Patent
US 10,982,119METHODS FOR CONDUCTIVE ADHESIVES BASED ON GRAPHENE AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF
Maher F. El-Kady
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,982,119Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 displays an exemplary illustration of the structure of a conductive dispersion, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0143]
FIG. 2 displays an exemplary image of the conductive carbon-based glue, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0144]
FIG. 3 displays an exemplary image of a first packaging of the conductive carbon-based glue, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0145]
FIG. 4 displays an exemplary image of a second packaging of the conductive [0146] carbon-based glue, according to one or more embodiments described herein; …
FIG. 5 displays an exemplary image of an electronic circuit comprising a battery powering different light-emitting diodes (LEDs) through wires formed by the …
FIG. 6 displays an exemplary image of an electronic circuit wherein a battery simultaneously powers three different LEDs through wires formed by the conductive …
FIG. 7 displays an exemplary image of bonding an electronic component to a circuit board using the conductive carbon-based glue, according to one or more …
FIG. 8B displays an exemplary image of a folded film comprising the conductive carbon- based glue deposited on a flexible substrate, according to one or more …
FIG. 9 displays an exemplary image of an exemplary apparatus for testing the electrical properties of the conductive carbon-based glue. [0153]
FIG. 10 displays a graph of the voltage-current curve of an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue, according to one or more embodiments described herein; …
FIG. 11 displays a graph of the voltage-current curves of different exemplary conductive glue films made with different amounts of conductive additives, according …
FIG. 12 displays an image of contact pads applied on an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0156]
FIG. 13B displays a graph of the sheet resistance of an exemplary second conductive carbon-based glue. [0158]
FIG. 14A displays a bar graph of the sheet resistance of exemplary conductive glues, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0160]
FIG. 15 A displays an image of an exemplary apparatus for testing the electrical properties of a film comprising an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue under …
FIG. 16A displays an illustration of an exemplary apparatus for testing the electrical properties of an unbent film comprising a conductive carbon-based glue, …
FIG. 17B displays an exemplary graph showing the relationship between the convex bending distance and the resistance change for an exemplary film comprising a …
FIG. 18B displays an exemplary graph showing the relationship between the concave bending distance and the resistance change for an exemplary film comprising a …
FIG. 19A displays an exemplary graph showing the relationship between the twisting angle and the resistance change for an exemplary conductive carbon-based …
FIG. 20 displays images of an exemplary film comprising a conductive carbon-based glue at different twist angles, according to one or more embodiments described …
FIG. 21 displays images of the preparation of an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue sample for tensile strength testing. [0174]
FIG. 22C displays an image of the adhered joint of a prepared tensile strength testing sample of an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue. [0177]
FIG. 23B displays a second image of the preparation of an exemplary conductive carbon- based glue sample for shear strength testing. [0179]
FIG. 24B displays an image of the adhered joint of a prepared shear strength testing sample of an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue. [0181]
FIG. 25B displays a second image of the preparation of an exemplary glue tensile strength testing sample without conductive graphene, according to one or more …
FIG. 26 displays an image of the prepared tensile and shear stress samples of an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue and an exemplary glue without …
FIG. 27 displays a first image of the tensile and sheer stress testing apparatus, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0185]
FIG. 28 displays a second image of the tensile and sheer stress testing apparatus, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0186]
FIG. 29 displays a graph showing the relationship between temperature and cure time of an epoxy as it changes from a liquid state to a gel state and to a solid …
FIG. 30 displays a flowchart of an exemplary method for preparing a conductive carbon-based epoxy, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0188]
FIG. 31 displays an illustration of the composition of an exemplary resin, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0189]
FIG. 32 displays an illustration of the composition of an exemplary hardener, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0190]
FIG. 33B displays an image of an exemplary dispensing and mixing packaging of a two-part conductive carbon-based epoxy comprising a resin and a hardener, …
FIG. 34 displays another image of an exemplary dispensing and mixing packaging of a two-part conductive carbon-based epoxy comprising a resin and a hardener, …
FIG. 35 displays an exemplary image of a substrate coated in an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according to one or more embodiments described herein; …
FIG. 36B displays a second image of an exemplary apparatus for forming a conductive carbon-based epoxy, according to one or more embodiments described herein; …
FIG. 37B displays an image of a closed circuit comprising a battery, three LEDs, wires, and a film comprising an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, …
FIG. 38 displays an image of an apparatus for testing the electrical properties of an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according to one or more …
FIG. 39 displays a current-voltage graph of an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0201]
FIG. 40B displays a bar graph of the sheet resistance of two conductive graphene epoxies with different amounts of carbon additives, according to one or more …
FIG. 41A displays a graph showing the relationship between the twist angle and the resistance change for an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according …
FIG. 42A displays an image of a testing apparatus for determining the resistance change of an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy with no tensile strain, …
FIG. 43 displays a graph representing the relationship between tensile strain and resistance change for an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according …
FIG. 44B displays a graph showing the relationship between the convex bending distance and the resistance change for a film comprising an exemplary conductive …
FIG. 45B displays an exemplary graph showing the relationship between the concave bending distance and the resistance change for a film comprising an exemplary …
FIG. 46 shows an image of an exemplary conductive ink, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0213]
FIG. 47 displays an illustration of silver nanostructures and microstructures below percolation, with a percolation threshold of 15 %, and with a percolation …
FIG. 48 displays transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of exemplary silver nanowires and nanoparticles, according to one or more embodiments described …
FIG. 49 displays TEM images of exemplary long silver nanowires and nanoparticles, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0216]
FIG. 50B displays a second TEM image of exemplary silver nanowires, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0218]
FIG. 51B displays a second image of an exemplary apparatus for forming silver nanowires, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0220]
FIG. 52B displays an image of an exemplary silver dispersions formed within the solvothermal chamber by the methods according to the present disclosure; [0225]
FIG. 53 displays optical microscope images of an exemplary film comprising gas and silver produced within the solvothermal chamber by the methods according to …
FIG. 54 displays TEM images of exemplary silver nanowires and nanoparticles formed with a binder; [0227]
FIG. 55 displays images of silver dispersions formed with and without a binder; [0228]
FIG. 56 displays images of exemplary stable and non-stable silver dispersions, whereby the silver dispersion on the left remains stable after one week, while …
FIG. 57 displays an image of an exemplary conductive ink, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0230]
FIG. 58 displays a chart comparing the exemplary inks of the current disclosure against currently available conductive inks, according to one or more …
FIG. 59A displays exemplary image of bonding an electronic component to a circuit board using a conductive ink, according to one or more embodiments described …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A conductive adhesive comprising: (a) a conductive additive comprising: (i) a carbon-based additive comprising two or more of graphene nanoparticles, graphene nanosheets, and graphene microparticles; and (ii) [[a]] silver-based nanoplatelets; and (b) an adhesive agent. Currently amended
The conductive adhesive of claim 1, having a percolation threshold when dried of at most about 15%. Original
The conductive adhesive of claim 1, wherein the adhesive agent comprises a hardener and a resin. Original
The conductive adhesive of claim 1, further comprising a thinner. Original
The conductive adhesive of claim 1, having a sheet resistance of about 5 ohm/sq to about 500 ohm/sq when dried. Original
The conductive adhesive of claim 1, having a sheet resistivity of about 0.3 ohm/sq/mil to about 2 ohm/sq/mil when dried. Original
The conductive adhesive of claim 1, having a conductivity of about 0.15 S/m to about 60 S/m when dried. Original
The conductive adhesive of claim 1, further comprising a pigment, a colorant, a dye, or any combination thereof. Currently amended
The conductive adhesive of claim 1, wherein nanorods, silver nanoflowers, silver nanofibers, bipyramids, or any combination thereof. New
. Canceled
A conductive ink comprising: (a) a conductive additive comprising: (i) a carbon-based additive comprising graphene nanosheets[[,]] and graphene oxide nanosheets; and (ii) a silver-based additive comprising silver nanowires[[,]] and silver nanoparticles; and (b) a solvent. Currently amended
The conductive ink of claim 11, having a percolation threshold when dried of at most about 15%. Original
The conductive ink of claim 11, wherein [[the]] a proportion by weight of the conductive additive in the conductive ink is 0.25% to about 20%. Currently amended
The conductive ink of claim 11, having a viscosity of at most about 40 centipoise. Original
The conductive ink of claim 11, having a sheet resistance when dried of less than 0.8 ohm/sq/mil. Original
The conductive ink of claim 11, having a conductivity of greater than 10 S/cm when dried. Original
The conductive ink of claim 11, further comprising at least one of a binder, a surfactant, and a defoamer. Original
The conductive ink of claim 11, further comprising a pigment, -a colorant, a dye, or any combination thereof. Currently amended
The conductive ink of claim 11, wherein the nanorods, silver nanoflowers, silver nanofibers, bipyramids, or any combination thereof. New a silver-based additive further comprises silver silver nanoribbons, silver nanocubes, silver silver-based additive further comprises silver silver nanoribbons, silver nanocubes, silver
. Canceled
A method of forming silver nanowires comprising: (a) heating a solvent; (b) adding a catalyst solution and a polymer solution to the solvent to form a first solution; (c) injecting a silver-based solution into the first solution to form a second solution; (d) centrifuging the second solution; and (e) washing the second solution with a washing solution to extract the silver nanowires. Withdrawn
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
conductive adhesive
conductive ink
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene nanoparticles
graphene nanosheets
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 9 displays an exemplary image of an exemplary apparatus for testing the electrical properties of the conductive carbon-based glue. [0153]
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
sheet resistance of conductive adhesive when dried (claimed range) | 5–500 ohm/sq | — |
sheet resistivity of conductive adhesive when dried (claimed range) | 0.3–2 ohm/sq/mil | — |
conductivity of conductive adhesive when dried (claimed range) |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
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US 10,982,119Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 displays an exemplary illustration of the structure of a conductive dispersion, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0143]
FIG. 2 displays an exemplary image of the conductive carbon-based glue, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0144]
FIG. 3 displays an exemplary image of a first packaging of the conductive carbon-based glue, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0145]
FIG. 4 displays an exemplary image of a second packaging of the conductive [0146] carbon-based glue, according to one or more embodiments described herein; …
FIG. 5 displays an exemplary image of an electronic circuit comprising a battery powering different light-emitting diodes (LEDs) through wires formed by the …
FIG. 6 displays an exemplary image of an electronic circuit wherein a battery simultaneously powers three different LEDs through wires formed by the conductive …
FIG. 7 displays an exemplary image of bonding an electronic component to a circuit board using the conductive carbon-based glue, according to one or more …
FIG. 8B displays an exemplary image of a folded film comprising the conductive carbon- based glue deposited on a flexible substrate, according to one or more …
FIG. 9 displays an exemplary image of an exemplary apparatus for testing the electrical properties of the conductive carbon-based glue. [0153]
FIG. 10 displays a graph of the voltage-current curve of an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue, according to one or more embodiments described herein; …
FIG. 11 displays a graph of the voltage-current curves of different exemplary conductive glue films made with different amounts of conductive additives, according …
FIG. 12 displays an image of contact pads applied on an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0156]
FIG. 13B displays a graph of the sheet resistance of an exemplary second conductive carbon-based glue. [0158]
FIG. 14A displays a bar graph of the sheet resistance of exemplary conductive glues, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0160]
FIG. 15 A displays an image of an exemplary apparatus for testing the electrical properties of a film comprising an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue under …
FIG. 16A displays an illustration of an exemplary apparatus for testing the electrical properties of an unbent film comprising a conductive carbon-based glue, …
FIG. 17B displays an exemplary graph showing the relationship between the convex bending distance and the resistance change for an exemplary film comprising a …
FIG. 18B displays an exemplary graph showing the relationship between the concave bending distance and the resistance change for an exemplary film comprising a …
FIG. 19A displays an exemplary graph showing the relationship between the twisting angle and the resistance change for an exemplary conductive carbon-based …
FIG. 20 displays images of an exemplary film comprising a conductive carbon-based glue at different twist angles, according to one or more embodiments described …
FIG. 21 displays images of the preparation of an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue sample for tensile strength testing. [0174]
FIG. 22C displays an image of the adhered joint of a prepared tensile strength testing sample of an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue. [0177]
FIG. 23B displays a second image of the preparation of an exemplary conductive carbon- based glue sample for shear strength testing. [0179]
FIG. 24B displays an image of the adhered joint of a prepared shear strength testing sample of an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue. [0181]
FIG. 25B displays a second image of the preparation of an exemplary glue tensile strength testing sample without conductive graphene, according to one or more …
FIG. 26 displays an image of the prepared tensile and shear stress samples of an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue and an exemplary glue without …
FIG. 27 displays a first image of the tensile and sheer stress testing apparatus, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0185]
FIG. 28 displays a second image of the tensile and sheer stress testing apparatus, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0186]
FIG. 29 displays a graph showing the relationship between temperature and cure time of an epoxy as it changes from a liquid state to a gel state and to a solid …
FIG. 30 displays a flowchart of an exemplary method for preparing a conductive carbon-based epoxy, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0188]
FIG. 31 displays an illustration of the composition of an exemplary resin, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0189]
FIG. 32 displays an illustration of the composition of an exemplary hardener, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0190]
FIG. 33B displays an image of an exemplary dispensing and mixing packaging of a two-part conductive carbon-based epoxy comprising a resin and a hardener, …
FIG. 34 displays another image of an exemplary dispensing and mixing packaging of a two-part conductive carbon-based epoxy comprising a resin and a hardener, …
FIG. 35 displays an exemplary image of a substrate coated in an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according to one or more embodiments described herein; …
FIG. 36B displays a second image of an exemplary apparatus for forming a conductive carbon-based epoxy, according to one or more embodiments described herein; …
FIG. 37B displays an image of a closed circuit comprising a battery, three LEDs, wires, and a film comprising an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, …
FIG. 38 displays an image of an apparatus for testing the electrical properties of an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according to one or more …
FIG. 39 displays a current-voltage graph of an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0201]
FIG. 40B displays a bar graph of the sheet resistance of two conductive graphene epoxies with different amounts of carbon additives, according to one or more …
FIG. 41A displays a graph showing the relationship between the twist angle and the resistance change for an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according …
FIG. 42A displays an image of a testing apparatus for determining the resistance change of an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy with no tensile strain, …
FIG. 43 displays a graph representing the relationship between tensile strain and resistance change for an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according …
FIG. 44B displays a graph showing the relationship between the convex bending distance and the resistance change for a film comprising an exemplary conductive …
FIG. 45B displays an exemplary graph showing the relationship between the concave bending distance and the resistance change for a film comprising an exemplary …
FIG. 46 shows an image of an exemplary conductive ink, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0213]
FIG. 47 displays an illustration of silver nanostructures and microstructures below percolation, with a percolation threshold of 15 %, and with a percolation …
FIG. 48 displays transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of exemplary silver nanowires and nanoparticles, according to one or more embodiments described …
FIG. 49 displays TEM images of exemplary long silver nanowires and nanoparticles, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0216]
FIG. 50B displays a second TEM image of exemplary silver nanowires, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0218]
FIG. 51B displays a second image of an exemplary apparatus for forming silver nanowires, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0220]
FIG. 52B displays an image of an exemplary silver dispersions formed within the solvothermal chamber by the methods according to the present disclosure; [0225]
FIG. 53 displays optical microscope images of an exemplary film comprising gas and silver produced within the solvothermal chamber by the methods according to …
FIG. 54 displays TEM images of exemplary silver nanowires and nanoparticles formed with a binder; [0227]
FIG. 55 displays images of silver dispersions formed with and without a binder; [0228]
FIG. 56 displays images of exemplary stable and non-stable silver dispersions, whereby the silver dispersion on the left remains stable after one week, while …
FIG. 57 displays an image of an exemplary conductive ink, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0230]
FIG. 58 displays a chart comparing the exemplary inks of the current disclosure against currently available conductive inks, according to one or more …
FIG. 59A displays exemplary image of bonding an electronic component to a circuit board using a conductive ink, according to one or more embodiments described …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A conductive adhesive comprising: (a) a conductive additive comprising: (i) a carbon-based additive comprising two or more of graphene nanoparticles, graphene nanosheets, and graphene microparticles; and (ii) [[a]] silver-based nanoplatelets; and (b) an adhesive agent. Currently amended
The conductive adhesive of claim 1, having a percolation threshold when dried of at most about 15%. Original
The conductive adhesive of claim 1, wherein the adhesive agent comprises a hardener and a resin. Original
The conductive adhesive of claim 1, further comprising a thinner. Original
The conductive adhesive of claim 1, having a sheet resistance of about 5 ohm/sq to about 500 ohm/sq when dried. Original
The conductive adhesive of claim 1, having a sheet resistivity of about 0.3 ohm/sq/mil to about 2 ohm/sq/mil when dried. Original
The conductive adhesive of claim 1, having a conductivity of about 0.15 S/m to about 60 S/m when dried. Original
The conductive adhesive of claim 1, further comprising a pigment, a colorant, a dye, or any combination thereof. Currently amended
The conductive adhesive of claim 1, wherein nanorods, silver nanoflowers, silver nanofibers, bipyramids, or any combination thereof. New
. Canceled
A conductive ink comprising: (a) a conductive additive comprising: (i) a carbon-based additive comprising graphene nanosheets[[,]] and graphene oxide nanosheets; and (ii) a silver-based additive comprising silver nanowires[[,]] and silver nanoparticles; and (b) a solvent. Currently amended
The conductive ink of claim 11, having a percolation threshold when dried of at most about 15%. Original
The conductive ink of claim 11, wherein [[the]] a proportion by weight of the conductive additive in the conductive ink is 0.25% to about 20%. Currently amended
The conductive ink of claim 11, having a viscosity of at most about 40 centipoise. Original
The conductive ink of claim 11, having a sheet resistance when dried of less than 0.8 ohm/sq/mil. Original
The conductive ink of claim 11, having a conductivity of greater than 10 S/cm when dried. Original
The conductive ink of claim 11, further comprising at least one of a binder, a surfactant, and a defoamer. Original
The conductive ink of claim 11, further comprising a pigment, -a colorant, a dye, or any combination thereof. Currently amended
The conductive ink of claim 11, wherein the nanorods, silver nanoflowers, silver nanofibers, bipyramids, or any combination thereof. New a silver-based additive further comprises silver silver nanoribbons, silver nanocubes, silver silver-based additive further comprises silver silver nanoribbons, silver nanocubes, silver
. Canceled
A method of forming silver nanowires comprising: (a) heating a solvent; (b) adding a catalyst solution and a polymer solution to the solvent to form a first solution; (c) injecting a silver-based solution into the first solution to form a second solution; (d) centrifuging the second solution; and (e) washing the second solution with a washing solution to extract the silver nanowires. Withdrawn
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
conductive adhesive
conductive ink
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene nanoparticles
graphene nanosheets
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 9 displays an exemplary image of an exemplary apparatus for testing the electrical properties of the conductive carbon-based glue. [0153]
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
sheet resistance of conductive adhesive when dried (claimed range) | 5–500 ohm/sq | — |
sheet resistivity of conductive adhesive when dried (claimed range) | 0.3–2 ohm/sq/mil | — |
conductivity of conductive adhesive when dried (claimed range) |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,982,119Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 displays an exemplary illustration of the structure of a conductive dispersion, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0143]
FIG. 2 displays an exemplary image of the conductive carbon-based glue, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0144]
FIG. 3 displays an exemplary image of a first packaging of the conductive carbon-based glue, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0145]
FIG. 4 displays an exemplary image of a second packaging of the conductive [0146] carbon-based glue, according to one or more embodiments described herein; …
FIG. 5 displays an exemplary image of an electronic circuit comprising a battery powering different light-emitting diodes (LEDs) through wires formed by the …
FIG. 6 displays an exemplary image of an electronic circuit wherein a battery simultaneously powers three different LEDs through wires formed by the conductive …
FIG. 7 displays an exemplary image of bonding an electronic component to a circuit board using the conductive carbon-based glue, according to one or more …
FIG. 8B displays an exemplary image of a folded film comprising the conductive carbon- based glue deposited on a flexible substrate, according to one or more …
FIG. 9 displays an exemplary image of an exemplary apparatus for testing the electrical properties of the conductive carbon-based glue. [0153]
FIG. 10 displays a graph of the voltage-current curve of an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue, according to one or more embodiments described herein; …
FIG. 11 displays a graph of the voltage-current curves of different exemplary conductive glue films made with different amounts of conductive additives, according …
FIG. 12 displays an image of contact pads applied on an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0156]
FIG. 13B displays a graph of the sheet resistance of an exemplary second conductive carbon-based glue. [0158]
FIG. 14A displays a bar graph of the sheet resistance of exemplary conductive glues, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0160]
FIG. 15 A displays an image of an exemplary apparatus for testing the electrical properties of a film comprising an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue under …
FIG. 16A displays an illustration of an exemplary apparatus for testing the electrical properties of an unbent film comprising a conductive carbon-based glue, …
FIG. 17B displays an exemplary graph showing the relationship between the convex bending distance and the resistance change for an exemplary film comprising a …
FIG. 18B displays an exemplary graph showing the relationship between the concave bending distance and the resistance change for an exemplary film comprising a …
FIG. 19A displays an exemplary graph showing the relationship between the twisting angle and the resistance change for an exemplary conductive carbon-based …
FIG. 20 displays images of an exemplary film comprising a conductive carbon-based glue at different twist angles, according to one or more embodiments described …
FIG. 21 displays images of the preparation of an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue sample for tensile strength testing. [0174]
FIG. 22C displays an image of the adhered joint of a prepared tensile strength testing sample of an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue. [0177]
FIG. 23B displays a second image of the preparation of an exemplary conductive carbon- based glue sample for shear strength testing. [0179]
FIG. 24B displays an image of the adhered joint of a prepared shear strength testing sample of an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue. [0181]
FIG. 25B displays a second image of the preparation of an exemplary glue tensile strength testing sample without conductive graphene, according to one or more …
FIG. 26 displays an image of the prepared tensile and shear stress samples of an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue and an exemplary glue without …
FIG. 27 displays a first image of the tensile and sheer stress testing apparatus, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0185]
FIG. 28 displays a second image of the tensile and sheer stress testing apparatus, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0186]
FIG. 29 displays a graph showing the relationship between temperature and cure time of an epoxy as it changes from a liquid state to a gel state and to a solid …
FIG. 30 displays a flowchart of an exemplary method for preparing a conductive carbon-based epoxy, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0188]
FIG. 31 displays an illustration of the composition of an exemplary resin, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0189]
FIG. 32 displays an illustration of the composition of an exemplary hardener, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0190]
FIG. 33B displays an image of an exemplary dispensing and mixing packaging of a two-part conductive carbon-based epoxy comprising a resin and a hardener, …
FIG. 34 displays another image of an exemplary dispensing and mixing packaging of a two-part conductive carbon-based epoxy comprising a resin and a hardener, …
FIG. 35 displays an exemplary image of a substrate coated in an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according to one or more embodiments described herein; …
FIG. 36B displays a second image of an exemplary apparatus for forming a conductive carbon-based epoxy, according to one or more embodiments described herein; …
FIG. 37B displays an image of a closed circuit comprising a battery, three LEDs, wires, and a film comprising an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, …
FIG. 38 displays an image of an apparatus for testing the electrical properties of an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according to one or more …
FIG. 39 displays a current-voltage graph of an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0201]
FIG. 40B displays a bar graph of the sheet resistance of two conductive graphene epoxies with different amounts of carbon additives, according to one or more …
FIG. 41A displays a graph showing the relationship between the twist angle and the resistance change for an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according …
FIG. 42A displays an image of a testing apparatus for determining the resistance change of an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy with no tensile strain, …
FIG. 43 displays a graph representing the relationship between tensile strain and resistance change for an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according …
FIG. 44B displays a graph showing the relationship between the convex bending distance and the resistance change for a film comprising an exemplary conductive …
FIG. 45B displays an exemplary graph showing the relationship between the concave bending distance and the resistance change for a film comprising an exemplary …
FIG. 46 shows an image of an exemplary conductive ink, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0213]
FIG. 47 displays an illustration of silver nanostructures and microstructures below percolation, with a percolation threshold of 15 %, and with a percolation …
FIG. 48 displays transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of exemplary silver nanowires and nanoparticles, according to one or more embodiments described …
FIG. 49 displays TEM images of exemplary long silver nanowires and nanoparticles, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0216]
FIG. 50B displays a second TEM image of exemplary silver nanowires, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0218]
FIG. 51B displays a second image of an exemplary apparatus for forming silver nanowires, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0220]
FIG. 52B displays an image of an exemplary silver dispersions formed within the solvothermal chamber by the methods according to the present disclosure; [0225]
FIG. 53 displays optical microscope images of an exemplary film comprising gas and silver produced within the solvothermal chamber by the methods according to …
FIG. 54 displays TEM images of exemplary silver nanowires and nanoparticles formed with a binder; [0227]
FIG. 55 displays images of silver dispersions formed with and without a binder; [0228]
FIG. 56 displays images of exemplary stable and non-stable silver dispersions, whereby the silver dispersion on the left remains stable after one week, while …
FIG. 57 displays an image of an exemplary conductive ink, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0230]
FIG. 58 displays a chart comparing the exemplary inks of the current disclosure against currently available conductive inks, according to one or more …
FIG. 59A displays exemplary image of bonding an electronic component to a circuit board using a conductive ink, according to one or more embodiments described …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A conductive adhesive comprising: (a) a conductive additive comprising: (i) a carbon-based additive comprising two or more of graphene nanoparticles, graphene nanosheets, and graphene microparticles; and (ii) [[a]] silver-based nanoplatelets; and (b) an adhesive agent. Currently amended
The conductive adhesive of claim 1, having a percolation threshold when dried of at most about 15%. Original
The conductive adhesive of claim 1, wherein the adhesive agent comprises a hardener and a resin. Original
The conductive adhesive of claim 1, further comprising a thinner. Original
The conductive adhesive of claim 1, having a sheet resistance of about 5 ohm/sq to about 500 ohm/sq when dried. Original
The conductive adhesive of claim 1, having a sheet resistivity of about 0.3 ohm/sq/mil to about 2 ohm/sq/mil when dried. Original
The conductive adhesive of claim 1, having a conductivity of about 0.15 S/m to about 60 S/m when dried. Original
The conductive adhesive of claim 1, further comprising a pigment, a colorant, a dye, or any combination thereof. Currently amended
The conductive adhesive of claim 1, wherein nanorods, silver nanoflowers, silver nanofibers, bipyramids, or any combination thereof. New
. Canceled
A conductive ink comprising: (a) a conductive additive comprising: (i) a carbon-based additive comprising graphene nanosheets[[,]] and graphene oxide nanosheets; and (ii) a silver-based additive comprising silver nanowires[[,]] and silver nanoparticles; and (b) a solvent. Currently amended
The conductive ink of claim 11, having a percolation threshold when dried of at most about 15%. Original
The conductive ink of claim 11, wherein [[the]] a proportion by weight of the conductive additive in the conductive ink is 0.25% to about 20%. Currently amended
The conductive ink of claim 11, having a viscosity of at most about 40 centipoise. Original
The conductive ink of claim 11, having a sheet resistance when dried of less than 0.8 ohm/sq/mil. Original
The conductive ink of claim 11, having a conductivity of greater than 10 S/cm when dried. Original
The conductive ink of claim 11, further comprising at least one of a binder, a surfactant, and a defoamer. Original
The conductive ink of claim 11, further comprising a pigment, -a colorant, a dye, or any combination thereof. Currently amended
The conductive ink of claim 11, wherein the nanorods, silver nanoflowers, silver nanofibers, bipyramids, or any combination thereof. New a silver-based additive further comprises silver silver nanoribbons, silver nanocubes, silver silver-based additive further comprises silver silver nanoribbons, silver nanocubes, silver
. Canceled
A method of forming silver nanowires comprising: (a) heating a solvent; (b) adding a catalyst solution and a polymer solution to the solvent to form a first solution; (c) injecting a silver-based solution into the first solution to form a second solution; (d) centrifuging the second solution; and (e) washing the second solution with a washing solution to extract the silver nanowires. Withdrawn
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
conductive adhesive
conductive ink
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene nanoparticles
graphene nanosheets
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 9 displays an exemplary image of an exemplary apparatus for testing the electrical properties of the conductive carbon-based glue. [0153]
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
sheet resistance of conductive adhesive when dried (claimed range) | 5–500 ohm/sq | — |
sheet resistivity of conductive adhesive when dried (claimed range) | 0.3–2 ohm/sq/mil | — |
conductivity of conductive adhesive when dried (claimed range) |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,982,119Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 displays an exemplary illustration of the structure of a conductive dispersion, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0143]
FIG. 2 displays an exemplary image of the conductive carbon-based glue, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0144]
FIG. 3 displays an exemplary image of a first packaging of the conductive carbon-based glue, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0145]
FIG. 4 displays an exemplary image of a second packaging of the conductive [0146] carbon-based glue, according to one or more embodiments described herein; …
FIG. 5 displays an exemplary image of an electronic circuit comprising a battery powering different light-emitting diodes (LEDs) through wires formed by the …
FIG. 6 displays an exemplary image of an electronic circuit wherein a battery simultaneously powers three different LEDs through wires formed by the conductive …
FIG. 7 displays an exemplary image of bonding an electronic component to a circuit board using the conductive carbon-based glue, according to one or more …
FIG. 8B displays an exemplary image of a folded film comprising the conductive carbon- based glue deposited on a flexible substrate, according to one or more …
FIG. 9 displays an exemplary image of an exemplary apparatus for testing the electrical properties of the conductive carbon-based glue. [0153]
FIG. 10 displays a graph of the voltage-current curve of an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue, according to one or more embodiments described herein; …
FIG. 11 displays a graph of the voltage-current curves of different exemplary conductive glue films made with different amounts of conductive additives, according …
FIG. 12 displays an image of contact pads applied on an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0156]
FIG. 13B displays a graph of the sheet resistance of an exemplary second conductive carbon-based glue. [0158]
FIG. 14A displays a bar graph of the sheet resistance of exemplary conductive glues, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0160]
FIG. 15 A displays an image of an exemplary apparatus for testing the electrical properties of a film comprising an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue under …
FIG. 16A displays an illustration of an exemplary apparatus for testing the electrical properties of an unbent film comprising a conductive carbon-based glue, …
FIG. 17B displays an exemplary graph showing the relationship between the convex bending distance and the resistance change for an exemplary film comprising a …
FIG. 18B displays an exemplary graph showing the relationship between the concave bending distance and the resistance change for an exemplary film comprising a …
FIG. 19A displays an exemplary graph showing the relationship between the twisting angle and the resistance change for an exemplary conductive carbon-based …
FIG. 20 displays images of an exemplary film comprising a conductive carbon-based glue at different twist angles, according to one or more embodiments described …
FIG. 21 displays images of the preparation of an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue sample for tensile strength testing. [0174]
FIG. 22C displays an image of the adhered joint of a prepared tensile strength testing sample of an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue. [0177]
FIG. 23B displays a second image of the preparation of an exemplary conductive carbon- based glue sample for shear strength testing. [0179]
FIG. 24B displays an image of the adhered joint of a prepared shear strength testing sample of an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue. [0181]
FIG. 25B displays a second image of the preparation of an exemplary glue tensile strength testing sample without conductive graphene, according to one or more …
FIG. 26 displays an image of the prepared tensile and shear stress samples of an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue and an exemplary glue without …
FIG. 27 displays a first image of the tensile and sheer stress testing apparatus, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0185]
FIG. 28 displays a second image of the tensile and sheer stress testing apparatus, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0186]
FIG. 29 displays a graph showing the relationship between temperature and cure time of an epoxy as it changes from a liquid state to a gel state and to a solid …
FIG. 30 displays a flowchart of an exemplary method for preparing a conductive carbon-based epoxy, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0188]
FIG. 31 displays an illustration of the composition of an exemplary resin, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0189]
FIG. 32 displays an illustration of the composition of an exemplary hardener, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0190]
FIG. 33B displays an image of an exemplary dispensing and mixing packaging of a two-part conductive carbon-based epoxy comprising a resin and a hardener, …
FIG. 34 displays another image of an exemplary dispensing and mixing packaging of a two-part conductive carbon-based epoxy comprising a resin and a hardener, …
FIG. 35 displays an exemplary image of a substrate coated in an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according to one or more embodiments described herein; …
FIG. 36B displays a second image of an exemplary apparatus for forming a conductive carbon-based epoxy, according to one or more embodiments described herein; …
FIG. 37B displays an image of a closed circuit comprising a battery, three LEDs, wires, and a film comprising an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, …
FIG. 38 displays an image of an apparatus for testing the electrical properties of an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according to one or more …
FIG. 39 displays a current-voltage graph of an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0201]
FIG. 40B displays a bar graph of the sheet resistance of two conductive graphene epoxies with different amounts of carbon additives, according to one or more …
FIG. 41A displays a graph showing the relationship between the twist angle and the resistance change for an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according …
FIG. 42A displays an image of a testing apparatus for determining the resistance change of an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy with no tensile strain, …
FIG. 43 displays a graph representing the relationship between tensile strain and resistance change for an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according …
FIG. 44B displays a graph showing the relationship between the convex bending distance and the resistance change for a film comprising an exemplary conductive …
FIG. 45B displays an exemplary graph showing the relationship between the concave bending distance and the resistance change for a film comprising an exemplary …
FIG. 46 shows an image of an exemplary conductive ink, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0213]
FIG. 47 displays an illustration of silver nanostructures and microstructures below percolation, with a percolation threshold of 15 %, and with a percolation …
FIG. 48 displays transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of exemplary silver nanowires and nanoparticles, according to one or more embodiments described …
FIG. 49 displays TEM images of exemplary long silver nanowires and nanoparticles, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0216]
FIG. 50B displays a second TEM image of exemplary silver nanowires, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0218]
FIG. 51B displays a second image of an exemplary apparatus for forming silver nanowires, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0220]
FIG. 52B displays an image of an exemplary silver dispersions formed within the solvothermal chamber by the methods according to the present disclosure; [0225]
FIG. 53 displays optical microscope images of an exemplary film comprising gas and silver produced within the solvothermal chamber by the methods according to …
FIG. 54 displays TEM images of exemplary silver nanowires and nanoparticles formed with a binder; [0227]
FIG. 55 displays images of silver dispersions formed with and without a binder; [0228]
FIG. 56 displays images of exemplary stable and non-stable silver dispersions, whereby the silver dispersion on the left remains stable after one week, while …
FIG. 57 displays an image of an exemplary conductive ink, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0230]
FIG. 58 displays a chart comparing the exemplary inks of the current disclosure against currently available conductive inks, according to one or more …
FIG. 59A displays exemplary image of bonding an electronic component to a circuit board using a conductive ink, according to one or more embodiments described …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A conductive adhesive comprising: (a) a conductive additive comprising: (i) a carbon-based additive comprising two or more of graphene nanoparticles, graphene nanosheets, and graphene microparticles; and (ii) [[a]] silver-based nanoplatelets; and (b) an adhesive agent. Currently amended
The conductive adhesive of claim 1, having a percolation threshold when dried of at most about 15%. Original
The conductive adhesive of claim 1, wherein the adhesive agent comprises a hardener and a resin. Original
The conductive adhesive of claim 1, further comprising a thinner. Original
The conductive adhesive of claim 1, having a sheet resistance of about 5 ohm/sq to about 500 ohm/sq when dried. Original
The conductive adhesive of claim 1, having a sheet resistivity of about 0.3 ohm/sq/mil to about 2 ohm/sq/mil when dried. Original
The conductive adhesive of claim 1, having a conductivity of about 0.15 S/m to about 60 S/m when dried. Original
The conductive adhesive of claim 1, further comprising a pigment, a colorant, a dye, or any combination thereof. Currently amended
The conductive adhesive of claim 1, wherein nanorods, silver nanoflowers, silver nanofibers, bipyramids, or any combination thereof. New
. Canceled
A conductive ink comprising: (a) a conductive additive comprising: (i) a carbon-based additive comprising graphene nanosheets[[,]] and graphene oxide nanosheets; and (ii) a silver-based additive comprising silver nanowires[[,]] and silver nanoparticles; and (b) a solvent. Currently amended
The conductive ink of claim 11, having a percolation threshold when dried of at most about 15%. Original
The conductive ink of claim 11, wherein [[the]] a proportion by weight of the conductive additive in the conductive ink is 0.25% to about 20%. Currently amended
The conductive ink of claim 11, having a viscosity of at most about 40 centipoise. Original
The conductive ink of claim 11, having a sheet resistance when dried of less than 0.8 ohm/sq/mil. Original
The conductive ink of claim 11, having a conductivity of greater than 10 S/cm when dried. Original
The conductive ink of claim 11, further comprising at least one of a binder, a surfactant, and a defoamer. Original
The conductive ink of claim 11, further comprising a pigment, -a colorant, a dye, or any combination thereof. Currently amended
The conductive ink of claim 11, wherein the nanorods, silver nanoflowers, silver nanofibers, bipyramids, or any combination thereof. New a silver-based additive further comprises silver silver nanoribbons, silver nanocubes, silver silver-based additive further comprises silver silver nanoribbons, silver nanocubes, silver
. Canceled
A method of forming silver nanowires comprising: (a) heating a solvent; (b) adding a catalyst solution and a polymer solution to the solvent to form a first solution; (c) injecting a silver-based solution into the first solution to form a second solution; (d) centrifuging the second solution; and (e) washing the second solution with a washing solution to extract the silver nanowires. Withdrawn
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
conductive adhesive
conductive ink
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene nanoparticles
graphene nanosheets
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 9 displays an exemplary image of an exemplary apparatus for testing the electrical properties of the conductive carbon-based glue. [0153]
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
sheet resistance of conductive adhesive when dried (claimed range) | 5–500 ohm/sq | — |
sheet resistivity of conductive adhesive when dried (claimed range) | 0.3–2 ohm/sq/mil | — |
conductivity of conductive adhesive when dried (claimed range) |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
graphene microparticles
silver-based nanoplatelets
adhesive agent
hardener
resin
graphene oxide nanosheets
silver nanowires
silver nanoparticles
silver nanorods
silver nanoflowers
silver nanofibers
silver bipyramids
silver nanoribbons
silver nanocubes
FIG. 10 displays a graph of the voltage-current curve of an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue, according to one or more embodiments described herein; …
FIG. 11 displays a graph of the voltage-current curves of different exemplary conductive glue films made with different amounts of conductive additives, according …
FIG. 13B displays a graph of the sheet resistance of an exemplary second conductive carbon-based glue. [0158]
FIG. 13B displays a graph of the sheet resistance of an exemplary second conductive carbon-based glue. [0158]
FIG. 14A displays a bar graph of the sheet resistance of exemplary conductive glues, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0160]
FIG. 14A displays a bar graph of the sheet resistance of exemplary conductive glues, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0160]
FIG. 15 A displays an image of an exemplary apparatus for testing the electrical properties of a film comprising an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue under …
FIG. 16A displays an illustration of an exemplary apparatus for testing the electrical properties of an unbent film comprising a conductive carbon-based glue, …
FIG. 17B displays an exemplary graph showing the relationship between the convex bending distance and the resistance change for an exemplary film comprising a …
FIG. 18B displays an exemplary graph showing the relationship between the concave bending distance and the resistance change for an exemplary film comprising a …
FIG. 19A displays an exemplary graph showing the relationship between the twisting angle and the resistance change for an exemplary conductive carbon-based …
FIG. 29 displays a graph showing the relationship between temperature and cure time of an epoxy as it changes from a liquid state to a gel state and to a solid …
FIG. 38 displays an image of an apparatus for testing the electrical properties of an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according to one or more …
FIG. 39 displays a current-voltage graph of an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0201]
FIG. 40B displays a bar graph of the sheet resistance of two conductive graphene epoxies with different amounts of carbon additives, according to one or more …
FIG. 40B displays a bar graph of the sheet resistance of two conductive graphene epoxies with different amounts of carbon additives, according to one or more …
FIG. 41A displays a graph showing the relationship between the twist angle and the resistance change for an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according …
FIG. 43 displays a graph representing the relationship between tensile strain and resistance change for an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according …
FIG. 44B displays a graph showing the relationship between the convex bending distance and the resistance change for a film comprising an exemplary conductive …
FIG. 45B displays an exemplary graph showing the relationship between the concave bending distance and the resistance change for a film comprising an exemplary …
FIG. 48 displays transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of exemplary silver nanowires and nanoparticles, according to one or more embodiments described …
FIG. 49 displays TEM images of exemplary long silver nanowires and nanoparticles, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0216]
FIG. 50B displays a second TEM image of exemplary silver nanowires, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0218]
FIG. 54 displays TEM images of exemplary silver nanowires and nanoparticles formed with a binder; [0227]
durability, low curing temperatures, mechanical flexibility, and reduced environmental impact. [0235] Although lead-based soldering materials are currently used to electrically connect two or more components, such products may be toxic and not environmentally f
| 0.15–60 S/m |
| — |
sheet resistance of conductive ink when dried (claimed upper bound) | ≤ 0.8 ohm/sq/mil | — |
conductivity of conductive ink when dried (claimed lower bound) | ≥ 10 S/cm | — |
viscosity of conductive ink (claimed upper bound) | ≤ 40 centipoise | — |
Voltage | 1–1 V | — |
Voltage | 1.2–1.2 V | — |
Duration | 12–48 hours | — |
Duration | 10–40 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–120 minutes | — |
Thickness | 2–8 mM | — |
Duration | 1–900 seconds | — |
Temperature | 175–300 °C | — |
Temperature | ≤ 60 °C | — |
Pressure | ≥ 30 MPa | — |
Pressure | ≥ 20 MPa | — |
Temperature | ≥ 40 °C | — |
Pressure | ≥ 1 mPa | — |
Thickness | 2–3 mM | — |
Thickness | 2–3.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2–4 mM | — |
Thickness | 2–4.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2–5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2–5.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2–6 mM | — |
Thickness | 2–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–5 mM | — |
Thickness | 4–5 mM | — |
Thickness | 5–5 mM | — |
Thickness | 5–5.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 5–6 mM | — |
Thickness | 5–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–4.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–5.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–6 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 3.5–4 mM | — |
Thickness | 3.5–4.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 3.5–5 mM | — |
Thickness | 3.5–5.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 3.5–6 mM | — |
Thickness | 3.5–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 3.5–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 3.5–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 4–4.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 4–5.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 4–6 mM | — |
Thickness | 4–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 4–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 4–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 4.5–5 mM | — |
Thickness | 4.5–5.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 4.5–6 mM | — |
Thickness | 4.5–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 4.5–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 4.5–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 5–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 5–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 5.5–6 mM | — |
Thickness | 5.5–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 5.5–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 5.5–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 6–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 6–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 6–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 6.5–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 6.5–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 7–8 mM | — |
Temperature | 75–300 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–125 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–150 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–175 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–200 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–225 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–250 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–275 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–300 °C | — |
Temperature | 125–150 °C | — |
Temperature | 125–175 °C | — |
Temperature | 125–200 °C | — |
Temperature | 125–225 °C | — |
Temperature | 125–250 °C | — |
Temperature | 125–275 °C | — |
Temperature | 125–300 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–175 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–200 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–225 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–250 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–275 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–300 °C | — |
Temperature | 175–200 °C | — |
Temperature | 175–225 °C | — |
Temperature | 175–250 °C | — |
Temperature | 175–275 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–225 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–250 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–275 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–300 °C | — |
Temperature | 225–250 °C | — |
Temperature | 225–275 °C | — |
Temperature | 250–300 °C | — |
Duration | 30–40 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–50 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–60 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–70 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–80 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–90 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–110 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–50 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–60 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–70 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–80 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–90 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–110 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 50–60 minutes | — |
Duration | 50–70 minutes | — |
Duration | 50–80 minutes | — |
Duration | 50–90 minutes | — |
Duration | 50–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 50–110 minutes | — |
Duration | 50–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 60–70 minutes | — |
Duration | 60–80 minutes | — |
Duration | 60–90 minutes | — |
Duration | 60–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 60–110 minutes | — |
Duration | 60–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 70–80 minutes | — |
Duration | 70–90 minutes | — |
Duration | 70–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 70–110 minutes | — |
Duration | 70–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 80–90 minutes | — |
Duration | 80–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 80–110 minutes | — |
Duration | 80–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 90–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 90–110 minutes | — |
Duration | 90–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 100–110 minutes | — |
Duration | 100–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 110–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 10–15 minutes | — |
Duration | 10–20 minutes | — |
Duration | 10–25 minutes | — |
Duration | 10–30 minutes | — |
Duration | 10–35 minutes | — |
Duration | 15–20 minutes | — |
Duration | 15–25 minutes | — |
Duration | 15–30 minutes | — |
Duration | 15–35 minutes | — |
Duration | 15–40 minutes | — |
Duration | 20–25 minutes | — |
Duration | 20–30 minutes | — |
Duration | 20–35 minutes | — |
Duration | 20–40 minutes | — |
Duration | 25–30 minutes | — |
Duration | 25–35 minutes | — |
Duration | 25–40 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–35 minutes | — |
Duration | 35–40 minutes | — |
Duration | 12–16 hours | — |
Duration | 12–20 hours | — |
Duration | 12–24 hours | — |
Duration | 12–28 hours | — |
Duration | 12–32 hours | — |
Duration | 12–36 hours | — |
Duration | 12–40 hours | — |
Duration | 12–44 hours | — |
Duration | 16–20 hours | — |
Duration | 16–24 hours | — |
Duration | 16–28 hours | — |
Duration | 16–32 hours | — |
Duration | 16–36 hours | — |
Duration | 16–40 hours | — |
Duration | 16–44 hours | — |
Duration | 16–48 hours | — |
Duration | 20–24 hours | — |
Duration | 20–28 hours | — |
Duration | 20–32 hours | — |
Duration | 20–36 hours | — |
Duration | 20–40 hours | — |
Duration | 20–44 hours | — |
Duration | 20–48 hours | — |
Duration | 24–28 hours | — |
Duration | 24–32 hours | — |
Duration | 24–36 hours | — |
Duration | 24–40 hours | — |
Duration | 24–44 hours | — |
Duration | 24–48 hours | — |
Duration | 28–32 hours | — |
Duration | 28–36 hours | — |
Duration | 28–40 hours | — |
Duration | 28–44 hours | — |
Duration | 28–48 hours | — |
Duration | 32–36 hours | — |
Duration | 32–40 hours | — |
Duration | 32–44 hours | — |
Duration | 32–48 hours | — |
Duration | 36–40 hours | — |
Duration | 36–44 hours | — |
Duration | 36–48 hours | — |
Duration | 40–44 hours | — |
Duration | 40–48 hours | — |
Duration | 44–48 hours | — |
Thickness | 2–2.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–3 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–3.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–4 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–4.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–5.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–6 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–3.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–4 mM | — |
Duration | 1–2 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–5 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–10 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–50 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–100 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–200 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–300 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–400 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–5 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–10 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–50 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–100 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–200 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–300 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–400 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–10 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–50 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–100 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–200 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–300 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–400 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 10–50 seconds | — |
Duration | 10–100 seconds | — |
Duration | 10–200 seconds | — |
Duration | 10–300 seconds | — |
Duration | 10–400 seconds | — |
Duration | 10–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 10–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 10–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 50–100 seconds | — |
Duration | 50–200 seconds | — |
Duration | 50–300 seconds | — |
Duration | 50–400 seconds | — |
Duration | 50–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 50–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 50–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 100–200 seconds | — |
Duration | 100–300 seconds | — |
Duration | 100–400 seconds | — |
Duration | 100–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 100–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 100–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 200–300 seconds | — |
Duration | 200–400 seconds | — |
Duration | 200–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 200–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 200–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 300–400 seconds | — |
Duration | 300–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 300–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 300–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 400–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 400–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 400–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 600–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 600–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 800–900 seconds | — |
Temperature | ≤ 300 °C | — |
Duration | ≤ 120 minutes | — |
Duration | ≤ 30 minutes | — |
Duration | ≤ 40 minutes | — |
Duration | ≤ 10 minutes | — |
Duration | ≤ 48 hours | — |
Duration | ≤ 12 hours | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 mM | — |
Duration | ≤ 900 seconds | — |
Duration | ≤ 1 second | — |
Temperature | ≤ 20 °C | — |
Thickness | ≥ 2 mM | — |
Duration | ≥ 30 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 10 minutes | — |
Pressure | ≥ 10 MPa | — |
Duration | ≥ 12 hours | — |
Duration | ≥ 1 second | — |
Temperature | ≥ 20 °C | — |
graphene microparticles
silver-based nanoplatelets
adhesive agent
hardener
resin
graphene oxide nanosheets
silver nanowires
silver nanoparticles
silver nanorods
silver nanoflowers
silver nanofibers
silver bipyramids
silver nanoribbons
silver nanocubes
FIG. 10 displays a graph of the voltage-current curve of an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue, according to one or more embodiments described herein; …
FIG. 11 displays a graph of the voltage-current curves of different exemplary conductive glue films made with different amounts of conductive additives, according …
FIG. 13B displays a graph of the sheet resistance of an exemplary second conductive carbon-based glue. [0158]
FIG. 13B displays a graph of the sheet resistance of an exemplary second conductive carbon-based glue. [0158]
FIG. 14A displays a bar graph of the sheet resistance of exemplary conductive glues, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0160]
FIG. 14A displays a bar graph of the sheet resistance of exemplary conductive glues, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0160]
FIG. 15 A displays an image of an exemplary apparatus for testing the electrical properties of a film comprising an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue under …
FIG. 16A displays an illustration of an exemplary apparatus for testing the electrical properties of an unbent film comprising a conductive carbon-based glue, …
FIG. 17B displays an exemplary graph showing the relationship between the convex bending distance and the resistance change for an exemplary film comprising a …
FIG. 18B displays an exemplary graph showing the relationship between the concave bending distance and the resistance change for an exemplary film comprising a …
FIG. 19A displays an exemplary graph showing the relationship between the twisting angle and the resistance change for an exemplary conductive carbon-based …
FIG. 29 displays a graph showing the relationship between temperature and cure time of an epoxy as it changes from a liquid state to a gel state and to a solid …
FIG. 38 displays an image of an apparatus for testing the electrical properties of an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according to one or more …
FIG. 39 displays a current-voltage graph of an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0201]
FIG. 40B displays a bar graph of the sheet resistance of two conductive graphene epoxies with different amounts of carbon additives, according to one or more …
FIG. 40B displays a bar graph of the sheet resistance of two conductive graphene epoxies with different amounts of carbon additives, according to one or more …
FIG. 41A displays a graph showing the relationship between the twist angle and the resistance change for an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according …
FIG. 43 displays a graph representing the relationship between tensile strain and resistance change for an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according …
FIG. 44B displays a graph showing the relationship between the convex bending distance and the resistance change for a film comprising an exemplary conductive …
FIG. 45B displays an exemplary graph showing the relationship between the concave bending distance and the resistance change for a film comprising an exemplary …
FIG. 48 displays transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of exemplary silver nanowires and nanoparticles, according to one or more embodiments described …
FIG. 49 displays TEM images of exemplary long silver nanowires and nanoparticles, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0216]
FIG. 50B displays a second TEM image of exemplary silver nanowires, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0218]
FIG. 54 displays TEM images of exemplary silver nanowires and nanoparticles formed with a binder; [0227]
durability, low curing temperatures, mechanical flexibility, and reduced environmental impact. [0235] Although lead-based soldering materials are currently used to electrically connect two or more components, such products may be toxic and not environmentally f
| 0.15–60 S/m |
| — |
sheet resistance of conductive ink when dried (claimed upper bound) | ≤ 0.8 ohm/sq/mil | — |
conductivity of conductive ink when dried (claimed lower bound) | ≥ 10 S/cm | — |
viscosity of conductive ink (claimed upper bound) | ≤ 40 centipoise | — |
Voltage | 1–1 V | — |
Voltage | 1.2–1.2 V | — |
Duration | 12–48 hours | — |
Duration | 10–40 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–120 minutes | — |
Thickness | 2–8 mM | — |
Duration | 1–900 seconds | — |
Temperature | 175–300 °C | — |
Temperature | ≤ 60 °C | — |
Pressure | ≥ 30 MPa | — |
Pressure | ≥ 20 MPa | — |
Temperature | ≥ 40 °C | — |
Pressure | ≥ 1 mPa | — |
Thickness | 2–3 mM | — |
Thickness | 2–3.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2–4 mM | — |
Thickness | 2–4.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2–5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2–5.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2–6 mM | — |
Thickness | 2–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–5 mM | — |
Thickness | 4–5 mM | — |
Thickness | 5–5 mM | — |
Thickness | 5–5.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 5–6 mM | — |
Thickness | 5–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–4.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–5.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–6 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 3.5–4 mM | — |
Thickness | 3.5–4.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 3.5–5 mM | — |
Thickness | 3.5–5.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 3.5–6 mM | — |
Thickness | 3.5–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 3.5–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 3.5–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 4–4.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 4–5.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 4–6 mM | — |
Thickness | 4–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 4–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 4–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 4.5–5 mM | — |
Thickness | 4.5–5.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 4.5–6 mM | — |
Thickness | 4.5–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 4.5–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 4.5–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 5–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 5–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 5.5–6 mM | — |
Thickness | 5.5–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 5.5–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 5.5–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 6–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 6–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 6–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 6.5–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 6.5–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 7–8 mM | — |
Temperature | 75–300 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–125 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–150 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–175 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–200 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–225 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–250 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–275 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–300 °C | — |
Temperature | 125–150 °C | — |
Temperature | 125–175 °C | — |
Temperature | 125–200 °C | — |
Temperature | 125–225 °C | — |
Temperature | 125–250 °C | — |
Temperature | 125–275 °C | — |
Temperature | 125–300 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–175 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–200 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–225 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–250 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–275 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–300 °C | — |
Temperature | 175–200 °C | — |
Temperature | 175–225 °C | — |
Temperature | 175–250 °C | — |
Temperature | 175–275 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–225 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–250 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–275 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–300 °C | — |
Temperature | 225–250 °C | — |
Temperature | 225–275 °C | — |
Temperature | 250–300 °C | — |
Duration | 30–40 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–50 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–60 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–70 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–80 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–90 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–110 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–50 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–60 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–70 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–80 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–90 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–110 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 50–60 minutes | — |
Duration | 50–70 minutes | — |
Duration | 50–80 minutes | — |
Duration | 50–90 minutes | — |
Duration | 50–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 50–110 minutes | — |
Duration | 50–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 60–70 minutes | — |
Duration | 60–80 minutes | — |
Duration | 60–90 minutes | — |
Duration | 60–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 60–110 minutes | — |
Duration | 60–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 70–80 minutes | — |
Duration | 70–90 minutes | — |
Duration | 70–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 70–110 minutes | — |
Duration | 70–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 80–90 minutes | — |
Duration | 80–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 80–110 minutes | — |
Duration | 80–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 90–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 90–110 minutes | — |
Duration | 90–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 100–110 minutes | — |
Duration | 100–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 110–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 10–15 minutes | — |
Duration | 10–20 minutes | — |
Duration | 10–25 minutes | — |
Duration | 10–30 minutes | — |
Duration | 10–35 minutes | — |
Duration | 15–20 minutes | — |
Duration | 15–25 minutes | — |
Duration | 15–30 minutes | — |
Duration | 15–35 minutes | — |
Duration | 15–40 minutes | — |
Duration | 20–25 minutes | — |
Duration | 20–30 minutes | — |
Duration | 20–35 minutes | — |
Duration | 20–40 minutes | — |
Duration | 25–30 minutes | — |
Duration | 25–35 minutes | — |
Duration | 25–40 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–35 minutes | — |
Duration | 35–40 minutes | — |
Duration | 12–16 hours | — |
Duration | 12–20 hours | — |
Duration | 12–24 hours | — |
Duration | 12–28 hours | — |
Duration | 12–32 hours | — |
Duration | 12–36 hours | — |
Duration | 12–40 hours | — |
Duration | 12–44 hours | — |
Duration | 16–20 hours | — |
Duration | 16–24 hours | — |
Duration | 16–28 hours | — |
Duration | 16–32 hours | — |
Duration | 16–36 hours | — |
Duration | 16–40 hours | — |
Duration | 16–44 hours | — |
Duration | 16–48 hours | — |
Duration | 20–24 hours | — |
Duration | 20–28 hours | — |
Duration | 20–32 hours | — |
Duration | 20–36 hours | — |
Duration | 20–40 hours | — |
Duration | 20–44 hours | — |
Duration | 20–48 hours | — |
Duration | 24–28 hours | — |
Duration | 24–32 hours | — |
Duration | 24–36 hours | — |
Duration | 24–40 hours | — |
Duration | 24–44 hours | — |
Duration | 24–48 hours | — |
Duration | 28–32 hours | — |
Duration | 28–36 hours | — |
Duration | 28–40 hours | — |
Duration | 28–44 hours | — |
Duration | 28–48 hours | — |
Duration | 32–36 hours | — |
Duration | 32–40 hours | — |
Duration | 32–44 hours | — |
Duration | 32–48 hours | — |
Duration | 36–40 hours | — |
Duration | 36–44 hours | — |
Duration | 36–48 hours | — |
Duration | 40–44 hours | — |
Duration | 40–48 hours | — |
Duration | 44–48 hours | — |
Thickness | 2–2.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–3 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–3.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–4 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–4.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–5.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–6 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–3.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–4 mM | — |
Duration | 1–2 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–5 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–10 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–50 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–100 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–200 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–300 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–400 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–5 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–10 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–50 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–100 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–200 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–300 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–400 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–10 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–50 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–100 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–200 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–300 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–400 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 10–50 seconds | — |
Duration | 10–100 seconds | — |
Duration | 10–200 seconds | — |
Duration | 10–300 seconds | — |
Duration | 10–400 seconds | — |
Duration | 10–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 10–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 10–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 50–100 seconds | — |
Duration | 50–200 seconds | — |
Duration | 50–300 seconds | — |
Duration | 50–400 seconds | — |
Duration | 50–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 50–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 50–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 100–200 seconds | — |
Duration | 100–300 seconds | — |
Duration | 100–400 seconds | — |
Duration | 100–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 100–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 100–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 200–300 seconds | — |
Duration | 200–400 seconds | — |
Duration | 200–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 200–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 200–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 300–400 seconds | — |
Duration | 300–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 300–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 300–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 400–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 400–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 400–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 600–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 600–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 800–900 seconds | — |
Temperature | ≤ 300 °C | — |
Duration | ≤ 120 minutes | — |
Duration | ≤ 30 minutes | — |
Duration | ≤ 40 minutes | — |
Duration | ≤ 10 minutes | — |
Duration | ≤ 48 hours | — |
Duration | ≤ 12 hours | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 mM | — |
Duration | ≤ 900 seconds | — |
Duration | ≤ 1 second | — |
Temperature | ≤ 20 °C | — |
Thickness | ≥ 2 mM | — |
Duration | ≥ 30 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 10 minutes | — |
Pressure | ≥ 10 MPa | — |
Duration | ≥ 12 hours | — |
Duration | ≥ 1 second | — |
Temperature | ≥ 20 °C | — |
graphene microparticles
silver-based nanoplatelets
adhesive agent
hardener
resin
graphene oxide nanosheets
silver nanowires
silver nanoparticles
silver nanorods
silver nanoflowers
silver nanofibers
silver bipyramids
silver nanoribbons
silver nanocubes
FIG. 10 displays a graph of the voltage-current curve of an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue, according to one or more embodiments described herein; …
FIG. 11 displays a graph of the voltage-current curves of different exemplary conductive glue films made with different amounts of conductive additives, according …
FIG. 13B displays a graph of the sheet resistance of an exemplary second conductive carbon-based glue. [0158]
FIG. 13B displays a graph of the sheet resistance of an exemplary second conductive carbon-based glue. [0158]
FIG. 14A displays a bar graph of the sheet resistance of exemplary conductive glues, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0160]
FIG. 14A displays a bar graph of the sheet resistance of exemplary conductive glues, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0160]
FIG. 15 A displays an image of an exemplary apparatus for testing the electrical properties of a film comprising an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue under …
FIG. 16A displays an illustration of an exemplary apparatus for testing the electrical properties of an unbent film comprising a conductive carbon-based glue, …
FIG. 17B displays an exemplary graph showing the relationship between the convex bending distance and the resistance change for an exemplary film comprising a …
FIG. 18B displays an exemplary graph showing the relationship between the concave bending distance and the resistance change for an exemplary film comprising a …
FIG. 19A displays an exemplary graph showing the relationship between the twisting angle and the resistance change for an exemplary conductive carbon-based …
FIG. 29 displays a graph showing the relationship between temperature and cure time of an epoxy as it changes from a liquid state to a gel state and to a solid …
FIG. 38 displays an image of an apparatus for testing the electrical properties of an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according to one or more …
FIG. 39 displays a current-voltage graph of an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0201]
FIG. 40B displays a bar graph of the sheet resistance of two conductive graphene epoxies with different amounts of carbon additives, according to one or more …
FIG. 40B displays a bar graph of the sheet resistance of two conductive graphene epoxies with different amounts of carbon additives, according to one or more …
FIG. 41A displays a graph showing the relationship between the twist angle and the resistance change for an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according …
FIG. 43 displays a graph representing the relationship between tensile strain and resistance change for an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according …
FIG. 44B displays a graph showing the relationship between the convex bending distance and the resistance change for a film comprising an exemplary conductive …
FIG. 45B displays an exemplary graph showing the relationship between the concave bending distance and the resistance change for a film comprising an exemplary …
FIG. 48 displays transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of exemplary silver nanowires and nanoparticles, according to one or more embodiments described …
FIG. 49 displays TEM images of exemplary long silver nanowires and nanoparticles, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0216]
FIG. 50B displays a second TEM image of exemplary silver nanowires, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0218]
FIG. 54 displays TEM images of exemplary silver nanowires and nanoparticles formed with a binder; [0227]
durability, low curing temperatures, mechanical flexibility, and reduced environmental impact. [0235] Although lead-based soldering materials are currently used to electrically connect two or more components, such products may be toxic and not environmentally f
| 0.15–60 S/m |
| — |
sheet resistance of conductive ink when dried (claimed upper bound) | ≤ 0.8 ohm/sq/mil | — |
conductivity of conductive ink when dried (claimed lower bound) | ≥ 10 S/cm | — |
viscosity of conductive ink (claimed upper bound) | ≤ 40 centipoise | — |
Voltage | 1–1 V | — |
Voltage | 1.2–1.2 V | — |
Duration | 12–48 hours | — |
Duration | 10–40 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–120 minutes | — |
Thickness | 2–8 mM | — |
Duration | 1–900 seconds | — |
Temperature | 175–300 °C | — |
Temperature | ≤ 60 °C | — |
Pressure | ≥ 30 MPa | — |
Pressure | ≥ 20 MPa | — |
Temperature | ≥ 40 °C | — |
Pressure | ≥ 1 mPa | — |
Thickness | 2–3 mM | — |
Thickness | 2–3.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2–4 mM | — |
Thickness | 2–4.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2–5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2–5.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2–6 mM | — |
Thickness | 2–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–5 mM | — |
Thickness | 4–5 mM | — |
Thickness | 5–5 mM | — |
Thickness | 5–5.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 5–6 mM | — |
Thickness | 5–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–4.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–5.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–6 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 3.5–4 mM | — |
Thickness | 3.5–4.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 3.5–5 mM | — |
Thickness | 3.5–5.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 3.5–6 mM | — |
Thickness | 3.5–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 3.5–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 3.5–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 4–4.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 4–5.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 4–6 mM | — |
Thickness | 4–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 4–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 4–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 4.5–5 mM | — |
Thickness | 4.5–5.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 4.5–6 mM | — |
Thickness | 4.5–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 4.5–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 4.5–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 5–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 5–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 5.5–6 mM | — |
Thickness | 5.5–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 5.5–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 5.5–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 6–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 6–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 6–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 6.5–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 6.5–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 7–8 mM | — |
Temperature | 75–300 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–125 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–150 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–175 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–200 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–225 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–250 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–275 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–300 °C | — |
Temperature | 125–150 °C | — |
Temperature | 125–175 °C | — |
Temperature | 125–200 °C | — |
Temperature | 125–225 °C | — |
Temperature | 125–250 °C | — |
Temperature | 125–275 °C | — |
Temperature | 125–300 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–175 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–200 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–225 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–250 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–275 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–300 °C | — |
Temperature | 175–200 °C | — |
Temperature | 175–225 °C | — |
Temperature | 175–250 °C | — |
Temperature | 175–275 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–225 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–250 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–275 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–300 °C | — |
Temperature | 225–250 °C | — |
Temperature | 225–275 °C | — |
Temperature | 250–300 °C | — |
Duration | 30–40 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–50 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–60 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–70 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–80 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–90 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–110 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–50 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–60 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–70 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–80 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–90 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–110 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 50–60 minutes | — |
Duration | 50–70 minutes | — |
Duration | 50–80 minutes | — |
Duration | 50–90 minutes | — |
Duration | 50–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 50–110 minutes | — |
Duration | 50–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 60–70 minutes | — |
Duration | 60–80 minutes | — |
Duration | 60–90 minutes | — |
Duration | 60–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 60–110 minutes | — |
Duration | 60–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 70–80 minutes | — |
Duration | 70–90 minutes | — |
Duration | 70–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 70–110 minutes | — |
Duration | 70–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 80–90 minutes | — |
Duration | 80–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 80–110 minutes | — |
Duration | 80–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 90–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 90–110 minutes | — |
Duration | 90–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 100–110 minutes | — |
Duration | 100–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 110–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 10–15 minutes | — |
Duration | 10–20 minutes | — |
Duration | 10–25 minutes | — |
Duration | 10–30 minutes | — |
Duration | 10–35 minutes | — |
Duration | 15–20 minutes | — |
Duration | 15–25 minutes | — |
Duration | 15–30 minutes | — |
Duration | 15–35 minutes | — |
Duration | 15–40 minutes | — |
Duration | 20–25 minutes | — |
Duration | 20–30 minutes | — |
Duration | 20–35 minutes | — |
Duration | 20–40 minutes | — |
Duration | 25–30 minutes | — |
Duration | 25–35 minutes | — |
Duration | 25–40 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–35 minutes | — |
Duration | 35–40 minutes | — |
Duration | 12–16 hours | — |
Duration | 12–20 hours | — |
Duration | 12–24 hours | — |
Duration | 12–28 hours | — |
Duration | 12–32 hours | — |
Duration | 12–36 hours | — |
Duration | 12–40 hours | — |
Duration | 12–44 hours | — |
Duration | 16–20 hours | — |
Duration | 16–24 hours | — |
Duration | 16–28 hours | — |
Duration | 16–32 hours | — |
Duration | 16–36 hours | — |
Duration | 16–40 hours | — |
Duration | 16–44 hours | — |
Duration | 16–48 hours | — |
Duration | 20–24 hours | — |
Duration | 20–28 hours | — |
Duration | 20–32 hours | — |
Duration | 20–36 hours | — |
Duration | 20–40 hours | — |
Duration | 20–44 hours | — |
Duration | 20–48 hours | — |
Duration | 24–28 hours | — |
Duration | 24–32 hours | — |
Duration | 24–36 hours | — |
Duration | 24–40 hours | — |
Duration | 24–44 hours | — |
Duration | 24–48 hours | — |
Duration | 28–32 hours | — |
Duration | 28–36 hours | — |
Duration | 28–40 hours | — |
Duration | 28–44 hours | — |
Duration | 28–48 hours | — |
Duration | 32–36 hours | — |
Duration | 32–40 hours | — |
Duration | 32–44 hours | — |
Duration | 32–48 hours | — |
Duration | 36–40 hours | — |
Duration | 36–44 hours | — |
Duration | 36–48 hours | — |
Duration | 40–44 hours | — |
Duration | 40–48 hours | — |
Duration | 44–48 hours | — |
Thickness | 2–2.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–3 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–3.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–4 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–4.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–5.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–6 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–3.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–4 mM | — |
Duration | 1–2 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–5 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–10 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–50 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–100 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–200 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–300 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–400 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–5 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–10 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–50 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–100 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–200 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–300 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–400 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–10 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–50 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–100 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–200 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–300 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–400 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 10–50 seconds | — |
Duration | 10–100 seconds | — |
Duration | 10–200 seconds | — |
Duration | 10–300 seconds | — |
Duration | 10–400 seconds | — |
Duration | 10–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 10–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 10–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 50–100 seconds | — |
Duration | 50–200 seconds | — |
Duration | 50–300 seconds | — |
Duration | 50–400 seconds | — |
Duration | 50–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 50–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 50–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 100–200 seconds | — |
Duration | 100–300 seconds | — |
Duration | 100–400 seconds | — |
Duration | 100–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 100–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 100–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 200–300 seconds | — |
Duration | 200–400 seconds | — |
Duration | 200–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 200–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 200–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 300–400 seconds | — |
Duration | 300–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 300–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 300–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 400–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 400–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 400–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 600–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 600–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 800–900 seconds | — |
Temperature | ≤ 300 °C | — |
Duration | ≤ 120 minutes | — |
Duration | ≤ 30 minutes | — |
Duration | ≤ 40 minutes | — |
Duration | ≤ 10 minutes | — |
Duration | ≤ 48 hours | — |
Duration | ≤ 12 hours | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 mM | — |
Duration | ≤ 900 seconds | — |
Duration | ≤ 1 second | — |
Temperature | ≤ 20 °C | — |
Thickness | ≥ 2 mM | — |
Duration | ≥ 30 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 10 minutes | — |
Pressure | ≥ 10 MPa | — |
Duration | ≥ 12 hours | — |
Duration | ≥ 1 second | — |
Temperature | ≥ 20 °C | — |
graphene microparticles
silver-based nanoplatelets
adhesive agent
hardener
resin
graphene oxide nanosheets
silver nanowires
silver nanoparticles
silver nanorods
silver nanoflowers
silver nanofibers
silver bipyramids
silver nanoribbons
silver nanocubes
FIG. 10 displays a graph of the voltage-current curve of an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue, according to one or more embodiments described herein; …
FIG. 11 displays a graph of the voltage-current curves of different exemplary conductive glue films made with different amounts of conductive additives, according …
FIG. 13B displays a graph of the sheet resistance of an exemplary second conductive carbon-based glue. [0158]
FIG. 13B displays a graph of the sheet resistance of an exemplary second conductive carbon-based glue. [0158]
FIG. 14A displays a bar graph of the sheet resistance of exemplary conductive glues, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0160]
FIG. 14A displays a bar graph of the sheet resistance of exemplary conductive glues, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0160]
FIG. 15 A displays an image of an exemplary apparatus for testing the electrical properties of a film comprising an exemplary conductive carbon-based glue under …
FIG. 16A displays an illustration of an exemplary apparatus for testing the electrical properties of an unbent film comprising a conductive carbon-based glue, …
FIG. 17B displays an exemplary graph showing the relationship between the convex bending distance and the resistance change for an exemplary film comprising a …
FIG. 18B displays an exemplary graph showing the relationship between the concave bending distance and the resistance change for an exemplary film comprising a …
FIG. 19A displays an exemplary graph showing the relationship between the twisting angle and the resistance change for an exemplary conductive carbon-based …
FIG. 29 displays a graph showing the relationship between temperature and cure time of an epoxy as it changes from a liquid state to a gel state and to a solid …
FIG. 38 displays an image of an apparatus for testing the electrical properties of an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according to one or more …
FIG. 39 displays a current-voltage graph of an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0201]
FIG. 40B displays a bar graph of the sheet resistance of two conductive graphene epoxies with different amounts of carbon additives, according to one or more …
FIG. 40B displays a bar graph of the sheet resistance of two conductive graphene epoxies with different amounts of carbon additives, according to one or more …
FIG. 41A displays a graph showing the relationship between the twist angle and the resistance change for an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according …
FIG. 43 displays a graph representing the relationship between tensile strain and resistance change for an exemplary conductive carbon-based epoxy, according …
FIG. 44B displays a graph showing the relationship between the convex bending distance and the resistance change for a film comprising an exemplary conductive …
FIG. 45B displays an exemplary graph showing the relationship between the concave bending distance and the resistance change for a film comprising an exemplary …
FIG. 48 displays transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of exemplary silver nanowires and nanoparticles, according to one or more embodiments described …
FIG. 49 displays TEM images of exemplary long silver nanowires and nanoparticles, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0216]
FIG. 50B displays a second TEM image of exemplary silver nanowires, according to one or more embodiments described herein; [0218]
FIG. 54 displays TEM images of exemplary silver nanowires and nanoparticles formed with a binder; [0227]
durability, low curing temperatures, mechanical flexibility, and reduced environmental impact. [0235] Although lead-based soldering materials are currently used to electrically connect two or more components, such products may be toxic and not environmentally f
| 0.15–60 S/m |
| — |
sheet resistance of conductive ink when dried (claimed upper bound) | ≤ 0.8 ohm/sq/mil | — |
conductivity of conductive ink when dried (claimed lower bound) | ≥ 10 S/cm | — |
viscosity of conductive ink (claimed upper bound) | ≤ 40 centipoise | — |
Voltage | 1–1 V | — |
Voltage | 1.2–1.2 V | — |
Duration | 12–48 hours | — |
Duration | 10–40 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–120 minutes | — |
Thickness | 2–8 mM | — |
Duration | 1–900 seconds | — |
Temperature | 175–300 °C | — |
Temperature | ≤ 60 °C | — |
Pressure | ≥ 30 MPa | — |
Pressure | ≥ 20 MPa | — |
Temperature | ≥ 40 °C | — |
Pressure | ≥ 1 mPa | — |
Thickness | 2–3 mM | — |
Thickness | 2–3.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2–4 mM | — |
Thickness | 2–4.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2–5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2–5.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2–6 mM | — |
Thickness | 2–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–5 mM | — |
Thickness | 4–5 mM | — |
Thickness | 5–5 mM | — |
Thickness | 5–5.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 5–6 mM | — |
Thickness | 5–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–4.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–5.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–6 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 3.5–4 mM | — |
Thickness | 3.5–4.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 3.5–5 mM | — |
Thickness | 3.5–5.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 3.5–6 mM | — |
Thickness | 3.5–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 3.5–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 3.5–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 4–4.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 4–5.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 4–6 mM | — |
Thickness | 4–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 4–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 4–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 4.5–5 mM | — |
Thickness | 4.5–5.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 4.5–6 mM | — |
Thickness | 4.5–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 4.5–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 4.5–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 5–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 5–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 5.5–6 mM | — |
Thickness | 5.5–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 5.5–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 5.5–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 6–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 6–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 6–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 6.5–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 6.5–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 7–8 mM | — |
Temperature | 75–300 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–125 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–150 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–175 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–200 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–225 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–250 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–275 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–300 °C | — |
Temperature | 125–150 °C | — |
Temperature | 125–175 °C | — |
Temperature | 125–200 °C | — |
Temperature | 125–225 °C | — |
Temperature | 125–250 °C | — |
Temperature | 125–275 °C | — |
Temperature | 125–300 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–175 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–200 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–225 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–250 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–275 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–300 °C | — |
Temperature | 175–200 °C | — |
Temperature | 175–225 °C | — |
Temperature | 175–250 °C | — |
Temperature | 175–275 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–225 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–250 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–275 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–300 °C | — |
Temperature | 225–250 °C | — |
Temperature | 225–275 °C | — |
Temperature | 250–300 °C | — |
Duration | 30–40 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–50 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–60 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–70 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–80 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–90 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–110 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–50 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–60 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–70 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–80 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–90 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–110 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 50–60 minutes | — |
Duration | 50–70 minutes | — |
Duration | 50–80 minutes | — |
Duration | 50–90 minutes | — |
Duration | 50–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 50–110 minutes | — |
Duration | 50–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 60–70 minutes | — |
Duration | 60–80 minutes | — |
Duration | 60–90 minutes | — |
Duration | 60–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 60–110 minutes | — |
Duration | 60–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 70–80 minutes | — |
Duration | 70–90 minutes | — |
Duration | 70–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 70–110 minutes | — |
Duration | 70–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 80–90 minutes | — |
Duration | 80–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 80–110 minutes | — |
Duration | 80–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 90–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 90–110 minutes | — |
Duration | 90–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 100–110 minutes | — |
Duration | 100–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 110–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 10–15 minutes | — |
Duration | 10–20 minutes | — |
Duration | 10–25 minutes | — |
Duration | 10–30 minutes | — |
Duration | 10–35 minutes | — |
Duration | 15–20 minutes | — |
Duration | 15–25 minutes | — |
Duration | 15–30 minutes | — |
Duration | 15–35 minutes | — |
Duration | 15–40 minutes | — |
Duration | 20–25 minutes | — |
Duration | 20–30 minutes | — |
Duration | 20–35 minutes | — |
Duration | 20–40 minutes | — |
Duration | 25–30 minutes | — |
Duration | 25–35 minutes | — |
Duration | 25–40 minutes | — |
Duration | 30–35 minutes | — |
Duration | 35–40 minutes | — |
Duration | 12–16 hours | — |
Duration | 12–20 hours | — |
Duration | 12–24 hours | — |
Duration | 12–28 hours | — |
Duration | 12–32 hours | — |
Duration | 12–36 hours | — |
Duration | 12–40 hours | — |
Duration | 12–44 hours | — |
Duration | 16–20 hours | — |
Duration | 16–24 hours | — |
Duration | 16–28 hours | — |
Duration | 16–32 hours | — |
Duration | 16–36 hours | — |
Duration | 16–40 hours | — |
Duration | 16–44 hours | — |
Duration | 16–48 hours | — |
Duration | 20–24 hours | — |
Duration | 20–28 hours | — |
Duration | 20–32 hours | — |
Duration | 20–36 hours | — |
Duration | 20–40 hours | — |
Duration | 20–44 hours | — |
Duration | 20–48 hours | — |
Duration | 24–28 hours | — |
Duration | 24–32 hours | — |
Duration | 24–36 hours | — |
Duration | 24–40 hours | — |
Duration | 24–44 hours | — |
Duration | 24–48 hours | — |
Duration | 28–32 hours | — |
Duration | 28–36 hours | — |
Duration | 28–40 hours | — |
Duration | 28–44 hours | — |
Duration | 28–48 hours | — |
Duration | 32–36 hours | — |
Duration | 32–40 hours | — |
Duration | 32–44 hours | — |
Duration | 32–48 hours | — |
Duration | 36–40 hours | — |
Duration | 36–44 hours | — |
Duration | 36–48 hours | — |
Duration | 40–44 hours | — |
Duration | 40–48 hours | — |
Duration | 44–48 hours | — |
Thickness | 2–2.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–3 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–3.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–4 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–4.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–5.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–6 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–6.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–7 mM | — |
Thickness | 2.5–8 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–3.5 mM | — |
Thickness | 3–4 mM | — |
Duration | 1–2 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–5 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–10 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–50 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–100 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–200 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–300 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–400 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 1–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–5 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–10 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–50 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–100 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–200 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–300 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–400 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 2–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–10 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–50 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–100 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–200 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–300 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–400 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 5–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 10–50 seconds | — |
Duration | 10–100 seconds | — |
Duration | 10–200 seconds | — |
Duration | 10–300 seconds | — |
Duration | 10–400 seconds | — |
Duration | 10–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 10–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 10–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 50–100 seconds | — |
Duration | 50–200 seconds | — |
Duration | 50–300 seconds | — |
Duration | 50–400 seconds | — |
Duration | 50–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 50–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 50–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 100–200 seconds | — |
Duration | 100–300 seconds | — |
Duration | 100–400 seconds | — |
Duration | 100–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 100–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 100–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 200–300 seconds | — |
Duration | 200–400 seconds | — |
Duration | 200–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 200–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 200–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 300–400 seconds | — |
Duration | 300–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 300–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 300–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 400–600 seconds | — |
Duration | 400–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 400–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 600–800 seconds | — |
Duration | 600–900 seconds | — |
Duration | 800–900 seconds | — |
Temperature | ≤ 300 °C | — |
Duration | ≤ 120 minutes | — |
Duration | ≤ 30 minutes | — |
Duration | ≤ 40 minutes | — |
Duration | ≤ 10 minutes | — |
Duration | ≤ 48 hours | — |
Duration | ≤ 12 hours | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 mM | — |
Duration | ≤ 900 seconds | — |
Duration | ≤ 1 second | — |
Temperature | ≤ 20 °C | — |
Thickness | ≥ 2 mM | — |
Duration | ≥ 30 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 10 minutes | — |
Pressure | ≥ 10 MPa | — |
Duration | ≥ 12 hours | — |
Duration | ≥ 1 second | — |
Temperature | ≥ 20 °C | — |