-1950.
Xu, F.; Zhu, Y. Highly Conductive and Stretchable Silver Nanowire Conductors. Adv. Mater. 2012, 24, 5117-5122.
Yao, S. S.; Zhu, Y. Wearable Multifunctional Sensors Using Printed Stretchable Conductors Made of Silver Nanowires. Nanoscale 2014, 6, 2345-2352.
Gong, S.; Schwalb, W.; Wang, Y. W.; Chen, Y.; Tang, Y.; Si, J.; Shirinzadeh, B.; Cheng, W. L. A Wearable and Highly Sensitive Pressure Sensor with Ultrathin Gold Nanowires. Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 3132.
Fang, J. X.; Ding, B. J.; Gleiter, H. Mesocrystals: Syntheses in Metals and Applications. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2011, 40, 5347-5360.
Brus, L. Size, Dimensionality, and Strong Electron Correlation in Nanoscience. Accounts. Chem. Res. 2014, 47, 2951-2959. 10. Fang, J. X.; Ma, X. N.; Ca i, H. H.; Song, X. P.; Ding, B. J.; Guo, Y. Double- Interface Growth Mode of Fractal Silver Trees within Replacement Reaction. App l. Phys. Le ft. 2006, 89, 173104.
Fang, J. X.; Ding, B. J.; Song, X. P. Self-assembly mechanism of platelike silver mesocrystal. App l. Phys. Le f t. 2007, 9 1, 083108. 12. Qin, H. L.; Wang, D.; Huang, Z. L.; Wu, D. M.; Zeng, Z. C.; Ren, B.; Xu, K.; Jin, J. Thickness-Controlled Synthesis of Ultrathin Au Sheets and surface Plasmonic Property. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 1 35, 12544-12547. 13. Bolotin, K. I.; Sikes, K. J.; Jiang, Z.; Klima, M.; Fudenberg, G.; Hone, J.; Kim, P.; Stormer, H. L. Ultrahigh Electron Mobility in Suspended Graphene. Solid S t ate Commun. 2008, 1 46, 351-355.
Balandin, A. A.; Ghosh, S.; Bao, W. Z.; Calizo, I.; Teweldebrhan, D.; Miao, F.; Lau, C. N. Superior Thermal Conductivity of Single-layer Graphene. Nano Le t t. 2008, 8, 902-907.
Stoller, M. D.; Park, S. J.; Zhu, Y. W.; An, J. H.; Ruoff, R. S. Graphene-Based Ultracapacitors. Nano Le f t. 2008, 8, 3498-3502.
Lu i, C. H.; Liu, L.; Mak, K. F.; Flynn, G. W.; Heinz, T. F. Ultraflat graphene. Nature 2009, 462, 339-341.
Ghosh, S.; Bao, W. Z.; Nika, D. L.; Subrina, S.; Pokatilov, E. P.; Lau, C. N.; Balandin, A. A. Dimensional Crossover of Thermal Transport in Few-layer Graphene. Nat. Mater. 2010, 9, 555-558.
Li, X. L.; Wang, X. R.; Zhang, L.; Lee, S. W.; Dai, H. J. Chemically Derived, Ultrasmooth Graphene Nanoribbon Semiconductors. Science 2008, 3 1 9, 1229-1232 19. Worsley, M. A.; Pauzauskie, P. J.; Olson, T. Y.; Biener, J.; Satcher, J. H.; Baumann, T. F. Synthesis of Graphene Aerogel with High Electrical Conductivity. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 1 32, 14067-14069. 20. Park, S.; Ruoff, R. S. Chemical Methods for the Production of Graphenes. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2009, 4, 217-224.
Zhu, Y. W.; Stoller, M. D.; Cai, W. W.; Velamakanni, A.; Piner, R. D.; Chen, D.; Ruoff, R. S. Exfoliation of Graphite Oxide in Propylene Carbonate and Thermal Reduction of the Resulting Graphene Oxide Platelets. Acs Nano 2010, 4, 1227-1233. 22. Park, S.; An, J. H.; Jung, I. W.; Piner, R. D.; An, S. J.; Li, X. S.; Velamakanni, A.; Ruoff, R. S. Colloidal Suspensions of Highly Reduced Graphene Oxide in a Wide Variety of Organic Solvents. Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 1593-1597. 23. Fang, J. X.; Ding, B. J.; Song, X. P. Self-Assembly Ability of Building Units in Mesocrystal, Structural, and Morphological Transitions in Ag Nanostructures Growth. Cr yst. Growth Des. 2008, 8, 3616-3622. 24. Xu, C.; Wang, X. Fabrication of Flexible Metal-Nanoparticte Film Using Graphene Oxide Sheets as Substrates. Sma ll 2009, 5, 2212-2217. 25. Zhou, X. Z.; Huang, X.; Qi, X. Y.; Wu, S. X.; Xue, C.; Boey, F. Y. C.; Yan, Q. Y.; Chen, P.; Zhang, H. In Situ Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles on Single-Layer Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Surfaces. J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 11 3, 10842-10846.
Jeon, S. H.; Xu, P.; Mack, N. H.; Chiang, L. Y.; Brown, L.; Wang, H. L. Understanding and Controlled Growth of Silver Nanoparticles Using Oxidized N- Methyl-pyrrolidone as a Reducing Agent. J. Phys. Chem. C 2010, 1 1 4, 36-40. 27. Penn, R. L.; Banfield, J. F. Imperfect Oriented Attachment: Dislocation Generation in Defect-Free Nanocrystals. Science 1998, 28 1, 969-971.
Fang, J. X.; You, H. J.; Kong, P.; Yi, Y.; Song, X. P.; Ding, B. J. Dendritic silver nanostructure growth and evolution in replacement reaction. C r yst. Growth Des. 2007, 7, 864-867.
Li, D. S.; Nielsen, M. H.; Lee, J. R. I.; Frandsen, C.; Banf i eld, J. F.; De Yoreo, J. J. Direction-Specific Interactions Control Crystal Growth by Oriented Attachment. Science 2012, 336, 1014-1018.
Mannsfeld, S. C. B.; Tee, B. C. K.; Stoltenberg, R. M.; Chen, C. V. H. H.; Barman, S.; Muir, B. V. O.; Sokolov, A. N.; Reese, C.; Bao, Z. N. Highly Sensitive Flexible Pressure Sensors with Microstructured Rubber Dielectric Layers. Nat. Mater. 2010, 9, 859-864.
Lipomi, D. J.; Vosgueritchian, M.; Tee, B. C. K.; Hellstrom, S. L.; Lee, J. A.; Fox, C. H.; Bao, Z. N. Skin-like Pressure and Strain Sensors Based on Transparent Elastic Films of Carbon Nanotubes. Nat. Nanotechno. 2011, 6, 788-792. 32. Ying, M.; Bonifas, A. P.; Lu, N. S.; Su, Y. W.; Li, R.; Cheng, H. Y.; Ameen, A.; Huang, Y. G.; Rogers, J. A. Silicon Nanomembranes for Fingertip Electronics. Nanotechno l ogy 2012, 23, 344004.
Fan, F. R.; Lin, L.; Zhu, G.; Wu, W. Z.; Zhang, R.; Wang, Z. L. Transparent Triboelectric Nanogenerators and Self-Powered Pressure Sensors Based on Micropatterned Plastic Films. Nano Le tt. 2012, 1 2, 3109-3114. 34. He, D. P.; Jiang, Y. L.; Lv, H. F.; Pan, M.; Mu, S. C. Nitrogen-doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Supports for Noble Metal Catalysts with Greatly Enhanced Activity and Stability. App l. Catal. B -environ 2013, 132, 379-388. 35. Hummers, W. S.; Offeman, R. E. Preparation of Graphitic Oxide. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 1339-1339. SUPPORTING INFORMATION Characterization of hybrid membranes X-ray diffraction (XRD) The structural changes arising from the oxidation of graphite and the reduction of GO can be examined by the XRD technique. As shown in Figure 9a, pristine graphite exhibits a characteristic sharp peak at 2 6 = 2 6.80 corresponding to a d-spacing of 0.33 nm. After oxidization of graphite to GO using the Hummers method, this peak shifts downward to a lower angle (2 6 = 10. 6*) with a corresponding d-spacing of 0.83 nm. This can be attributed to the expansion of the 0.50 nm space between typical graphene sheets, which is caused by the presence of a small amount of residual oxygen-containing groups on GO sheets. 13] While for the XRD pattern of RGO, this sharp peak disappeared, and became a broader shoulder at around 11.5 *, corresponding to 0.76 nm of d-spacing. In addition, another broad peak centered at around 25.5 * was observed, corresponding to an interlayer spacing of about 0.36 nm. The presence of this peak in RGO sheet indicates that some parts of the GO sheets were reduced successfully which induced the decrease in the spacing. The major diffraction peaks in the powder pattern ofRGO/AgNP at 2 A = SVG 15739091.12-21-2017.JBHAZSW₇RXEAPX4.SPEC.28.11.759.1092.1026.1141.svg 0.163 0.89 Chemistry Black and white 64.6 0, and 77.5* can be assigned to the (111),(200), (220), and (311) crystalline planes of silver, respectively, which indicated that the reduced silver nanoparticles are composed of pure crystalline silver and own face-centered cubic (fcc) phase (JCPDS Crad File, 4-783). However, there is no distinguishable diffraction peaks of RGO, GO or graphite were observed in RGO/AgNP sample. A possible reason is that the strong Ag signals may cover the RGO diffraction peaks. Another possibility is that the regular stacks of graphene sheets or graphite are destroyed by exfoliation after deposition of the metal particles. 5 The SEM images (Figure 10) confirmed the deposition of AgNP on graphene sheets, and the distance between the sheets was expanded. Raman spec tra The Raman spectrum of pristine graphite exhibited two intense peaks at 1352 and 1582 c m"', corresponding to the D and G bands respectively (Figure 9b). The G peak of GO red shifted to 1601 cm ", due to the introduction of oxygen-containing groups, which indicates a higher degree of disorder or more defects in GO. Afterreduction, the G peak blue shifted to 1585 cm 1 SVG 15739091.12-21-2017.JBHAZSW₇RXEAPX4.SPEC.28.26.1322.2465.1569.2525.svg 0.20 0.823 Chemistry Black and white a successful reduction toGO. This can also be verified by the ratio of/IG. The G band is related to the in- plane vibration of sp 2 -bonded carbon atoms, while the D band is associated with the vibration of carbon atoms with sp 3 electronic configuration of disordered graphene. The/Du G rati o of RGO (0.917), as calculated from Figure 9b, was found higher than that of GO (0.835), revealing a substantial reduction in the content of the sp 3-bonded carbon atoms and the oxidized molecular defects. 671 It was found that the RGO/AgNP showed a similar D and G peak in Raman spectra, but the intensities of D and G were much higher than those of RGO under comparable test conditions. This surface enhanced Raman spectrum (SER S) phenomenon is caused by thecharge-transfer interaction between RGO and SVG 15739091.12-21-2017.JBHAZSW₇RXEAPX4.SPEC.29.3.1340.391.1501.449.svg 0.193 0.537 Chemistry Black and white Thermogravime t ric analysis (TGA) From Figure 9c, a good thermal stability reaching a very high temperature (800 0C) was observed for graphite. In contrast, GO sheet exhibited poorer thermal stability. TGA plot shows a loss of about 20 wt% at 100 * C, which can be attributedto water molecules loss of stacked graphene oxide SVG 15739091.12-21-2017.JBHAZSW₇RXEAPX4.SPEC.29.8.1447.905.1619.955.svg 0.167 0.573 Chemistry Black and white While RGO sheet showsa much smaller weight loss at 100 * C (less than 5 wt%), suggesting a smaller amount of water or organic molecules are trapped in the RGO structures. Compared with RGO itself, the TGA curve of RGO/AgNP displayed a similar profile, indicating that the reduction of silver particles did not affect materially the thermal stability of RGO, e.g., a good thermal stability can be retained of RGO/AgNP hybrid. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (ED X) The direct evidence of silver particles deposited on RGO sheets was obtained by EDX. Figure 9d showed a typica l SEM cross-section image of RGO/AgNP hybrid. A lot of nanoparticles were observed on RGO surface. The larger silver peak showed in EDX result indicated that the particles deposited on RGO surface were silver nanoparticles. The oxygenated group existed in RGO sheet takes an effect in absorbing metal ions and metal nanoparticles. 9 These oxygen species are uniformly distributed on the RGO surface and would provide active sites to absorb silver ions. RGO sheets also could provide a large support surface to disperse Ag * ions. So in situ reduction of Ag * ions allowed AgNPs to distribute uniformly and anchor onto RGO nanosheets, as shown in Figure 10 a. Meanwhile, NMP also takes a very important role in reducing Ag * ions to AgNPs. First, NMP was oxidized in the presence of heat to form a peroxide species, and then further transformed NMP to 5-hydroxy-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone which acted as a reducing agent for reducing SVG 15739091.12-21-2017.JBHAZSW₇RXEAPX4.SPEC.29.27.2046.2632.2126.2687.svg 0.183 0.267 Chemistry Black and white ions to AgNPs. References 1-10 for Su pp ortin q Information Section
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
pressure sensor
Materials described outside the worked examples.
reduced graphene oxide
silver nanoparticles
Ag
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figure 2. SEM images of the RGO/AgNP and RGO/AgMF membrane with different AgN O 3 concentration. (a) 120 mM; (b) 1.2 M; (c, d) 2.4 M. Inset TEM image shows the dendritic AgMF structure intercalated in RGO layers. Reduction occurred at 110 * C for 16h; RGO concentration in NMP is 2.0 mg-SVG …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
electronic conductivity at least 7e5 S/cm | — | RGO/AgNP hybrid |
d-spacing of GO (2theta=10.6 deg) | 0.83 nm |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
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US 10,807,048Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1. Schematic representation of one-pot synthesis of RGO/AgMF membrane.
Figure 2. SEM images of the RGO/AgNP and RGO/AgMF membrane with different AgN O 3 concentration. (a) 120 mM; (b) 1.2 M; (c, d) 2.4 M. Inset TEM image shows the dendritic AgMF structure intercalated in RGO layers. Reduction occurred at 110 * C for 16h; RGO concentration in NMP is 2.0 mg-SVG …
Figure 3. XRD pattern of RGO/AgNP and RGO/AgMF. Reduction occurred at 60 *C and 110 * C for 16 h respectively; AgN O 3 concentration is 60 mM and 2.4 M in RGO solution respectively.
Figure 4. (a,c,d) SEM images of RGO/AgMF membrane, (b) TEM image of RGO/AgMF membrane. Number 1-4 indicated the different layer of multiply AgMF structure.
Figure 5. TEM images of AgMF at different silver ions concentrations, reaction times and the insets are SAED for marked areas: (a) 1.2 M for 10 m in at 110 *C, (b) 1.2 M for 30 m in at 110 * C, (c) 1.2 M for 5 hat 110 * C, (d) 2.4 M for 5 h at 110 C.
Figure 6. (a) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of a pressure sensor; (b) Photo image of the fabricated sensor being folded; (c) Schematic showing a capacitive pressure sensor with RGO/AgMF layer as the electrodes (top) before and (bottom) after applying pressure.
Figure 7. (a) Schematic illusion of the experimental setup. (b) Sensitivity after repeated loading-unloading cycles at a frequency of 5 Hz. (c) Relative capacitance changes with wrist movement. (d) Relative capacitance changes with various human actions: walking, squatting and knee bending. (e) …
Figure 8. (a) Capacitance sensitive to light weight loading. Inset figure shows a small screw (0.1 g) on the surface of patterned RGO/AgMF/SIS sensor. (b) SEM images of the patterned SIS thin film with square pyramids arrays.
Figure 9. (a) XRD, (b) Raman spectra and (c) TGA curves of the pristine graphite, GO, RGO and RGO/AgNP, (d) EDX spectrum of RGO membrane with silver nanoparticles on the surface. Reducing AgN O 3 at 60 * C for 16h; AgN O 3 concentration is 60 mM; RGO concentration in NMP is 2.0 mg -mL 1. Figures …
Figure 12. TEM images of silver dendrites, demonstrating the morphological transition from fractal to flake growth for silver aggregates at different reduction time: (a) reduction occurred at 110 *C for 30 m in; (b) reduction occurred at 110 0C for 2h. AgN O 3 concentration: 2.4 M; RGO concentration: …
Figure 13. HRTEM images of a local part for dendritic AgMF. AgN O 3: 1.2 M; RGO: 2.0 mg -mL-'; Reduction occurred at 110 * C for 30 m in.
Figure 14. HRTEM images of dendritic AgMF. AgN O 3: 1.2 M; RGO: 2.0 mg -mL 1 SVG 15739091.12-21-2017.JBHAZSW₇RXEAPX4.SPEC.10.4.2073.479.2111.535.svg 0.187 0.127 Chemistry Black and white Reduction occurred at 110 * C for 16 hours.
Figure 15. Raman spectrum of RGO/AgNP and RGO/AgMF. Reduction occurred at 60 0C and 110 0C for 16 h respectively; AgN O 3 concentration is 2.4 M in RGO solution.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
Lim, B. W.; Lu, X. M.; Jiang, M. J.; Camargo, P. H. C.; Cho, E. C.; Lee, E. P.; Xia, Y. N. Facile Synthesis of Highly Faceted Multioctahedral Pt Nanocrystals through Controlled Overgrowth. Nano Le f t. 2008, 8, 4043-4047.
Sun, Y. G.; Xia, Y. N. Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles. Science 2002, 298, 2176-2179.
Xie, J. P.; Zheng, Y. G.; Ying, J. Y. Protein-Directed Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent Gold Nanoclusters. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 888-+.
Zhou, J. Y.; Saha, A.; Adamcik, J.; Hu, H. Q.; Kong, Q. S.; Li, C. X.; Mezzenga, R. Macroscopic Single-Crystal Gold Microflakes and Their Devices. Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 1945-1950.
Xu, F.; Zhu, Y. Highly Conductive and Stretchable Silver Nanowire Conductors. Adv. Mater. 2012, 24, 5117-5122.
Yao, S. S.; Zhu, Y. Wearable Multifunctional Sensors Using Printed Stretchable Conductors Made of Silver Nanowires. Nanoscale 2014, 6, 2345-2352.
Gong, S.; Schwalb, W.; Wang, Y. W.; Chen, Y.; Tang, Y.; Si, J.; Shirinzadeh, B.; Cheng, W. L. A Wearable and Highly Sensitive Pressure Sensor with Ultrathin Gold Nanowires. Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 3132.
Fang, J. X.; Ding, B. J.; Gleiter, H. Mesocrystals: Syntheses in Metals and Applications. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2011, 40, 5347-5360.
Brus, L. Size, Dimensionality, and Strong Electron Correlation in Nanoscience. Accounts. Chem. Res. 2014, 47, 2951-2959. 10. Fang, J. X.; Ma, X. N.; Ca i, H. H.; Song, X. P.; Ding, B. J.; Guo, Y. Double- Interface Growth Mode of Fractal Silver Trees within Replacement Reaction. App l. Phys. Le ft. 2006, 89, 173104.
Fang, J. X.; Ding, B. J.; Song, X. P. Self-assembly mechanism of platelike silver mesocrystal. App l. Phys. Le f t. 2007, 9 1, 083108. 12. Qin, H. L.; Wang, D.; Huang, Z. L.; Wu, D. M.; Zeng, Z. C.; Ren, B.; Xu, K.; Jin, J. Thickness-Controlled Synthesis of Ultrathin Au Sheets and surface Plasmonic Property. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 1 35, 12544-12547. 13. Bolotin, K. I.; Sikes, K. J.; Jiang, Z.; Klima, M.; Fudenberg, G.; Hone, J.; Kim, P.; Stormer, H. L. Ultrahigh Electron Mobility in Suspended Graphene. Solid S t ate Commun. 2008, 1 46, 351-355.
Balandin, A. A.; Ghosh, S.; Bao, W. Z.; Calizo, I.; Teweldebrhan, D.; Miao, F.; Lau, C. N. Superior Thermal Conductivity of Single-layer Graphene. Nano Le t t. 2008, 8, 902-907.
Stoller, M. D.; Park, S. J.; Zhu, Y. W.; An, J. H.; Ruoff, R. S. Graphene-Based Ultracapacitors. Nano Le f t. 2008, 8, 3498-3502.
Lu i, C. H.; Liu, L.; Mak, K. F.; Flynn, G. W.; Heinz, T. F. Ultraflat graphene. Nature 2009, 462, 339-341.
Ghosh, S.; Bao, W. Z.; Nika, D. L.; Subrina, S.; Pokatilov, E. P.; Lau, C. N.; Balandin, A. A. Dimensional Crossover of Thermal Transport in Few-layer Graphene. Nat. Mater. 2010, 9, 555-558.
Li, X. L.; Wang, X. R.; Zhang, L.; Lee, S. W.; Dai, H. J. Chemically Derived, Ultrasmooth Graphene Nanoribbon Semiconductors. Science 2008, 3 1 9, 1229-1232 19. Worsley, M. A.; Pauzauskie, P. J.; Olson, T. Y.; Biener, J.; Satcher, J. H.; Baumann, T. F. Synthesis of Graphene Aerogel with High Electrical Conductivity. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 1 32, 14067-14069. 20. Park, S.; Ruoff, R. S. Chemical Methods for the Production of Graphenes. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2009, 4, 217-224.
Zhu, Y. W.; Stoller, M. D.; Cai, W. W.; Velamakanni, A.; Piner, R. D.; Chen, D.; Ruoff, R. S. Exfoliation of Graphite Oxide in Propylene Carbonate and Thermal Reduction of the Resulting Graphene Oxide Platelets. Acs Nano 2010, 4, 1227-1233. 22. Park, S.; An, J. H.; Jung, I. W.; Piner, R. D.; An, S. J.; Li, X. S.; Velamakanni, A.; Ruoff, R. S. Colloidal Suspensions of Highly Reduced Graphene Oxide in a Wide Variety of Organic Solvents. Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 1593-1597. 23. Fang, J. X.; Ding, B. J.; Song, X. P. Self-Assembly Ability of Building Units in Mesocrystal, Structural, and Morphological Transitions in Ag Nanostructures Growth. Cr yst. Growth Des. 2008, 8, 3616-3622. 24. Xu, C.; Wang, X. Fabrication of Flexible Metal-Nanoparticte Film Using Graphene Oxide Sheets as Substrates. Sma ll 2009, 5, 2212-2217. 25. Zhou, X. Z.; Huang, X.; Qi, X. Y.; Wu, S. X.; Xue, C.; Boey, F. Y. C.; Yan, Q. Y.; Chen, P.; Zhang, H. In Situ Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles on Single-Layer Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Surfaces. J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 11 3, 10842-10846.
Jeon, S. H.; Xu, P.; Mack, N. H.; Chiang, L. Y.; Brown, L.; Wang, H. L. Understanding and Controlled Growth of Silver Nanoparticles Using Oxidized N- Methyl-pyrrolidone as a Reducing Agent. J. Phys. Chem. C 2010, 1 1 4, 36-40. 27. Penn, R. L.; Banfield, J. F. Imperfect Oriented Attachment: Dislocation Generation in Defect-Free Nanocrystals. Science 1998, 28 1, 969-971.
Fang, J. X.; You, H. J.; Kong, P.; Yi, Y.; Song, X. P.; Ding, B. J. Dendritic silver nanostructure growth and evolution in replacement reaction. C r yst. Growth Des. 2007, 7, 864-867.
Li, D. S.; Nielsen, M. H.; Lee, J. R. I.; Frandsen, C.; Banf i eld, J. F.; De Yoreo, J. J. Direction-Specific Interactions Control Crystal Growth by Oriented Attachment. Science 2012, 336, 1014-1018.
Mannsfeld, S. C. B.; Tee, B. C. K.; Stoltenberg, R. M.; Chen, C. V. H. H.; Barman, S.; Muir, B. V. O.; Sokolov, A. N.; Reese, C.; Bao, Z. N. Highly Sensitive Flexible Pressure Sensors with Microstructured Rubber Dielectric Layers. Nat. Mater. 2010, 9, 859-864.
Lipomi, D. J.; Vosgueritchian, M.; Tee, B. C. K.; Hellstrom, S. L.; Lee, J. A.; Fox, C. H.; Bao, Z. N. Skin-like Pressure and Strain Sensors Based on Transparent Elastic Films of Carbon Nanotubes. Nat. Nanotechno. 2011, 6, 788-792. 32. Ying, M.; Bonifas, A. P.; Lu, N. S.; Su, Y. W.; Li, R.; Cheng, H. Y.; Ameen, A.; Huang, Y. G.; Rogers, J. A. Silicon Nanomembranes for Fingertip Electronics. Nanotechno l ogy 2012, 23, 344004.
Fan, F. R.; Lin, L.; Zhu, G.; Wu, W. Z.; Zhang, R.; Wang, Z. L. Transparent Triboelectric Nanogenerators and Self-Powered Pressure Sensors Based on Micropatterned Plastic Films. Nano Le tt. 2012, 1 2, 3109-3114. 34. He, D. P.; Jiang, Y. L.; Lv, H. F.; Pan, M.; Mu, S. C. Nitrogen-doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Supports for Noble Metal Catalysts with Greatly Enhanced Activity and Stability. App l. Catal. B -environ 2013, 132, 379-388. 35. Hummers, W. S.; Offeman, R. E. Preparation of Graphitic Oxide. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 1339-1339. SUPPORTING INFORMATION Characterization of hybrid membranes X-ray diffraction (XRD) The structural changes arising from the oxidation of graphite and the reduction of GO can be examined by the XRD technique. As shown in Figure 9a, pristine graphite exhibits a characteristic sharp peak at 2 6 = 2 6.80 corresponding to a d-spacing of 0.33 nm. After oxidization of graphite to GO using the Hummers method, this peak shifts downward to a lower angle (2 6 = 10. 6*) with a corresponding d-spacing of 0.83 nm. This can be attributed to the expansion of the 0.50 nm space between typical graphene sheets, which is caused by the presence of a small amount of residual oxygen-containing groups on GO sheets. 13] While for the XRD pattern of RGO, this sharp peak disappeared, and became a broader shoulder at around 11.5 *, corresponding to 0.76 nm of d-spacing. In addition, another broad peak centered at around 25.5 * was observed, corresponding to an interlayer spacing of about 0.36 nm. The presence of this peak in RGO sheet indicates that some parts of the GO sheets were reduced successfully which induced the decrease in the spacing. The major diffraction peaks in the powder pattern ofRGO/AgNP at 2 A = SVG 15739091.12-21-2017.JBHAZSW₇RXEAPX4.SPEC.28.11.759.1092.1026.1141.svg 0.163 0.89 Chemistry Black and white 64.6 0, and 77.5* can be assigned to the (111),(200), (220), and (311) crystalline planes of silver, respectively, which indicated that the reduced silver nanoparticles are composed of pure crystalline silver and own face-centered cubic (fcc) phase (JCPDS Crad File, 4-783). However, there is no distinguishable diffraction peaks of RGO, GO or graphite were observed in RGO/AgNP sample. A possible reason is that the strong Ag signals may cover the RGO diffraction peaks. Another possibility is that the regular stacks of graphene sheets or graphite are destroyed by exfoliation after deposition of the metal particles. 5 The SEM images (Figure 10) confirmed the deposition of AgNP on graphene sheets, and the distance between the sheets was expanded. Raman spec tra The Raman spectrum of pristine graphite exhibited two intense peaks at 1352 and 1582 c m"', corresponding to the D and G bands respectively (Figure 9b). The G peak of GO red shifted to 1601 cm ", due to the introduction of oxygen-containing groups, which indicates a higher degree of disorder or more defects in GO. Afterreduction, the G peak blue shifted to 1585 cm 1 SVG 15739091.12-21-2017.JBHAZSW₇RXEAPX4.SPEC.28.26.1322.2465.1569.2525.svg 0.20 0.823 Chemistry Black and white a successful reduction toGO. This can also be verified by the ratio of/IG. The G band is related to the in- plane vibration of sp 2 -bonded carbon atoms, while the D band is associated with the vibration of carbon atoms with sp 3 electronic configuration of disordered graphene. The/Du G rati o of RGO (0.917), as calculated from Figure 9b, was found higher than that of GO (0.835), revealing a substantial reduction in the content of the sp 3-bonded carbon atoms and the oxidized molecular defects. 671 It was found that the RGO/AgNP showed a similar D and G peak in Raman spectra, but the intensities of D and G were much higher than those of RGO under comparable test conditions. This surface enhanced Raman spectrum (SER S) phenomenon is caused by thecharge-transfer interaction between RGO and SVG 15739091.12-21-2017.JBHAZSW₇RXEAPX4.SPEC.29.3.1340.391.1501.449.svg 0.193 0.537 Chemistry Black and white Thermogravime t ric analysis (TGA) From Figure 9c, a good thermal stability reaching a very high temperature (800 0C) was observed for graphite. In contrast, GO sheet exhibited poorer thermal stability. TGA plot shows a loss of about 20 wt% at 100 * C, which can be attributedto water molecules loss of stacked graphene oxide SVG 15739091.12-21-2017.JBHAZSW₇RXEAPX4.SPEC.29.8.1447.905.1619.955.svg 0.167 0.573 Chemistry Black and white While RGO sheet showsa much smaller weight loss at 100 * C (less than 5 wt%), suggesting a smaller amount of water or organic molecules are trapped in the RGO structures. Compared with RGO itself, the TGA curve of RGO/AgNP displayed a similar profile, indicating that the reduction of silver particles did not affect materially the thermal stability of RGO, e.g., a good thermal stability can be retained of RGO/AgNP hybrid. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (ED X) The direct evidence of silver particles deposited on RGO sheets was obtained by EDX. Figure 9d showed a typica l SEM cross-section image of RGO/AgNP hybrid. A lot of nanoparticles were observed on RGO surface. The larger silver peak showed in EDX result indicated that the particles deposited on RGO surface were silver nanoparticles. The oxygenated group existed in RGO sheet takes an effect in absorbing metal ions and metal nanoparticles. 9 These oxygen species are uniformly distributed on the RGO surface and would provide active sites to absorb silver ions. RGO sheets also could provide a large support surface to disperse Ag * ions. So in situ reduction of Ag * ions allowed AgNPs to distribute uniformly and anchor onto RGO nanosheets, as shown in Figure 10 a. Meanwhile, NMP also takes a very important role in reducing Ag * ions to AgNPs. First, NMP was oxidized in the presence of heat to form a peroxide species, and then further transformed NMP to 5-hydroxy-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone which acted as a reducing agent for reducing SVG 15739091.12-21-2017.JBHAZSW₇RXEAPX4.SPEC.29.27.2046.2632.2126.2687.svg 0.183 0.267 Chemistry Black and white ions to AgNPs. References 1-10 for Su pp ortin q Information Section
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
pressure sensor
Materials described outside the worked examples.
reduced graphene oxide
silver nanoparticles
Ag
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figure 2. SEM images of the RGO/AgNP and RGO/AgMF membrane with different AgN O 3 concentration. (a) 120 mM; (b) 1.2 M; (c, d) 2.4 M. Inset TEM image shows the dendritic AgMF structure intercalated in RGO layers. Reduction occurred at 110 * C for 16h; RGO concentration in NMP is 2.0 mg-SVG …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
electronic conductivity at least 7e5 S/cm | — | RGO/AgNP hybrid |
d-spacing of GO (2theta=10.6 deg) | 0.83 nm |
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Patent
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US 10,807,048Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1. Schematic representation of one-pot synthesis of RGO/AgMF membrane.
Figure 2. SEM images of the RGO/AgNP and RGO/AgMF membrane with different AgN O 3 concentration. (a) 120 mM; (b) 1.2 M; (c, d) 2.4 M. Inset TEM image shows the dendritic AgMF structure intercalated in RGO layers. Reduction occurred at 110 * C for 16h; RGO concentration in NMP is 2.0 mg-SVG …
Figure 3. XRD pattern of RGO/AgNP and RGO/AgMF. Reduction occurred at 60 *C and 110 * C for 16 h respectively; AgN O 3 concentration is 60 mM and 2.4 M in RGO solution respectively.
Figure 4. (a,c,d) SEM images of RGO/AgMF membrane, (b) TEM image of RGO/AgMF membrane. Number 1-4 indicated the different layer of multiply AgMF structure.
Figure 5. TEM images of AgMF at different silver ions concentrations, reaction times and the insets are SAED for marked areas: (a) 1.2 M for 10 m in at 110 *C, (b) 1.2 M for 30 m in at 110 * C, (c) 1.2 M for 5 hat 110 * C, (d) 2.4 M for 5 h at 110 C.
Figure 6. (a) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of a pressure sensor; (b) Photo image of the fabricated sensor being folded; (c) Schematic showing a capacitive pressure sensor with RGO/AgMF layer as the electrodes (top) before and (bottom) after applying pressure.
Figure 7. (a) Schematic illusion of the experimental setup. (b) Sensitivity after repeated loading-unloading cycles at a frequency of 5 Hz. (c) Relative capacitance changes with wrist movement. (d) Relative capacitance changes with various human actions: walking, squatting and knee bending. (e) …
Figure 8. (a) Capacitance sensitive to light weight loading. Inset figure shows a small screw (0.1 g) on the surface of patterned RGO/AgMF/SIS sensor. (b) SEM images of the patterned SIS thin film with square pyramids arrays.
Figure 9. (a) XRD, (b) Raman spectra and (c) TGA curves of the pristine graphite, GO, RGO and RGO/AgNP, (d) EDX spectrum of RGO membrane with silver nanoparticles on the surface. Reducing AgN O 3 at 60 * C for 16h; AgN O 3 concentration is 60 mM; RGO concentration in NMP is 2.0 mg -mL 1. Figures …
Figure 12. TEM images of silver dendrites, demonstrating the morphological transition from fractal to flake growth for silver aggregates at different reduction time: (a) reduction occurred at 110 *C for 30 m in; (b) reduction occurred at 110 0C for 2h. AgN O 3 concentration: 2.4 M; RGO concentration: …
Figure 13. HRTEM images of a local part for dendritic AgMF. AgN O 3: 1.2 M; RGO: 2.0 mg -mL-'; Reduction occurred at 110 * C for 30 m in.
Figure 14. HRTEM images of dendritic AgMF. AgN O 3: 1.2 M; RGO: 2.0 mg -mL 1 SVG 15739091.12-21-2017.JBHAZSW₇RXEAPX4.SPEC.10.4.2073.479.2111.535.svg 0.187 0.127 Chemistry Black and white Reduction occurred at 110 * C for 16 hours.
Figure 15. Raman spectrum of RGO/AgNP and RGO/AgMF. Reduction occurred at 60 0C and 110 0C for 16 h respectively; AgN O 3 concentration is 2.4 M in RGO solution.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
Lim, B. W.; Lu, X. M.; Jiang, M. J.; Camargo, P. H. C.; Cho, E. C.; Lee, E. P.; Xia, Y. N. Facile Synthesis of Highly Faceted Multioctahedral Pt Nanocrystals through Controlled Overgrowth. Nano Le f t. 2008, 8, 4043-4047.
Sun, Y. G.; Xia, Y. N. Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles. Science 2002, 298, 2176-2179.
Xie, J. P.; Zheng, Y. G.; Ying, J. Y. Protein-Directed Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent Gold Nanoclusters. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 888-+.
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Li, X. L.; Wang, X. R.; Zhang, L.; Lee, S. W.; Dai, H. J. Chemically Derived, Ultrasmooth Graphene Nanoribbon Semiconductors. Science 2008, 3 1 9, 1229-1232 19. Worsley, M. A.; Pauzauskie, P. J.; Olson, T. Y.; Biener, J.; Satcher, J. H.; Baumann, T. F. Synthesis of Graphene Aerogel with High Electrical Conductivity. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 1 32, 14067-14069. 20. Park, S.; Ruoff, R. S. Chemical Methods for the Production of Graphenes. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2009, 4, 217-224.
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Mannsfeld, S. C. B.; Tee, B. C. K.; Stoltenberg, R. M.; Chen, C. V. H. H.; Barman, S.; Muir, B. V. O.; Sokolov, A. N.; Reese, C.; Bao, Z. N. Highly Sensitive Flexible Pressure Sensors with Microstructured Rubber Dielectric Layers. Nat. Mater. 2010, 9, 859-864.
Lipomi, D. J.; Vosgueritchian, M.; Tee, B. C. K.; Hellstrom, S. L.; Lee, J. A.; Fox, C. H.; Bao, Z. N. Skin-like Pressure and Strain Sensors Based on Transparent Elastic Films of Carbon Nanotubes. Nat. Nanotechno. 2011, 6, 788-792. 32. Ying, M.; Bonifas, A. P.; Lu, N. S.; Su, Y. W.; Li, R.; Cheng, H. Y.; Ameen, A.; Huang, Y. G.; Rogers, J. A. Silicon Nanomembranes for Fingertip Electronics. Nanotechno l ogy 2012, 23, 344004.
Fan, F. R.; Lin, L.; Zhu, G.; Wu, W. Z.; Zhang, R.; Wang, Z. L. Transparent Triboelectric Nanogenerators and Self-Powered Pressure Sensors Based on Micropatterned Plastic Films. Nano Le tt. 2012, 1 2, 3109-3114. 34. He, D. P.; Jiang, Y. L.; Lv, H. F.; Pan, M.; Mu, S. C. Nitrogen-doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Supports for Noble Metal Catalysts with Greatly Enhanced Activity and Stability. App l. Catal. B -environ 2013, 132, 379-388. 35. Hummers, W. S.; Offeman, R. E. Preparation of Graphitic Oxide. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 1339-1339. SUPPORTING INFORMATION Characterization of hybrid membranes X-ray diffraction (XRD) The structural changes arising from the oxidation of graphite and the reduction of GO can be examined by the XRD technique. As shown in Figure 9a, pristine graphite exhibits a characteristic sharp peak at 2 6 = 2 6.80 corresponding to a d-spacing of 0.33 nm. After oxidization of graphite to GO using the Hummers method, this peak shifts downward to a lower angle (2 6 = 10. 6*) with a corresponding d-spacing of 0.83 nm. This can be attributed to the expansion of the 0.50 nm space between typical graphene sheets, which is caused by the presence of a small amount of residual oxygen-containing groups on GO sheets. 13] While for the XRD pattern of RGO, this sharp peak disappeared, and became a broader shoulder at around 11.5 *, corresponding to 0.76 nm of d-spacing. In addition, another broad peak centered at around 25.5 * was observed, corresponding to an interlayer spacing of about 0.36 nm. The presence of this peak in RGO sheet indicates that some parts of the GO sheets were reduced successfully which induced the decrease in the spacing. The major diffraction peaks in the powder pattern ofRGO/AgNP at 2 A = SVG 15739091.12-21-2017.JBHAZSW₇RXEAPX4.SPEC.28.11.759.1092.1026.1141.svg 0.163 0.89 Chemistry Black and white 64.6 0, and 77.5* can be assigned to the (111),(200), (220), and (311) crystalline planes of silver, respectively, which indicated that the reduced silver nanoparticles are composed of pure crystalline silver and own face-centered cubic (fcc) phase (JCPDS Crad File, 4-783). However, there is no distinguishable diffraction peaks of RGO, GO or graphite were observed in RGO/AgNP sample. A possible reason is that the strong Ag signals may cover the RGO diffraction peaks. Another possibility is that the regular stacks of graphene sheets or graphite are destroyed by exfoliation after deposition of the metal particles. 5 The SEM images (Figure 10) confirmed the deposition of AgNP on graphene sheets, and the distance between the sheets was expanded. Raman spec tra The Raman spectrum of pristine graphite exhibited two intense peaks at 1352 and 1582 c m"', corresponding to the D and G bands respectively (Figure 9b). The G peak of GO red shifted to 1601 cm ", due to the introduction of oxygen-containing groups, which indicates a higher degree of disorder or more defects in GO. Afterreduction, the G peak blue shifted to 1585 cm 1 SVG 15739091.12-21-2017.JBHAZSW₇RXEAPX4.SPEC.28.26.1322.2465.1569.2525.svg 0.20 0.823 Chemistry Black and white a successful reduction toGO. This can also be verified by the ratio of/IG. The G band is related to the in- plane vibration of sp 2 -bonded carbon atoms, while the D band is associated with the vibration of carbon atoms with sp 3 electronic configuration of disordered graphene. The/Du G rati o of RGO (0.917), as calculated from Figure 9b, was found higher than that of GO (0.835), revealing a substantial reduction in the content of the sp 3-bonded carbon atoms and the oxidized molecular defects. 671 It was found that the RGO/AgNP showed a similar D and G peak in Raman spectra, but the intensities of D and G were much higher than those of RGO under comparable test conditions. This surface enhanced Raman spectrum (SER S) phenomenon is caused by thecharge-transfer interaction between RGO and SVG 15739091.12-21-2017.JBHAZSW₇RXEAPX4.SPEC.29.3.1340.391.1501.449.svg 0.193 0.537 Chemistry Black and white Thermogravime t ric analysis (TGA) From Figure 9c, a good thermal stability reaching a very high temperature (800 0C) was observed for graphite. In contrast, GO sheet exhibited poorer thermal stability. TGA plot shows a loss of about 20 wt% at 100 * C, which can be attributedto water molecules loss of stacked graphene oxide SVG 15739091.12-21-2017.JBHAZSW₇RXEAPX4.SPEC.29.8.1447.905.1619.955.svg 0.167 0.573 Chemistry Black and white While RGO sheet showsa much smaller weight loss at 100 * C (less than 5 wt%), suggesting a smaller amount of water or organic molecules are trapped in the RGO structures. Compared with RGO itself, the TGA curve of RGO/AgNP displayed a similar profile, indicating that the reduction of silver particles did not affect materially the thermal stability of RGO, e.g., a good thermal stability can be retained of RGO/AgNP hybrid. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (ED X) The direct evidence of silver particles deposited on RGO sheets was obtained by EDX. Figure 9d showed a typica l SEM cross-section image of RGO/AgNP hybrid. A lot of nanoparticles were observed on RGO surface. The larger silver peak showed in EDX result indicated that the particles deposited on RGO surface were silver nanoparticles. The oxygenated group existed in RGO sheet takes an effect in absorbing metal ions and metal nanoparticles. 9 These oxygen species are uniformly distributed on the RGO surface and would provide active sites to absorb silver ions. RGO sheets also could provide a large support surface to disperse Ag * ions. So in situ reduction of Ag * ions allowed AgNPs to distribute uniformly and anchor onto RGO nanosheets, as shown in Figure 10 a. Meanwhile, NMP also takes a very important role in reducing Ag * ions to AgNPs. First, NMP was oxidized in the presence of heat to form a peroxide species, and then further transformed NMP to 5-hydroxy-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone which acted as a reducing agent for reducing SVG 15739091.12-21-2017.JBHAZSW₇RXEAPX4.SPEC.29.27.2046.2632.2126.2687.svg 0.183 0.267 Chemistry Black and white ions to AgNPs. References 1-10 for Su pp ortin q Information Section
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
pressure sensor
Materials described outside the worked examples.
reduced graphene oxide
silver nanoparticles
Ag
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figure 2. SEM images of the RGO/AgNP and RGO/AgMF membrane with different AgN O 3 concentration. (a) 120 mM; (b) 1.2 M; (c, d) 2.4 M. Inset TEM image shows the dendritic AgMF structure intercalated in RGO layers. Reduction occurred at 110 * C for 16h; RGO concentration in NMP is 2.0 mg-SVG …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
electronic conductivity at least 7e5 S/cm | — | RGO/AgNP hybrid |
d-spacing of GO (2theta=10.6 deg) | 0.83 nm |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
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US 10,807,048Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1. Schematic representation of one-pot synthesis of RGO/AgMF membrane.
Figure 2. SEM images of the RGO/AgNP and RGO/AgMF membrane with different AgN O 3 concentration. (a) 120 mM; (b) 1.2 M; (c, d) 2.4 M. Inset TEM image shows the dendritic AgMF structure intercalated in RGO layers. Reduction occurred at 110 * C for 16h; RGO concentration in NMP is 2.0 mg-SVG …
Figure 3. XRD pattern of RGO/AgNP and RGO/AgMF. Reduction occurred at 60 *C and 110 * C for 16 h respectively; AgN O 3 concentration is 60 mM and 2.4 M in RGO solution respectively.
Figure 4. (a,c,d) SEM images of RGO/AgMF membrane, (b) TEM image of RGO/AgMF membrane. Number 1-4 indicated the different layer of multiply AgMF structure.
Figure 5. TEM images of AgMF at different silver ions concentrations, reaction times and the insets are SAED for marked areas: (a) 1.2 M for 10 m in at 110 *C, (b) 1.2 M for 30 m in at 110 * C, (c) 1.2 M for 5 hat 110 * C, (d) 2.4 M for 5 h at 110 C.
Figure 6. (a) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of a pressure sensor; (b) Photo image of the fabricated sensor being folded; (c) Schematic showing a capacitive pressure sensor with RGO/AgMF layer as the electrodes (top) before and (bottom) after applying pressure.
Figure 7. (a) Schematic illusion of the experimental setup. (b) Sensitivity after repeated loading-unloading cycles at a frequency of 5 Hz. (c) Relative capacitance changes with wrist movement. (d) Relative capacitance changes with various human actions: walking, squatting and knee bending. (e) …
Figure 8. (a) Capacitance sensitive to light weight loading. Inset figure shows a small screw (0.1 g) on the surface of patterned RGO/AgMF/SIS sensor. (b) SEM images of the patterned SIS thin film with square pyramids arrays.
Figure 9. (a) XRD, (b) Raman spectra and (c) TGA curves of the pristine graphite, GO, RGO and RGO/AgNP, (d) EDX spectrum of RGO membrane with silver nanoparticles on the surface. Reducing AgN O 3 at 60 * C for 16h; AgN O 3 concentration is 60 mM; RGO concentration in NMP is 2.0 mg -mL 1. Figures …
Figure 12. TEM images of silver dendrites, demonstrating the morphological transition from fractal to flake growth for silver aggregates at different reduction time: (a) reduction occurred at 110 *C for 30 m in; (b) reduction occurred at 110 0C for 2h. AgN O 3 concentration: 2.4 M; RGO concentration: …
Figure 13. HRTEM images of a local part for dendritic AgMF. AgN O 3: 1.2 M; RGO: 2.0 mg -mL-'; Reduction occurred at 110 * C for 30 m in.
Figure 14. HRTEM images of dendritic AgMF. AgN O 3: 1.2 M; RGO: 2.0 mg -mL 1 SVG 15739091.12-21-2017.JBHAZSW₇RXEAPX4.SPEC.10.4.2073.479.2111.535.svg 0.187 0.127 Chemistry Black and white Reduction occurred at 110 * C for 16 hours.
Figure 15. Raman spectrum of RGO/AgNP and RGO/AgMF. Reduction occurred at 60 0C and 110 0C for 16 h respectively; AgN O 3 concentration is 2.4 M in RGO solution.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
Lim, B. W.; Lu, X. M.; Jiang, M. J.; Camargo, P. H. C.; Cho, E. C.; Lee, E. P.; Xia, Y. N. Facile Synthesis of Highly Faceted Multioctahedral Pt Nanocrystals through Controlled Overgrowth. Nano Le f t. 2008, 8, 4043-4047.
Sun, Y. G.; Xia, Y. N. Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles. Science 2002, 298, 2176-2179.
Xie, J. P.; Zheng, Y. G.; Ying, J. Y. Protein-Directed Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent Gold Nanoclusters. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 888-+.
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After oxidization of graphite to GO using the Hummers method, this peak shifts downward to a lower angle (2 6 = 10. 6*) with a corresponding d-spacing of 0.83 nm. This can be attributed to the expansion of the 0.50 nm space between typical graphene sheets, which is caused by the presence of a small amount of residual oxygen-containing groups on GO sheets. 13] While for the XRD pattern of RGO, this sharp peak disappeared, and became a broader shoulder at around 11.5 *, corresponding to 0.76 nm of d-spacing. In addition, another broad peak centered at around 25.5 * was observed, corresponding to an interlayer spacing of about 0.36 nm. The presence of this peak in RGO sheet indicates that some parts of the GO sheets were reduced successfully which induced the decrease in the spacing. The major diffraction peaks in the powder pattern ofRGO/AgNP at 2 A = SVG 15739091.12-21-2017.JBHAZSW₇RXEAPX4.SPEC.28.11.759.1092.1026.1141.svg 0.163 0.89 Chemistry Black and white 64.6 0, and 77.5* can be assigned to the (111),(200), (220), and (311) crystalline planes of silver, respectively, which indicated that the reduced silver nanoparticles are composed of pure crystalline silver and own face-centered cubic (fcc) phase (JCPDS Crad File, 4-783). However, there is no distinguishable diffraction peaks of RGO, GO or graphite were observed in RGO/AgNP sample. A possible reason is that the strong Ag signals may cover the RGO diffraction peaks. Another possibility is that the regular stacks of graphene sheets or graphite are destroyed by exfoliation after deposition of the metal particles. 5 The SEM images (Figure 10) confirmed the deposition of AgNP on graphene sheets, and the distance between the sheets was expanded. Raman spec tra The Raman spectrum of pristine graphite exhibited two intense peaks at 1352 and 1582 c m"', corresponding to the D and G bands respectively (Figure 9b). The G peak of GO red shifted to 1601 cm ", due to the introduction of oxygen-containing groups, which indicates a higher degree of disorder or more defects in GO. Afterreduction, the G peak blue shifted to 1585 cm 1 SVG 15739091.12-21-2017.JBHAZSW₇RXEAPX4.SPEC.28.26.1322.2465.1569.2525.svg 0.20 0.823 Chemistry Black and white a successful reduction toGO. This can also be verified by the ratio of/IG. The G band is related to the in- plane vibration of sp 2 -bonded carbon atoms, while the D band is associated with the vibration of carbon atoms with sp 3 electronic configuration of disordered graphene. The/Du G rati o of RGO (0.917), as calculated from Figure 9b, was found higher than that of GO (0.835), revealing a substantial reduction in the content of the sp 3-bonded carbon atoms and the oxidized molecular defects. 671 It was found that the RGO/AgNP showed a similar D and G peak in Raman spectra, but the intensities of D and G were much higher than those of RGO under comparable test conditions. This surface enhanced Raman spectrum (SER S) phenomenon is caused by thecharge-transfer interaction between RGO and SVG 15739091.12-21-2017.JBHAZSW₇RXEAPX4.SPEC.29.3.1340.391.1501.449.svg 0.193 0.537 Chemistry Black and white Thermogravime t ric analysis (TGA) From Figure 9c, a good thermal stability reaching a very high temperature (800 0C) was observed for graphite. In contrast, GO sheet exhibited poorer thermal stability. TGA plot shows a loss of about 20 wt% at 100 * C, which can be attributedto water molecules loss of stacked graphene oxide SVG 15739091.12-21-2017.JBHAZSW₇RXEAPX4.SPEC.29.8.1447.905.1619.955.svg 0.167 0.573 Chemistry Black and white While RGO sheet showsa much smaller weight loss at 100 * C (less than 5 wt%), suggesting a smaller amount of water or organic molecules are trapped in the RGO structures. Compared with RGO itself, the TGA curve of RGO/AgNP displayed a similar profile, indicating that the reduction of silver particles did not affect materially the thermal stability of RGO, e.g., a good thermal stability can be retained of RGO/AgNP hybrid. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (ED X) The direct evidence of silver particles deposited on RGO sheets was obtained by EDX. Figure 9d showed a typica l SEM cross-section image of RGO/AgNP hybrid. A lot of nanoparticles were observed on RGO surface. The larger silver peak showed in EDX result indicated that the particles deposited on RGO surface were silver nanoparticles. The oxygenated group existed in RGO sheet takes an effect in absorbing metal ions and metal nanoparticles. 9 These oxygen species are uniformly distributed on the RGO surface and would provide active sites to absorb silver ions. RGO sheets also could provide a large support surface to disperse Ag * ions. So in situ reduction of Ag * ions allowed AgNPs to distribute uniformly and anchor onto RGO nanosheets, as shown in Figure 10 a. Meanwhile, NMP also takes a very important role in reducing Ag * ions to AgNPs. First, NMP was oxidized in the presence of heat to form a peroxide species, and then further transformed NMP to 5-hydroxy-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone which acted as a reducing agent for reducing SVG 15739091.12-21-2017.JBHAZSW₇RXEAPX4.SPEC.29.27.2046.2632.2126.2687.svg 0.183 0.267 Chemistry Black and white ions to AgNPs. References 1-10 for Su pp ortin q Information Section
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
pressure sensor
Materials described outside the worked examples.
reduced graphene oxide
silver nanoparticles
Ag
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figure 2. SEM images of the RGO/AgNP and RGO/AgMF membrane with different AgN O 3 concentration. (a) 120 mM; (b) 1.2 M; (c, d) 2.4 M. Inset TEM image shows the dendritic AgMF structure intercalated in RGO layers. Reduction occurred at 110 * C for 16h; RGO concentration in NMP is 2.0 mg-SVG …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
electronic conductivity at least 7e5 S/cm | — | RGO/AgNP hybrid |
d-spacing of GO (2theta=10.6 deg) | 0.83 nm |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
RGO/AgNP hybrid
graphene oxide
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
Figure 2. SEM images of the RGO/AgNP and RGO/AgMF membrane with different AgN O 3 concentration. (a) 120 mM; (b) 1.2 M; (c, d) 2.4 M. Inset TEM image shows the dendritic AgMF structure intercalated in RGO layers. Reduction occurred at 110 * C for 16h; RGO concentration in NMP is 2.0 mg-SVG …
Figure 3. XRD pattern of RGO/AgNP and RGO/AgMF. Reduction occurred at 60 *C and 110 * C for 16 h respectively; AgN O 3 concentration is 60 mM and 2.4 M in RGO solution respectively.
Figure 4. (a,c,d) SEM images of RGO/AgMF membrane, (b) TEM image of RGO/AgMF membrane. Number 1-4 indicated the different layer of multiply AgMF structure.
Figure 4. (a,c,d) SEM images of RGO/AgMF membrane, (b) TEM image of RGO/AgMF membrane. Number 1-4 indicated the different layer of multiply AgMF structure.
Figure 5. TEM images of AgMF at different silver ions concentrations, reaction times and the insets are SAED for marked areas: (a) 1.2 M for 10 m in at 110 *C, (b) 1.2 M for 30 m in at 110 * C, (c) 1.2 M for 5 hat 110 * C, (d) 2.4 M for 5 h at 110 C.
Figure 8. (a) Capacitance sensitive to light weight loading. Inset figure shows a small screw (0.1 g) on the surface of patterned RGO/AgMF/SIS sensor. (b) SEM images of the patterned SIS thin film with square pyramids arrays.
Figure 9. (a) XRD, (b) Raman spectra and (c) TGA curves of the pristine graphite, GO, RGO and RGO/AgNP, (d) EDX spectrum of RGO membrane with silver nanoparticles on the surface. Reducing AgN O 3 at 60 * C for 16h; AgN O 3 concentration is 60 mM; RGO concentration in NMP is 2.0 mg -mL 1. Figures …
Figure 9. (a) XRD, (b) Raman spectra and (c) TGA curves of the pristine graphite, GO, RGO and RGO/AgNP, (d) EDX spectrum of RGO membrane with silver nanoparticles on the surface. Reducing AgN O 3 at 60 * C for 16h; AgN O 3 concentration is 60 mM; RGO concentration in NMP is 2.0 mg -mL 1. Figures …
Figure 12. TEM images of silver dendrites, demonstrating the morphological transition from fractal to flake growth for silver aggregates at different reduction time: (a) reduction occurred at 110 *C for 30 m in; (b) reduction occurred at 110 0C for 2h. AgN O 3 concentration: 2.4 M; RGO concentration: …
Figure 13. HRTEM images of a local part for dendritic AgMF. AgN O 3: 1.2 M; RGO: 2.0 mg -mL-'; Reduction occurred at 110 * C for 30 m in.
Figure 14. HRTEM images of dendritic AgMF. AgN O 3: 1.2 M; RGO: 2.0 mg -mL 1 SVG 15739091.12-21-2017.JBHAZSW₇RXEAPX4.SPEC.10.4.2073.479.2111.535.svg 0.187 0.127 Chemistry Black and white Reduction occurred at 110 * C for 16 hours.
Figure 15. Raman spectrum of RGO/AgNP and RGO/AgMF. Reduction occurred at 60 0C and 110 0C for 16 h respectively; AgN O 3 concentration is 2.4 M in RGO solution.
durability. High sensitivity, durable pressure sensors can be made in some embodiments. The method of synthesis can be simple and low cost. In addition, the morphology of the metal can be adapted based on the synthetic method in some embodiments. Compared with
graphene oxide |
d-spacing of RGO shoulder peak (2theta~11.5 deg) | 0.76 nm | reduced graphene oxide |
d-spacing of RGO broad peak (2theta~25.5 deg) | 0.36 nm | reduced graphene oxide |
Thickness | 10–500 nm | — |
Thickness | 10–250 nm | — |
Thickness | 50–150 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–250 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–50 nm | — |
Thickness | 50–250 nm | — |
Thickness | 3–120 mM | — |
Thickness | 6–9 nm | — |
Thickness | 90–110 nm | — |
Pressure | ≤ 500 KPa | — |
Thickness | ≥ 12 mM | — |
Thickness | ≥ 60 mM | — |
Thickness | ≥ 120 mM | — |
Duration | ≥ 1 hour | — |
Duration | ≥ 5 hours | — |
Duration | ≥ 10 hours | — |
Temperature | ≥ 150 °C | — |
Pressure | ≥ 4.7 MPa | — |
RGO/AgNP hybrid
graphene oxide
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
Figure 2. SEM images of the RGO/AgNP and RGO/AgMF membrane with different AgN O 3 concentration. (a) 120 mM; (b) 1.2 M; (c, d) 2.4 M. Inset TEM image shows the dendritic AgMF structure intercalated in RGO layers. Reduction occurred at 110 * C for 16h; RGO concentration in NMP is 2.0 mg-SVG …
Figure 3. XRD pattern of RGO/AgNP and RGO/AgMF. Reduction occurred at 60 *C and 110 * C for 16 h respectively; AgN O 3 concentration is 60 mM and 2.4 M in RGO solution respectively.
Figure 4. (a,c,d) SEM images of RGO/AgMF membrane, (b) TEM image of RGO/AgMF membrane. Number 1-4 indicated the different layer of multiply AgMF structure.
Figure 4. (a,c,d) SEM images of RGO/AgMF membrane, (b) TEM image of RGO/AgMF membrane. Number 1-4 indicated the different layer of multiply AgMF structure.
Figure 5. TEM images of AgMF at different silver ions concentrations, reaction times and the insets are SAED for marked areas: (a) 1.2 M for 10 m in at 110 *C, (b) 1.2 M for 30 m in at 110 * C, (c) 1.2 M for 5 hat 110 * C, (d) 2.4 M for 5 h at 110 C.
Figure 8. (a) Capacitance sensitive to light weight loading. Inset figure shows a small screw (0.1 g) on the surface of patterned RGO/AgMF/SIS sensor. (b) SEM images of the patterned SIS thin film with square pyramids arrays.
Figure 9. (a) XRD, (b) Raman spectra and (c) TGA curves of the pristine graphite, GO, RGO and RGO/AgNP, (d) EDX spectrum of RGO membrane with silver nanoparticles on the surface. Reducing AgN O 3 at 60 * C for 16h; AgN O 3 concentration is 60 mM; RGO concentration in NMP is 2.0 mg -mL 1. Figures …
Figure 9. (a) XRD, (b) Raman spectra and (c) TGA curves of the pristine graphite, GO, RGO and RGO/AgNP, (d) EDX spectrum of RGO membrane with silver nanoparticles on the surface. Reducing AgN O 3 at 60 * C for 16h; AgN O 3 concentration is 60 mM; RGO concentration in NMP is 2.0 mg -mL 1. Figures …
Figure 12. TEM images of silver dendrites, demonstrating the morphological transition from fractal to flake growth for silver aggregates at different reduction time: (a) reduction occurred at 110 *C for 30 m in; (b) reduction occurred at 110 0C for 2h. AgN O 3 concentration: 2.4 M; RGO concentration: …
Figure 13. HRTEM images of a local part for dendritic AgMF. AgN O 3: 1.2 M; RGO: 2.0 mg -mL-'; Reduction occurred at 110 * C for 30 m in.
Figure 14. HRTEM images of dendritic AgMF. AgN O 3: 1.2 M; RGO: 2.0 mg -mL 1 SVG 15739091.12-21-2017.JBHAZSW₇RXEAPX4.SPEC.10.4.2073.479.2111.535.svg 0.187 0.127 Chemistry Black and white Reduction occurred at 110 * C for 16 hours.
Figure 15. Raman spectrum of RGO/AgNP and RGO/AgMF. Reduction occurred at 60 0C and 110 0C for 16 h respectively; AgN O 3 concentration is 2.4 M in RGO solution.
durability. High sensitivity, durable pressure sensors can be made in some embodiments. The method of synthesis can be simple and low cost. In addition, the morphology of the metal can be adapted based on the synthetic method in some embodiments. Compared with
graphene oxide |
d-spacing of RGO shoulder peak (2theta~11.5 deg) | 0.76 nm | reduced graphene oxide |
d-spacing of RGO broad peak (2theta~25.5 deg) | 0.36 nm | reduced graphene oxide |
Thickness | 10–500 nm | — |
Thickness | 10–250 nm | — |
Thickness | 50–150 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–250 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–50 nm | — |
Thickness | 50–250 nm | — |
Thickness | 3–120 mM | — |
Thickness | 6–9 nm | — |
Thickness | 90–110 nm | — |
Pressure | ≤ 500 KPa | — |
Thickness | ≥ 12 mM | — |
Thickness | ≥ 60 mM | — |
Thickness | ≥ 120 mM | — |
Duration | ≥ 1 hour | — |
Duration | ≥ 5 hours | — |
Duration | ≥ 10 hours | — |
Temperature | ≥ 150 °C | — |
Pressure | ≥ 4.7 MPa | — |
RGO/AgNP hybrid
graphene oxide
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
Figure 2. SEM images of the RGO/AgNP and RGO/AgMF membrane with different AgN O 3 concentration. (a) 120 mM; (b) 1.2 M; (c, d) 2.4 M. Inset TEM image shows the dendritic AgMF structure intercalated in RGO layers. Reduction occurred at 110 * C for 16h; RGO concentration in NMP is 2.0 mg-SVG …
Figure 3. XRD pattern of RGO/AgNP and RGO/AgMF. Reduction occurred at 60 *C and 110 * C for 16 h respectively; AgN O 3 concentration is 60 mM and 2.4 M in RGO solution respectively.
Figure 4. (a,c,d) SEM images of RGO/AgMF membrane, (b) TEM image of RGO/AgMF membrane. Number 1-4 indicated the different layer of multiply AgMF structure.
Figure 4. (a,c,d) SEM images of RGO/AgMF membrane, (b) TEM image of RGO/AgMF membrane. Number 1-4 indicated the different layer of multiply AgMF structure.
Figure 5. TEM images of AgMF at different silver ions concentrations, reaction times and the insets are SAED for marked areas: (a) 1.2 M for 10 m in at 110 *C, (b) 1.2 M for 30 m in at 110 * C, (c) 1.2 M for 5 hat 110 * C, (d) 2.4 M for 5 h at 110 C.
Figure 8. (a) Capacitance sensitive to light weight loading. Inset figure shows a small screw (0.1 g) on the surface of patterned RGO/AgMF/SIS sensor. (b) SEM images of the patterned SIS thin film with square pyramids arrays.
Figure 9. (a) XRD, (b) Raman spectra and (c) TGA curves of the pristine graphite, GO, RGO and RGO/AgNP, (d) EDX spectrum of RGO membrane with silver nanoparticles on the surface. Reducing AgN O 3 at 60 * C for 16h; AgN O 3 concentration is 60 mM; RGO concentration in NMP is 2.0 mg -mL 1. Figures …
Figure 9. (a) XRD, (b) Raman spectra and (c) TGA curves of the pristine graphite, GO, RGO and RGO/AgNP, (d) EDX spectrum of RGO membrane with silver nanoparticles on the surface. Reducing AgN O 3 at 60 * C for 16h; AgN O 3 concentration is 60 mM; RGO concentration in NMP is 2.0 mg -mL 1. Figures …
Figure 12. TEM images of silver dendrites, demonstrating the morphological transition from fractal to flake growth for silver aggregates at different reduction time: (a) reduction occurred at 110 *C for 30 m in; (b) reduction occurred at 110 0C for 2h. AgN O 3 concentration: 2.4 M; RGO concentration: …
Figure 13. HRTEM images of a local part for dendritic AgMF. AgN O 3: 1.2 M; RGO: 2.0 mg -mL-'; Reduction occurred at 110 * C for 30 m in.
Figure 14. HRTEM images of dendritic AgMF. AgN O 3: 1.2 M; RGO: 2.0 mg -mL 1 SVG 15739091.12-21-2017.JBHAZSW₇RXEAPX4.SPEC.10.4.2073.479.2111.535.svg 0.187 0.127 Chemistry Black and white Reduction occurred at 110 * C for 16 hours.
Figure 15. Raman spectrum of RGO/AgNP and RGO/AgMF. Reduction occurred at 60 0C and 110 0C for 16 h respectively; AgN O 3 concentration is 2.4 M in RGO solution.
durability. High sensitivity, durable pressure sensors can be made in some embodiments. The method of synthesis can be simple and low cost. In addition, the morphology of the metal can be adapted based on the synthetic method in some embodiments. Compared with
graphene oxide |
d-spacing of RGO shoulder peak (2theta~11.5 deg) | 0.76 nm | reduced graphene oxide |
d-spacing of RGO broad peak (2theta~25.5 deg) | 0.36 nm | reduced graphene oxide |
Thickness | 10–500 nm | — |
Thickness | 10–250 nm | — |
Thickness | 50–150 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–250 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–50 nm | — |
Thickness | 50–250 nm | — |
Thickness | 3–120 mM | — |
Thickness | 6–9 nm | — |
Thickness | 90–110 nm | — |
Pressure | ≤ 500 KPa | — |
Thickness | ≥ 12 mM | — |
Thickness | ≥ 60 mM | — |
Thickness | ≥ 120 mM | — |
Duration | ≥ 1 hour | — |
Duration | ≥ 5 hours | — |
Duration | ≥ 10 hours | — |
Temperature | ≥ 150 °C | — |
Pressure | ≥ 4.7 MPa | — |
RGO/AgNP hybrid
graphene oxide
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
Figure 2. SEM images of the RGO/AgNP and RGO/AgMF membrane with different AgN O 3 concentration. (a) 120 mM; (b) 1.2 M; (c, d) 2.4 M. Inset TEM image shows the dendritic AgMF structure intercalated in RGO layers. Reduction occurred at 110 * C for 16h; RGO concentration in NMP is 2.0 mg-SVG …
Figure 3. XRD pattern of RGO/AgNP and RGO/AgMF. Reduction occurred at 60 *C and 110 * C for 16 h respectively; AgN O 3 concentration is 60 mM and 2.4 M in RGO solution respectively.
Figure 4. (a,c,d) SEM images of RGO/AgMF membrane, (b) TEM image of RGO/AgMF membrane. Number 1-4 indicated the different layer of multiply AgMF structure.
Figure 4. (a,c,d) SEM images of RGO/AgMF membrane, (b) TEM image of RGO/AgMF membrane. Number 1-4 indicated the different layer of multiply AgMF structure.
Figure 5. TEM images of AgMF at different silver ions concentrations, reaction times and the insets are SAED for marked areas: (a) 1.2 M for 10 m in at 110 *C, (b) 1.2 M for 30 m in at 110 * C, (c) 1.2 M for 5 hat 110 * C, (d) 2.4 M for 5 h at 110 C.
Figure 8. (a) Capacitance sensitive to light weight loading. Inset figure shows a small screw (0.1 g) on the surface of patterned RGO/AgMF/SIS sensor. (b) SEM images of the patterned SIS thin film with square pyramids arrays.
Figure 9. (a) XRD, (b) Raman spectra and (c) TGA curves of the pristine graphite, GO, RGO and RGO/AgNP, (d) EDX spectrum of RGO membrane with silver nanoparticles on the surface. Reducing AgN O 3 at 60 * C for 16h; AgN O 3 concentration is 60 mM; RGO concentration in NMP is 2.0 mg -mL 1. Figures …
Figure 9. (a) XRD, (b) Raman spectra and (c) TGA curves of the pristine graphite, GO, RGO and RGO/AgNP, (d) EDX spectrum of RGO membrane with silver nanoparticles on the surface. Reducing AgN O 3 at 60 * C for 16h; AgN O 3 concentration is 60 mM; RGO concentration in NMP is 2.0 mg -mL 1. Figures …
Figure 12. TEM images of silver dendrites, demonstrating the morphological transition from fractal to flake growth for silver aggregates at different reduction time: (a) reduction occurred at 110 *C for 30 m in; (b) reduction occurred at 110 0C for 2h. AgN O 3 concentration: 2.4 M; RGO concentration: …
Figure 13. HRTEM images of a local part for dendritic AgMF. AgN O 3: 1.2 M; RGO: 2.0 mg -mL-'; Reduction occurred at 110 * C for 30 m in.
Figure 14. HRTEM images of dendritic AgMF. AgN O 3: 1.2 M; RGO: 2.0 mg -mL 1 SVG 15739091.12-21-2017.JBHAZSW₇RXEAPX4.SPEC.10.4.2073.479.2111.535.svg 0.187 0.127 Chemistry Black and white Reduction occurred at 110 * C for 16 hours.
Figure 15. Raman spectrum of RGO/AgNP and RGO/AgMF. Reduction occurred at 60 0C and 110 0C for 16 h respectively; AgN O 3 concentration is 2.4 M in RGO solution.
durability. High sensitivity, durable pressure sensors can be made in some embodiments. The method of synthesis can be simple and low cost. In addition, the morphology of the metal can be adapted based on the synthetic method in some embodiments. Compared with
graphene oxide |
d-spacing of RGO shoulder peak (2theta~11.5 deg) | 0.76 nm | reduced graphene oxide |
d-spacing of RGO broad peak (2theta~25.5 deg) | 0.36 nm | reduced graphene oxide |
Thickness | 10–500 nm | — |
Thickness | 10–250 nm | — |
Thickness | 50–150 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–250 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–50 nm | — |
Thickness | 50–250 nm | — |
Thickness | 3–120 mM | — |
Thickness | 6–9 nm | — |
Thickness | 90–110 nm | — |
Pressure | ≤ 500 KPa | — |
Thickness | ≥ 12 mM | — |
Thickness | ≥ 60 mM | — |
Thickness | ≥ 120 mM | — |
Duration | ≥ 1 hour | — |
Duration | ≥ 5 hours | — |
Duration | ≥ 10 hours | — |
Temperature | ≥ 150 °C | — |
Pressure | ≥ 4.7 MPa | — |
