Patent
US 10,968,105LOW-TEMPERATURE PYROLYSIS OF ORGANIC ACID SALTS PROVIDING GRAPHENE RICH CARBONS
HELLER, Adam, LEE, Joo-Woon, EISENBERG, David
BOARD OF REGENTS, THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SYSTEM·US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,968,105Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 provides an overview of an example method of making a carbonaceous material. [0020] FIG s. 2A and 2B provide high-resolution transmission electron …
FIG. 2A and 2B. The micrographs and diffraction patterns show graphenic planes that are less stacked in the carbon formed at the lower temperature, with only …
FIG. 3. Shows the deconvoluted high-resolution XPS N(1 s) spectra of the 9.7 wt. % structural nitrogen-containing carbon (Panel A); the 3.1 wt. % structural …
FIG. 4) by powder X-ray diffraction (X'PERT theta-theta diffractometer, PANalytical, Westborough, MA, USA). [0038] Pyrolysis of LaNTA-H 2 0 and La 2 0 3 …
FIG. 5), shows that the nitrogen and oxygen are uniformly distributed in the 9.7 wt. % structural nitrogen- containing carbon. SVG …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of forming a carbonaceous material, the method comprising: heating, in the absence of air or oxygen, a salt comprising carbon, oxygen, and a one or more metal ions to a temperature between about 500 0 C and about 875 0 C to drive a chemical reaction involving the salt to form reaction products including the carbonaceous material and a carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide, the carbonaceous material comprising graphene sheets, contacting the reaction products with an organic acid or a mineral acid to dissolve the hexagonal metal oxide and form a liquid phase and a solid phase, the liquid phase comprising the metal ions and the solid phase comprising the carbonaceous material; separating the liquid phase and the solid phase; and drying the solid phase to form a dried carbonaceous material. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, the chemical reaction corresponding to pyrolysis of the salt. Original
The method of claim 1, further comprising: recycling the metal ions in the liquid phase by converting the metal ions to additional salt comprising carbon, oxygen, and the metal ions; and pyrolyzing the additional salt to form additional carbonaceous material comprising additional graphene sheets. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the organic acid or the mineral acid is an aqueous acid solution. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein a specific surface area of the dried carbonaceous material is about 400 m 2/g or more or between about 400 m 2/g and about 2000 m 2/g. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein a tap density of the dried carbonaceous material about 0.5 g/mL or more or between about 0.5 g/mL and about 1.5 g/mL. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphene sheets are not stacked or wherein the graphene sheets are in stacks comprising, on average, 2 to 20 sheets. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, the metal ions comprising a trivalent cation. Original
The method of claim 1, the carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide comprising yttrium, scandium, titanium, zirconium, thorium, tin, antimony, indium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten. Original
The method of claim 1, the carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide having a crystal lattice with a six fold axis of rotational symmetry. Original
The method of claim 1, the salt comprising a rare earth ion and the carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide comprising a rare earth oxide. Original
The method of claim 1, the salt further comprising nitrogen and the carbonaceous material further comprising nitrogen. Currently amended
-5. Canceled
Canceled
- 13. Canceled
Canceled
- 23. Canceled
Canceled
- 27. Canceled
Canceled
A method of forming a carbonaceous material, the method comprising: heating, in the absence of air or oxygen, a salt comprising carbon, oxygen, and a one or more metal ions to a temperature between about 500 ° C and about 875 ° C to drive a chemical reaction involving the salt to form reaction products including the carbonaceous material and a trivalent metal oxide, the carbonaceous material comprising graphene sheets. Currently amended
The method of claim 28, wherein [[:]] the chemical reaction corresponds to pyrolysis of the salt ° ° ° °,,,,,,, X 2 ?...,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,. Currently amended
The method of claim 28, wherein the temperature is between 500 0 C and 800 0 C. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the method further comprises: contacting the reaction products with an organic acid or a mineral acid to dissolve the trivalent metal oxide and form a liquid phase and a solid phase, the liquid phase comprising the metal ions and the solid phase comprising the carbonaceous material, SVG 16089290.11-06-2020.KH₆NGTEZDFLYX11.CLM.1.svg 0.44 4.06 Black and white New
The method of claim 28, wherein the graphene sheets are unstacked or not stacked or are in stacks comprising, on average, 2 to 20 sheets, 2 to 10 sheets, 2 to 5 sheets, or 2 to 4 sheets. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the metal ions comprise a trivalent cation. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the trivalent metal oxide comprises a carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide has a crystal lattice with a six fold axis of rotational symmetry. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the salt comprises a rare earth ion and the trivalent metal oxide comprises a rare earth oxide. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the salt comprises a lanthanum salt and the trivalent metal oxide comprises lanthanum oxide. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the salt comprises a nitri l otriacetate salt. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the salt comprises nitrogen. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the carbonaceous material comprises nitrogen. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the carbonaceous material comprises about 5 percent nitrogen by weight or more or between about 5 percent nitrogen by weight and about 15 percent nitrogen by weight. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the carbonaceous material comprises heterocyclic rings of atoms or 6 atoms. New
A method of forming a carbonaceous material, the method comprising: heating, in the absence of air or oxygen, a salt comprising carbon, oxygen, and one or more metal ions to a temperature between about 500 0 C and about 875 0 C to drive a chemical reaction involving the salt to form reaction products including the carbonaceous material and a carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide, the carbonaceous material comprising graphene sheets, wherein the metal ions comprise a trivalent cation. New
The method of claim 50, the chemical reaction corresponding to pyrolysis of the salt. New
The method of claim 50, further comprising: contacting the reaction products with an organic acid or a mineral acid to dissolve the hexagonal metal oxide and form a liquid phase and a solid phase, the liquid phase comprising the metal ions and the solid phase comprising the carbonaceous material; separating the liquid phase and the solid phase; and drying the solid phase to form a dried carbonaceous material. New
The method of claim 50, the graphene sheets not stacked or in stacks comprising, on average, 2 to 20 sheets. New
The method of claim 50, the carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide comprising yttrium, scandium, titanium, zirconium, thorium, tin, antimony, indium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten. New
The method of claim 50, the carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide having a crystal lattice with a six fold axis of rotational symmetry. New
The method of claim 50, the salt comprising a rare earth ion and the carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide comprising a rare earth oxide. New
The method of claim 50, the salt further comprising nitrogen and the carbonaceous material further comprising nitrogen. New
Materials described outside the worked examples.
carbonaceous material/graphene-rich carbon
carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 provides an overview of an example method of making a carbonaceous material. [0020] FIG s. 2A and 2B provide high-resolution transmission electron …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Specific Surface Area | 400–2000 m2/g | carbonaceous material/graphene-rich carbon |
Tap Density | 0.5–1.5 g/mL |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,968,105Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 provides an overview of an example method of making a carbonaceous material. [0020] FIG s. 2A and 2B provide high-resolution transmission electron …
FIG. 2A and 2B. The micrographs and diffraction patterns show graphenic planes that are less stacked in the carbon formed at the lower temperature, with only …
FIG. 3. Shows the deconvoluted high-resolution XPS N(1 s) spectra of the 9.7 wt. % structural nitrogen-containing carbon (Panel A); the 3.1 wt. % structural …
FIG. 4) by powder X-ray diffraction (X'PERT theta-theta diffractometer, PANalytical, Westborough, MA, USA). [0038] Pyrolysis of LaNTA-H 2 0 and La 2 0 3 …
FIG. 5), shows that the nitrogen and oxygen are uniformly distributed in the 9.7 wt. % structural nitrogen- containing carbon. SVG …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of forming a carbonaceous material, the method comprising: heating, in the absence of air or oxygen, a salt comprising carbon, oxygen, and a one or more metal ions to a temperature between about 500 0 C and about 875 0 C to drive a chemical reaction involving the salt to form reaction products including the carbonaceous material and a carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide, the carbonaceous material comprising graphene sheets, contacting the reaction products with an organic acid or a mineral acid to dissolve the hexagonal metal oxide and form a liquid phase and a solid phase, the liquid phase comprising the metal ions and the solid phase comprising the carbonaceous material; separating the liquid phase and the solid phase; and drying the solid phase to form a dried carbonaceous material. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, the chemical reaction corresponding to pyrolysis of the salt. Original
The method of claim 1, further comprising: recycling the metal ions in the liquid phase by converting the metal ions to additional salt comprising carbon, oxygen, and the metal ions; and pyrolyzing the additional salt to form additional carbonaceous material comprising additional graphene sheets. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the organic acid or the mineral acid is an aqueous acid solution. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein a specific surface area of the dried carbonaceous material is about 400 m 2/g or more or between about 400 m 2/g and about 2000 m 2/g. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein a tap density of the dried carbonaceous material about 0.5 g/mL or more or between about 0.5 g/mL and about 1.5 g/mL. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphene sheets are not stacked or wherein the graphene sheets are in stacks comprising, on average, 2 to 20 sheets. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, the metal ions comprising a trivalent cation. Original
The method of claim 1, the carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide comprising yttrium, scandium, titanium, zirconium, thorium, tin, antimony, indium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten. Original
The method of claim 1, the carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide having a crystal lattice with a six fold axis of rotational symmetry. Original
The method of claim 1, the salt comprising a rare earth ion and the carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide comprising a rare earth oxide. Original
The method of claim 1, the salt further comprising nitrogen and the carbonaceous material further comprising nitrogen. Currently amended
-5. Canceled
Canceled
- 13. Canceled
Canceled
- 23. Canceled
Canceled
- 27. Canceled
Canceled
A method of forming a carbonaceous material, the method comprising: heating, in the absence of air or oxygen, a salt comprising carbon, oxygen, and a one or more metal ions to a temperature between about 500 ° C and about 875 ° C to drive a chemical reaction involving the salt to form reaction products including the carbonaceous material and a trivalent metal oxide, the carbonaceous material comprising graphene sheets. Currently amended
The method of claim 28, wherein [[:]] the chemical reaction corresponds to pyrolysis of the salt ° ° ° °,,,,,,, X 2 ?...,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,. Currently amended
The method of claim 28, wherein the temperature is between 500 0 C and 800 0 C. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the method further comprises: contacting the reaction products with an organic acid or a mineral acid to dissolve the trivalent metal oxide and form a liquid phase and a solid phase, the liquid phase comprising the metal ions and the solid phase comprising the carbonaceous material, SVG 16089290.11-06-2020.KH₆NGTEZDFLYX11.CLM.1.svg 0.44 4.06 Black and white New
The method of claim 28, wherein the graphene sheets are unstacked or not stacked or are in stacks comprising, on average, 2 to 20 sheets, 2 to 10 sheets, 2 to 5 sheets, or 2 to 4 sheets. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the metal ions comprise a trivalent cation. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the trivalent metal oxide comprises a carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide has a crystal lattice with a six fold axis of rotational symmetry. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the salt comprises a rare earth ion and the trivalent metal oxide comprises a rare earth oxide. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the salt comprises a lanthanum salt and the trivalent metal oxide comprises lanthanum oxide. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the salt comprises a nitri l otriacetate salt. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the salt comprises nitrogen. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the carbonaceous material comprises nitrogen. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the carbonaceous material comprises about 5 percent nitrogen by weight or more or between about 5 percent nitrogen by weight and about 15 percent nitrogen by weight. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the carbonaceous material comprises heterocyclic rings of atoms or 6 atoms. New
A method of forming a carbonaceous material, the method comprising: heating, in the absence of air or oxygen, a salt comprising carbon, oxygen, and one or more metal ions to a temperature between about 500 0 C and about 875 0 C to drive a chemical reaction involving the salt to form reaction products including the carbonaceous material and a carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide, the carbonaceous material comprising graphene sheets, wherein the metal ions comprise a trivalent cation. New
The method of claim 50, the chemical reaction corresponding to pyrolysis of the salt. New
The method of claim 50, further comprising: contacting the reaction products with an organic acid or a mineral acid to dissolve the hexagonal metal oxide and form a liquid phase and a solid phase, the liquid phase comprising the metal ions and the solid phase comprising the carbonaceous material; separating the liquid phase and the solid phase; and drying the solid phase to form a dried carbonaceous material. New
The method of claim 50, the graphene sheets not stacked or in stacks comprising, on average, 2 to 20 sheets. New
The method of claim 50, the carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide comprising yttrium, scandium, titanium, zirconium, thorium, tin, antimony, indium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten. New
The method of claim 50, the carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide having a crystal lattice with a six fold axis of rotational symmetry. New
The method of claim 50, the salt comprising a rare earth ion and the carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide comprising a rare earth oxide. New
The method of claim 50, the salt further comprising nitrogen and the carbonaceous material further comprising nitrogen. New
Materials described outside the worked examples.
carbonaceous material/graphene-rich carbon
carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 provides an overview of an example method of making a carbonaceous material. [0020] FIG s. 2A and 2B provide high-resolution transmission electron …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Specific Surface Area | 400–2000 m2/g | carbonaceous material/graphene-rich carbon |
Tap Density | 0.5–1.5 g/mL |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,968,105Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 provides an overview of an example method of making a carbonaceous material. [0020] FIG s. 2A and 2B provide high-resolution transmission electron …
FIG. 2A and 2B. The micrographs and diffraction patterns show graphenic planes that are less stacked in the carbon formed at the lower temperature, with only …
FIG. 3. Shows the deconvoluted high-resolution XPS N(1 s) spectra of the 9.7 wt. % structural nitrogen-containing carbon (Panel A); the 3.1 wt. % structural …
FIG. 4) by powder X-ray diffraction (X'PERT theta-theta diffractometer, PANalytical, Westborough, MA, USA). [0038] Pyrolysis of LaNTA-H 2 0 and La 2 0 3 …
FIG. 5), shows that the nitrogen and oxygen are uniformly distributed in the 9.7 wt. % structural nitrogen- containing carbon. SVG …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of forming a carbonaceous material, the method comprising: heating, in the absence of air or oxygen, a salt comprising carbon, oxygen, and a one or more metal ions to a temperature between about 500 0 C and about 875 0 C to drive a chemical reaction involving the salt to form reaction products including the carbonaceous material and a carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide, the carbonaceous material comprising graphene sheets, contacting the reaction products with an organic acid or a mineral acid to dissolve the hexagonal metal oxide and form a liquid phase and a solid phase, the liquid phase comprising the metal ions and the solid phase comprising the carbonaceous material; separating the liquid phase and the solid phase; and drying the solid phase to form a dried carbonaceous material. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, the chemical reaction corresponding to pyrolysis of the salt. Original
The method of claim 1, further comprising: recycling the metal ions in the liquid phase by converting the metal ions to additional salt comprising carbon, oxygen, and the metal ions; and pyrolyzing the additional salt to form additional carbonaceous material comprising additional graphene sheets. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the organic acid or the mineral acid is an aqueous acid solution. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein a specific surface area of the dried carbonaceous material is about 400 m 2/g or more or between about 400 m 2/g and about 2000 m 2/g. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein a tap density of the dried carbonaceous material about 0.5 g/mL or more or between about 0.5 g/mL and about 1.5 g/mL. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphene sheets are not stacked or wherein the graphene sheets are in stacks comprising, on average, 2 to 20 sheets. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, the metal ions comprising a trivalent cation. Original
The method of claim 1, the carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide comprising yttrium, scandium, titanium, zirconium, thorium, tin, antimony, indium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten. Original
The method of claim 1, the carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide having a crystal lattice with a six fold axis of rotational symmetry. Original
The method of claim 1, the salt comprising a rare earth ion and the carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide comprising a rare earth oxide. Original
The method of claim 1, the salt further comprising nitrogen and the carbonaceous material further comprising nitrogen. Currently amended
-5. Canceled
Canceled
- 13. Canceled
Canceled
- 23. Canceled
Canceled
- 27. Canceled
Canceled
A method of forming a carbonaceous material, the method comprising: heating, in the absence of air or oxygen, a salt comprising carbon, oxygen, and a one or more metal ions to a temperature between about 500 ° C and about 875 ° C to drive a chemical reaction involving the salt to form reaction products including the carbonaceous material and a trivalent metal oxide, the carbonaceous material comprising graphene sheets. Currently amended
The method of claim 28, wherein [[:]] the chemical reaction corresponds to pyrolysis of the salt ° ° ° °,,,,,,, X 2 ?...,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,. Currently amended
The method of claim 28, wherein the temperature is between 500 0 C and 800 0 C. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the method further comprises: contacting the reaction products with an organic acid or a mineral acid to dissolve the trivalent metal oxide and form a liquid phase and a solid phase, the liquid phase comprising the metal ions and the solid phase comprising the carbonaceous material, SVG 16089290.11-06-2020.KH₆NGTEZDFLYX11.CLM.1.svg 0.44 4.06 Black and white New
The method of claim 28, wherein the graphene sheets are unstacked or not stacked or are in stacks comprising, on average, 2 to 20 sheets, 2 to 10 sheets, 2 to 5 sheets, or 2 to 4 sheets. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the metal ions comprise a trivalent cation. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the trivalent metal oxide comprises a carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide has a crystal lattice with a six fold axis of rotational symmetry. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the salt comprises a rare earth ion and the trivalent metal oxide comprises a rare earth oxide. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the salt comprises a lanthanum salt and the trivalent metal oxide comprises lanthanum oxide. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the salt comprises a nitri l otriacetate salt. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the salt comprises nitrogen. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the carbonaceous material comprises nitrogen. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the carbonaceous material comprises about 5 percent nitrogen by weight or more or between about 5 percent nitrogen by weight and about 15 percent nitrogen by weight. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the carbonaceous material comprises heterocyclic rings of atoms or 6 atoms. New
A method of forming a carbonaceous material, the method comprising: heating, in the absence of air or oxygen, a salt comprising carbon, oxygen, and one or more metal ions to a temperature between about 500 0 C and about 875 0 C to drive a chemical reaction involving the salt to form reaction products including the carbonaceous material and a carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide, the carbonaceous material comprising graphene sheets, wherein the metal ions comprise a trivalent cation. New
The method of claim 50, the chemical reaction corresponding to pyrolysis of the salt. New
The method of claim 50, further comprising: contacting the reaction products with an organic acid or a mineral acid to dissolve the hexagonal metal oxide and form a liquid phase and a solid phase, the liquid phase comprising the metal ions and the solid phase comprising the carbonaceous material; separating the liquid phase and the solid phase; and drying the solid phase to form a dried carbonaceous material. New
The method of claim 50, the graphene sheets not stacked or in stacks comprising, on average, 2 to 20 sheets. New
The method of claim 50, the carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide comprising yttrium, scandium, titanium, zirconium, thorium, tin, antimony, indium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten. New
The method of claim 50, the carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide having a crystal lattice with a six fold axis of rotational symmetry. New
The method of claim 50, the salt comprising a rare earth ion and the carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide comprising a rare earth oxide. New
The method of claim 50, the salt further comprising nitrogen and the carbonaceous material further comprising nitrogen. New
Materials described outside the worked examples.
carbonaceous material/graphene-rich carbon
carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 provides an overview of an example method of making a carbonaceous material. [0020] FIG s. 2A and 2B provide high-resolution transmission electron …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Specific Surface Area | 400–2000 m2/g | carbonaceous material/graphene-rich carbon |
Tap Density | 0.5–1.5 g/mL |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,968,105Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 provides an overview of an example method of making a carbonaceous material. [0020] FIG s. 2A and 2B provide high-resolution transmission electron …
FIG. 2A and 2B. The micrographs and diffraction patterns show graphenic planes that are less stacked in the carbon formed at the lower temperature, with only …
FIG. 3. Shows the deconvoluted high-resolution XPS N(1 s) spectra of the 9.7 wt. % structural nitrogen-containing carbon (Panel A); the 3.1 wt. % structural …
FIG. 4) by powder X-ray diffraction (X'PERT theta-theta diffractometer, PANalytical, Westborough, MA, USA). [0038] Pyrolysis of LaNTA-H 2 0 and La 2 0 3 …
FIG. 5), shows that the nitrogen and oxygen are uniformly distributed in the 9.7 wt. % structural nitrogen- containing carbon. SVG …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of forming a carbonaceous material, the method comprising: heating, in the absence of air or oxygen, a salt comprising carbon, oxygen, and a one or more metal ions to a temperature between about 500 0 C and about 875 0 C to drive a chemical reaction involving the salt to form reaction products including the carbonaceous material and a carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide, the carbonaceous material comprising graphene sheets, contacting the reaction products with an organic acid or a mineral acid to dissolve the hexagonal metal oxide and form a liquid phase and a solid phase, the liquid phase comprising the metal ions and the solid phase comprising the carbonaceous material; separating the liquid phase and the solid phase; and drying the solid phase to form a dried carbonaceous material. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, the chemical reaction corresponding to pyrolysis of the salt. Original
The method of claim 1, further comprising: recycling the metal ions in the liquid phase by converting the metal ions to additional salt comprising carbon, oxygen, and the metal ions; and pyrolyzing the additional salt to form additional carbonaceous material comprising additional graphene sheets. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the organic acid or the mineral acid is an aqueous acid solution. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein a specific surface area of the dried carbonaceous material is about 400 m 2/g or more or between about 400 m 2/g and about 2000 m 2/g. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein a tap density of the dried carbonaceous material about 0.5 g/mL or more or between about 0.5 g/mL and about 1.5 g/mL. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphene sheets are not stacked or wherein the graphene sheets are in stacks comprising, on average, 2 to 20 sheets. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, the metal ions comprising a trivalent cation. Original
The method of claim 1, the carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide comprising yttrium, scandium, titanium, zirconium, thorium, tin, antimony, indium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten. Original
The method of claim 1, the carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide having a crystal lattice with a six fold axis of rotational symmetry. Original
The method of claim 1, the salt comprising a rare earth ion and the carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide comprising a rare earth oxide. Original
The method of claim 1, the salt further comprising nitrogen and the carbonaceous material further comprising nitrogen. Currently amended
-5. Canceled
Canceled
- 13. Canceled
Canceled
- 23. Canceled
Canceled
- 27. Canceled
Canceled
A method of forming a carbonaceous material, the method comprising: heating, in the absence of air or oxygen, a salt comprising carbon, oxygen, and a one or more metal ions to a temperature between about 500 ° C and about 875 ° C to drive a chemical reaction involving the salt to form reaction products including the carbonaceous material and a trivalent metal oxide, the carbonaceous material comprising graphene sheets. Currently amended
The method of claim 28, wherein [[:]] the chemical reaction corresponds to pyrolysis of the salt ° ° ° °,,,,,,, X 2 ?...,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,. Currently amended
The method of claim 28, wherein the temperature is between 500 0 C and 800 0 C. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the method further comprises: contacting the reaction products with an organic acid or a mineral acid to dissolve the trivalent metal oxide and form a liquid phase and a solid phase, the liquid phase comprising the metal ions and the solid phase comprising the carbonaceous material, SVG 16089290.11-06-2020.KH₆NGTEZDFLYX11.CLM.1.svg 0.44 4.06 Black and white New
The method of claim 28, wherein the graphene sheets are unstacked or not stacked or are in stacks comprising, on average, 2 to 20 sheets, 2 to 10 sheets, 2 to 5 sheets, or 2 to 4 sheets. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the metal ions comprise a trivalent cation. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the trivalent metal oxide comprises a carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide has a crystal lattice with a six fold axis of rotational symmetry. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the salt comprises a rare earth ion and the trivalent metal oxide comprises a rare earth oxide. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the salt comprises a lanthanum salt and the trivalent metal oxide comprises lanthanum oxide. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the salt comprises a nitri l otriacetate salt. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the salt comprises nitrogen. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the carbonaceous material comprises nitrogen. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the carbonaceous material comprises about 5 percent nitrogen by weight or more or between about 5 percent nitrogen by weight and about 15 percent nitrogen by weight. New
The method of claim 28, wherein the carbonaceous material comprises heterocyclic rings of atoms or 6 atoms. New
A method of forming a carbonaceous material, the method comprising: heating, in the absence of air or oxygen, a salt comprising carbon, oxygen, and one or more metal ions to a temperature between about 500 0 C and about 875 0 C to drive a chemical reaction involving the salt to form reaction products including the carbonaceous material and a carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide, the carbonaceous material comprising graphene sheets, wherein the metal ions comprise a trivalent cation. New
The method of claim 50, the chemical reaction corresponding to pyrolysis of the salt. New
The method of claim 50, further comprising: contacting the reaction products with an organic acid or a mineral acid to dissolve the hexagonal metal oxide and form a liquid phase and a solid phase, the liquid phase comprising the metal ions and the solid phase comprising the carbonaceous material; separating the liquid phase and the solid phase; and drying the solid phase to form a dried carbonaceous material. New
The method of claim 50, the graphene sheets not stacked or in stacks comprising, on average, 2 to 20 sheets. New
The method of claim 50, the carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide comprising yttrium, scandium, titanium, zirconium, thorium, tin, antimony, indium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten. New
The method of claim 50, the carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide having a crystal lattice with a six fold axis of rotational symmetry. New
The method of claim 50, the salt comprising a rare earth ion and the carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide comprising a rare earth oxide. New
The method of claim 50, the salt further comprising nitrogen and the carbonaceous material further comprising nitrogen. New
Materials described outside the worked examples.
carbonaceous material/graphene-rich carbon
carbon templating hexagonal metal oxide
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 provides an overview of an example method of making a carbonaceous material. [0020] FIG s. 2A and 2B provide high-resolution transmission electron …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Specific Surface Area | 400–2000 m2/g | carbonaceous material/graphene-rich carbon |
Tap Density | 0.5–1.5 g/mL |
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salt comprising carbon, oxygen, and metal ions
lanthanum salt
lanthanum oxide
La₂O₃
neodymium oxide
cerium oxide
trivalent metal oxide
nitrilotriacetate salt
lanthanum nitrilotriacetate (LaNTA)
FIG. 3. Shows the deconvoluted high-resolution XPS N(1 s) spectra of the 9.7 wt. % structural nitrogen-containing carbon (Panel A); the 3.1 wt. % structural …
Nitrogen Content Weight Percent | 5–15 wt% | carbonaceous material/graphene-rich carbon |
Specific Surface Area | ≥ 400 m2/g | carbonaceous material/graphene-rich carbon |
Tap Density | ≥ 0.5 g/mL | carbonaceous material/graphene-rich carbon |
Nitrogen Content Weight Percent | 7–12 wt% | carbonaceous material/graphene-rich carbon |
Temperature | 500–875 °C | — |
Temperature | 500–800 °C | — |
Temperature | ≤ 875 °C | — |
Temperature | ≤ 800 °C | — |
salt comprising carbon, oxygen, and metal ions
lanthanum salt
lanthanum oxide
La₂O₃
neodymium oxide
cerium oxide
trivalent metal oxide
nitrilotriacetate salt
lanthanum nitrilotriacetate (LaNTA)
FIG. 3. Shows the deconvoluted high-resolution XPS N(1 s) spectra of the 9.7 wt. % structural nitrogen-containing carbon (Panel A); the 3.1 wt. % structural …
Nitrogen Content Weight Percent | 5–15 wt% | carbonaceous material/graphene-rich carbon |
Specific Surface Area | ≥ 400 m2/g | carbonaceous material/graphene-rich carbon |
Tap Density | ≥ 0.5 g/mL | carbonaceous material/graphene-rich carbon |
Nitrogen Content Weight Percent | 7–12 wt% | carbonaceous material/graphene-rich carbon |
Temperature | 500–875 °C | — |
Temperature | 500–800 °C | — |
Temperature | ≤ 875 °C | — |
Temperature | ≤ 800 °C | — |
salt comprising carbon, oxygen, and metal ions
lanthanum salt
lanthanum oxide
La₂O₃
neodymium oxide
cerium oxide
trivalent metal oxide
nitrilotriacetate salt
lanthanum nitrilotriacetate (LaNTA)
FIG. 3. Shows the deconvoluted high-resolution XPS N(1 s) spectra of the 9.7 wt. % structural nitrogen-containing carbon (Panel A); the 3.1 wt. % structural …
Nitrogen Content Weight Percent | 5–15 wt% | carbonaceous material/graphene-rich carbon |
Specific Surface Area | ≥ 400 m2/g | carbonaceous material/graphene-rich carbon |
Tap Density | ≥ 0.5 g/mL | carbonaceous material/graphene-rich carbon |
Nitrogen Content Weight Percent | 7–12 wt% | carbonaceous material/graphene-rich carbon |
Temperature | 500–875 °C | — |
Temperature | 500–800 °C | — |
Temperature | ≤ 875 °C | — |
Temperature | ≤ 800 °C | — |
salt comprising carbon, oxygen, and metal ions
lanthanum salt
lanthanum oxide
La₂O₃
neodymium oxide
cerium oxide
trivalent metal oxide
nitrilotriacetate salt
lanthanum nitrilotriacetate (LaNTA)
FIG. 3. Shows the deconvoluted high-resolution XPS N(1 s) spectra of the 9.7 wt. % structural nitrogen-containing carbon (Panel A); the 3.1 wt. % structural …
Nitrogen Content Weight Percent | 5–15 wt% | carbonaceous material/graphene-rich carbon |
Specific Surface Area | ≥ 400 m2/g | carbonaceous material/graphene-rich carbon |
Tap Density | ≥ 0.5 g/mL | carbonaceous material/graphene-rich carbon |
Nitrogen Content Weight Percent | 7–12 wt% | carbonaceous material/graphene-rich carbon |
Temperature | 500–875 °C | — |
Temperature | 500–800 °C | — |
Temperature | ≤ 875 °C | — |
Temperature | ≤ 800 °C | — |