Patent
US 9,802,206OF INVENTION: METHOD FOR PRODUCING GRAPHENE
Hidetoshi Kitaura
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,802,206Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the graphene producing method according to an embodiment. 25
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram representing the graphite pulverization system of the embodiment.
FIG. 3 shows an SPM image of a mixture of graphenes with different numbers of layers according to the graphene producing method of the embodiment. 30
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a dispersion in which the graphite powder produced by using the graphene producing method of the embodiment is …
FIG. 5A.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram explaining the principle. 5
FIG. 7.
FIG. 8B is a diagram representing the data taken in the 10 height analysis performed on line 2 of
FIG. 9 is a diagram representing the thickness and the distribution of graphenes in the analysis of randomly selected 100 samples of the single-layer graphene …
FIG. 10 is a diagram representing the thickness and the distribution of graphenes in the analysis of randomly selected 100 samples of the single-layer graphene …
FIG. 11 shows an SPM image of the conventional multilayer graphene oxide described in Patent Literature 1.
FIG. 12 is a diagram analyzing the thickness and the distribution of randomly selected 100 samples of the multilayer 25 graphene oxide obtained according to …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method for producing graphene, the method comprising: preparing a container that contains graphene, graphite, and a solvent; applying a magnetic field using magnet to [[the]]a dispersion solvent comprising graphene, graphite, and a solvent, in a container, to situate and locating the graphene and the graphite at different locations in the solvent in the dispersion from each other; and removing the graphene from the solvent separating the graphene from the dispersion comprising the graphite by removing the graphene with the solvent from the dispersion, wherein the graphene comprises single-layer graphene and multilayer graphene having in a range from two to 10 graphite layers, and the graphite is graphite having 11 or more graphite layers.
The method for producing graphene according to claim 1, wherein the applying the magnetic field further includes situating the graphene and the graphite at different locations in the solvent is performed by using [[the]] a difference in diamagnetism strengths [[of]]between the graphene and the graphite.
The method for producing graphene according to claim 1, wherein, by the applying the magnetic field removing, the graphene further includes situating is located the graphene in a region in the dispersion where the magnetic field is weak, and situating the graphite is located in a region in the dispersion where the magnetic field is strong.
The method for producing graphene according to claim 1, wherein the applying the magnetic field further includes is performed by applying the magnetic field from below underneath of the container and distributing to vertically 3 S/N 14/401,533 In response to Office Action iss u ed distribute the graphite and the graphene vertically in this order from a bottom to a top of the container.
The method for producing graphene according to claim 1, wherein removing the graphene further includes removing the graphene or the graphite by creating a correspondence between magnetic field strength and the location of the graphene or the graphite a location of the graphene to be removed with the solvent in the separating the graphene is determined by strength of the magnetic field applied in the applying the magnetic field and buoyant force of the graphene used therein.
The method for producing graphene according to claim 1, wherein the applying the magnetic field applied in the applying thereof further includes using has [[a]] magnetic force in a range of 0.05 tesla or more and less than 5 tesla.
The method for producing graphene according to claim 1, wherein the graphene and the graphite [[are]]have been produced by pulverizing primary g raphite.
The method for producing graphene according to claim 1, wherein in the applying of the magnetic field, the magnetic field is applied from underneath the container, and the graphene and the graphite are located at vertically different locations in the dispersion from each other.
6-7. canceled
canceled
A method for producing graphene, the method comprising: applying a magnetic field using magnet to a dispersion comprising: (i) a combination of single-layer graphene and multilayer graphene having in a range from two to 10 graphite layers; (ii) graphite having 11 or more graphite layers; and (iii) a solvent, in a container, and locating the single-layer graphene, the multilayer graphene, and the graphite at different locations in the dispersion from each other; and separating at least one material selected from the group consisting of the single- layer graphene and the multilayer graphene, from the dispersion comprising the graphite by removing the at least one material with the solvent from the dispersion.
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
5 materials3 process steps
Crystalline graphite (obtained by heat treatment of organic film in inert gas at ~2500°C, thermal conductivity 1200–1600 W/mK) was coarsely pulverized with a cutter mill, then finely pulverized with a jet mill (Turboplex ATP, Hosokawa Micron) under 0.58 MPa air pressure. Fine powder was classified at 20000 RPM airflow and collected. SPM analysis confirmed presence of single-layer graphene (0.3 nm thick), multilayer graphene (10.4 nm thick), and graphite (560 nm thick). 1 mg of the mixed powder was dispersed in 10 mL ethanol in a 13.5 mL container (inner diameter 20 mm) by ultrasonication at 100 W, 28 kHz for 5 min. The container was placed on a 1-tesla neodymium magnet (diameter 25 mm, thickness 5 mm) for 15 hours to separate graphene from graphite via diamagnetism differences.
Materials described outside the worked examples.
solvent
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 9 is a diagram representing the thickness and the distribution of graphenes in the analysis of randomly selected 100 samples of the single-layer graphene …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
single-layer graphene thickness (SPM) | 0.3 nm | C |
multilayer graphene thickness (SPM) |
Table 1
SVG 14401533.
p. 8
Table 2
SVG 14401533.
p. 8
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,802,206Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the graphene producing method according to an embodiment. 25
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram representing the graphite pulverization system of the embodiment.
FIG. 3 shows an SPM image of a mixture of graphenes with different numbers of layers according to the graphene producing method of the embodiment. 30
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a dispersion in which the graphite powder produced by using the graphene producing method of the embodiment is …
FIG. 5A.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram explaining the principle. 5
FIG. 7.
FIG. 8B is a diagram representing the data taken in the 10 height analysis performed on line 2 of
FIG. 9 is a diagram representing the thickness and the distribution of graphenes in the analysis of randomly selected 100 samples of the single-layer graphene …
FIG. 10 is a diagram representing the thickness and the distribution of graphenes in the analysis of randomly selected 100 samples of the single-layer graphene …
FIG. 11 shows an SPM image of the conventional multilayer graphene oxide described in Patent Literature 1.
FIG. 12 is a diagram analyzing the thickness and the distribution of randomly selected 100 samples of the multilayer 25 graphene oxide obtained according to …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method for producing graphene, the method comprising: preparing a container that contains graphene, graphite, and a solvent; applying a magnetic field using magnet to [[the]]a dispersion solvent comprising graphene, graphite, and a solvent, in a container, to situate and locating the graphene and the graphite at different locations in the solvent in the dispersion from each other; and removing the graphene from the solvent separating the graphene from the dispersion comprising the graphite by removing the graphene with the solvent from the dispersion, wherein the graphene comprises single-layer graphene and multilayer graphene having in a range from two to 10 graphite layers, and the graphite is graphite having 11 or more graphite layers.
The method for producing graphene according to claim 1, wherein the applying the magnetic field further includes situating the graphene and the graphite at different locations in the solvent is performed by using [[the]] a difference in diamagnetism strengths [[of]]between the graphene and the graphite.
The method for producing graphene according to claim 1, wherein, by the applying the magnetic field removing, the graphene further includes situating is located the graphene in a region in the dispersion where the magnetic field is weak, and situating the graphite is located in a region in the dispersion where the magnetic field is strong.
The method for producing graphene according to claim 1, wherein the applying the magnetic field further includes is performed by applying the magnetic field from below underneath of the container and distributing to vertically 3 S/N 14/401,533 In response to Office Action iss u ed distribute the graphite and the graphene vertically in this order from a bottom to a top of the container.
The method for producing graphene according to claim 1, wherein removing the graphene further includes removing the graphene or the graphite by creating a correspondence between magnetic field strength and the location of the graphene or the graphite a location of the graphene to be removed with the solvent in the separating the graphene is determined by strength of the magnetic field applied in the applying the magnetic field and buoyant force of the graphene used therein.
The method for producing graphene according to claim 1, wherein the applying the magnetic field applied in the applying thereof further includes using has [[a]] magnetic force in a range of 0.05 tesla or more and less than 5 tesla.
The method for producing graphene according to claim 1, wherein the graphene and the graphite [[are]]have been produced by pulverizing primary g raphite.
The method for producing graphene according to claim 1, wherein in the applying of the magnetic field, the magnetic field is applied from underneath the container, and the graphene and the graphite are located at vertically different locations in the dispersion from each other.
6-7. canceled
canceled
A method for producing graphene, the method comprising: applying a magnetic field using magnet to a dispersion comprising: (i) a combination of single-layer graphene and multilayer graphene having in a range from two to 10 graphite layers; (ii) graphite having 11 or more graphite layers; and (iii) a solvent, in a container, and locating the single-layer graphene, the multilayer graphene, and the graphite at different locations in the dispersion from each other; and separating at least one material selected from the group consisting of the single- layer graphene and the multilayer graphene, from the dispersion comprising the graphite by removing the at least one material with the solvent from the dispersion.
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
5 materials3 process steps
Crystalline graphite (obtained by heat treatment of organic film in inert gas at ~2500°C, thermal conductivity 1200–1600 W/mK) was coarsely pulverized with a cutter mill, then finely pulverized with a jet mill (Turboplex ATP, Hosokawa Micron) under 0.58 MPa air pressure. Fine powder was classified at 20000 RPM airflow and collected. SPM analysis confirmed presence of single-layer graphene (0.3 nm thick), multilayer graphene (10.4 nm thick), and graphite (560 nm thick). 1 mg of the mixed powder was dispersed in 10 mL ethanol in a 13.5 mL container (inner diameter 20 mm) by ultrasonication at 100 W, 28 kHz for 5 min. The container was placed on a 1-tesla neodymium magnet (diameter 25 mm, thickness 5 mm) for 15 hours to separate graphene from graphite via diamagnetism differences.
Materials described outside the worked examples.
solvent
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 9 is a diagram representing the thickness and the distribution of graphenes in the analysis of randomly selected 100 samples of the single-layer graphene …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
single-layer graphene thickness (SPM) | 0.3 nm | C |
multilayer graphene thickness (SPM) |
Table 1
SVG 14401533.
p. 8
Table 2
SVG 14401533.
p. 8
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,802,206Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the graphene producing method according to an embodiment. 25
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram representing the graphite pulverization system of the embodiment.
FIG. 3 shows an SPM image of a mixture of graphenes with different numbers of layers according to the graphene producing method of the embodiment. 30
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a dispersion in which the graphite powder produced by using the graphene producing method of the embodiment is …
FIG. 5A.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram explaining the principle. 5
FIG. 7.
FIG. 8B is a diagram representing the data taken in the 10 height analysis performed on line 2 of
FIG. 9 is a diagram representing the thickness and the distribution of graphenes in the analysis of randomly selected 100 samples of the single-layer graphene …
FIG. 10 is a diagram representing the thickness and the distribution of graphenes in the analysis of randomly selected 100 samples of the single-layer graphene …
FIG. 11 shows an SPM image of the conventional multilayer graphene oxide described in Patent Literature 1.
FIG. 12 is a diagram analyzing the thickness and the distribution of randomly selected 100 samples of the multilayer 25 graphene oxide obtained according to …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method for producing graphene, the method comprising: preparing a container that contains graphene, graphite, and a solvent; applying a magnetic field using magnet to [[the]]a dispersion solvent comprising graphene, graphite, and a solvent, in a container, to situate and locating the graphene and the graphite at different locations in the solvent in the dispersion from each other; and removing the graphene from the solvent separating the graphene from the dispersion comprising the graphite by removing the graphene with the solvent from the dispersion, wherein the graphene comprises single-layer graphene and multilayer graphene having in a range from two to 10 graphite layers, and the graphite is graphite having 11 or more graphite layers.
The method for producing graphene according to claim 1, wherein the applying the magnetic field further includes situating the graphene and the graphite at different locations in the solvent is performed by using [[the]] a difference in diamagnetism strengths [[of]]between the graphene and the graphite.
The method for producing graphene according to claim 1, wherein, by the applying the magnetic field removing, the graphene further includes situating is located the graphene in a region in the dispersion where the magnetic field is weak, and situating the graphite is located in a region in the dispersion where the magnetic field is strong.
The method for producing graphene according to claim 1, wherein the applying the magnetic field further includes is performed by applying the magnetic field from below underneath of the container and distributing to vertically 3 S/N 14/401,533 In response to Office Action iss u ed distribute the graphite and the graphene vertically in this order from a bottom to a top of the container.
The method for producing graphene according to claim 1, wherein removing the graphene further includes removing the graphene or the graphite by creating a correspondence between magnetic field strength and the location of the graphene or the graphite a location of the graphene to be removed with the solvent in the separating the graphene is determined by strength of the magnetic field applied in the applying the magnetic field and buoyant force of the graphene used therein.
The method for producing graphene according to claim 1, wherein the applying the magnetic field applied in the applying thereof further includes using has [[a]] magnetic force in a range of 0.05 tesla or more and less than 5 tesla.
The method for producing graphene according to claim 1, wherein the graphene and the graphite [[are]]have been produced by pulverizing primary g raphite.
The method for producing graphene according to claim 1, wherein in the applying of the magnetic field, the magnetic field is applied from underneath the container, and the graphene and the graphite are located at vertically different locations in the dispersion from each other.
6-7. canceled
canceled
A method for producing graphene, the method comprising: applying a magnetic field using magnet to a dispersion comprising: (i) a combination of single-layer graphene and multilayer graphene having in a range from two to 10 graphite layers; (ii) graphite having 11 or more graphite layers; and (iii) a solvent, in a container, and locating the single-layer graphene, the multilayer graphene, and the graphite at different locations in the dispersion from each other; and separating at least one material selected from the group consisting of the single- layer graphene and the multilayer graphene, from the dispersion comprising the graphite by removing the at least one material with the solvent from the dispersion.
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
5 materials3 process steps
Crystalline graphite (obtained by heat treatment of organic film in inert gas at ~2500°C, thermal conductivity 1200–1600 W/mK) was coarsely pulverized with a cutter mill, then finely pulverized with a jet mill (Turboplex ATP, Hosokawa Micron) under 0.58 MPa air pressure. Fine powder was classified at 20000 RPM airflow and collected. SPM analysis confirmed presence of single-layer graphene (0.3 nm thick), multilayer graphene (10.4 nm thick), and graphite (560 nm thick). 1 mg of the mixed powder was dispersed in 10 mL ethanol in a 13.5 mL container (inner diameter 20 mm) by ultrasonication at 100 W, 28 kHz for 5 min. The container was placed on a 1-tesla neodymium magnet (diameter 25 mm, thickness 5 mm) for 15 hours to separate graphene from graphite via diamagnetism differences.
Materials described outside the worked examples.
solvent
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 9 is a diagram representing the thickness and the distribution of graphenes in the analysis of randomly selected 100 samples of the single-layer graphene …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
single-layer graphene thickness (SPM) | 0.3 nm | C |
multilayer graphene thickness (SPM) |
Table 1
SVG 14401533.
p. 8
Table 2
SVG 14401533.
p. 8
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,802,206Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the graphene producing method according to an embodiment. 25
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram representing the graphite pulverization system of the embodiment.
FIG. 3 shows an SPM image of a mixture of graphenes with different numbers of layers according to the graphene producing method of the embodiment. 30
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a dispersion in which the graphite powder produced by using the graphene producing method of the embodiment is …
FIG. 5A.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram explaining the principle. 5
FIG. 7.
FIG. 8B is a diagram representing the data taken in the 10 height analysis performed on line 2 of
FIG. 9 is a diagram representing the thickness and the distribution of graphenes in the analysis of randomly selected 100 samples of the single-layer graphene …
FIG. 10 is a diagram representing the thickness and the distribution of graphenes in the analysis of randomly selected 100 samples of the single-layer graphene …
FIG. 11 shows an SPM image of the conventional multilayer graphene oxide described in Patent Literature 1.
FIG. 12 is a diagram analyzing the thickness and the distribution of randomly selected 100 samples of the multilayer 25 graphene oxide obtained according to …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method for producing graphene, the method comprising: preparing a container that contains graphene, graphite, and a solvent; applying a magnetic field using magnet to [[the]]a dispersion solvent comprising graphene, graphite, and a solvent, in a container, to situate and locating the graphene and the graphite at different locations in the solvent in the dispersion from each other; and removing the graphene from the solvent separating the graphene from the dispersion comprising the graphite by removing the graphene with the solvent from the dispersion, wherein the graphene comprises single-layer graphene and multilayer graphene having in a range from two to 10 graphite layers, and the graphite is graphite having 11 or more graphite layers.
The method for producing graphene according to claim 1, wherein the applying the magnetic field further includes situating the graphene and the graphite at different locations in the solvent is performed by using [[the]] a difference in diamagnetism strengths [[of]]between the graphene and the graphite.
The method for producing graphene according to claim 1, wherein, by the applying the magnetic field removing, the graphene further includes situating is located the graphene in a region in the dispersion where the magnetic field is weak, and situating the graphite is located in a region in the dispersion where the magnetic field is strong.
The method for producing graphene according to claim 1, wherein the applying the magnetic field further includes is performed by applying the magnetic field from below underneath of the container and distributing to vertically 3 S/N 14/401,533 In response to Office Action iss u ed distribute the graphite and the graphene vertically in this order from a bottom to a top of the container.
The method for producing graphene according to claim 1, wherein removing the graphene further includes removing the graphene or the graphite by creating a correspondence between magnetic field strength and the location of the graphene or the graphite a location of the graphene to be removed with the solvent in the separating the graphene is determined by strength of the magnetic field applied in the applying the magnetic field and buoyant force of the graphene used therein.
The method for producing graphene according to claim 1, wherein the applying the magnetic field applied in the applying thereof further includes using has [[a]] magnetic force in a range of 0.05 tesla or more and less than 5 tesla.
The method for producing graphene according to claim 1, wherein the graphene and the graphite [[are]]have been produced by pulverizing primary g raphite.
The method for producing graphene according to claim 1, wherein in the applying of the magnetic field, the magnetic field is applied from underneath the container, and the graphene and the graphite are located at vertically different locations in the dispersion from each other.
6-7. canceled
canceled
A method for producing graphene, the method comprising: applying a magnetic field using magnet to a dispersion comprising: (i) a combination of single-layer graphene and multilayer graphene having in a range from two to 10 graphite layers; (ii) graphite having 11 or more graphite layers; and (iii) a solvent, in a container, and locating the single-layer graphene, the multilayer graphene, and the graphite at different locations in the dispersion from each other; and separating at least one material selected from the group consisting of the single- layer graphene and the multilayer graphene, from the dispersion comprising the graphite by removing the at least one material with the solvent from the dispersion.
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
5 materials3 process steps
Crystalline graphite (obtained by heat treatment of organic film in inert gas at ~2500°C, thermal conductivity 1200–1600 W/mK) was coarsely pulverized with a cutter mill, then finely pulverized with a jet mill (Turboplex ATP, Hosokawa Micron) under 0.58 MPa air pressure. Fine powder was classified at 20000 RPM airflow and collected. SPM analysis confirmed presence of single-layer graphene (0.3 nm thick), multilayer graphene (10.4 nm thick), and graphite (560 nm thick). 1 mg of the mixed powder was dispersed in 10 mL ethanol in a 13.5 mL container (inner diameter 20 mm) by ultrasonication at 100 W, 28 kHz for 5 min. The container was placed on a 1-tesla neodymium magnet (diameter 25 mm, thickness 5 mm) for 15 hours to separate graphene from graphite via diamagnetism differences.
Materials described outside the worked examples.
solvent
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 9 is a diagram representing the thickness and the distribution of graphenes in the analysis of randomly selected 100 samples of the single-layer graphene …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
single-layer graphene thickness (SPM) | 0.3 nm | C |
multilayer graphene thickness (SPM) |
Table 1
SVG 14401533.
p. 8
Table 2
SVG 14401533.
p. 8
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
FIG. 10 is a diagram representing the thickness and the distribution of graphenes in the analysis of randomly selected 100 samples of the single-layer graphene …
FIG. 12 is a diagram analyzing the thickness and the distribution of randomly selected 100 samples of the multilayer 25 graphene oxide obtained according to …
| 10.4 nm |
C |
graphite particle thickness (SPM) | 560 nm | C |
crystalline graphite thermal conductivity | 1200–1600 W/mK | C |
high crystallinity graphite XRD (002) peak half bandwidth ≤ 0.10° | ≤ 0.1 degrees | C |
claimed magnetic field range for separation (claim 8) | 0.05–5 tesla | — |
— | 25–1600 W | — |
— | ≤ 1 W | — |
FIG. 10 is a diagram representing the thickness and the distribution of graphenes in the analysis of randomly selected 100 samples of the single-layer graphene …
FIG. 12 is a diagram analyzing the thickness and the distribution of randomly selected 100 samples of the multilayer 25 graphene oxide obtained according to …
| 10.4 nm |
C |
graphite particle thickness (SPM) | 560 nm | C |
crystalline graphite thermal conductivity | 1200–1600 W/mK | C |
high crystallinity graphite XRD (002) peak half bandwidth ≤ 0.10° | ≤ 0.1 degrees | C |
claimed magnetic field range for separation (claim 8) | 0.05–5 tesla | — |
— | 25–1600 W | — |
— | ≤ 1 W | — |
FIG. 10 is a diagram representing the thickness and the distribution of graphenes in the analysis of randomly selected 100 samples of the single-layer graphene …
FIG. 12 is a diagram analyzing the thickness and the distribution of randomly selected 100 samples of the multilayer 25 graphene oxide obtained according to …
| 10.4 nm |
C |
graphite particle thickness (SPM) | 560 nm | C |
crystalline graphite thermal conductivity | 1200–1600 W/mK | C |
high crystallinity graphite XRD (002) peak half bandwidth ≤ 0.10° | ≤ 0.1 degrees | C |
claimed magnetic field range for separation (claim 8) | 0.05–5 tesla | — |
— | 25–1600 W | — |
— | ≤ 1 W | — |
FIG. 10 is a diagram representing the thickness and the distribution of graphenes in the analysis of randomly selected 100 samples of the single-layer graphene …
FIG. 12 is a diagram analyzing the thickness and the distribution of randomly selected 100 samples of the multilayer 25 graphene oxide obtained according to …
| 10.4 nm |
C |
graphite particle thickness (SPM) | 560 nm | C |
crystalline graphite thermal conductivity | 1200–1600 W/mK | C |
high crystallinity graphite XRD (002) peak half bandwidth ≤ 0.10° | ≤ 0.1 degrees | C |
claimed magnetic field range for separation (claim 8) | 0.05–5 tesla | — |
— | 25–1600 W | — |
— | ≤ 1 W | — |