Abstract

Holey Graphene (HG) is a widely used graphene material for the synthesis of high-purity and highly crystalline materials. In this work, we explore the electronic properties of a periodic distribution of lattice holes, demonstrating the emergence of flat bands with compact localized states. It is shown that the holes break the bipartite sublattice and inversion symmetries, inducing gaps and a nonzero Berry curvature. Moreover, the folding of the Dirac cones from the hexagonal Brillouin zone (BZ) to the holey superlattice rectangular BZ of HG with sizes proportional to an integer n times the graphene’s lattice parameter leads to a periodicity in the gap formation such that n ≡0 (mod 3). Meanwhile, it is shown that if n ≡±1 (mod 3), a gap emerges where Dirac points are folded along the Γ −X path. The low-energy hamiltonian for the three central bands is also obtained, revealing that the system behaves as an effective α −T₃ graphene material.

Abstract

Holey Graphene (HG) is a widely used graphene material for the synthesis of high-purity and highly crystalline materials. In this work, we explore the electronic properties of a periodic distribution of lattice holes, demonstrating the emergence of flat bands with compact localized states. It is shown that the holes break the bipartite sublattice and inversion symmetries, inducing gaps and a nonzero Berry curvature. Moreover, the folding of the Dirac cones from the hexagonal Brillouin zone (BZ) to the holey superlattice rectangular BZ of HG with sizes proportional to an integer n times the graphene’s lattice parameter leads to a periodicity in the gap formation such that n ≡0 (mod 3). Meanwhile, it is shown that if n ≡±1 (mod 3), a gap emerges where Dirac points are folded along the Γ −X path. The low-energy hamiltonian for the three central bands is also obtained, revealing that the system behaves as an effective α −T₃ graphene material.

Abstract

Holey Graphene (HG) is a widely used graphene material for the synthesis of high-purity and highly crystalline materials. In this work, we explore the electronic properties of a periodic distribution of lattice holes, demonstrating the emergence of flat bands with compact localized states. It is shown that the holes break the bipartite sublattice and inversion symmetries, inducing gaps and a nonzero Berry curvature. Moreover, the folding of the Dirac cones from the hexagonal Brillouin zone (BZ) to the holey superlattice rectangular BZ of HG with sizes proportional to an integer n times the graphene’s lattice parameter leads to a periodicity in the gap formation such that n ≡0 (mod 3). Meanwhile, it is shown that if n ≡±1 (mod 3), a gap emerges where Dirac points are folded along the Γ −X path. The low-energy hamiltonian for the three central bands is also obtained, revealing that the system behaves as an effective α −T₃ graphene material.

Abstract

Holey Graphene (HG) is a widely used graphene material for the synthesis of high-purity and highly crystalline materials. In this work, we explore the electronic properties of a periodic distribution of lattice holes, demonstrating the emergence of flat bands with compact localized states. It is shown that the holes break the bipartite sublattice and inversion symmetries, inducing gaps and a nonzero Berry curvature. Moreover, the folding of the Dirac cones from the hexagonal Brillouin zone (BZ) to the holey superlattice rectangular BZ of HG with sizes proportional to an integer n times the graphene’s lattice parameter leads to a periodicity in the gap formation such that n ≡0 (mod 3). Meanwhile, it is shown that if n ≡±1 (mod 3), a gap emerges where Dirac points are folded along the Γ −X path. The low-energy hamiltonian for the three central bands is also obtained, revealing that the system behaves as an effective α −T₃ graphene material.