Patent
US 10,566,193SYNTHESIS AND PROCESSING OF Q-CARBON, GRAPHENE, AND DIAMOND
Jagdish Narayan
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,566,193Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 A also depicts a shift 104 in the carbon phase diagram 100. In some examples, carbon can be melted at a low temperature (e.g., more than 1000K less than …
FIG. 2 is a top view of a scanning electron microscope ("SEM") micrograph showing a cellular structure of a Q-carbon filament. In some examples, the Q-carbon …
FIG. 3 is an image showing formation of a nanodiamond. [0136] In some examples, the nanodiamond nuclei or lattice matching substrate can provide a seed for …
FIG. 4 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing growth of microdiamonds from a Q- carbon filament that contained nanodiamond nuclei (e.g., the Q-carbon …
FIG. 5 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing an area near the middle of an irradiated amorphous carbon that includes a high density of nanodiamonds and …
FIG. 6 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of nanodiamonds from a Q-carbon. In the example shown in
FIG. 7 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing an area near the middle of an irradiated amorphous carbon that includes mostly microdiamonds. In some …
FIG. 8 is a top view of a SEM micrograph showing a Q-carbon filament growing microdiamond through the growth of nanodiamonds. In some examples, a nanodiamond …
FIG. 9 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of nanodiamonds by homogeneous nucleation and on top of existing microdiamonds formed by …
FIG. 10 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of nanodiamonds by homogeneous nucleation between Q-carbon filaments. In the example shown in
FIG. 11 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing diamond nanodots and nanorods nucleating from Q-carbon. In some examples, a laser pulse can be applied to …
FIG. 12 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing microdiamonds forming when most of a Q-carbon filament is converted into diamond by second laser pulse. [048]
FIG. 13 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing a full conversion of amorphous Q-carbon into a string of microdiamonds. In the example shown in
FIG. 14 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing a triple point of a Q- carbon filament and the nucleation of diamond. In some examples, the triple point of …
FIG. 15 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing heterogeneous nucleation of nanodiamonds after a laser pulse is applied to the Q-carbon and diamond. In some …
FIG. 16 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of microdiamonds and some nanodiamonds after a laser pulse is applied to the Q-carbon filament. In …
FIG. 17 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing microdiamonds covering an entire region of a super undercooled carbon. In some examples, nanodiamonds may …
FIG. 18 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of a large-area single-crystal diamond thin film. In some examples, the large-area single- crystal …
FIG. 19 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing diamond growing on a copper substrate, where diamond is epitaxially aligned with copper and grows as single …
FIG. 20 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing the formation of a diamond faceted pillar 2002 from super undercooled carbon. [0150]
FIG. 21 is a graph 2100 depicting an example of Raman spectra results from Q- carbon on a sapphire substrate after a laser pulse, according to one example. In …
FIG. 22 is a graph 2200 depicting an example of Raman spectra results from microdiamond on sapphire substrate after a laser pulse, according to one example. In …
FIG. 23 is an image of an SEM micrograph image showing a cross-section transmission electron microscopy ("TEM") sample of Q-carbon containing nanodiamonds and …
FIG. 24 is a high- resolution TEM ("HRTEM") image showing a diamond m icrocrystallite and the corresponding < 110 > electron diffraction pattern, according to …
FIG. 25 is a HTREM image from Q-carbon that has a substantially amorphous structure with some nanodiamonds embedded into the Q-carbon. [0155]
FIG. 26 is a graph of an electron energy loss spectroscopy ("EELS") spectrum from diamond, according to one example. The EELS spectrum depicted in
FIG. 27 is a graph of an EELS spectrum from Q-carbon, according to one example. [063]
FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram showing formation of diamond nanoneedle or microneedles 2802 from Q-carbon 2806. The Q-carbon 2806 can be formed by nanosecond …
FIG. 29 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing formation of diamond nanoneedles and diamond microneedles from super undercooled carbon. In the example shown …
FIG. 30 is an image showing EBSD Kikuchi patterns from microdiamonds growing out of super undercooled carbon, according to one example. In some examples, a …
FIG. 31 is an image showing EBSD Kikuchi patterns from microdiamonds growing out of super undercooled carbon near a sapphire interface, according to another …
FIG. 32 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing diamond microneedles 3202 forming from super undercooled carbon. In the example shown in
FIG. 33, the graph can indicate a sharp Raman diamond peak at1136c SVG 15230870.08-08-2016.IRMEKSEJRXEAPX5.SPEC.30.9.519.791.591.842.svg 0.17 0.24 Chemistry …
FIG. 34 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing diamond nanoneedles and microneedles growing from super undercooled carbon on a sapphire substrate with inset …
FIG. 35 is an image of an SEM micrograph after residual amorphous carbon is etched away, which shows that nanoscale perturbation sets in quenched super …
FIG. 36 is an image of an SEM micrograph after residual amorphous carbon is etched away, which shows formation of diamond nanoneedles and microneedles from …
FIG. 37 is an image of a SEM micrograph showing formation of nanoneedles and microneedles from super undercooled carbon phase after residual amorphous carbon …
FIG. 38 is a graph depicting an example of Raman spectra results from nanodiamond, microdiamond and large-area thin films without residual amorphous peaks. …
FIG. 39 is an image of a SEM micrograph showing microdiamonds and 30 Attorney Docket No. 29-10130(098192-1019612) nanodiamonds on a high density polyethylene …
FIG. 40 is a graph depicting an example of Raman spectra results before and after laser annealing an amorphous diamond-like carbon film. In some examples, the …
FIG. 41 is a flow chart depicting an example of a process for converting carbon into a phase of carbon (e.g., Q-carbon) from which diamond structures can grow …
FIG. 42 is a graph depicting an example of bulk ferromagnetism in carbon, according to one example. [0180]
FIG. 43 is a graph showing Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy ("KPFM") on Q- carbon compared to a matrix of diamond and diamond-like carbon. In the example depicted …
FIG. 44 is a graph showing resistivity of amorphous carbon versus resistivity of Q-carbon as a function of temperature. In some examples, resistivity of …
FIG. 45, the Raman spectra results may indicate that Q-carbon can be stable against thermal heating. [0183] A diamond formed from Q-carbon may have various …
FIG. 46 is a flow chart depicting an example of a process for integrating a diamond structure with a substrate. [0186] In block 4602, titanium nitride can be …
FIG. 47 is a graph depicting an example of a boron nitride phase diagram containing cubic boron nitride (c-BN), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and liquid boron …
FIG. 48 is a graph depicting an example of Raman spectra results before laser annealing hBN and after laser annealing hBN. After laser annealing, only …
FIG. 49 (a) shows formation of super undercooled BN, which can be referred to as Q-BN, from which nano and micro cBN crystallites are formed. In some examples, …
FIG. 50 (b) shows a mechanism of formation of nanoneedles and microneedles of cBN, where interfacial instability in super undercooled BN leads to formation …
FIG. 51 illustrates the atomic structure of substitutional nitrogen and vacancy (NV) defect in < 110 > chain of diamond. [093]
FIG. 52 illustrates the structure of an NV defect in the diamond tetrahedron contained in the half (a/2, a/2, a/2) unit cell. These NV centers in diamond 40 …
FIGS. 53 -66, the characterization of diamond phase was carried by using electron backscatter diffraction ("EBSD"), Raman spectroscopy (633nm source), and …
FIG. 54 is a high-resolution SEM micrograph of a mechanism of nanodiamond formation from Q-Carbon, according to one example. [096]
FIG. 55 is a high-resolution SEM micrograph of the formation of nanodiamonds during initial stages and EBSD pattern, showing characteristic diamond Kikuchi …
FIG. 56 is a high-resolution SEM of undoped diamond nanocrystallites with average size 2 0 nm and microcrystallites with an average size of 500 nm, according …
FIG. 57 is a high-resolution SEM micrograph of microdiamonds covering the entire area with inset showing twins whose density is controlled by quenching rates, …
FIG. 58 shows the formation of nanoneedles and microneedles as a result of interfacial instability during growth from the liquid phase, according to one …
FIGS. 59 and 60 show high-resolution SEM micrographs of nanodiamonds from N-doped samples. In some embodiments, after laser annealing of the as-deposited …
FIG. 60 is a high-resolution SEM micrograph of a mixture of nanodiamonds and nanoplates of diamond, according to one example. [0102]
FIG. 61 shows a top view of a SEM micrograph showing formation of microcrystals of N-doped diamond, according to one example. In this example,(microcrystals …
FIG. 62 is a top view of a SEM micrograph showing formation of N-doped nanoneedles and microneedles, according to one example. From EBSD patterns, these …
FIG. 63. The partial pressure of nitrogen was varied from 5. 0x10- 3Torr (for sample # 1) to 5. 0x10- 2Torr (for sample # 2) to 5. 0x10-' Torr (for sample # …
FIG. 64 shows a sharp diamond peak which is downshifted from 1332cm -' because of decreasing crystallite size. Considering phonon dispersion relations, the …
FIG. 65.In this example, there is an upshift due to stresses, which is combined with downshiftdue to size. The Raman shift in diamond (Aw) is related to Aw (in …
FIG. 66 shows that magnetically active NV-defects are characterized by optical zero phonon line (ZPL) at 1.945 eV (637nm), whereas NV 0 has ZPL at 2.156 eV …
FIG. 67 provides the results on carrier concentration in N-doped diamond as a(function of 1/T). In some examples, the carrier concentration may vary from 2. …
FIG. 68, which shows Hall mobility as a function of T. This corresponds to conductivity of-25 Q/cm at 250 K, which, in some instances, may be reasonable. A fit …
FIG. 69 shows a quantum spin phasemeter 6900 for magnetic field detection based on Q-Carbon, according to one example. Ferromagnetic ("FM") Q-carbon can be used …
FIG. 70 shows a Q-Carbon as metallic ferromagnetic layer in a spin-torque oscillator, according to one example. Using a Q-carbon free layer can reduce current …
FIG. 71 shows a Q-Carbon optical lock, according to one example. Q-carbon can provide durability under power laser light polarization rotation. This can allow …
FIG. 72 shows a Q-Carbon memory unit based on bistability under paramagnetic ("PM")-ferromagnetic ("FM") phase transition, according to one example. Carrier …
FIG. 73 shows graphene, reduced graphene oxide and diamond integrated with silicon and sapphire, according to one example. [0241] Embodiments also include …
FIG. 74 is a flow chart 7400 depicting an example of a process for quenching from a super undercooled state to form one or more structures of material. [0243] …
FIG. 75 is a flow chart depicting an example of a process for quenching from a super undercooled state to form one or more structures incorporating one or more …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A process comprising: depositing amorphous carbon on a substrate; melting the amorphous carbon at a temperature no greater than about 4000K in an environment at ambient temperature and pressure; and quenching the melted amorphous carbon to create a form of carbon harder than diamond, diamond, or graphene. Currently amended
The process of claim 1, wherein the quenching creates a composite of the form of carbon harder than diamond and diamond. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein the quenching creates the form of carbon harder than diamond. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein the quenching creates diamond. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the quenching creates graphene. Original
The process of claim 1, further comprising: melting the form of carbon harder than diamond; and quenching the melted form of carbon harder than diamond to create diamond. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, further comprising epitaxially growing the created form of carbon harder than diamond, diamond, or graphene using the substrate as a template for epitaxial growth. Previously presented
A product formed by the process of claim 1. Withdrawn
A process comprising: melting amorphous carbon of an amorphous carbon film at a temperature no greater than about 4000K by a laser pulse in an environment at ambient temperature and pressure; and quenching the melted amorphous carbon to form a form of carbon harder than diamond, graphene, or diamond. Previously presented
The process of claim 10, wherein the quenching creates a composite of the form of carbon harder than diamond and diamond. Previously presented
The process of claim 10, wherein the quenching creates the form of carbon harder than diamond. Previously presented
The process of claim 10, wherein the quenching creates diamond. Original
The process of claim 10, wherein the quenching creates graphene. Original
The process of claim 10, further comprising: melting the form of carbon harder than diamond; and quenching the melted form of carbon harder than diamond to create diamond. Previously presented
The process of claim 10, further comprising: melting the form of carbon harder than diamond; and quenching the melted form of carbon harder than diamond to create a nanodot, nanodiamond, microdiamond, nanoneedle, microneedle, or large area single crystal film. Previously presented
The process of claim 10, further comprising: depositing a film of amorphous carbon on a substrate; and epitaxially growing the created form of carbon harder than diamond, diamond, or graphene using the substrate as a template for epitaxial growth Previously presented
A process comprising: depositing a film of amorphous carbon on a substrate by pulsed laser deposition; melting a first portion of amorphous carbon of the amorphous carbon film at a temperature no greater than about 4000K by a first laser pulse in an environment at ambient temperature and pressure; quenching the first portion of amorphous carbon to form a form of carbon harder than diamond; melting a first portion of the form of carbon harder than diamond by a second laser pulse; quenching the melted first portion of form of carbon harder than diamond to create a first diamond portion; melting a second portion of the form of carbon harder than diamond by a third laser pulse; and quenching the melted second portion of the form of carbon harder than diamond to create a second diamond portion, the first and second portions of diamond forming a nanodiamond, microdiamond, nanoneedle, microneedle, or large area single crystal film. Currently amended
Materials described outside the worked examples.
amorphous carbon
C
boron nitride (hexagonal)
BN
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 A also depicts a shift 104 in the carbon phase diagram 100. In some examples, carbon can be melted at a low temperature (e.g., more than 1000K less than …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Q-carbon harder than diamond | — | C |
C-C bond length in Q-carbon | — |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
GRAPHENE SHEET, GRAPHENE BASE INCLUDING THE SAME, AND METHOD OF PREPARING THE GRAPHENE SHEET
TWO-DIMENSIONAL VERTICAL COMPOSITE LAMINATE INCLUDING GRAPHENE AND HEXAGONAL BORON NITRIDE AND METHOD OF FABRICATING SAME
Patent
Atlas literature
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US 10,566,193Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 A also depicts a shift 104 in the carbon phase diagram 100. In some examples, carbon can be melted at a low temperature (e.g., more than 1000K less than …
FIG. 2 is a top view of a scanning electron microscope ("SEM") micrograph showing a cellular structure of a Q-carbon filament. In some examples, the Q-carbon …
FIG. 3 is an image showing formation of a nanodiamond. [0136] In some examples, the nanodiamond nuclei or lattice matching substrate can provide a seed for …
FIG. 4 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing growth of microdiamonds from a Q- carbon filament that contained nanodiamond nuclei (e.g., the Q-carbon …
FIG. 5 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing an area near the middle of an irradiated amorphous carbon that includes a high density of nanodiamonds and …
FIG. 6 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of nanodiamonds from a Q-carbon. In the example shown in
FIG. 7 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing an area near the middle of an irradiated amorphous carbon that includes mostly microdiamonds. In some …
FIG. 8 is a top view of a SEM micrograph showing a Q-carbon filament growing microdiamond through the growth of nanodiamonds. In some examples, a nanodiamond …
FIG. 9 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of nanodiamonds by homogeneous nucleation and on top of existing microdiamonds formed by …
FIG. 10 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of nanodiamonds by homogeneous nucleation between Q-carbon filaments. In the example shown in
FIG. 11 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing diamond nanodots and nanorods nucleating from Q-carbon. In some examples, a laser pulse can be applied to …
FIG. 12 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing microdiamonds forming when most of a Q-carbon filament is converted into diamond by second laser pulse. [048]
FIG. 13 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing a full conversion of amorphous Q-carbon into a string of microdiamonds. In the example shown in
FIG. 14 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing a triple point of a Q- carbon filament and the nucleation of diamond. In some examples, the triple point of …
FIG. 15 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing heterogeneous nucleation of nanodiamonds after a laser pulse is applied to the Q-carbon and diamond. In some …
FIG. 16 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of microdiamonds and some nanodiamonds after a laser pulse is applied to the Q-carbon filament. In …
FIG. 17 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing microdiamonds covering an entire region of a super undercooled carbon. In some examples, nanodiamonds may …
FIG. 18 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of a large-area single-crystal diamond thin film. In some examples, the large-area single- crystal …
FIG. 19 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing diamond growing on a copper substrate, where diamond is epitaxially aligned with copper and grows as single …
FIG. 20 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing the formation of a diamond faceted pillar 2002 from super undercooled carbon. [0150]
FIG. 21 is a graph 2100 depicting an example of Raman spectra results from Q- carbon on a sapphire substrate after a laser pulse, according to one example. In …
FIG. 22 is a graph 2200 depicting an example of Raman spectra results from microdiamond on sapphire substrate after a laser pulse, according to one example. In …
FIG. 23 is an image of an SEM micrograph image showing a cross-section transmission electron microscopy ("TEM") sample of Q-carbon containing nanodiamonds and …
FIG. 24 is a high- resolution TEM ("HRTEM") image showing a diamond m icrocrystallite and the corresponding < 110 > electron diffraction pattern, according to …
FIG. 25 is a HTREM image from Q-carbon that has a substantially amorphous structure with some nanodiamonds embedded into the Q-carbon. [0155]
FIG. 26 is a graph of an electron energy loss spectroscopy ("EELS") spectrum from diamond, according to one example. The EELS spectrum depicted in
FIG. 27 is a graph of an EELS spectrum from Q-carbon, according to one example. [063]
FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram showing formation of diamond nanoneedle or microneedles 2802 from Q-carbon 2806. The Q-carbon 2806 can be formed by nanosecond …
FIG. 29 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing formation of diamond nanoneedles and diamond microneedles from super undercooled carbon. In the example shown …
FIG. 30 is an image showing EBSD Kikuchi patterns from microdiamonds growing out of super undercooled carbon, according to one example. In some examples, a …
FIG. 31 is an image showing EBSD Kikuchi patterns from microdiamonds growing out of super undercooled carbon near a sapphire interface, according to another …
FIG. 32 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing diamond microneedles 3202 forming from super undercooled carbon. In the example shown in
FIG. 33, the graph can indicate a sharp Raman diamond peak at1136c SVG 15230870.08-08-2016.IRMEKSEJRXEAPX5.SPEC.30.9.519.791.591.842.svg 0.17 0.24 Chemistry …
FIG. 34 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing diamond nanoneedles and microneedles growing from super undercooled carbon on a sapphire substrate with inset …
FIG. 35 is an image of an SEM micrograph after residual amorphous carbon is etched away, which shows that nanoscale perturbation sets in quenched super …
FIG. 36 is an image of an SEM micrograph after residual amorphous carbon is etched away, which shows formation of diamond nanoneedles and microneedles from …
FIG. 37 is an image of a SEM micrograph showing formation of nanoneedles and microneedles from super undercooled carbon phase after residual amorphous carbon …
FIG. 38 is a graph depicting an example of Raman spectra results from nanodiamond, microdiamond and large-area thin films without residual amorphous peaks. …
FIG. 39 is an image of a SEM micrograph showing microdiamonds and 30 Attorney Docket No. 29-10130(098192-1019612) nanodiamonds on a high density polyethylene …
FIG. 40 is a graph depicting an example of Raman spectra results before and after laser annealing an amorphous diamond-like carbon film. In some examples, the …
FIG. 41 is a flow chart depicting an example of a process for converting carbon into a phase of carbon (e.g., Q-carbon) from which diamond structures can grow …
FIG. 42 is a graph depicting an example of bulk ferromagnetism in carbon, according to one example. [0180]
FIG. 43 is a graph showing Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy ("KPFM") on Q- carbon compared to a matrix of diamond and diamond-like carbon. In the example depicted …
FIG. 44 is a graph showing resistivity of amorphous carbon versus resistivity of Q-carbon as a function of temperature. In some examples, resistivity of …
FIG. 45, the Raman spectra results may indicate that Q-carbon can be stable against thermal heating. [0183] A diamond formed from Q-carbon may have various …
FIG. 46 is a flow chart depicting an example of a process for integrating a diamond structure with a substrate. [0186] In block 4602, titanium nitride can be …
FIG. 47 is a graph depicting an example of a boron nitride phase diagram containing cubic boron nitride (c-BN), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and liquid boron …
FIG. 48 is a graph depicting an example of Raman spectra results before laser annealing hBN and after laser annealing hBN. After laser annealing, only …
FIG. 49 (a) shows formation of super undercooled BN, which can be referred to as Q-BN, from which nano and micro cBN crystallites are formed. In some examples, …
FIG. 50 (b) shows a mechanism of formation of nanoneedles and microneedles of cBN, where interfacial instability in super undercooled BN leads to formation …
FIG. 51 illustrates the atomic structure of substitutional nitrogen and vacancy (NV) defect in < 110 > chain of diamond. [093]
FIG. 52 illustrates the structure of an NV defect in the diamond tetrahedron contained in the half (a/2, a/2, a/2) unit cell. These NV centers in diamond 40 …
FIGS. 53 -66, the characterization of diamond phase was carried by using electron backscatter diffraction ("EBSD"), Raman spectroscopy (633nm source), and …
FIG. 54 is a high-resolution SEM micrograph of a mechanism of nanodiamond formation from Q-Carbon, according to one example. [096]
FIG. 55 is a high-resolution SEM micrograph of the formation of nanodiamonds during initial stages and EBSD pattern, showing characteristic diamond Kikuchi …
FIG. 56 is a high-resolution SEM of undoped diamond nanocrystallites with average size 2 0 nm and microcrystallites with an average size of 500 nm, according …
FIG. 57 is a high-resolution SEM micrograph of microdiamonds covering the entire area with inset showing twins whose density is controlled by quenching rates, …
FIG. 58 shows the formation of nanoneedles and microneedles as a result of interfacial instability during growth from the liquid phase, according to one …
FIGS. 59 and 60 show high-resolution SEM micrographs of nanodiamonds from N-doped samples. In some embodiments, after laser annealing of the as-deposited …
FIG. 60 is a high-resolution SEM micrograph of a mixture of nanodiamonds and nanoplates of diamond, according to one example. [0102]
FIG. 61 shows a top view of a SEM micrograph showing formation of microcrystals of N-doped diamond, according to one example. In this example,(microcrystals …
FIG. 62 is a top view of a SEM micrograph showing formation of N-doped nanoneedles and microneedles, according to one example. From EBSD patterns, these …
FIG. 63. The partial pressure of nitrogen was varied from 5. 0x10- 3Torr (for sample # 1) to 5. 0x10- 2Torr (for sample # 2) to 5. 0x10-' Torr (for sample # …
FIG. 64 shows a sharp diamond peak which is downshifted from 1332cm -' because of decreasing crystallite size. Considering phonon dispersion relations, the …
FIG. 65.In this example, there is an upshift due to stresses, which is combined with downshiftdue to size. The Raman shift in diamond (Aw) is related to Aw (in …
FIG. 66 shows that magnetically active NV-defects are characterized by optical zero phonon line (ZPL) at 1.945 eV (637nm), whereas NV 0 has ZPL at 2.156 eV …
FIG. 67 provides the results on carrier concentration in N-doped diamond as a(function of 1/T). In some examples, the carrier concentration may vary from 2. …
FIG. 68, which shows Hall mobility as a function of T. This corresponds to conductivity of-25 Q/cm at 250 K, which, in some instances, may be reasonable. A fit …
FIG. 69 shows a quantum spin phasemeter 6900 for magnetic field detection based on Q-Carbon, according to one example. Ferromagnetic ("FM") Q-carbon can be used …
FIG. 70 shows a Q-Carbon as metallic ferromagnetic layer in a spin-torque oscillator, according to one example. Using a Q-carbon free layer can reduce current …
FIG. 71 shows a Q-Carbon optical lock, according to one example. Q-carbon can provide durability under power laser light polarization rotation. This can allow …
FIG. 72 shows a Q-Carbon memory unit based on bistability under paramagnetic ("PM")-ferromagnetic ("FM") phase transition, according to one example. Carrier …
FIG. 73 shows graphene, reduced graphene oxide and diamond integrated with silicon and sapphire, according to one example. [0241] Embodiments also include …
FIG. 74 is a flow chart 7400 depicting an example of a process for quenching from a super undercooled state to form one or more structures of material. [0243] …
FIG. 75 is a flow chart depicting an example of a process for quenching from a super undercooled state to form one or more structures incorporating one or more …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A process comprising: depositing amorphous carbon on a substrate; melting the amorphous carbon at a temperature no greater than about 4000K in an environment at ambient temperature and pressure; and quenching the melted amorphous carbon to create a form of carbon harder than diamond, diamond, or graphene. Currently amended
The process of claim 1, wherein the quenching creates a composite of the form of carbon harder than diamond and diamond. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein the quenching creates the form of carbon harder than diamond. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein the quenching creates diamond. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the quenching creates graphene. Original
The process of claim 1, further comprising: melting the form of carbon harder than diamond; and quenching the melted form of carbon harder than diamond to create diamond. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, further comprising epitaxially growing the created form of carbon harder than diamond, diamond, or graphene using the substrate as a template for epitaxial growth. Previously presented
A product formed by the process of claim 1. Withdrawn
A process comprising: melting amorphous carbon of an amorphous carbon film at a temperature no greater than about 4000K by a laser pulse in an environment at ambient temperature and pressure; and quenching the melted amorphous carbon to form a form of carbon harder than diamond, graphene, or diamond. Previously presented
The process of claim 10, wherein the quenching creates a composite of the form of carbon harder than diamond and diamond. Previously presented
The process of claim 10, wherein the quenching creates the form of carbon harder than diamond. Previously presented
The process of claim 10, wherein the quenching creates diamond. Original
The process of claim 10, wherein the quenching creates graphene. Original
The process of claim 10, further comprising: melting the form of carbon harder than diamond; and quenching the melted form of carbon harder than diamond to create diamond. Previously presented
The process of claim 10, further comprising: melting the form of carbon harder than diamond; and quenching the melted form of carbon harder than diamond to create a nanodot, nanodiamond, microdiamond, nanoneedle, microneedle, or large area single crystal film. Previously presented
The process of claim 10, further comprising: depositing a film of amorphous carbon on a substrate; and epitaxially growing the created form of carbon harder than diamond, diamond, or graphene using the substrate as a template for epitaxial growth Previously presented
A process comprising: depositing a film of amorphous carbon on a substrate by pulsed laser deposition; melting a first portion of amorphous carbon of the amorphous carbon film at a temperature no greater than about 4000K by a first laser pulse in an environment at ambient temperature and pressure; quenching the first portion of amorphous carbon to form a form of carbon harder than diamond; melting a first portion of the form of carbon harder than diamond by a second laser pulse; quenching the melted first portion of form of carbon harder than diamond to create a first diamond portion; melting a second portion of the form of carbon harder than diamond by a third laser pulse; and quenching the melted second portion of the form of carbon harder than diamond to create a second diamond portion, the first and second portions of diamond forming a nanodiamond, microdiamond, nanoneedle, microneedle, or large area single crystal film. Currently amended
Materials described outside the worked examples.
amorphous carbon
C
boron nitride (hexagonal)
BN
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 A also depicts a shift 104 in the carbon phase diagram 100. In some examples, carbon can be melted at a low temperature (e.g., more than 1000K less than …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Q-carbon harder than diamond | — | C |
C-C bond length in Q-carbon | — |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
GRAPHENE SHEET, GRAPHENE BASE INCLUDING THE SAME, AND METHOD OF PREPARING THE GRAPHENE SHEET
TWO-DIMENSIONAL VERTICAL COMPOSITE LAMINATE INCLUDING GRAPHENE AND HEXAGONAL BORON NITRIDE AND METHOD OF FABRICATING SAME
Patent
Atlas literature
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US 10,566,193Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 A also depicts a shift 104 in the carbon phase diagram 100. In some examples, carbon can be melted at a low temperature (e.g., more than 1000K less than …
FIG. 2 is a top view of a scanning electron microscope ("SEM") micrograph showing a cellular structure of a Q-carbon filament. In some examples, the Q-carbon …
FIG. 3 is an image showing formation of a nanodiamond. [0136] In some examples, the nanodiamond nuclei or lattice matching substrate can provide a seed for …
FIG. 4 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing growth of microdiamonds from a Q- carbon filament that contained nanodiamond nuclei (e.g., the Q-carbon …
FIG. 5 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing an area near the middle of an irradiated amorphous carbon that includes a high density of nanodiamonds and …
FIG. 6 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of nanodiamonds from a Q-carbon. In the example shown in
FIG. 7 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing an area near the middle of an irradiated amorphous carbon that includes mostly microdiamonds. In some …
FIG. 8 is a top view of a SEM micrograph showing a Q-carbon filament growing microdiamond through the growth of nanodiamonds. In some examples, a nanodiamond …
FIG. 9 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of nanodiamonds by homogeneous nucleation and on top of existing microdiamonds formed by …
FIG. 10 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of nanodiamonds by homogeneous nucleation between Q-carbon filaments. In the example shown in
FIG. 11 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing diamond nanodots and nanorods nucleating from Q-carbon. In some examples, a laser pulse can be applied to …
FIG. 12 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing microdiamonds forming when most of a Q-carbon filament is converted into diamond by second laser pulse. [048]
FIG. 13 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing a full conversion of amorphous Q-carbon into a string of microdiamonds. In the example shown in
FIG. 14 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing a triple point of a Q- carbon filament and the nucleation of diamond. In some examples, the triple point of …
FIG. 15 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing heterogeneous nucleation of nanodiamonds after a laser pulse is applied to the Q-carbon and diamond. In some …
FIG. 16 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of microdiamonds and some nanodiamonds after a laser pulse is applied to the Q-carbon filament. In …
FIG. 17 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing microdiamonds covering an entire region of a super undercooled carbon. In some examples, nanodiamonds may …
FIG. 18 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of a large-area single-crystal diamond thin film. In some examples, the large-area single- crystal …
FIG. 19 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing diamond growing on a copper substrate, where diamond is epitaxially aligned with copper and grows as single …
FIG. 20 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing the formation of a diamond faceted pillar 2002 from super undercooled carbon. [0150]
FIG. 21 is a graph 2100 depicting an example of Raman spectra results from Q- carbon on a sapphire substrate after a laser pulse, according to one example. In …
FIG. 22 is a graph 2200 depicting an example of Raman spectra results from microdiamond on sapphire substrate after a laser pulse, according to one example. In …
FIG. 23 is an image of an SEM micrograph image showing a cross-section transmission electron microscopy ("TEM") sample of Q-carbon containing nanodiamonds and …
FIG. 24 is a high- resolution TEM ("HRTEM") image showing a diamond m icrocrystallite and the corresponding < 110 > electron diffraction pattern, according to …
FIG. 25 is a HTREM image from Q-carbon that has a substantially amorphous structure with some nanodiamonds embedded into the Q-carbon. [0155]
FIG. 26 is a graph of an electron energy loss spectroscopy ("EELS") spectrum from diamond, according to one example. The EELS spectrum depicted in
FIG. 27 is a graph of an EELS spectrum from Q-carbon, according to one example. [063]
FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram showing formation of diamond nanoneedle or microneedles 2802 from Q-carbon 2806. The Q-carbon 2806 can be formed by nanosecond …
FIG. 29 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing formation of diamond nanoneedles and diamond microneedles from super undercooled carbon. In the example shown …
FIG. 30 is an image showing EBSD Kikuchi patterns from microdiamonds growing out of super undercooled carbon, according to one example. In some examples, a …
FIG. 31 is an image showing EBSD Kikuchi patterns from microdiamonds growing out of super undercooled carbon near a sapphire interface, according to another …
FIG. 32 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing diamond microneedles 3202 forming from super undercooled carbon. In the example shown in
FIG. 33, the graph can indicate a sharp Raman diamond peak at1136c SVG 15230870.08-08-2016.IRMEKSEJRXEAPX5.SPEC.30.9.519.791.591.842.svg 0.17 0.24 Chemistry …
FIG. 34 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing diamond nanoneedles and microneedles growing from super undercooled carbon on a sapphire substrate with inset …
FIG. 35 is an image of an SEM micrograph after residual amorphous carbon is etched away, which shows that nanoscale perturbation sets in quenched super …
FIG. 36 is an image of an SEM micrograph after residual amorphous carbon is etched away, which shows formation of diamond nanoneedles and microneedles from …
FIG. 37 is an image of a SEM micrograph showing formation of nanoneedles and microneedles from super undercooled carbon phase after residual amorphous carbon …
FIG. 38 is a graph depicting an example of Raman spectra results from nanodiamond, microdiamond and large-area thin films without residual amorphous peaks. …
FIG. 39 is an image of a SEM micrograph showing microdiamonds and 30 Attorney Docket No. 29-10130(098192-1019612) nanodiamonds on a high density polyethylene …
FIG. 40 is a graph depicting an example of Raman spectra results before and after laser annealing an amorphous diamond-like carbon film. In some examples, the …
FIG. 41 is a flow chart depicting an example of a process for converting carbon into a phase of carbon (e.g., Q-carbon) from which diamond structures can grow …
FIG. 42 is a graph depicting an example of bulk ferromagnetism in carbon, according to one example. [0180]
FIG. 43 is a graph showing Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy ("KPFM") on Q- carbon compared to a matrix of diamond and diamond-like carbon. In the example depicted …
FIG. 44 is a graph showing resistivity of amorphous carbon versus resistivity of Q-carbon as a function of temperature. In some examples, resistivity of …
FIG. 45, the Raman spectra results may indicate that Q-carbon can be stable against thermal heating. [0183] A diamond formed from Q-carbon may have various …
FIG. 46 is a flow chart depicting an example of a process for integrating a diamond structure with a substrate. [0186] In block 4602, titanium nitride can be …
FIG. 47 is a graph depicting an example of a boron nitride phase diagram containing cubic boron nitride (c-BN), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and liquid boron …
FIG. 48 is a graph depicting an example of Raman spectra results before laser annealing hBN and after laser annealing hBN. After laser annealing, only …
FIG. 49 (a) shows formation of super undercooled BN, which can be referred to as Q-BN, from which nano and micro cBN crystallites are formed. In some examples, …
FIG. 50 (b) shows a mechanism of formation of nanoneedles and microneedles of cBN, where interfacial instability in super undercooled BN leads to formation …
FIG. 51 illustrates the atomic structure of substitutional nitrogen and vacancy (NV) defect in < 110 > chain of diamond. [093]
FIG. 52 illustrates the structure of an NV defect in the diamond tetrahedron contained in the half (a/2, a/2, a/2) unit cell. These NV centers in diamond 40 …
FIGS. 53 -66, the characterization of diamond phase was carried by using electron backscatter diffraction ("EBSD"), Raman spectroscopy (633nm source), and …
FIG. 54 is a high-resolution SEM micrograph of a mechanism of nanodiamond formation from Q-Carbon, according to one example. [096]
FIG. 55 is a high-resolution SEM micrograph of the formation of nanodiamonds during initial stages and EBSD pattern, showing characteristic diamond Kikuchi …
FIG. 56 is a high-resolution SEM of undoped diamond nanocrystallites with average size 2 0 nm and microcrystallites with an average size of 500 nm, according …
FIG. 57 is a high-resolution SEM micrograph of microdiamonds covering the entire area with inset showing twins whose density is controlled by quenching rates, …
FIG. 58 shows the formation of nanoneedles and microneedles as a result of interfacial instability during growth from the liquid phase, according to one …
FIGS. 59 and 60 show high-resolution SEM micrographs of nanodiamonds from N-doped samples. In some embodiments, after laser annealing of the as-deposited …
FIG. 60 is a high-resolution SEM micrograph of a mixture of nanodiamonds and nanoplates of diamond, according to one example. [0102]
FIG. 61 shows a top view of a SEM micrograph showing formation of microcrystals of N-doped diamond, according to one example. In this example,(microcrystals …
FIG. 62 is a top view of a SEM micrograph showing formation of N-doped nanoneedles and microneedles, according to one example. From EBSD patterns, these …
FIG. 63. The partial pressure of nitrogen was varied from 5. 0x10- 3Torr (for sample # 1) to 5. 0x10- 2Torr (for sample # 2) to 5. 0x10-' Torr (for sample # …
FIG. 64 shows a sharp diamond peak which is downshifted from 1332cm -' because of decreasing crystallite size. Considering phonon dispersion relations, the …
FIG. 65.In this example, there is an upshift due to stresses, which is combined with downshiftdue to size. The Raman shift in diamond (Aw) is related to Aw (in …
FIG. 66 shows that magnetically active NV-defects are characterized by optical zero phonon line (ZPL) at 1.945 eV (637nm), whereas NV 0 has ZPL at 2.156 eV …
FIG. 67 provides the results on carrier concentration in N-doped diamond as a(function of 1/T). In some examples, the carrier concentration may vary from 2. …
FIG. 68, which shows Hall mobility as a function of T. This corresponds to conductivity of-25 Q/cm at 250 K, which, in some instances, may be reasonable. A fit …
FIG. 69 shows a quantum spin phasemeter 6900 for magnetic field detection based on Q-Carbon, according to one example. Ferromagnetic ("FM") Q-carbon can be used …
FIG. 70 shows a Q-Carbon as metallic ferromagnetic layer in a spin-torque oscillator, according to one example. Using a Q-carbon free layer can reduce current …
FIG. 71 shows a Q-Carbon optical lock, according to one example. Q-carbon can provide durability under power laser light polarization rotation. This can allow …
FIG. 72 shows a Q-Carbon memory unit based on bistability under paramagnetic ("PM")-ferromagnetic ("FM") phase transition, according to one example. Carrier …
FIG. 73 shows graphene, reduced graphene oxide and diamond integrated with silicon and sapphire, according to one example. [0241] Embodiments also include …
FIG. 74 is a flow chart 7400 depicting an example of a process for quenching from a super undercooled state to form one or more structures of material. [0243] …
FIG. 75 is a flow chart depicting an example of a process for quenching from a super undercooled state to form one or more structures incorporating one or more …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A process comprising: depositing amorphous carbon on a substrate; melting the amorphous carbon at a temperature no greater than about 4000K in an environment at ambient temperature and pressure; and quenching the melted amorphous carbon to create a form of carbon harder than diamond, diamond, or graphene. Currently amended
The process of claim 1, wherein the quenching creates a composite of the form of carbon harder than diamond and diamond. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein the quenching creates the form of carbon harder than diamond. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein the quenching creates diamond. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the quenching creates graphene. Original
The process of claim 1, further comprising: melting the form of carbon harder than diamond; and quenching the melted form of carbon harder than diamond to create diamond. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, further comprising epitaxially growing the created form of carbon harder than diamond, diamond, or graphene using the substrate as a template for epitaxial growth. Previously presented
A product formed by the process of claim 1. Withdrawn
A process comprising: melting amorphous carbon of an amorphous carbon film at a temperature no greater than about 4000K by a laser pulse in an environment at ambient temperature and pressure; and quenching the melted amorphous carbon to form a form of carbon harder than diamond, graphene, or diamond. Previously presented
The process of claim 10, wherein the quenching creates a composite of the form of carbon harder than diamond and diamond. Previously presented
The process of claim 10, wherein the quenching creates the form of carbon harder than diamond. Previously presented
The process of claim 10, wherein the quenching creates diamond. Original
The process of claim 10, wherein the quenching creates graphene. Original
The process of claim 10, further comprising: melting the form of carbon harder than diamond; and quenching the melted form of carbon harder than diamond to create diamond. Previously presented
The process of claim 10, further comprising: melting the form of carbon harder than diamond; and quenching the melted form of carbon harder than diamond to create a nanodot, nanodiamond, microdiamond, nanoneedle, microneedle, or large area single crystal film. Previously presented
The process of claim 10, further comprising: depositing a film of amorphous carbon on a substrate; and epitaxially growing the created form of carbon harder than diamond, diamond, or graphene using the substrate as a template for epitaxial growth Previously presented
A process comprising: depositing a film of amorphous carbon on a substrate by pulsed laser deposition; melting a first portion of amorphous carbon of the amorphous carbon film at a temperature no greater than about 4000K by a first laser pulse in an environment at ambient temperature and pressure; quenching the first portion of amorphous carbon to form a form of carbon harder than diamond; melting a first portion of the form of carbon harder than diamond by a second laser pulse; quenching the melted first portion of form of carbon harder than diamond to create a first diamond portion; melting a second portion of the form of carbon harder than diamond by a third laser pulse; and quenching the melted second portion of the form of carbon harder than diamond to create a second diamond portion, the first and second portions of diamond forming a nanodiamond, microdiamond, nanoneedle, microneedle, or large area single crystal film. Currently amended
Materials described outside the worked examples.
amorphous carbon
C
boron nitride (hexagonal)
BN
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 A also depicts a shift 104 in the carbon phase diagram 100. In some examples, carbon can be melted at a low temperature (e.g., more than 1000K less than …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Q-carbon harder than diamond | — | C |
C-C bond length in Q-carbon | — |
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GRAPHENE SHEET, GRAPHENE BASE INCLUDING THE SAME, AND METHOD OF PREPARING THE GRAPHENE SHEET
TWO-DIMENSIONAL VERTICAL COMPOSITE LAMINATE INCLUDING GRAPHENE AND HEXAGONAL BORON NITRIDE AND METHOD OF FABRICATING SAME
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,566,193Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 A also depicts a shift 104 in the carbon phase diagram 100. In some examples, carbon can be melted at a low temperature (e.g., more than 1000K less than …
FIG. 2 is a top view of a scanning electron microscope ("SEM") micrograph showing a cellular structure of a Q-carbon filament. In some examples, the Q-carbon …
FIG. 3 is an image showing formation of a nanodiamond. [0136] In some examples, the nanodiamond nuclei or lattice matching substrate can provide a seed for …
FIG. 4 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing growth of microdiamonds from a Q- carbon filament that contained nanodiamond nuclei (e.g., the Q-carbon …
FIG. 5 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing an area near the middle of an irradiated amorphous carbon that includes a high density of nanodiamonds and …
FIG. 6 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of nanodiamonds from a Q-carbon. In the example shown in
FIG. 7 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing an area near the middle of an irradiated amorphous carbon that includes mostly microdiamonds. In some …
FIG. 8 is a top view of a SEM micrograph showing a Q-carbon filament growing microdiamond through the growth of nanodiamonds. In some examples, a nanodiamond …
FIG. 9 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of nanodiamonds by homogeneous nucleation and on top of existing microdiamonds formed by …
FIG. 10 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of nanodiamonds by homogeneous nucleation between Q-carbon filaments. In the example shown in
FIG. 11 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing diamond nanodots and nanorods nucleating from Q-carbon. In some examples, a laser pulse can be applied to …
FIG. 12 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing microdiamonds forming when most of a Q-carbon filament is converted into diamond by second laser pulse. [048]
FIG. 13 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing a full conversion of amorphous Q-carbon into a string of microdiamonds. In the example shown in
FIG. 14 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing a triple point of a Q- carbon filament and the nucleation of diamond. In some examples, the triple point of …
FIG. 15 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing heterogeneous nucleation of nanodiamonds after a laser pulse is applied to the Q-carbon and diamond. In some …
FIG. 16 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of microdiamonds and some nanodiamonds after a laser pulse is applied to the Q-carbon filament. In …
FIG. 17 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing microdiamonds covering an entire region of a super undercooled carbon. In some examples, nanodiamonds may …
FIG. 18 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of a large-area single-crystal diamond thin film. In some examples, the large-area single- crystal …
FIG. 19 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing diamond growing on a copper substrate, where diamond is epitaxially aligned with copper and grows as single …
FIG. 20 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing the formation of a diamond faceted pillar 2002 from super undercooled carbon. [0150]
FIG. 21 is a graph 2100 depicting an example of Raman spectra results from Q- carbon on a sapphire substrate after a laser pulse, according to one example. In …
FIG. 22 is a graph 2200 depicting an example of Raman spectra results from microdiamond on sapphire substrate after a laser pulse, according to one example. In …
FIG. 23 is an image of an SEM micrograph image showing a cross-section transmission electron microscopy ("TEM") sample of Q-carbon containing nanodiamonds and …
FIG. 24 is a high- resolution TEM ("HRTEM") image showing a diamond m icrocrystallite and the corresponding < 110 > electron diffraction pattern, according to …
FIG. 25 is a HTREM image from Q-carbon that has a substantially amorphous structure with some nanodiamonds embedded into the Q-carbon. [0155]
FIG. 26 is a graph of an electron energy loss spectroscopy ("EELS") spectrum from diamond, according to one example. The EELS spectrum depicted in
FIG. 27 is a graph of an EELS spectrum from Q-carbon, according to one example. [063]
FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram showing formation of diamond nanoneedle or microneedles 2802 from Q-carbon 2806. The Q-carbon 2806 can be formed by nanosecond …
FIG. 29 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing formation of diamond nanoneedles and diamond microneedles from super undercooled carbon. In the example shown …
FIG. 30 is an image showing EBSD Kikuchi patterns from microdiamonds growing out of super undercooled carbon, according to one example. In some examples, a …
FIG. 31 is an image showing EBSD Kikuchi patterns from microdiamonds growing out of super undercooled carbon near a sapphire interface, according to another …
FIG. 32 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing diamond microneedles 3202 forming from super undercooled carbon. In the example shown in
FIG. 33, the graph can indicate a sharp Raman diamond peak at1136c SVG 15230870.08-08-2016.IRMEKSEJRXEAPX5.SPEC.30.9.519.791.591.842.svg 0.17 0.24 Chemistry …
FIG. 34 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing diamond nanoneedles and microneedles growing from super undercooled carbon on a sapphire substrate with inset …
FIG. 35 is an image of an SEM micrograph after residual amorphous carbon is etched away, which shows that nanoscale perturbation sets in quenched super …
FIG. 36 is an image of an SEM micrograph after residual amorphous carbon is etched away, which shows formation of diamond nanoneedles and microneedles from …
FIG. 37 is an image of a SEM micrograph showing formation of nanoneedles and microneedles from super undercooled carbon phase after residual amorphous carbon …
FIG. 38 is a graph depicting an example of Raman spectra results from nanodiamond, microdiamond and large-area thin films without residual amorphous peaks. …
FIG. 39 is an image of a SEM micrograph showing microdiamonds and 30 Attorney Docket No. 29-10130(098192-1019612) nanodiamonds on a high density polyethylene …
FIG. 40 is a graph depicting an example of Raman spectra results before and after laser annealing an amorphous diamond-like carbon film. In some examples, the …
FIG. 41 is a flow chart depicting an example of a process for converting carbon into a phase of carbon (e.g., Q-carbon) from which diamond structures can grow …
FIG. 42 is a graph depicting an example of bulk ferromagnetism in carbon, according to one example. [0180]
FIG. 43 is a graph showing Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy ("KPFM") on Q- carbon compared to a matrix of diamond and diamond-like carbon. In the example depicted …
FIG. 44 is a graph showing resistivity of amorphous carbon versus resistivity of Q-carbon as a function of temperature. In some examples, resistivity of …
FIG. 45, the Raman spectra results may indicate that Q-carbon can be stable against thermal heating. [0183] A diamond formed from Q-carbon may have various …
FIG. 46 is a flow chart depicting an example of a process for integrating a diamond structure with a substrate. [0186] In block 4602, titanium nitride can be …
FIG. 47 is a graph depicting an example of a boron nitride phase diagram containing cubic boron nitride (c-BN), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and liquid boron …
FIG. 48 is a graph depicting an example of Raman spectra results before laser annealing hBN and after laser annealing hBN. After laser annealing, only …
FIG. 49 (a) shows formation of super undercooled BN, which can be referred to as Q-BN, from which nano and micro cBN crystallites are formed. In some examples, …
FIG. 50 (b) shows a mechanism of formation of nanoneedles and microneedles of cBN, where interfacial instability in super undercooled BN leads to formation …
FIG. 51 illustrates the atomic structure of substitutional nitrogen and vacancy (NV) defect in < 110 > chain of diamond. [093]
FIG. 52 illustrates the structure of an NV defect in the diamond tetrahedron contained in the half (a/2, a/2, a/2) unit cell. These NV centers in diamond 40 …
FIGS. 53 -66, the characterization of diamond phase was carried by using electron backscatter diffraction ("EBSD"), Raman spectroscopy (633nm source), and …
FIG. 54 is a high-resolution SEM micrograph of a mechanism of nanodiamond formation from Q-Carbon, according to one example. [096]
FIG. 55 is a high-resolution SEM micrograph of the formation of nanodiamonds during initial stages and EBSD pattern, showing characteristic diamond Kikuchi …
FIG. 56 is a high-resolution SEM of undoped diamond nanocrystallites with average size 2 0 nm and microcrystallites with an average size of 500 nm, according …
FIG. 57 is a high-resolution SEM micrograph of microdiamonds covering the entire area with inset showing twins whose density is controlled by quenching rates, …
FIG. 58 shows the formation of nanoneedles and microneedles as a result of interfacial instability during growth from the liquid phase, according to one …
FIGS. 59 and 60 show high-resolution SEM micrographs of nanodiamonds from N-doped samples. In some embodiments, after laser annealing of the as-deposited …
FIG. 60 is a high-resolution SEM micrograph of a mixture of nanodiamonds and nanoplates of diamond, according to one example. [0102]
FIG. 61 shows a top view of a SEM micrograph showing formation of microcrystals of N-doped diamond, according to one example. In this example,(microcrystals …
FIG. 62 is a top view of a SEM micrograph showing formation of N-doped nanoneedles and microneedles, according to one example. From EBSD patterns, these …
FIG. 63. The partial pressure of nitrogen was varied from 5. 0x10- 3Torr (for sample # 1) to 5. 0x10- 2Torr (for sample # 2) to 5. 0x10-' Torr (for sample # …
FIG. 64 shows a sharp diamond peak which is downshifted from 1332cm -' because of decreasing crystallite size. Considering phonon dispersion relations, the …
FIG. 65.In this example, there is an upshift due to stresses, which is combined with downshiftdue to size. The Raman shift in diamond (Aw) is related to Aw (in …
FIG. 66 shows that magnetically active NV-defects are characterized by optical zero phonon line (ZPL) at 1.945 eV (637nm), whereas NV 0 has ZPL at 2.156 eV …
FIG. 67 provides the results on carrier concentration in N-doped diamond as a(function of 1/T). In some examples, the carrier concentration may vary from 2. …
FIG. 68, which shows Hall mobility as a function of T. This corresponds to conductivity of-25 Q/cm at 250 K, which, in some instances, may be reasonable. A fit …
FIG. 69 shows a quantum spin phasemeter 6900 for magnetic field detection based on Q-Carbon, according to one example. Ferromagnetic ("FM") Q-carbon can be used …
FIG. 70 shows a Q-Carbon as metallic ferromagnetic layer in a spin-torque oscillator, according to one example. Using a Q-carbon free layer can reduce current …
FIG. 71 shows a Q-Carbon optical lock, according to one example. Q-carbon can provide durability under power laser light polarization rotation. This can allow …
FIG. 72 shows a Q-Carbon memory unit based on bistability under paramagnetic ("PM")-ferromagnetic ("FM") phase transition, according to one example. Carrier …
FIG. 73 shows graphene, reduced graphene oxide and diamond integrated with silicon and sapphire, according to one example. [0241] Embodiments also include …
FIG. 74 is a flow chart 7400 depicting an example of a process for quenching from a super undercooled state to form one or more structures of material. [0243] …
FIG. 75 is a flow chart depicting an example of a process for quenching from a super undercooled state to form one or more structures incorporating one or more …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A process comprising: depositing amorphous carbon on a substrate; melting the amorphous carbon at a temperature no greater than about 4000K in an environment at ambient temperature and pressure; and quenching the melted amorphous carbon to create a form of carbon harder than diamond, diamond, or graphene. Currently amended
The process of claim 1, wherein the quenching creates a composite of the form of carbon harder than diamond and diamond. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein the quenching creates the form of carbon harder than diamond. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein the quenching creates diamond. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the quenching creates graphene. Original
The process of claim 1, further comprising: melting the form of carbon harder than diamond; and quenching the melted form of carbon harder than diamond to create diamond. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, further comprising epitaxially growing the created form of carbon harder than diamond, diamond, or graphene using the substrate as a template for epitaxial growth. Previously presented
A product formed by the process of claim 1. Withdrawn
A process comprising: melting amorphous carbon of an amorphous carbon film at a temperature no greater than about 4000K by a laser pulse in an environment at ambient temperature and pressure; and quenching the melted amorphous carbon to form a form of carbon harder than diamond, graphene, or diamond. Previously presented
The process of claim 10, wherein the quenching creates a composite of the form of carbon harder than diamond and diamond. Previously presented
The process of claim 10, wherein the quenching creates the form of carbon harder than diamond. Previously presented
The process of claim 10, wherein the quenching creates diamond. Original
The process of claim 10, wherein the quenching creates graphene. Original
The process of claim 10, further comprising: melting the form of carbon harder than diamond; and quenching the melted form of carbon harder than diamond to create diamond. Previously presented
The process of claim 10, further comprising: melting the form of carbon harder than diamond; and quenching the melted form of carbon harder than diamond to create a nanodot, nanodiamond, microdiamond, nanoneedle, microneedle, or large area single crystal film. Previously presented
The process of claim 10, further comprising: depositing a film of amorphous carbon on a substrate; and epitaxially growing the created form of carbon harder than diamond, diamond, or graphene using the substrate as a template for epitaxial growth Previously presented
A process comprising: depositing a film of amorphous carbon on a substrate by pulsed laser deposition; melting a first portion of amorphous carbon of the amorphous carbon film at a temperature no greater than about 4000K by a first laser pulse in an environment at ambient temperature and pressure; quenching the first portion of amorphous carbon to form a form of carbon harder than diamond; melting a first portion of the form of carbon harder than diamond by a second laser pulse; quenching the melted first portion of form of carbon harder than diamond to create a first diamond portion; melting a second portion of the form of carbon harder than diamond by a third laser pulse; and quenching the melted second portion of the form of carbon harder than diamond to create a second diamond portion, the first and second portions of diamond forming a nanodiamond, microdiamond, nanoneedle, microneedle, or large area single crystal film. Currently amended
Materials described outside the worked examples.
amorphous carbon
C
boron nitride (hexagonal)
BN
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 A also depicts a shift 104 in the carbon phase diagram 100. In some examples, carbon can be melted at a low temperature (e.g., more than 1000K less than …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Q-carbon harder than diamond | — | C |
C-C bond length in Q-carbon | — |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
GRAPHENE SHEET, GRAPHENE BASE INCLUDING THE SAME, AND METHOD OF PREPARING THE GRAPHENE SHEET
TWO-DIMENSIONAL VERTICAL COMPOSITE LAMINATE INCLUDING GRAPHENE AND HEXAGONAL BORON NITRIDE AND METHOD OF FABRICATING SAME
FIG. 2 is a top view of a scanning electron microscope ("SEM") micrograph showing a cellular structure of a Q-carbon filament. In some examples, the Q-carbon …
FIG. 4 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing growth of microdiamonds from a Q- carbon filament that contained nanodiamond nuclei (e.g., the Q-carbon …
FIG. 5 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing an area near the middle of an irradiated amorphous carbon that includes a high density of nanodiamonds and …
FIG. 6 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of nanodiamonds from a Q-carbon. In the example shown in
FIG. 7 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing an area near the middle of an irradiated amorphous carbon that includes mostly microdiamonds. In some …
FIG. 8 is a top view of a SEM micrograph showing a Q-carbon filament growing microdiamond through the growth of nanodiamonds. In some examples, a nanodiamond …
FIG. 9 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of nanodiamonds by homogeneous nucleation and on top of existing microdiamonds formed by …
FIG. 10 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of nanodiamonds by homogeneous nucleation between Q-carbon filaments. In the example shown in
FIG. 11 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing diamond nanodots and nanorods nucleating from Q-carbon. In some examples, a laser pulse can be applied to …
FIG. 12 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing microdiamonds forming when most of a Q-carbon filament is converted into diamond by second laser pulse. [048]
FIG. 13 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing a full conversion of amorphous Q-carbon into a string of microdiamonds. In the example shown in
FIG. 14 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing a triple point of a Q- carbon filament and the nucleation of diamond. In some examples, the triple point of …
FIG. 15 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing heterogeneous nucleation of nanodiamonds after a laser pulse is applied to the Q-carbon and diamond. In some …
FIG. 16 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of microdiamonds and some nanodiamonds after a laser pulse is applied to the Q-carbon filament. In …
FIG. 17 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing microdiamonds covering an entire region of a super undercooled carbon. In some examples, nanodiamonds may …
FIG. 18 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of a large-area single-crystal diamond thin film. In some examples, the large-area single- crystal …
FIG. 19 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing diamond growing on a copper substrate, where diamond is epitaxially aligned with copper and grows as single …
FIG. 20 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing the formation of a diamond faceted pillar 2002 from super undercooled carbon. [0150]
FIG. 21 is a graph 2100 depicting an example of Raman spectra results from Q- carbon on a sapphire substrate after a laser pulse, according to one example. In …
FIG. 22 is a graph 2200 depicting an example of Raman spectra results from microdiamond on sapphire substrate after a laser pulse, according to one example. In …
FIG. 23 is an image of an SEM micrograph image showing a cross-section transmission electron microscopy ("TEM") sample of Q-carbon containing nanodiamonds and …
FIG. 23 is an image of an SEM micrograph image showing a cross-section transmission electron microscopy ("TEM") sample of Q-carbon containing nanodiamonds and …
FIG. 24 is a high- resolution TEM ("HRTEM") image showing a diamond m icrocrystallite and the corresponding < 110 > electron diffraction pattern, according to …
FIG. 26 is a graph of an electron energy loss spectroscopy ("EELS") spectrum from diamond, according to one example. The EELS spectrum depicted in
FIG. 27 is a graph of an EELS spectrum from Q-carbon, according to one example. [063]
FIG. 29 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing formation of diamond nanoneedles and diamond microneedles from super undercooled carbon. In the example shown …
FIG. 30 is an image showing EBSD Kikuchi patterns from microdiamonds growing out of super undercooled carbon, according to one example. In some examples, a …
FIG. 31 is an image showing EBSD Kikuchi patterns from microdiamonds growing out of super undercooled carbon near a sapphire interface, according to another …
FIG. 32 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing diamond microneedles 3202 forming from super undercooled carbon. In the example shown in
FIG. 33, the graph can indicate a sharp Raman diamond peak at1136c SVG 15230870.08-08-2016.IRMEKSEJRXEAPX5.SPEC.30.9.519.791.591.842.svg 0.17 0.24 Chemistry …
FIG. 34 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing diamond nanoneedles and microneedles growing from super undercooled carbon on a sapphire substrate with inset …
FIG. 35 is an image of an SEM micrograph after residual amorphous carbon is etched away, which shows that nanoscale perturbation sets in quenched super …
FIG. 36 is an image of an SEM micrograph after residual amorphous carbon is etched away, which shows formation of diamond nanoneedles and microneedles from …
FIG. 37 is an image of a SEM micrograph showing formation of nanoneedles and microneedles from super undercooled carbon phase after residual amorphous carbon …
FIG. 38 is a graph depicting an example of Raman spectra results from nanodiamond, microdiamond and large-area thin films without residual amorphous peaks. …
FIG. 39 is an image of a SEM micrograph showing microdiamonds and 30 Attorney Docket No. 29-10130(098192-1019612) nanodiamonds on a high density polyethylene …
FIG. 40 is a graph depicting an example of Raman spectra results before and after laser annealing an amorphous diamond-like carbon film. In some examples, the …
FIG. 43 is a graph showing Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy ("KPFM") on Q- carbon compared to a matrix of diamond and diamond-like carbon. In the example depicted …
FIG. 44 is a graph showing resistivity of amorphous carbon versus resistivity of Q-carbon as a function of temperature. In some examples, resistivity of …
FIG. 44 is a graph showing resistivity of amorphous carbon versus resistivity of Q-carbon as a function of temperature. In some examples, resistivity of …
FIG. 45, the Raman spectra results may indicate that Q-carbon can be stable against thermal heating. [0183] A diamond formed from Q-carbon may have various …
FIG. 48 is a graph depicting an example of Raman spectra results before laser annealing hBN and after laser annealing hBN. After laser annealing, only …
FIGS. 53 -66, the characterization of diamond phase was carried by using electron backscatter diffraction ("EBSD"), Raman spectroscopy (633nm source), and …
FIGS. 53 -66, the characterization of diamond phase was carried by using electron backscatter diffraction ("EBSD"), Raman spectroscopy (633nm source), and …
FIGS. 53 -66, the characterization of diamond phase was carried by using electron backscatter diffraction ("EBSD"), Raman spectroscopy (633nm source), and …
FIG. 54 is a high-resolution SEM micrograph of a mechanism of nanodiamond formation from Q-Carbon, according to one example. [096]
FIG. 55 is a high-resolution SEM micrograph of the formation of nanodiamonds during initial stages and EBSD pattern, showing characteristic diamond Kikuchi …
FIG. 56 is a high-resolution SEM of undoped diamond nanocrystallites with average size 2 0 nm and microcrystallites with an average size of 500 nm, according …
FIG. 57 is a high-resolution SEM micrograph of microdiamonds covering the entire area with inset showing twins whose density is controlled by quenching rates, …
FIGS. 59 and 60 show high-resolution SEM micrographs of nanodiamonds from N-doped samples. In some embodiments, after laser annealing of the as-deposited …
FIG. 60 is a high-resolution SEM micrograph of a mixture of nanodiamonds and nanoplates of diamond, according to one example. [0102]
FIG. 61 shows a top view of a SEM micrograph showing formation of microcrystals of N-doped diamond, according to one example. In this example,(microcrystals …
FIG. 62 is a top view of a SEM micrograph showing formation of N-doped nanoneedles and microneedles, according to one example. From EBSD patterns, these …
FIG. 63. The partial pressure of nitrogen was varied from 5. 0x10- 3Torr (for sample # 1) to 5. 0x10- 2Torr (for sample # 2) to 5. 0x10-' Torr (for sample # …
FIG. 64 shows a sharp diamond peak which is downshifted from 1332cm -' because of decreasing crystallite size. Considering phonon dispersion relations, the …
FIG. 64 shows a sharp diamond peak which is downshifted from 1332cm -' because of decreasing crystallite size. Considering phonon dispersion relations, the …
FIG. 65.In this example, there is an upshift due to stresses, which is combined with downshiftdue to size. The Raman shift in diamond (Aw) is related to Aw (in …
FIG. 66 shows that magnetically active NV-defects are characterized by optical zero phonon line (ZPL) at 1.945 eV (637nm), whereas NV 0 has ZPL at 2.156 eV …
FIG. 68, which shows Hall mobility as a function of T. This corresponds to conductivity of-25 Q/cm at 250 K, which, in some instances, may be reasonable. A fit …
FIG. 71 shows a Q-Carbon optical lock, according to one example. Q-carbon can provide durability under power laser light polarization rotation. This can allow …
Q-carbon stable up to 3330 K | 3330 K | C |
Q-carbon negative electron affinity higher than diamond by at least 7% | — | C |
Q-carbon ferromagnetic (undoped carbon) | — | C |
Temperature | ≥ 4000 K | — |
FIG. 2 is a top view of a scanning electron microscope ("SEM") micrograph showing a cellular structure of a Q-carbon filament. In some examples, the Q-carbon …
FIG. 4 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing growth of microdiamonds from a Q- carbon filament that contained nanodiamond nuclei (e.g., the Q-carbon …
FIG. 5 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing an area near the middle of an irradiated amorphous carbon that includes a high density of nanodiamonds and …
FIG. 6 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of nanodiamonds from a Q-carbon. In the example shown in
FIG. 7 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing an area near the middle of an irradiated amorphous carbon that includes mostly microdiamonds. In some …
FIG. 8 is a top view of a SEM micrograph showing a Q-carbon filament growing microdiamond through the growth of nanodiamonds. In some examples, a nanodiamond …
FIG. 9 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of nanodiamonds by homogeneous nucleation and on top of existing microdiamonds formed by …
FIG. 10 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of nanodiamonds by homogeneous nucleation between Q-carbon filaments. In the example shown in
FIG. 11 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing diamond nanodots and nanorods nucleating from Q-carbon. In some examples, a laser pulse can be applied to …
FIG. 12 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing microdiamonds forming when most of a Q-carbon filament is converted into diamond by second laser pulse. [048]
FIG. 13 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing a full conversion of amorphous Q-carbon into a string of microdiamonds. In the example shown in
FIG. 14 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing a triple point of a Q- carbon filament and the nucleation of diamond. In some examples, the triple point of …
FIG. 15 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing heterogeneous nucleation of nanodiamonds after a laser pulse is applied to the Q-carbon and diamond. In some …
FIG. 16 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of microdiamonds and some nanodiamonds after a laser pulse is applied to the Q-carbon filament. In …
FIG. 17 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing microdiamonds covering an entire region of a super undercooled carbon. In some examples, nanodiamonds may …
FIG. 18 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of a large-area single-crystal diamond thin film. In some examples, the large-area single- crystal …
FIG. 19 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing diamond growing on a copper substrate, where diamond is epitaxially aligned with copper and grows as single …
FIG. 20 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing the formation of a diamond faceted pillar 2002 from super undercooled carbon. [0150]
FIG. 21 is a graph 2100 depicting an example of Raman spectra results from Q- carbon on a sapphire substrate after a laser pulse, according to one example. In …
FIG. 22 is a graph 2200 depicting an example of Raman spectra results from microdiamond on sapphire substrate after a laser pulse, according to one example. In …
FIG. 23 is an image of an SEM micrograph image showing a cross-section transmission electron microscopy ("TEM") sample of Q-carbon containing nanodiamonds and …
FIG. 23 is an image of an SEM micrograph image showing a cross-section transmission electron microscopy ("TEM") sample of Q-carbon containing nanodiamonds and …
FIG. 24 is a high- resolution TEM ("HRTEM") image showing a diamond m icrocrystallite and the corresponding < 110 > electron diffraction pattern, according to …
FIG. 26 is a graph of an electron energy loss spectroscopy ("EELS") spectrum from diamond, according to one example. The EELS spectrum depicted in
FIG. 27 is a graph of an EELS spectrum from Q-carbon, according to one example. [063]
FIG. 29 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing formation of diamond nanoneedles and diamond microneedles from super undercooled carbon. In the example shown …
FIG. 30 is an image showing EBSD Kikuchi patterns from microdiamonds growing out of super undercooled carbon, according to one example. In some examples, a …
FIG. 31 is an image showing EBSD Kikuchi patterns from microdiamonds growing out of super undercooled carbon near a sapphire interface, according to another …
FIG. 32 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing diamond microneedles 3202 forming from super undercooled carbon. In the example shown in
FIG. 33, the graph can indicate a sharp Raman diamond peak at1136c SVG 15230870.08-08-2016.IRMEKSEJRXEAPX5.SPEC.30.9.519.791.591.842.svg 0.17 0.24 Chemistry …
FIG. 34 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing diamond nanoneedles and microneedles growing from super undercooled carbon on a sapphire substrate with inset …
FIG. 35 is an image of an SEM micrograph after residual amorphous carbon is etched away, which shows that nanoscale perturbation sets in quenched super …
FIG. 36 is an image of an SEM micrograph after residual amorphous carbon is etched away, which shows formation of diamond nanoneedles and microneedles from …
FIG. 37 is an image of a SEM micrograph showing formation of nanoneedles and microneedles from super undercooled carbon phase after residual amorphous carbon …
FIG. 38 is a graph depicting an example of Raman spectra results from nanodiamond, microdiamond and large-area thin films without residual amorphous peaks. …
FIG. 39 is an image of a SEM micrograph showing microdiamonds and 30 Attorney Docket No. 29-10130(098192-1019612) nanodiamonds on a high density polyethylene …
FIG. 40 is a graph depicting an example of Raman spectra results before and after laser annealing an amorphous diamond-like carbon film. In some examples, the …
FIG. 43 is a graph showing Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy ("KPFM") on Q- carbon compared to a matrix of diamond and diamond-like carbon. In the example depicted …
FIG. 44 is a graph showing resistivity of amorphous carbon versus resistivity of Q-carbon as a function of temperature. In some examples, resistivity of …
FIG. 44 is a graph showing resistivity of amorphous carbon versus resistivity of Q-carbon as a function of temperature. In some examples, resistivity of …
FIG. 45, the Raman spectra results may indicate that Q-carbon can be stable against thermal heating. [0183] A diamond formed from Q-carbon may have various …
FIG. 48 is a graph depicting an example of Raman spectra results before laser annealing hBN and after laser annealing hBN. After laser annealing, only …
FIGS. 53 -66, the characterization of diamond phase was carried by using electron backscatter diffraction ("EBSD"), Raman spectroscopy (633nm source), and …
FIGS. 53 -66, the characterization of diamond phase was carried by using electron backscatter diffraction ("EBSD"), Raman spectroscopy (633nm source), and …
FIGS. 53 -66, the characterization of diamond phase was carried by using electron backscatter diffraction ("EBSD"), Raman spectroscopy (633nm source), and …
FIG. 54 is a high-resolution SEM micrograph of a mechanism of nanodiamond formation from Q-Carbon, according to one example. [096]
FIG. 55 is a high-resolution SEM micrograph of the formation of nanodiamonds during initial stages and EBSD pattern, showing characteristic diamond Kikuchi …
FIG. 56 is a high-resolution SEM of undoped diamond nanocrystallites with average size 2 0 nm and microcrystallites with an average size of 500 nm, according …
FIG. 57 is a high-resolution SEM micrograph of microdiamonds covering the entire area with inset showing twins whose density is controlled by quenching rates, …
FIGS. 59 and 60 show high-resolution SEM micrographs of nanodiamonds from N-doped samples. In some embodiments, after laser annealing of the as-deposited …
FIG. 60 is a high-resolution SEM micrograph of a mixture of nanodiamonds and nanoplates of diamond, according to one example. [0102]
FIG. 61 shows a top view of a SEM micrograph showing formation of microcrystals of N-doped diamond, according to one example. In this example,(microcrystals …
FIG. 62 is a top view of a SEM micrograph showing formation of N-doped nanoneedles and microneedles, according to one example. From EBSD patterns, these …
FIG. 63. The partial pressure of nitrogen was varied from 5. 0x10- 3Torr (for sample # 1) to 5. 0x10- 2Torr (for sample # 2) to 5. 0x10-' Torr (for sample # …
FIG. 64 shows a sharp diamond peak which is downshifted from 1332cm -' because of decreasing crystallite size. Considering phonon dispersion relations, the …
FIG. 64 shows a sharp diamond peak which is downshifted from 1332cm -' because of decreasing crystallite size. Considering phonon dispersion relations, the …
FIG. 65.In this example, there is an upshift due to stresses, which is combined with downshiftdue to size. The Raman shift in diamond (Aw) is related to Aw (in …
FIG. 66 shows that magnetically active NV-defects are characterized by optical zero phonon line (ZPL) at 1.945 eV (637nm), whereas NV 0 has ZPL at 2.156 eV …
FIG. 68, which shows Hall mobility as a function of T. This corresponds to conductivity of-25 Q/cm at 250 K, which, in some instances, may be reasonable. A fit …
FIG. 71 shows a Q-Carbon optical lock, according to one example. Q-carbon can provide durability under power laser light polarization rotation. This can allow …
Q-carbon stable up to 3330 K | 3330 K | C |
Q-carbon negative electron affinity higher than diamond by at least 7% | — | C |
Q-carbon ferromagnetic (undoped carbon) | — | C |
Temperature | ≥ 4000 K | — |
FIG. 2 is a top view of a scanning electron microscope ("SEM") micrograph showing a cellular structure of a Q-carbon filament. In some examples, the Q-carbon …
FIG. 4 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing growth of microdiamonds from a Q- carbon filament that contained nanodiamond nuclei (e.g., the Q-carbon …
FIG. 5 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing an area near the middle of an irradiated amorphous carbon that includes a high density of nanodiamonds and …
FIG. 6 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of nanodiamonds from a Q-carbon. In the example shown in
FIG. 7 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing an area near the middle of an irradiated amorphous carbon that includes mostly microdiamonds. In some …
FIG. 8 is a top view of a SEM micrograph showing a Q-carbon filament growing microdiamond through the growth of nanodiamonds. In some examples, a nanodiamond …
FIG. 9 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of nanodiamonds by homogeneous nucleation and on top of existing microdiamonds formed by …
FIG. 10 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of nanodiamonds by homogeneous nucleation between Q-carbon filaments. In the example shown in
FIG. 11 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing diamond nanodots and nanorods nucleating from Q-carbon. In some examples, a laser pulse can be applied to …
FIG. 12 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing microdiamonds forming when most of a Q-carbon filament is converted into diamond by second laser pulse. [048]
FIG. 13 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing a full conversion of amorphous Q-carbon into a string of microdiamonds. In the example shown in
FIG. 14 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing a triple point of a Q- carbon filament and the nucleation of diamond. In some examples, the triple point of …
FIG. 15 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing heterogeneous nucleation of nanodiamonds after a laser pulse is applied to the Q-carbon and diamond. In some …
FIG. 16 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of microdiamonds and some nanodiamonds after a laser pulse is applied to the Q-carbon filament. In …
FIG. 17 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing microdiamonds covering an entire region of a super undercooled carbon. In some examples, nanodiamonds may …
FIG. 18 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of a large-area single-crystal diamond thin film. In some examples, the large-area single- crystal …
FIG. 19 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing diamond growing on a copper substrate, where diamond is epitaxially aligned with copper and grows as single …
FIG. 20 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing the formation of a diamond faceted pillar 2002 from super undercooled carbon. [0150]
FIG. 21 is a graph 2100 depicting an example of Raman spectra results from Q- carbon on a sapphire substrate after a laser pulse, according to one example. In …
FIG. 22 is a graph 2200 depicting an example of Raman spectra results from microdiamond on sapphire substrate after a laser pulse, according to one example. In …
FIG. 23 is an image of an SEM micrograph image showing a cross-section transmission electron microscopy ("TEM") sample of Q-carbon containing nanodiamonds and …
FIG. 23 is an image of an SEM micrograph image showing a cross-section transmission electron microscopy ("TEM") sample of Q-carbon containing nanodiamonds and …
FIG. 24 is a high- resolution TEM ("HRTEM") image showing a diamond m icrocrystallite and the corresponding < 110 > electron diffraction pattern, according to …
FIG. 26 is a graph of an electron energy loss spectroscopy ("EELS") spectrum from diamond, according to one example. The EELS spectrum depicted in
FIG. 27 is a graph of an EELS spectrum from Q-carbon, according to one example. [063]
FIG. 29 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing formation of diamond nanoneedles and diamond microneedles from super undercooled carbon. In the example shown …
FIG. 30 is an image showing EBSD Kikuchi patterns from microdiamonds growing out of super undercooled carbon, according to one example. In some examples, a …
FIG. 31 is an image showing EBSD Kikuchi patterns from microdiamonds growing out of super undercooled carbon near a sapphire interface, according to another …
FIG. 32 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing diamond microneedles 3202 forming from super undercooled carbon. In the example shown in
FIG. 33, the graph can indicate a sharp Raman diamond peak at1136c SVG 15230870.08-08-2016.IRMEKSEJRXEAPX5.SPEC.30.9.519.791.591.842.svg 0.17 0.24 Chemistry …
FIG. 34 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing diamond nanoneedles and microneedles growing from super undercooled carbon on a sapphire substrate with inset …
FIG. 35 is an image of an SEM micrograph after residual amorphous carbon is etched away, which shows that nanoscale perturbation sets in quenched super …
FIG. 36 is an image of an SEM micrograph after residual amorphous carbon is etched away, which shows formation of diamond nanoneedles and microneedles from …
FIG. 37 is an image of a SEM micrograph showing formation of nanoneedles and microneedles from super undercooled carbon phase after residual amorphous carbon …
FIG. 38 is a graph depicting an example of Raman spectra results from nanodiamond, microdiamond and large-area thin films without residual amorphous peaks. …
FIG. 39 is an image of a SEM micrograph showing microdiamonds and 30 Attorney Docket No. 29-10130(098192-1019612) nanodiamonds on a high density polyethylene …
FIG. 40 is a graph depicting an example of Raman spectra results before and after laser annealing an amorphous diamond-like carbon film. In some examples, the …
FIG. 43 is a graph showing Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy ("KPFM") on Q- carbon compared to a matrix of diamond and diamond-like carbon. In the example depicted …
FIG. 44 is a graph showing resistivity of amorphous carbon versus resistivity of Q-carbon as a function of temperature. In some examples, resistivity of …
FIG. 44 is a graph showing resistivity of amorphous carbon versus resistivity of Q-carbon as a function of temperature. In some examples, resistivity of …
FIG. 45, the Raman spectra results may indicate that Q-carbon can be stable against thermal heating. [0183] A diamond formed from Q-carbon may have various …
FIG. 48 is a graph depicting an example of Raman spectra results before laser annealing hBN and after laser annealing hBN. After laser annealing, only …
FIGS. 53 -66, the characterization of diamond phase was carried by using electron backscatter diffraction ("EBSD"), Raman spectroscopy (633nm source), and …
FIGS. 53 -66, the characterization of diamond phase was carried by using electron backscatter diffraction ("EBSD"), Raman spectroscopy (633nm source), and …
FIGS. 53 -66, the characterization of diamond phase was carried by using electron backscatter diffraction ("EBSD"), Raman spectroscopy (633nm source), and …
FIG. 54 is a high-resolution SEM micrograph of a mechanism of nanodiamond formation from Q-Carbon, according to one example. [096]
FIG. 55 is a high-resolution SEM micrograph of the formation of nanodiamonds during initial stages and EBSD pattern, showing characteristic diamond Kikuchi …
FIG. 56 is a high-resolution SEM of undoped diamond nanocrystallites with average size 2 0 nm and microcrystallites with an average size of 500 nm, according …
FIG. 57 is a high-resolution SEM micrograph of microdiamonds covering the entire area with inset showing twins whose density is controlled by quenching rates, …
FIGS. 59 and 60 show high-resolution SEM micrographs of nanodiamonds from N-doped samples. In some embodiments, after laser annealing of the as-deposited …
FIG. 60 is a high-resolution SEM micrograph of a mixture of nanodiamonds and nanoplates of diamond, according to one example. [0102]
FIG. 61 shows a top view of a SEM micrograph showing formation of microcrystals of N-doped diamond, according to one example. In this example,(microcrystals …
FIG. 62 is a top view of a SEM micrograph showing formation of N-doped nanoneedles and microneedles, according to one example. From EBSD patterns, these …
FIG. 63. The partial pressure of nitrogen was varied from 5. 0x10- 3Torr (for sample # 1) to 5. 0x10- 2Torr (for sample # 2) to 5. 0x10-' Torr (for sample # …
FIG. 64 shows a sharp diamond peak which is downshifted from 1332cm -' because of decreasing crystallite size. Considering phonon dispersion relations, the …
FIG. 64 shows a sharp diamond peak which is downshifted from 1332cm -' because of decreasing crystallite size. Considering phonon dispersion relations, the …
FIG. 65.In this example, there is an upshift due to stresses, which is combined with downshiftdue to size. The Raman shift in diamond (Aw) is related to Aw (in …
FIG. 66 shows that magnetically active NV-defects are characterized by optical zero phonon line (ZPL) at 1.945 eV (637nm), whereas NV 0 has ZPL at 2.156 eV …
FIG. 68, which shows Hall mobility as a function of T. This corresponds to conductivity of-25 Q/cm at 250 K, which, in some instances, may be reasonable. A fit …
FIG. 71 shows a Q-Carbon optical lock, according to one example. Q-carbon can provide durability under power laser light polarization rotation. This can allow …
Q-carbon stable up to 3330 K | 3330 K | C |
Q-carbon negative electron affinity higher than diamond by at least 7% | — | C |
Q-carbon ferromagnetic (undoped carbon) | — | C |
Temperature | ≥ 4000 K | — |
FIG. 2 is a top view of a scanning electron microscope ("SEM") micrograph showing a cellular structure of a Q-carbon filament. In some examples, the Q-carbon …
FIG. 4 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing growth of microdiamonds from a Q- carbon filament that contained nanodiamond nuclei (e.g., the Q-carbon …
FIG. 5 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing an area near the middle of an irradiated amorphous carbon that includes a high density of nanodiamonds and …
FIG. 6 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of nanodiamonds from a Q-carbon. In the example shown in
FIG. 7 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing an area near the middle of an irradiated amorphous carbon that includes mostly microdiamonds. In some …
FIG. 8 is a top view of a SEM micrograph showing a Q-carbon filament growing microdiamond through the growth of nanodiamonds. In some examples, a nanodiamond …
FIG. 9 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of nanodiamonds by homogeneous nucleation and on top of existing microdiamonds formed by …
FIG. 10 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of nanodiamonds by homogeneous nucleation between Q-carbon filaments. In the example shown in
FIG. 11 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing diamond nanodots and nanorods nucleating from Q-carbon. In some examples, a laser pulse can be applied to …
FIG. 12 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing microdiamonds forming when most of a Q-carbon filament is converted into diamond by second laser pulse. [048]
FIG. 13 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing a full conversion of amorphous Q-carbon into a string of microdiamonds. In the example shown in
FIG. 14 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing a triple point of a Q- carbon filament and the nucleation of diamond. In some examples, the triple point of …
FIG. 15 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing heterogeneous nucleation of nanodiamonds after a laser pulse is applied to the Q-carbon and diamond. In some …
FIG. 16 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of microdiamonds and some nanodiamonds after a laser pulse is applied to the Q-carbon filament. In …
FIG. 17 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing microdiamonds covering an entire region of a super undercooled carbon. In some examples, nanodiamonds may …
FIG. 18 is a top view of an SEM micrograph showing formation of a large-area single-crystal diamond thin film. In some examples, the large-area single- crystal …
FIG. 19 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing diamond growing on a copper substrate, where diamond is epitaxially aligned with copper and grows as single …
FIG. 20 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing the formation of a diamond faceted pillar 2002 from super undercooled carbon. [0150]
FIG. 21 is a graph 2100 depicting an example of Raman spectra results from Q- carbon on a sapphire substrate after a laser pulse, according to one example. In …
FIG. 22 is a graph 2200 depicting an example of Raman spectra results from microdiamond on sapphire substrate after a laser pulse, according to one example. In …
FIG. 23 is an image of an SEM micrograph image showing a cross-section transmission electron microscopy ("TEM") sample of Q-carbon containing nanodiamonds and …
FIG. 23 is an image of an SEM micrograph image showing a cross-section transmission electron microscopy ("TEM") sample of Q-carbon containing nanodiamonds and …
FIG. 24 is a high- resolution TEM ("HRTEM") image showing a diamond m icrocrystallite and the corresponding < 110 > electron diffraction pattern, according to …
FIG. 26 is a graph of an electron energy loss spectroscopy ("EELS") spectrum from diamond, according to one example. The EELS spectrum depicted in
FIG. 27 is a graph of an EELS spectrum from Q-carbon, according to one example. [063]
FIG. 29 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing formation of diamond nanoneedles and diamond microneedles from super undercooled carbon. In the example shown …
FIG. 30 is an image showing EBSD Kikuchi patterns from microdiamonds growing out of super undercooled carbon, according to one example. In some examples, a …
FIG. 31 is an image showing EBSD Kikuchi patterns from microdiamonds growing out of super undercooled carbon near a sapphire interface, according to another …
FIG. 32 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing diamond microneedles 3202 forming from super undercooled carbon. In the example shown in
FIG. 33, the graph can indicate a sharp Raman diamond peak at1136c SVG 15230870.08-08-2016.IRMEKSEJRXEAPX5.SPEC.30.9.519.791.591.842.svg 0.17 0.24 Chemistry …
FIG. 34 is an image of an SEM micrograph showing diamond nanoneedles and microneedles growing from super undercooled carbon on a sapphire substrate with inset …
FIG. 35 is an image of an SEM micrograph after residual amorphous carbon is etched away, which shows that nanoscale perturbation sets in quenched super …
FIG. 36 is an image of an SEM micrograph after residual amorphous carbon is etched away, which shows formation of diamond nanoneedles and microneedles from …
FIG. 37 is an image of a SEM micrograph showing formation of nanoneedles and microneedles from super undercooled carbon phase after residual amorphous carbon …
FIG. 38 is a graph depicting an example of Raman spectra results from nanodiamond, microdiamond and large-area thin films without residual amorphous peaks. …
FIG. 39 is an image of a SEM micrograph showing microdiamonds and 30 Attorney Docket No. 29-10130(098192-1019612) nanodiamonds on a high density polyethylene …
FIG. 40 is a graph depicting an example of Raman spectra results before and after laser annealing an amorphous diamond-like carbon film. In some examples, the …
FIG. 43 is a graph showing Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy ("KPFM") on Q- carbon compared to a matrix of diamond and diamond-like carbon. In the example depicted …
FIG. 44 is a graph showing resistivity of amorphous carbon versus resistivity of Q-carbon as a function of temperature. In some examples, resistivity of …
FIG. 44 is a graph showing resistivity of amorphous carbon versus resistivity of Q-carbon as a function of temperature. In some examples, resistivity of …
FIG. 45, the Raman spectra results may indicate that Q-carbon can be stable against thermal heating. [0183] A diamond formed from Q-carbon may have various …
FIG. 48 is a graph depicting an example of Raman spectra results before laser annealing hBN and after laser annealing hBN. After laser annealing, only …
FIGS. 53 -66, the characterization of diamond phase was carried by using electron backscatter diffraction ("EBSD"), Raman spectroscopy (633nm source), and …
FIGS. 53 -66, the characterization of diamond phase was carried by using electron backscatter diffraction ("EBSD"), Raman spectroscopy (633nm source), and …
FIGS. 53 -66, the characterization of diamond phase was carried by using electron backscatter diffraction ("EBSD"), Raman spectroscopy (633nm source), and …
FIG. 54 is a high-resolution SEM micrograph of a mechanism of nanodiamond formation from Q-Carbon, according to one example. [096]
FIG. 55 is a high-resolution SEM micrograph of the formation of nanodiamonds during initial stages and EBSD pattern, showing characteristic diamond Kikuchi …
FIG. 56 is a high-resolution SEM of undoped diamond nanocrystallites with average size 2 0 nm and microcrystallites with an average size of 500 nm, according …
FIG. 57 is a high-resolution SEM micrograph of microdiamonds covering the entire area with inset showing twins whose density is controlled by quenching rates, …
FIGS. 59 and 60 show high-resolution SEM micrographs of nanodiamonds from N-doped samples. In some embodiments, after laser annealing of the as-deposited …
FIG. 60 is a high-resolution SEM micrograph of a mixture of nanodiamonds and nanoplates of diamond, according to one example. [0102]
FIG. 61 shows a top view of a SEM micrograph showing formation of microcrystals of N-doped diamond, according to one example. In this example,(microcrystals …
FIG. 62 is a top view of a SEM micrograph showing formation of N-doped nanoneedles and microneedles, according to one example. From EBSD patterns, these …
FIG. 63. The partial pressure of nitrogen was varied from 5. 0x10- 3Torr (for sample # 1) to 5. 0x10- 2Torr (for sample # 2) to 5. 0x10-' Torr (for sample # …
FIG. 64 shows a sharp diamond peak which is downshifted from 1332cm -' because of decreasing crystallite size. Considering phonon dispersion relations, the …
FIG. 64 shows a sharp diamond peak which is downshifted from 1332cm -' because of decreasing crystallite size. Considering phonon dispersion relations, the …
FIG. 65.In this example, there is an upshift due to stresses, which is combined with downshiftdue to size. The Raman shift in diamond (Aw) is related to Aw (in …
FIG. 66 shows that magnetically active NV-defects are characterized by optical zero phonon line (ZPL) at 1.945 eV (637nm), whereas NV 0 has ZPL at 2.156 eV …
FIG. 68, which shows Hall mobility as a function of T. This corresponds to conductivity of-25 Q/cm at 250 K, which, in some instances, may be reasonable. A fit …
FIG. 71 shows a Q-Carbon optical lock, according to one example. Q-carbon can provide durability under power laser light polarization rotation. This can allow …
Q-carbon stable up to 3330 K | 3330 K | C |
Q-carbon negative electron affinity higher than diamond by at least 7% | — | C |
Q-carbon ferromagnetic (undoped carbon) | — | C |
Temperature | ≥ 4000 K | — |