Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,929,287Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 is a general schematic of the process for the s ynthesis of three- dimensional (3 -D) graphene foams using a source of layered materials and a skelet …
FIG. 2 is a detailed schematic of the process for the synthesis of the three-dimensional crystalline graphene foam containing silicon using carbon-coated …
FIG. 3 is a schematic showing the ability of the method of the present invention to allow control of the pore size, density and surface area of the 3-D …
FIG. 4 is a general schematic of the process for the s ynthesis of three- dimensional (3 -D) graphene foams from a metal foam. WO 2013/180661 PCT/SG₂ …
FIG. 5 is a detailed schematic of the process for the synthesis of 3 -D graphene foams from a metal foam. [0025]
FIG. 6 is a schematic of graphene-based supercapacitor of the present invention. Both graphene-based electrodes in
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
M. Winter, J. O. Besenhard, M. E. Spahr, P. Novak, Adv. Mater. 10, 725 (1998).
The graphene-based electrode of Claim 1, wherein the ferroelectric polymer further comprises an electrolyte. Original
The graphene-based electrode of Claim 1, wherein the graphene substrate is made by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on a metal template. Original
The graphene-based electrode of claim 1, wherein the graphene foam contains single-layer or multi-layer graphene. Previously presented
The graphene-based electrode of claim 1, polymer-graphene composite, a metal-graphene ceramic-based composite, or a combination thereof. composite contains the graphene foam and a wherein the graphene composite is one of a composite, a graphene-based composite, and a Previously presented
J. Hassoun, G. Derrien, S. Panero, B. Scrosati, Adv. Mater. 20, 3169 (2008).
J. Li, J. R. Dahn, J. Electroche m. Soc. 154, A 156 (2007).
C. M. Park, K. H. Kim, H. Kim, H. -J. Sohn, Che m. Soc. Rev. 39, 3115 (2010).
Chen, Z., Ren, W., Gao, L., Liu, B., Pei, S. Cheng, H.-M., Nature Materials, 10, 4 24-428 (2011).
H. X. Ji, L. L. Zhang, M. T. Pettes, H. F. Li, S. S. Chen, L. Shi, R. Piner, R. S. Ruoff, Nano Lett, 12, 5, 2446 (2012).
K. S. Novoselov, D. Jiang, F. Schedin, T. J. Booth, V. V. Khotkevich, S. V. Morozov, A. K. Geim, PNAS, 102, 30, 10451 (2005).
K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S. V. Dubonos, L. V. Grigorieva, A. A. Firsov, Science, 306, 5696, 666, 2004. The teachings of all patents, published applications and references cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. WO 2013/180661 PCT/SG₂ 013/000230 -20- While this invention has been particularly shown and described with references to example embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention encompassed by the appended claims. Claims What is claimed is:
A supercapacitor for improved charge and energy storage, comprising: a first graphene-based electrode containing a first graphene substrate and a first and a second surface, the first surface in contact with a first surface of a porous separator; a second graphene-based electrode containing a second graphene substrate and a first and a second surface, the first surface in contact with a second surface of the porous separator; wherein at least one of the first e r an d the second graphene substrates is coated with a ferroelectric polymer; a first metal electrode making contact with the second surface of the first graphene-based electrode; and a second metal electrode making contact with the second surface of the second graphene-based electrode, wherein the first graphene substrate and the second graphene substrate are the same graphene substrate or different graphene substrates, in which each graphene substrate is a graphene foam or a combination of a graphene foam and one or more of a graphene sheet, activated reduced graphene oxide, and a graphene composite; and each g raphene substrate is a three-dimensional crystalline foam that contains a group IV-B element and graphene formed from a carbon source, wherein the carbon source is carbon black, amorphous carbon, single-wall carbon nanotube, multi-wall nanotube, graphene oxide, graphite powder, or a combination thereof; the group IV-B element is silicon, germanium, tin, lead, or a combination thereof; and the three-dimensional crystalline foam is formed from a three-dimensional metal foam framework having a surface area of at least 500 m 2/g. Currently amended
The supercapacitor of Claim 12, wherein the ferroelectric polymer is a polymer or copolymer comprising polyvinylidene fluoride, trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, 1,1-chlorofluoroethylene, or a combination thereof. Original
A method of making a supercapacitor of claim 12 for improved charge and energy storage, the method comprising: a) preparing a first and a second graphene substrate for a first and a second graphene-based electrode, respectively, wherein each graphene substrate is a graphene foam or a combination of the graphene foam and one or more of a graphene sheet, activated reduced graphene oxide, and a graphene composite, and wherein each graphene-based electrode includes a first and a second surface; b) coating throughout at least one of the first and the second graphene substrates with a ferroelectric polymer [[the]]; c) contacting the first surface of the first graphene-based electrode with a first surface of a porous separator; d) contacting the first surface of the second graphene-based electrode with a second surface of the porous separator; e) contacting a first metal electrode with the second surface of the first graphene- based electrode; and f) contacting a second metal electrode with the second surface of the second graphene-based electrode, whereby the supercapacitor is obtained. Currently amended
13-15. Canceled
Canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene-based electrode
supercapacitor
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene foam
ferroelectric polymer (PVDF-based)
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
minimum surface area of metal foam framework | 500 m2/g | metal foam framework (Ni, Co, Cu, Fe, Pt) |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,929,287Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 is a general schematic of the process for the s ynthesis of three- dimensional (3 -D) graphene foams using a source of layered materials and a skelet …
FIG. 2 is a detailed schematic of the process for the synthesis of the three-dimensional crystalline graphene foam containing silicon using carbon-coated …
FIG. 3 is a schematic showing the ability of the method of the present invention to allow control of the pore size, density and surface area of the 3-D …
FIG. 4 is a general schematic of the process for the s ynthesis of three- dimensional (3 -D) graphene foams from a metal foam. WO 2013/180661 PCT/SG₂ …
FIG. 5 is a detailed schematic of the process for the synthesis of 3 -D graphene foams from a metal foam. [0025]
FIG. 6 is a schematic of graphene-based supercapacitor of the present invention. Both graphene-based electrodes in
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
M. Winter, J. O. Besenhard, M. E. Spahr, P. Novak, Adv. Mater. 10, 725 (1998).
The graphene-based electrode of Claim 1, wherein the ferroelectric polymer further comprises an electrolyte. Original
The graphene-based electrode of Claim 1, wherein the graphene substrate is made by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on a metal template. Original
The graphene-based electrode of claim 1, wherein the graphene foam contains single-layer or multi-layer graphene. Previously presented
The graphene-based electrode of claim 1, polymer-graphene composite, a metal-graphene ceramic-based composite, or a combination thereof. composite contains the graphene foam and a wherein the graphene composite is one of a composite, a graphene-based composite, and a Previously presented
J. Hassoun, G. Derrien, S. Panero, B. Scrosati, Adv. Mater. 20, 3169 (2008).
J. Li, J. R. Dahn, J. Electroche m. Soc. 154, A 156 (2007).
C. M. Park, K. H. Kim, H. Kim, H. -J. Sohn, Che m. Soc. Rev. 39, 3115 (2010).
Chen, Z., Ren, W., Gao, L., Liu, B., Pei, S. Cheng, H.-M., Nature Materials, 10, 4 24-428 (2011).
H. X. Ji, L. L. Zhang, M. T. Pettes, H. F. Li, S. S. Chen, L. Shi, R. Piner, R. S. Ruoff, Nano Lett, 12, 5, 2446 (2012).
K. S. Novoselov, D. Jiang, F. Schedin, T. J. Booth, V. V. Khotkevich, S. V. Morozov, A. K. Geim, PNAS, 102, 30, 10451 (2005).
K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S. V. Dubonos, L. V. Grigorieva, A. A. Firsov, Science, 306, 5696, 666, 2004. The teachings of all patents, published applications and references cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. WO 2013/180661 PCT/SG₂ 013/000230 -20- While this invention has been particularly shown and described with references to example embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention encompassed by the appended claims. Claims What is claimed is:
A supercapacitor for improved charge and energy storage, comprising: a first graphene-based electrode containing a first graphene substrate and a first and a second surface, the first surface in contact with a first surface of a porous separator; a second graphene-based electrode containing a second graphene substrate and a first and a second surface, the first surface in contact with a second surface of the porous separator; wherein at least one of the first e r an d the second graphene substrates is coated with a ferroelectric polymer; a first metal electrode making contact with the second surface of the first graphene-based electrode; and a second metal electrode making contact with the second surface of the second graphene-based electrode, wherein the first graphene substrate and the second graphene substrate are the same graphene substrate or different graphene substrates, in which each graphene substrate is a graphene foam or a combination of a graphene foam and one or more of a graphene sheet, activated reduced graphene oxide, and a graphene composite; and each g raphene substrate is a three-dimensional crystalline foam that contains a group IV-B element and graphene formed from a carbon source, wherein the carbon source is carbon black, amorphous carbon, single-wall carbon nanotube, multi-wall nanotube, graphene oxide, graphite powder, or a combination thereof; the group IV-B element is silicon, germanium, tin, lead, or a combination thereof; and the three-dimensional crystalline foam is formed from a three-dimensional metal foam framework having a surface area of at least 500 m 2/g. Currently amended
The supercapacitor of Claim 12, wherein the ferroelectric polymer is a polymer or copolymer comprising polyvinylidene fluoride, trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, 1,1-chlorofluoroethylene, or a combination thereof. Original
A method of making a supercapacitor of claim 12 for improved charge and energy storage, the method comprising: a) preparing a first and a second graphene substrate for a first and a second graphene-based electrode, respectively, wherein each graphene substrate is a graphene foam or a combination of the graphene foam and one or more of a graphene sheet, activated reduced graphene oxide, and a graphene composite, and wherein each graphene-based electrode includes a first and a second surface; b) coating throughout at least one of the first and the second graphene substrates with a ferroelectric polymer [[the]]; c) contacting the first surface of the first graphene-based electrode with a first surface of a porous separator; d) contacting the first surface of the second graphene-based electrode with a second surface of the porous separator; e) contacting a first metal electrode with the second surface of the first graphene- based electrode; and f) contacting a second metal electrode with the second surface of the second graphene-based electrode, whereby the supercapacitor is obtained. Currently amended
13-15. Canceled
Canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene-based electrode
supercapacitor
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene foam
ferroelectric polymer (PVDF-based)
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
minimum surface area of metal foam framework | 500 m2/g | metal foam framework (Ni, Co, Cu, Fe, Pt) |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,929,287Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 is a general schematic of the process for the s ynthesis of three- dimensional (3 -D) graphene foams using a source of layered materials and a skelet …
FIG. 2 is a detailed schematic of the process for the synthesis of the three-dimensional crystalline graphene foam containing silicon using carbon-coated …
FIG. 3 is a schematic showing the ability of the method of the present invention to allow control of the pore size, density and surface area of the 3-D …
FIG. 4 is a general schematic of the process for the s ynthesis of three- dimensional (3 -D) graphene foams from a metal foam. WO 2013/180661 PCT/SG₂ …
FIG. 5 is a detailed schematic of the process for the synthesis of 3 -D graphene foams from a metal foam. [0025]
FIG. 6 is a schematic of graphene-based supercapacitor of the present invention. Both graphene-based electrodes in
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
M. Winter, J. O. Besenhard, M. E. Spahr, P. Novak, Adv. Mater. 10, 725 (1998).
The graphene-based electrode of Claim 1, wherein the ferroelectric polymer further comprises an electrolyte. Original
The graphene-based electrode of Claim 1, wherein the graphene substrate is made by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on a metal template. Original
The graphene-based electrode of claim 1, wherein the graphene foam contains single-layer or multi-layer graphene. Previously presented
The graphene-based electrode of claim 1, polymer-graphene composite, a metal-graphene ceramic-based composite, or a combination thereof. composite contains the graphene foam and a wherein the graphene composite is one of a composite, a graphene-based composite, and a Previously presented
J. Hassoun, G. Derrien, S. Panero, B. Scrosati, Adv. Mater. 20, 3169 (2008).
J. Li, J. R. Dahn, J. Electroche m. Soc. 154, A 156 (2007).
C. M. Park, K. H. Kim, H. Kim, H. -J. Sohn, Che m. Soc. Rev. 39, 3115 (2010).
Chen, Z., Ren, W., Gao, L., Liu, B., Pei, S. Cheng, H.-M., Nature Materials, 10, 4 24-428 (2011).
H. X. Ji, L. L. Zhang, M. T. Pettes, H. F. Li, S. S. Chen, L. Shi, R. Piner, R. S. Ruoff, Nano Lett, 12, 5, 2446 (2012).
K. S. Novoselov, D. Jiang, F. Schedin, T. J. Booth, V. V. Khotkevich, S. V. Morozov, A. K. Geim, PNAS, 102, 30, 10451 (2005).
K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S. V. Dubonos, L. V. Grigorieva, A. A. Firsov, Science, 306, 5696, 666, 2004. The teachings of all patents, published applications and references cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. WO 2013/180661 PCT/SG₂ 013/000230 -20- While this invention has been particularly shown and described with references to example embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention encompassed by the appended claims. Claims What is claimed is:
A supercapacitor for improved charge and energy storage, comprising: a first graphene-based electrode containing a first graphene substrate and a first and a second surface, the first surface in contact with a first surface of a porous separator; a second graphene-based electrode containing a second graphene substrate and a first and a second surface, the first surface in contact with a second surface of the porous separator; wherein at least one of the first e r an d the second graphene substrates is coated with a ferroelectric polymer; a first metal electrode making contact with the second surface of the first graphene-based electrode; and a second metal electrode making contact with the second surface of the second graphene-based electrode, wherein the first graphene substrate and the second graphene substrate are the same graphene substrate or different graphene substrates, in which each graphene substrate is a graphene foam or a combination of a graphene foam and one or more of a graphene sheet, activated reduced graphene oxide, and a graphene composite; and each g raphene substrate is a three-dimensional crystalline foam that contains a group IV-B element and graphene formed from a carbon source, wherein the carbon source is carbon black, amorphous carbon, single-wall carbon nanotube, multi-wall nanotube, graphene oxide, graphite powder, or a combination thereof; the group IV-B element is silicon, germanium, tin, lead, or a combination thereof; and the three-dimensional crystalline foam is formed from a three-dimensional metal foam framework having a surface area of at least 500 m 2/g. Currently amended
The supercapacitor of Claim 12, wherein the ferroelectric polymer is a polymer or copolymer comprising polyvinylidene fluoride, trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, 1,1-chlorofluoroethylene, or a combination thereof. Original
A method of making a supercapacitor of claim 12 for improved charge and energy storage, the method comprising: a) preparing a first and a second graphene substrate for a first and a second graphene-based electrode, respectively, wherein each graphene substrate is a graphene foam or a combination of the graphene foam and one or more of a graphene sheet, activated reduced graphene oxide, and a graphene composite, and wherein each graphene-based electrode includes a first and a second surface; b) coating throughout at least one of the first and the second graphene substrates with a ferroelectric polymer [[the]]; c) contacting the first surface of the first graphene-based electrode with a first surface of a porous separator; d) contacting the first surface of the second graphene-based electrode with a second surface of the porous separator; e) contacting a first metal electrode with the second surface of the first graphene- based electrode; and f) contacting a second metal electrode with the second surface of the second graphene-based electrode, whereby the supercapacitor is obtained. Currently amended
13-15. Canceled
Canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene-based electrode
supercapacitor
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene foam
ferroelectric polymer (PVDF-based)
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
minimum surface area of metal foam framework | 500 m2/g | metal foam framework (Ni, Co, Cu, Fe, Pt) |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,929,287Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 is a general schematic of the process for the s ynthesis of three- dimensional (3 -D) graphene foams using a source of layered materials and a skelet …
FIG. 2 is a detailed schematic of the process for the synthesis of the three-dimensional crystalline graphene foam containing silicon using carbon-coated …
FIG. 3 is a schematic showing the ability of the method of the present invention to allow control of the pore size, density and surface area of the 3-D …
FIG. 4 is a general schematic of the process for the s ynthesis of three- dimensional (3 -D) graphene foams from a metal foam. WO 2013/180661 PCT/SG₂ …
FIG. 5 is a detailed schematic of the process for the synthesis of 3 -D graphene foams from a metal foam. [0025]
FIG. 6 is a schematic of graphene-based supercapacitor of the present invention. Both graphene-based electrodes in
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
M. Winter, J. O. Besenhard, M. E. Spahr, P. Novak, Adv. Mater. 10, 725 (1998).
The graphene-based electrode of Claim 1, wherein the ferroelectric polymer further comprises an electrolyte. Original
The graphene-based electrode of Claim 1, wherein the graphene substrate is made by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on a metal template. Original
The graphene-based electrode of claim 1, wherein the graphene foam contains single-layer or multi-layer graphene. Previously presented
The graphene-based electrode of claim 1, polymer-graphene composite, a metal-graphene ceramic-based composite, or a combination thereof. composite contains the graphene foam and a wherein the graphene composite is one of a composite, a graphene-based composite, and a Previously presented
J. Hassoun, G. Derrien, S. Panero, B. Scrosati, Adv. Mater. 20, 3169 (2008).
J. Li, J. R. Dahn, J. Electroche m. Soc. 154, A 156 (2007).
C. M. Park, K. H. Kim, H. Kim, H. -J. Sohn, Che m. Soc. Rev. 39, 3115 (2010).
Chen, Z., Ren, W., Gao, L., Liu, B., Pei, S. Cheng, H.-M., Nature Materials, 10, 4 24-428 (2011).
H. X. Ji, L. L. Zhang, M. T. Pettes, H. F. Li, S. S. Chen, L. Shi, R. Piner, R. S. Ruoff, Nano Lett, 12, 5, 2446 (2012).
K. S. Novoselov, D. Jiang, F. Schedin, T. J. Booth, V. V. Khotkevich, S. V. Morozov, A. K. Geim, PNAS, 102, 30, 10451 (2005).
K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S. V. Dubonos, L. V. Grigorieva, A. A. Firsov, Science, 306, 5696, 666, 2004. The teachings of all patents, published applications and references cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. WO 2013/180661 PCT/SG₂ 013/000230 -20- While this invention has been particularly shown and described with references to example embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention encompassed by the appended claims. Claims What is claimed is:
A supercapacitor for improved charge and energy storage, comprising: a first graphene-based electrode containing a first graphene substrate and a first and a second surface, the first surface in contact with a first surface of a porous separator; a second graphene-based electrode containing a second graphene substrate and a first and a second surface, the first surface in contact with a second surface of the porous separator; wherein at least one of the first e r an d the second graphene substrates is coated with a ferroelectric polymer; a first metal electrode making contact with the second surface of the first graphene-based electrode; and a second metal electrode making contact with the second surface of the second graphene-based electrode, wherein the first graphene substrate and the second graphene substrate are the same graphene substrate or different graphene substrates, in which each graphene substrate is a graphene foam or a combination of a graphene foam and one or more of a graphene sheet, activated reduced graphene oxide, and a graphene composite; and each g raphene substrate is a three-dimensional crystalline foam that contains a group IV-B element and graphene formed from a carbon source, wherein the carbon source is carbon black, amorphous carbon, single-wall carbon nanotube, multi-wall nanotube, graphene oxide, graphite powder, or a combination thereof; the group IV-B element is silicon, germanium, tin, lead, or a combination thereof; and the three-dimensional crystalline foam is formed from a three-dimensional metal foam framework having a surface area of at least 500 m 2/g. Currently amended
The supercapacitor of Claim 12, wherein the ferroelectric polymer is a polymer or copolymer comprising polyvinylidene fluoride, trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, 1,1-chlorofluoroethylene, or a combination thereof. Original
A method of making a supercapacitor of claim 12 for improved charge and energy storage, the method comprising: a) preparing a first and a second graphene substrate for a first and a second graphene-based electrode, respectively, wherein each graphene substrate is a graphene foam or a combination of the graphene foam and one or more of a graphene sheet, activated reduced graphene oxide, and a graphene composite, and wherein each graphene-based electrode includes a first and a second surface; b) coating throughout at least one of the first and the second graphene substrates with a ferroelectric polymer [[the]]; c) contacting the first surface of the first graphene-based electrode with a first surface of a porous separator; d) contacting the first surface of the second graphene-based electrode with a second surface of the porous separator; e) contacting a first metal electrode with the second surface of the first graphene- based electrode; and f) contacting a second metal electrode with the second surface of the second graphene-based electrode, whereby the supercapacitor is obtained. Currently amended
13-15. Canceled
Canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene-based electrode
supercapacitor
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene foam
ferroelectric polymer (PVDF-based)
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
minimum surface area of metal foam framework | 500 m2/g | metal foam framework (Ni, Co, Cu, Fe, Pt) |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
group IV-B element (silicon, germanium, tin, lead)
carbon source (carbon black, amorphous carbon, SWCNT, MWCNT, graphene oxide, graphite powder)
polar polymer (PMMA, PVA, PEO, PVC, PAN, PEMA)
skelet powder (SiO2, Al₂O3, NaCl, MgO, HfO2, ZrO₂)
metal foam framework (Ni, Co, Cu, Fe, Pt)
Thickness |
| 5–100 nm |
| — |
Pressure | 0.1–50 MPa | — |
Pressure | 1–40 MPa | — |
Pressure | 0–40 MPa | — |
Pressure | 10–40 MPa | — |
Pressure | 0.1–40 MPa | — |
Pressure | 0.1–30 MPa | — |
Pressure | 0.1–1 MPa | — |
— | 200–1000 W | — |
— | 10–300 W | — |
— | 101–106 W | — |
— | 0.04–30 W | — |
— | ≤ 500 W | — |
group IV-B element (silicon, germanium, tin, lead)
carbon source (carbon black, amorphous carbon, SWCNT, MWCNT, graphene oxide, graphite powder)
polar polymer (PMMA, PVA, PEO, PVC, PAN, PEMA)
skelet powder (SiO2, Al₂O3, NaCl, MgO, HfO2, ZrO₂)
metal foam framework (Ni, Co, Cu, Fe, Pt)
Thickness |
| 5–100 nm |
| — |
Pressure | 0.1–50 MPa | — |
Pressure | 1–40 MPa | — |
Pressure | 0–40 MPa | — |
Pressure | 10–40 MPa | — |
Pressure | 0.1–40 MPa | — |
Pressure | 0.1–30 MPa | — |
Pressure | 0.1–1 MPa | — |
— | 200–1000 W | — |
— | 10–300 W | — |
— | 101–106 W | — |
— | 0.04–30 W | — |
— | ≤ 500 W | — |
group IV-B element (silicon, germanium, tin, lead)
carbon source (carbon black, amorphous carbon, SWCNT, MWCNT, graphene oxide, graphite powder)
polar polymer (PMMA, PVA, PEO, PVC, PAN, PEMA)
skelet powder (SiO2, Al₂O3, NaCl, MgO, HfO2, ZrO₂)
metal foam framework (Ni, Co, Cu, Fe, Pt)
Thickness |
| 5–100 nm |
| — |
Pressure | 0.1–50 MPa | — |
Pressure | 1–40 MPa | — |
Pressure | 0–40 MPa | — |
Pressure | 10–40 MPa | — |
Pressure | 0.1–40 MPa | — |
Pressure | 0.1–30 MPa | — |
Pressure | 0.1–1 MPa | — |
— | 200–1000 W | — |
— | 10–300 W | — |
— | 101–106 W | — |
— | 0.04–30 W | — |
— | ≤ 500 W | — |
group IV-B element (silicon, germanium, tin, lead)
carbon source (carbon black, amorphous carbon, SWCNT, MWCNT, graphene oxide, graphite powder)
polar polymer (PMMA, PVA, PEO, PVC, PAN, PEMA)
skelet powder (SiO2, Al₂O3, NaCl, MgO, HfO2, ZrO₂)
metal foam framework (Ni, Co, Cu, Fe, Pt)
Thickness |
| 5–100 nm |
| — |
Pressure | 0.1–50 MPa | — |
Pressure | 1–40 MPa | — |
Pressure | 0–40 MPa | — |
Pressure | 10–40 MPa | — |
Pressure | 0.1–40 MPa | — |
Pressure | 0.1–30 MPa | — |
Pressure | 0.1–1 MPa | — |
— | 200–1000 W | — |
— | 10–300 W | — |
— | 101–106 W | — |
— | 0.04–30 W | — |
— | ≤ 500 W | — |
