Patent
US 11,042,073Tunable Graphene Metamaterials for Beam Steering and Tunable Flat Lenses
Cheng Peng
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 11,042,073Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 B shows perfect absorption by a nanostructured graphene sheet in different spectral regions when a variable voltage is applied to the nanostructured …
FIG. 2. The other side of the substrate 820 is coated with a thin layer of gold 810. This gold layer 810 serves as both a reflector that reflects light incident …
FIG. 3A. The inset shows simulated charge carrier density profile for the electrolyte-PMMA gating scheme with a periodic PMMA mask with width l= 30 nm and …
FIG. 4A is an optical photograph of the graphene p-n junction, which is tuned by applying a voltage to gold (Au) electrodes. The white dashed lines indicate …
FIGS. 5 A and S B show simulated optical absorption spectra for an example graphene metamaterial with conductivity variation with a single atomic layer of …
FIG. 6D shows finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulated transmission spectra of optical conductivity modulation devices. Each 2D plot assumes constant …
FIG. 7A. The replacement lens could be much thinner and would not need any moving parts. [0086]
FIG. 8M. Each unit ce ll 900 b is controlled by a voltage Vi; that determines the amplitude and phase of the light reflected by the unit ce ll 900 b. Each phase …
FIG. 9B shows a voltage-tunable planar focusing lens 904. The lens 904 includes graphene metasurface unit cells 90 0 b arranged in rings 906 that form a …
FIGS. 10A-1O C illustrate simulations of the extreme mode confinement ability of a graphene nanodisk. These simulations were based on the boundary element …
FIG. 11 C, which is useful in optical routing and optical computing at the quantum level. [00113] One nonlinear optical phenomenon at few-photon level is the …
FIG. 12A has a maximum Purcell enhancement of over 350 at a wavelength of about 640 nm, to produce near-100% light absorption from free space into the graphene …
FIG. 13B shows an on-chip optical isolator 1300 based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and the plasmonic Doppler effect. The isolator 1300 includes a graphene …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
An apparatus, comprising: a substrate having a first side and a second side opposite the first side; a first electrode disposed on the first side of the substrate; and an array of unit cells, disposed on the second side of the substrate, to spatially modulate an incident beam of light, each unit cell in the array of unit cells comprising: a layer of hexagonal boron-nitride (hBN) disposed on the substrate; a graphene layer disposed on the layer of hBN and having a carrier mobility substantially equal to or greater than 10,000 cm 2/(V.s); and a second electrode, disposed in electrical communication with the graphene layer, to apply a voltage across the graphene layer that shifts a Fermi level of the graphene layer, thereby changing an amplitude and/or phase of at least a portion of the incident beam of light. Original
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the array of unit cells comprises: a one-dimensional (1D) array of unit cells configured to steer the incident beam of light in an arbitrary direction. Original
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the array of unit cells comprises: a two-dimensional (2 D) array of unit cells configured to change a divergence of the incident beam of light, a first group of unit cells in the 2D array of unit cells forming a first ring and a second group of unit cells in the 2D array of unit cells forming a second ring concentric with the first ring. Original
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the graphene layer in at least one unit cell in the array of unit cells is patterned to [[from]] form an array of graphene nanostructures. Currently amended
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the graphene layer comprises alternating regions of a first carrier concentration and a second carrier concentration different from the first carrier concentration. Original
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one unit cell in the array of unit cells further comprises: SVG 16268566.12-30-2020.KJBZ₉N₈ULDFLYX9.CLM.1.svg 0.16 3.54 Black and white Original
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one unit cell in the array of unit cells further comprises: a periodic array of metallic slits disposed on the graphene layer. Original
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one unit cell in the array of unit cells further comprises: a nanoantenna comprising concentric metallic rings electrically connected to each other, and wherein the graphene layer comprises a graphene nanodisk disposed at a center of the nanoantenna. Original
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one unit cell in the array of unit cells further comprises: a two-arm Archimedean spiral antenna, and wherein the graphene layer comprises a graphene nanodisk disposed at a center of the two-arm Archimedean spiral antenna. Original
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the substrate is a layer in a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) stack and at least a portion of the second electrode extends into the CMOS stack. Original
An apparatus, comprising: a substrate; a graphene layer disposed on the substrate; an electrolyte disposed on the graphene layer; a pair of electrodes comprising a first electrode in electrical communication with the graphene layer and a second electrode in electrical communication with the electrolyte, to apply a bias voltage across the graphene layer and the electrolyte that causes ions in the electrolyte to migrate toward the graphene layer; and a patterned dielectric layer, between the graphene layer and the electrolyte, to screen the at least a portion of the graphene layer from ions in the electrolyte, thereby creating a spatially varying carrier concentration in the graphene layer, the spatially varying carrier concentration spatially modulating an optical conductivity of the graphene layer. Original
The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the graphene layer has a carrier mobility of at least about 10,000 cm 2/(V. s). Original
The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the patterned dielectric layer is patterned in a periodic array and the spatially varying carrier concentration varies periodically with the periodic array. Original
A method of modulating an optical conductivity of a device comprising a graphene layer, an electrolyte disposed on the graphene layer, and a patterned dielectric layer disposed between the graphene layer and the electrolyte, the method comprising: applying a bias voltage across the graphene layer and the electrolyte that causes ions in the electrolyte to migrate toward the graphene layer; and screening at least a portion of the graphene layer from ions in the electrolyte with the patterned dielectric layer, thereby creating a spatially varying carrier concentration in the graphene layer, the spatially varying carrier concentration spatially modulating an optical conductivity of the graphene layer. Original
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene metamaterial spatial light modulator unit cell array (hBN-encapsulated, voltage-gated)
electrolyte-gated graphene spatial light modulator with patterned dielectric ion screen
Materials described outside the worked examples.
hexagonal boron nitride
hBN
graphene
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 B shows perfect absorption by a nanostructured graphene sheet in different spectral regions when a variable voltage is applied to the nanostructured …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
graphene carrier mobility claimed threshold | ≥ 10000 cm²/(V·s) | graphene |
graphene carrier mobility from hBN encapsulation technique | ≥ 10000 cm²/(V·s) |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 11,042,073Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 B shows perfect absorption by a nanostructured graphene sheet in different spectral regions when a variable voltage is applied to the nanostructured …
FIG. 2. The other side of the substrate 820 is coated with a thin layer of gold 810. This gold layer 810 serves as both a reflector that reflects light incident …
FIG. 3A. The inset shows simulated charge carrier density profile for the electrolyte-PMMA gating scheme with a periodic PMMA mask with width l= 30 nm and …
FIG. 4A is an optical photograph of the graphene p-n junction, which is tuned by applying a voltage to gold (Au) electrodes. The white dashed lines indicate …
FIGS. 5 A and S B show simulated optical absorption spectra for an example graphene metamaterial with conductivity variation with a single atomic layer of …
FIG. 6D shows finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulated transmission spectra of optical conductivity modulation devices. Each 2D plot assumes constant …
FIG. 7A. The replacement lens could be much thinner and would not need any moving parts. [0086]
FIG. 8M. Each unit ce ll 900 b is controlled by a voltage Vi; that determines the amplitude and phase of the light reflected by the unit ce ll 900 b. Each phase …
FIG. 9B shows a voltage-tunable planar focusing lens 904. The lens 904 includes graphene metasurface unit cells 90 0 b arranged in rings 906 that form a …
FIGS. 10A-1O C illustrate simulations of the extreme mode confinement ability of a graphene nanodisk. These simulations were based on the boundary element …
FIG. 11 C, which is useful in optical routing and optical computing at the quantum level. [00113] One nonlinear optical phenomenon at few-photon level is the …
FIG. 12A has a maximum Purcell enhancement of over 350 at a wavelength of about 640 nm, to produce near-100% light absorption from free space into the graphene …
FIG. 13B shows an on-chip optical isolator 1300 based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and the plasmonic Doppler effect. The isolator 1300 includes a graphene …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
An apparatus, comprising: a substrate having a first side and a second side opposite the first side; a first electrode disposed on the first side of the substrate; and an array of unit cells, disposed on the second side of the substrate, to spatially modulate an incident beam of light, each unit cell in the array of unit cells comprising: a layer of hexagonal boron-nitride (hBN) disposed on the substrate; a graphene layer disposed on the layer of hBN and having a carrier mobility substantially equal to or greater than 10,000 cm 2/(V.s); and a second electrode, disposed in electrical communication with the graphene layer, to apply a voltage across the graphene layer that shifts a Fermi level of the graphene layer, thereby changing an amplitude and/or phase of at least a portion of the incident beam of light. Original
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the array of unit cells comprises: a one-dimensional (1D) array of unit cells configured to steer the incident beam of light in an arbitrary direction. Original
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the array of unit cells comprises: a two-dimensional (2 D) array of unit cells configured to change a divergence of the incident beam of light, a first group of unit cells in the 2D array of unit cells forming a first ring and a second group of unit cells in the 2D array of unit cells forming a second ring concentric with the first ring. Original
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the graphene layer in at least one unit cell in the array of unit cells is patterned to [[from]] form an array of graphene nanostructures. Currently amended
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the graphene layer comprises alternating regions of a first carrier concentration and a second carrier concentration different from the first carrier concentration. Original
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one unit cell in the array of unit cells further comprises: SVG 16268566.12-30-2020.KJBZ₉N₈ULDFLYX9.CLM.1.svg 0.16 3.54 Black and white Original
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one unit cell in the array of unit cells further comprises: a periodic array of metallic slits disposed on the graphene layer. Original
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one unit cell in the array of unit cells further comprises: a nanoantenna comprising concentric metallic rings electrically connected to each other, and wherein the graphene layer comprises a graphene nanodisk disposed at a center of the nanoantenna. Original
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one unit cell in the array of unit cells further comprises: a two-arm Archimedean spiral antenna, and wherein the graphene layer comprises a graphene nanodisk disposed at a center of the two-arm Archimedean spiral antenna. Original
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the substrate is a layer in a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) stack and at least a portion of the second electrode extends into the CMOS stack. Original
An apparatus, comprising: a substrate; a graphene layer disposed on the substrate; an electrolyte disposed on the graphene layer; a pair of electrodes comprising a first electrode in electrical communication with the graphene layer and a second electrode in electrical communication with the electrolyte, to apply a bias voltage across the graphene layer and the electrolyte that causes ions in the electrolyte to migrate toward the graphene layer; and a patterned dielectric layer, between the graphene layer and the electrolyte, to screen the at least a portion of the graphene layer from ions in the electrolyte, thereby creating a spatially varying carrier concentration in the graphene layer, the spatially varying carrier concentration spatially modulating an optical conductivity of the graphene layer. Original
The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the graphene layer has a carrier mobility of at least about 10,000 cm 2/(V. s). Original
The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the patterned dielectric layer is patterned in a periodic array and the spatially varying carrier concentration varies periodically with the periodic array. Original
A method of modulating an optical conductivity of a device comprising a graphene layer, an electrolyte disposed on the graphene layer, and a patterned dielectric layer disposed between the graphene layer and the electrolyte, the method comprising: applying a bias voltage across the graphene layer and the electrolyte that causes ions in the electrolyte to migrate toward the graphene layer; and screening at least a portion of the graphene layer from ions in the electrolyte with the patterned dielectric layer, thereby creating a spatially varying carrier concentration in the graphene layer, the spatially varying carrier concentration spatially modulating an optical conductivity of the graphene layer. Original
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene metamaterial spatial light modulator unit cell array (hBN-encapsulated, voltage-gated)
electrolyte-gated graphene spatial light modulator with patterned dielectric ion screen
Materials described outside the worked examples.
hexagonal boron nitride
hBN
graphene
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 B shows perfect absorption by a nanostructured graphene sheet in different spectral regions when a variable voltage is applied to the nanostructured …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
graphene carrier mobility claimed threshold | ≥ 10000 cm²/(V·s) | graphene |
graphene carrier mobility from hBN encapsulation technique | ≥ 10000 cm²/(V·s) |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 11,042,073Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 B shows perfect absorption by a nanostructured graphene sheet in different spectral regions when a variable voltage is applied to the nanostructured …
FIG. 2. The other side of the substrate 820 is coated with a thin layer of gold 810. This gold layer 810 serves as both a reflector that reflects light incident …
FIG. 3A. The inset shows simulated charge carrier density profile for the electrolyte-PMMA gating scheme with a periodic PMMA mask with width l= 30 nm and …
FIG. 4A is an optical photograph of the graphene p-n junction, which is tuned by applying a voltage to gold (Au) electrodes. The white dashed lines indicate …
FIGS. 5 A and S B show simulated optical absorption spectra for an example graphene metamaterial with conductivity variation with a single atomic layer of …
FIG. 6D shows finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulated transmission spectra of optical conductivity modulation devices. Each 2D plot assumes constant …
FIG. 7A. The replacement lens could be much thinner and would not need any moving parts. [0086]
FIG. 8M. Each unit ce ll 900 b is controlled by a voltage Vi; that determines the amplitude and phase of the light reflected by the unit ce ll 900 b. Each phase …
FIG. 9B shows a voltage-tunable planar focusing lens 904. The lens 904 includes graphene metasurface unit cells 90 0 b arranged in rings 906 that form a …
FIGS. 10A-1O C illustrate simulations of the extreme mode confinement ability of a graphene nanodisk. These simulations were based on the boundary element …
FIG. 11 C, which is useful in optical routing and optical computing at the quantum level. [00113] One nonlinear optical phenomenon at few-photon level is the …
FIG. 12A has a maximum Purcell enhancement of over 350 at a wavelength of about 640 nm, to produce near-100% light absorption from free space into the graphene …
FIG. 13B shows an on-chip optical isolator 1300 based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and the plasmonic Doppler effect. The isolator 1300 includes a graphene …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
An apparatus, comprising: a substrate having a first side and a second side opposite the first side; a first electrode disposed on the first side of the substrate; and an array of unit cells, disposed on the second side of the substrate, to spatially modulate an incident beam of light, each unit cell in the array of unit cells comprising: a layer of hexagonal boron-nitride (hBN) disposed on the substrate; a graphene layer disposed on the layer of hBN and having a carrier mobility substantially equal to or greater than 10,000 cm 2/(V.s); and a second electrode, disposed in electrical communication with the graphene layer, to apply a voltage across the graphene layer that shifts a Fermi level of the graphene layer, thereby changing an amplitude and/or phase of at least a portion of the incident beam of light. Original
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the array of unit cells comprises: a one-dimensional (1D) array of unit cells configured to steer the incident beam of light in an arbitrary direction. Original
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the array of unit cells comprises: a two-dimensional (2 D) array of unit cells configured to change a divergence of the incident beam of light, a first group of unit cells in the 2D array of unit cells forming a first ring and a second group of unit cells in the 2D array of unit cells forming a second ring concentric with the first ring. Original
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the graphene layer in at least one unit cell in the array of unit cells is patterned to [[from]] form an array of graphene nanostructures. Currently amended
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the graphene layer comprises alternating regions of a first carrier concentration and a second carrier concentration different from the first carrier concentration. Original
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one unit cell in the array of unit cells further comprises: SVG 16268566.12-30-2020.KJBZ₉N₈ULDFLYX9.CLM.1.svg 0.16 3.54 Black and white Original
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one unit cell in the array of unit cells further comprises: a periodic array of metallic slits disposed on the graphene layer. Original
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one unit cell in the array of unit cells further comprises: a nanoantenna comprising concentric metallic rings electrically connected to each other, and wherein the graphene layer comprises a graphene nanodisk disposed at a center of the nanoantenna. Original
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one unit cell in the array of unit cells further comprises: a two-arm Archimedean spiral antenna, and wherein the graphene layer comprises a graphene nanodisk disposed at a center of the two-arm Archimedean spiral antenna. Original
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the substrate is a layer in a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) stack and at least a portion of the second electrode extends into the CMOS stack. Original
An apparatus, comprising: a substrate; a graphene layer disposed on the substrate; an electrolyte disposed on the graphene layer; a pair of electrodes comprising a first electrode in electrical communication with the graphene layer and a second electrode in electrical communication with the electrolyte, to apply a bias voltage across the graphene layer and the electrolyte that causes ions in the electrolyte to migrate toward the graphene layer; and a patterned dielectric layer, between the graphene layer and the electrolyte, to screen the at least a portion of the graphene layer from ions in the electrolyte, thereby creating a spatially varying carrier concentration in the graphene layer, the spatially varying carrier concentration spatially modulating an optical conductivity of the graphene layer. Original
The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the graphene layer has a carrier mobility of at least about 10,000 cm 2/(V. s). Original
The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the patterned dielectric layer is patterned in a periodic array and the spatially varying carrier concentration varies periodically with the periodic array. Original
A method of modulating an optical conductivity of a device comprising a graphene layer, an electrolyte disposed on the graphene layer, and a patterned dielectric layer disposed between the graphene layer and the electrolyte, the method comprising: applying a bias voltage across the graphene layer and the electrolyte that causes ions in the electrolyte to migrate toward the graphene layer; and screening at least a portion of the graphene layer from ions in the electrolyte with the patterned dielectric layer, thereby creating a spatially varying carrier concentration in the graphene layer, the spatially varying carrier concentration spatially modulating an optical conductivity of the graphene layer. Original
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene metamaterial spatial light modulator unit cell array (hBN-encapsulated, voltage-gated)
electrolyte-gated graphene spatial light modulator with patterned dielectric ion screen
Materials described outside the worked examples.
hexagonal boron nitride
hBN
graphene
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 B shows perfect absorption by a nanostructured graphene sheet in different spectral regions when a variable voltage is applied to the nanostructured …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
graphene carrier mobility claimed threshold | ≥ 10000 cm²/(V·s) | graphene |
graphene carrier mobility from hBN encapsulation technique | ≥ 10000 cm²/(V·s) |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 11,042,073Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 B shows perfect absorption by a nanostructured graphene sheet in different spectral regions when a variable voltage is applied to the nanostructured …
FIG. 2. The other side of the substrate 820 is coated with a thin layer of gold 810. This gold layer 810 serves as both a reflector that reflects light incident …
FIG. 3A. The inset shows simulated charge carrier density profile for the electrolyte-PMMA gating scheme with a periodic PMMA mask with width l= 30 nm and …
FIG. 4A is an optical photograph of the graphene p-n junction, which is tuned by applying a voltage to gold (Au) electrodes. The white dashed lines indicate …
FIGS. 5 A and S B show simulated optical absorption spectra for an example graphene metamaterial with conductivity variation with a single atomic layer of …
FIG. 6D shows finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulated transmission spectra of optical conductivity modulation devices. Each 2D plot assumes constant …
FIG. 7A. The replacement lens could be much thinner and would not need any moving parts. [0086]
FIG. 8M. Each unit ce ll 900 b is controlled by a voltage Vi; that determines the amplitude and phase of the light reflected by the unit ce ll 900 b. Each phase …
FIG. 9B shows a voltage-tunable planar focusing lens 904. The lens 904 includes graphene metasurface unit cells 90 0 b arranged in rings 906 that form a …
FIGS. 10A-1O C illustrate simulations of the extreme mode confinement ability of a graphene nanodisk. These simulations were based on the boundary element …
FIG. 11 C, which is useful in optical routing and optical computing at the quantum level. [00113] One nonlinear optical phenomenon at few-photon level is the …
FIG. 12A has a maximum Purcell enhancement of over 350 at a wavelength of about 640 nm, to produce near-100% light absorption from free space into the graphene …
FIG. 13B shows an on-chip optical isolator 1300 based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and the plasmonic Doppler effect. The isolator 1300 includes a graphene …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
An apparatus, comprising: a substrate having a first side and a second side opposite the first side; a first electrode disposed on the first side of the substrate; and an array of unit cells, disposed on the second side of the substrate, to spatially modulate an incident beam of light, each unit cell in the array of unit cells comprising: a layer of hexagonal boron-nitride (hBN) disposed on the substrate; a graphene layer disposed on the layer of hBN and having a carrier mobility substantially equal to or greater than 10,000 cm 2/(V.s); and a second electrode, disposed in electrical communication with the graphene layer, to apply a voltage across the graphene layer that shifts a Fermi level of the graphene layer, thereby changing an amplitude and/or phase of at least a portion of the incident beam of light. Original
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the array of unit cells comprises: a one-dimensional (1D) array of unit cells configured to steer the incident beam of light in an arbitrary direction. Original
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the array of unit cells comprises: a two-dimensional (2 D) array of unit cells configured to change a divergence of the incident beam of light, a first group of unit cells in the 2D array of unit cells forming a first ring and a second group of unit cells in the 2D array of unit cells forming a second ring concentric with the first ring. Original
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the graphene layer in at least one unit cell in the array of unit cells is patterned to [[from]] form an array of graphene nanostructures. Currently amended
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the graphene layer comprises alternating regions of a first carrier concentration and a second carrier concentration different from the first carrier concentration. Original
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one unit cell in the array of unit cells further comprises: SVG 16268566.12-30-2020.KJBZ₉N₈ULDFLYX9.CLM.1.svg 0.16 3.54 Black and white Original
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one unit cell in the array of unit cells further comprises: a periodic array of metallic slits disposed on the graphene layer. Original
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one unit cell in the array of unit cells further comprises: a nanoantenna comprising concentric metallic rings electrically connected to each other, and wherein the graphene layer comprises a graphene nanodisk disposed at a center of the nanoantenna. Original
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one unit cell in the array of unit cells further comprises: a two-arm Archimedean spiral antenna, and wherein the graphene layer comprises a graphene nanodisk disposed at a center of the two-arm Archimedean spiral antenna. Original
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the substrate is a layer in a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) stack and at least a portion of the second electrode extends into the CMOS stack. Original
An apparatus, comprising: a substrate; a graphene layer disposed on the substrate; an electrolyte disposed on the graphene layer; a pair of electrodes comprising a first electrode in electrical communication with the graphene layer and a second electrode in electrical communication with the electrolyte, to apply a bias voltage across the graphene layer and the electrolyte that causes ions in the electrolyte to migrate toward the graphene layer; and a patterned dielectric layer, between the graphene layer and the electrolyte, to screen the at least a portion of the graphene layer from ions in the electrolyte, thereby creating a spatially varying carrier concentration in the graphene layer, the spatially varying carrier concentration spatially modulating an optical conductivity of the graphene layer. Original
The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the graphene layer has a carrier mobility of at least about 10,000 cm 2/(V. s). Original
The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the patterned dielectric layer is patterned in a periodic array and the spatially varying carrier concentration varies periodically with the periodic array. Original
A method of modulating an optical conductivity of a device comprising a graphene layer, an electrolyte disposed on the graphene layer, and a patterned dielectric layer disposed between the graphene layer and the electrolyte, the method comprising: applying a bias voltage across the graphene layer and the electrolyte that causes ions in the electrolyte to migrate toward the graphene layer; and screening at least a portion of the graphene layer from ions in the electrolyte with the patterned dielectric layer, thereby creating a spatially varying carrier concentration in the graphene layer, the spatially varying carrier concentration spatially modulating an optical conductivity of the graphene layer. Original
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene metamaterial spatial light modulator unit cell array (hBN-encapsulated, voltage-gated)
electrolyte-gated graphene spatial light modulator with patterned dielectric ion screen
Materials described outside the worked examples.
hexagonal boron nitride
hBN
graphene
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 B shows perfect absorption by a nanostructured graphene sheet in different spectral regions when a variable voltage is applied to the nanostructured …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
graphene carrier mobility claimed threshold | ≥ 10000 cm²/(V·s) | graphene |
graphene carrier mobility from hBN encapsulation technique | ≥ 10000 cm²/(V·s) |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
metal
electrolyte
patterned dielectric
FIG. 2. The other side of the substrate 820 is coated with a thin layer of gold 810. This gold layer 810 serves as both a reflector that reflects light incident …
FIG. 3A. The inset shows simulated charge carrier density profile for the electrolyte-PMMA gating scheme with a periodic PMMA mask with width l= 30 nm and …
FIG. 3A. The inset shows simulated charge carrier density profile for the electrolyte-PMMA gating scheme with a periodic PMMA mask with width l= 30 nm and …
FIG. 4A is an optical photograph of the graphene p-n junction, which is tuned by applying a voltage to gold (Au) electrodes. The white dashed lines indicate …
FIG. 4A is an optical photograph of the graphene p-n junction, which is tuned by applying a voltage to gold (Au) electrodes. The white dashed lines indicate …
FIGS. 5 A and S B show simulated optical absorption spectra for an example graphene metamaterial with conductivity variation with a single atomic layer of …
FIG. 6D shows finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulated transmission spectra of optical conductivity modulation devices. Each 2D plot assumes constant …
FIG. 6D shows finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulated transmission spectra of optical conductivity modulation devices. Each 2D plot assumes constant …
FIG. 6D shows finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulated transmission spectra of optical conductivity modulation devices. Each 2D plot assumes constant …
FIG. 12A has a maximum Purcell enhancement of over 350 at a wavelength of about 640 nm, to produce near-100% light absorption from free space into the graphene …
Thickness | 10–500 nm | — |
Thickness | 160–220 nm | — |
— | 0.4–0.8 eV | — |
Thickness | 30–80 nm | — |
— | ≥ 1 eV | — |
Thickness | ≥ 10000 cm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 15 nm | — |
metal
electrolyte
patterned dielectric
FIG. 2. The other side of the substrate 820 is coated with a thin layer of gold 810. This gold layer 810 serves as both a reflector that reflects light incident …
FIG. 3A. The inset shows simulated charge carrier density profile for the electrolyte-PMMA gating scheme with a periodic PMMA mask with width l= 30 nm and …
FIG. 3A. The inset shows simulated charge carrier density profile for the electrolyte-PMMA gating scheme with a periodic PMMA mask with width l= 30 nm and …
FIG. 4A is an optical photograph of the graphene p-n junction, which is tuned by applying a voltage to gold (Au) electrodes. The white dashed lines indicate …
FIG. 4A is an optical photograph of the graphene p-n junction, which is tuned by applying a voltage to gold (Au) electrodes. The white dashed lines indicate …
FIGS. 5 A and S B show simulated optical absorption spectra for an example graphene metamaterial with conductivity variation with a single atomic layer of …
FIG. 6D shows finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulated transmission spectra of optical conductivity modulation devices. Each 2D plot assumes constant …
FIG. 6D shows finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulated transmission spectra of optical conductivity modulation devices. Each 2D plot assumes constant …
FIG. 6D shows finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulated transmission spectra of optical conductivity modulation devices. Each 2D plot assumes constant …
FIG. 12A has a maximum Purcell enhancement of over 350 at a wavelength of about 640 nm, to produce near-100% light absorption from free space into the graphene …
Thickness | 10–500 nm | — |
Thickness | 160–220 nm | — |
— | 0.4–0.8 eV | — |
Thickness | 30–80 nm | — |
— | ≥ 1 eV | — |
Thickness | ≥ 10000 cm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 15 nm | — |
metal
electrolyte
patterned dielectric
FIG. 2. The other side of the substrate 820 is coated with a thin layer of gold 810. This gold layer 810 serves as both a reflector that reflects light incident …
FIG. 3A. The inset shows simulated charge carrier density profile for the electrolyte-PMMA gating scheme with a periodic PMMA mask with width l= 30 nm and …
FIG. 3A. The inset shows simulated charge carrier density profile for the electrolyte-PMMA gating scheme with a periodic PMMA mask with width l= 30 nm and …
FIG. 4A is an optical photograph of the graphene p-n junction, which is tuned by applying a voltage to gold (Au) electrodes. The white dashed lines indicate …
FIG. 4A is an optical photograph of the graphene p-n junction, which is tuned by applying a voltage to gold (Au) electrodes. The white dashed lines indicate …
FIGS. 5 A and S B show simulated optical absorption spectra for an example graphene metamaterial with conductivity variation with a single atomic layer of …
FIG. 6D shows finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulated transmission spectra of optical conductivity modulation devices. Each 2D plot assumes constant …
FIG. 6D shows finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulated transmission spectra of optical conductivity modulation devices. Each 2D plot assumes constant …
FIG. 6D shows finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulated transmission spectra of optical conductivity modulation devices. Each 2D plot assumes constant …
FIG. 12A has a maximum Purcell enhancement of over 350 at a wavelength of about 640 nm, to produce near-100% light absorption from free space into the graphene …
Thickness | 10–500 nm | — |
Thickness | 160–220 nm | — |
— | 0.4–0.8 eV | — |
Thickness | 30–80 nm | — |
— | ≥ 1 eV | — |
Thickness | ≥ 10000 cm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 15 nm | — |
metal
electrolyte
patterned dielectric
FIG. 2. The other side of the substrate 820 is coated with a thin layer of gold 810. This gold layer 810 serves as both a reflector that reflects light incident …
FIG. 3A. The inset shows simulated charge carrier density profile for the electrolyte-PMMA gating scheme with a periodic PMMA mask with width l= 30 nm and …
FIG. 3A. The inset shows simulated charge carrier density profile for the electrolyte-PMMA gating scheme with a periodic PMMA mask with width l= 30 nm and …
FIG. 4A is an optical photograph of the graphene p-n junction, which is tuned by applying a voltage to gold (Au) electrodes. The white dashed lines indicate …
FIG. 4A is an optical photograph of the graphene p-n junction, which is tuned by applying a voltage to gold (Au) electrodes. The white dashed lines indicate …
FIGS. 5 A and S B show simulated optical absorption spectra for an example graphene metamaterial with conductivity variation with a single atomic layer of …
FIG. 6D shows finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulated transmission spectra of optical conductivity modulation devices. Each 2D plot assumes constant …
FIG. 6D shows finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulated transmission spectra of optical conductivity modulation devices. Each 2D plot assumes constant …
FIG. 6D shows finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulated transmission spectra of optical conductivity modulation devices. Each 2D plot assumes constant …
FIG. 12A has a maximum Purcell enhancement of over 350 at a wavelength of about 640 nm, to produce near-100% light absorption from free space into the graphene …
Thickness | 10–500 nm | — |
Thickness | 160–220 nm | — |
— | 0.4–0.8 eV | — |
Thickness | 30–80 nm | — |
— | ≥ 1 eV | — |
Thickness | ≥ 10000 cm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 15 nm | — |