Patent
US 9,803,067EFFECT OF MODIFIED GRAP HE NE AND MICROWAVE IRRADIATION ON T HE
Mamdouh Ahmed AL-HARTHI
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,803,067Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of chemical oxidation of graphene using nitric acid.
FIG. 2 is schematic representation of improvement of interaction between graphene and polymer matrices through chemical oxidation and microwave irradiation.
FIG. 3C is a graph showing FTIR spectra of control P(S-co-MMA) and non-irradiated and irradiated poly(styrene-co-methyl m ethacrylate)/modified graphene (PMG = …
FIG. 4B is a graph showing Raman spectra of non-irradiated and ir r adiated PG and PMG.
FIG. 5B is a graph showing X-ray diffraction of non-irradiated and irradiated PG and PMG.
FIG. 6A is a graph showing storage modulus of control P(S-co-MMA), and non- irradiated PG and PMG.
FIG. 7A is a graph showing glass transition temperature observed from DSC for control P(S-co- MMA), and non-irradiated and irradiated PG.
FIG. 8 F is an SEM image of a 10 minute irradiated sample of PMG.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
Claims 1-13. Canceled
Canceled
A graphene/polystyrene nanocomposite composition, comprising: graphene nanoparticles and a poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate), wherein a content ratio (weight/weight) of styrene to methyl methacrylate in the poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrvlate) the graphene nanoparticles are dispersed in the wherein the graphene nanoparticles are thermally Currently amended
The nanocomposite composition of claim 14, intensity level of the D band at 1357 cm- 1 ranging the G band at 1583 cm⁻¹ of from 2050 to 2200.
The nanocomposite composition of claim 14, nanocomposite composition is from 1800 to 2200 40 0 C. Currently amended
The nanocomposite composition of claim 14, nanocomposite composition is from 92.0 to 106.0
The nanocomposite composition of claim 14, crystal lattice structure with layer to layer spacing from 0.35 to 0.55 nm. Currently amended
The nanocomposite composition of claim 14, is from 0.05 to 0.125 wt % based on 100 wt % of Currently amended is from 50-90/20-40, wherein poly(styrene-co- methylmethacrylate), and oxidized and have surface carboxyl groups. wherein the nanocomposite composition has an from 2000 to 2200 and an intensity level of Currently amended wherein the storage modulus of the MPa at 100 0 C and from 1400 to 1800 MPa at wherein the glass transition temperature of the °C. Currently amended wherein the nanocomposite composition has a of the graphene nanoparticles in the range of wherein a content of the graphene nanoparticles the poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate).
Canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene nanoparticles (oxidized/modified)
poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate)
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 3C is a graph showing FTIR spectra of control P(S-co-MMA) and non-irradiated and irradiated poly(styrene-co-methyl m ethacrylate)/modified graphene (PMG = …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
C=O absorption band (FTIR) of P(S-co-MMA)/graphene nanocomposites | 1725 cm⁻¹ | graphene/poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) nanocomposite |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,803,067Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of chemical oxidation of graphene using nitric acid.
FIG. 2 is schematic representation of improvement of interaction between graphene and polymer matrices through chemical oxidation and microwave irradiation.
FIG. 3C is a graph showing FTIR spectra of control P(S-co-MMA) and non-irradiated and irradiated poly(styrene-co-methyl m ethacrylate)/modified graphene (PMG = …
FIG. 4B is a graph showing Raman spectra of non-irradiated and ir r adiated PG and PMG.
FIG. 5B is a graph showing X-ray diffraction of non-irradiated and irradiated PG and PMG.
FIG. 6A is a graph showing storage modulus of control P(S-co-MMA), and non- irradiated PG and PMG.
FIG. 7A is a graph showing glass transition temperature observed from DSC for control P(S-co- MMA), and non-irradiated and irradiated PG.
FIG. 8 F is an SEM image of a 10 minute irradiated sample of PMG.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
Claims 1-13. Canceled
Canceled
A graphene/polystyrene nanocomposite composition, comprising: graphene nanoparticles and a poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate), wherein a content ratio (weight/weight) of styrene to methyl methacrylate in the poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrvlate) the graphene nanoparticles are dispersed in the wherein the graphene nanoparticles are thermally Currently amended
The nanocomposite composition of claim 14, intensity level of the D band at 1357 cm- 1 ranging the G band at 1583 cm⁻¹ of from 2050 to 2200.
The nanocomposite composition of claim 14, nanocomposite composition is from 1800 to 2200 40 0 C. Currently amended
The nanocomposite composition of claim 14, nanocomposite composition is from 92.0 to 106.0
The nanocomposite composition of claim 14, crystal lattice structure with layer to layer spacing from 0.35 to 0.55 nm. Currently amended
The nanocomposite composition of claim 14, is from 0.05 to 0.125 wt % based on 100 wt % of Currently amended is from 50-90/20-40, wherein poly(styrene-co- methylmethacrylate), and oxidized and have surface carboxyl groups. wherein the nanocomposite composition has an from 2000 to 2200 and an intensity level of Currently amended wherein the storage modulus of the MPa at 100 0 C and from 1400 to 1800 MPa at wherein the glass transition temperature of the °C. Currently amended wherein the nanocomposite composition has a of the graphene nanoparticles in the range of wherein a content of the graphene nanoparticles the poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate).
Canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene nanoparticles (oxidized/modified)
poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate)
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 3C is a graph showing FTIR spectra of control P(S-co-MMA) and non-irradiated and irradiated poly(styrene-co-methyl m ethacrylate)/modified graphene (PMG = …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
C=O absorption band (FTIR) of P(S-co-MMA)/graphene nanocomposites | 1725 cm⁻¹ | graphene/poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) nanocomposite |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,803,067Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of chemical oxidation of graphene using nitric acid.
FIG. 2 is schematic representation of improvement of interaction between graphene and polymer matrices through chemical oxidation and microwave irradiation.
FIG. 3C is a graph showing FTIR spectra of control P(S-co-MMA) and non-irradiated and irradiated poly(styrene-co-methyl m ethacrylate)/modified graphene (PMG = …
FIG. 4B is a graph showing Raman spectra of non-irradiated and ir r adiated PG and PMG.
FIG. 5B is a graph showing X-ray diffraction of non-irradiated and irradiated PG and PMG.
FIG. 6A is a graph showing storage modulus of control P(S-co-MMA), and non- irradiated PG and PMG.
FIG. 7A is a graph showing glass transition temperature observed from DSC for control P(S-co- MMA), and non-irradiated and irradiated PG.
FIG. 8 F is an SEM image of a 10 minute irradiated sample of PMG.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
Claims 1-13. Canceled
Canceled
A graphene/polystyrene nanocomposite composition, comprising: graphene nanoparticles and a poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate), wherein a content ratio (weight/weight) of styrene to methyl methacrylate in the poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrvlate) the graphene nanoparticles are dispersed in the wherein the graphene nanoparticles are thermally Currently amended
The nanocomposite composition of claim 14, intensity level of the D band at 1357 cm- 1 ranging the G band at 1583 cm⁻¹ of from 2050 to 2200.
The nanocomposite composition of claim 14, nanocomposite composition is from 1800 to 2200 40 0 C. Currently amended
The nanocomposite composition of claim 14, nanocomposite composition is from 92.0 to 106.0
The nanocomposite composition of claim 14, crystal lattice structure with layer to layer spacing from 0.35 to 0.55 nm. Currently amended
The nanocomposite composition of claim 14, is from 0.05 to 0.125 wt % based on 100 wt % of Currently amended is from 50-90/20-40, wherein poly(styrene-co- methylmethacrylate), and oxidized and have surface carboxyl groups. wherein the nanocomposite composition has an from 2000 to 2200 and an intensity level of Currently amended wherein the storage modulus of the MPa at 100 0 C and from 1400 to 1800 MPa at wherein the glass transition temperature of the °C. Currently amended wherein the nanocomposite composition has a of the graphene nanoparticles in the range of wherein a content of the graphene nanoparticles the poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate).
Canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene nanoparticles (oxidized/modified)
poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate)
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 3C is a graph showing FTIR spectra of control P(S-co-MMA) and non-irradiated and irradiated poly(styrene-co-methyl m ethacrylate)/modified graphene (PMG = …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
C=O absorption band (FTIR) of P(S-co-MMA)/graphene nanocomposites | 1725 cm⁻¹ | graphene/poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) nanocomposite |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,803,067Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of chemical oxidation of graphene using nitric acid.
FIG. 2 is schematic representation of improvement of interaction between graphene and polymer matrices through chemical oxidation and microwave irradiation.
FIG. 3C is a graph showing FTIR spectra of control P(S-co-MMA) and non-irradiated and irradiated poly(styrene-co-methyl m ethacrylate)/modified graphene (PMG = …
FIG. 4B is a graph showing Raman spectra of non-irradiated and ir r adiated PG and PMG.
FIG. 5B is a graph showing X-ray diffraction of non-irradiated and irradiated PG and PMG.
FIG. 6A is a graph showing storage modulus of control P(S-co-MMA), and non- irradiated PG and PMG.
FIG. 7A is a graph showing glass transition temperature observed from DSC for control P(S-co- MMA), and non-irradiated and irradiated PG.
FIG. 8 F is an SEM image of a 10 minute irradiated sample of PMG.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
Claims 1-13. Canceled
Canceled
A graphene/polystyrene nanocomposite composition, comprising: graphene nanoparticles and a poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate), wherein a content ratio (weight/weight) of styrene to methyl methacrylate in the poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrvlate) the graphene nanoparticles are dispersed in the wherein the graphene nanoparticles are thermally Currently amended
The nanocomposite composition of claim 14, intensity level of the D band at 1357 cm- 1 ranging the G band at 1583 cm⁻¹ of from 2050 to 2200.
The nanocomposite composition of claim 14, nanocomposite composition is from 1800 to 2200 40 0 C. Currently amended
The nanocomposite composition of claim 14, nanocomposite composition is from 92.0 to 106.0
The nanocomposite composition of claim 14, crystal lattice structure with layer to layer spacing from 0.35 to 0.55 nm. Currently amended
The nanocomposite composition of claim 14, is from 0.05 to 0.125 wt % based on 100 wt % of Currently amended is from 50-90/20-40, wherein poly(styrene-co- methylmethacrylate), and oxidized and have surface carboxyl groups. wherein the nanocomposite composition has an from 2000 to 2200 and an intensity level of Currently amended wherein the storage modulus of the MPa at 100 0 C and from 1400 to 1800 MPa at wherein the glass transition temperature of the °C. Currently amended wherein the nanocomposite composition has a of the graphene nanoparticles in the range of wherein a content of the graphene nanoparticles the poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate).
Canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene nanoparticles (oxidized/modified)
poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate)
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 3C is a graph showing FTIR spectra of control P(S-co-MMA) and non-irradiated and irradiated poly(styrene-co-methyl m ethacrylate)/modified graphene (PMG = …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
C=O absorption band (FTIR) of P(S-co-MMA)/graphene nanocomposites | 1725 cm⁻¹ | graphene/poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) nanocomposite |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
graphene/poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) nanocomposite
nitric acid
HNO₃
benzoyl peroxide
FIG. 3C is a graph showing FTIR spectra of control P(S-co-MMA) and non-irradiated and irradiated poly(styrene-co-methyl m ethacrylate)/modified graphene (PMG = …
FIG. 4B is a graph showing Raman spectra of non-irradiated and ir r adiated PG and PMG.
FIG. 4B is a graph showing Raman spectra of non-irradiated and ir r adiated PG and PMG.
FIG. 5B is a graph showing X-ray diffraction of non-irradiated and irradiated PG and PMG.
FIG. 6A is a graph showing storage modulus of control P(S-co-MMA), and non- irradiated PG and PMG.
FIG. 7A is a graph showing glass transition temperature observed from DSC for control P(S-co- MMA), and non-irradiated and irradiated PG.
FIG. 8 F is an SEM image of a 10 minute irradiated sample of PMG.
| 1600 cm⁻¹ |
graphene/poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) nanocomposite |
D band (Raman) of graphene | 1357 cm⁻¹ | graphene nanoparticles (oxidized/modified) |
D band (Raman) of modified graphene | 1357 cm⁻¹ | graphene nanoparticles (oxidized/modified) |
D band (Raman) of P(S-co-MMA)/graphene | 1357 cm⁻¹ | graphene/poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) nanocomposite |
D band (Raman) of P(S-co-MMA)/modified graphene | 1357 cm⁻¹ | graphene/poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) nanocomposite |
D band (Raman) of irradiated P(S-co-MMA)/graphene | 1357 cm⁻¹ | graphene/poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) nanocomposite |
D band (Raman) of irradiated P(S-co-MMA)/modified graphene | 1357 cm⁻¹ | graphene/poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) nanocomposite |
Layer-to-layer spacing of graphene nanoparticles (claimed range) | — | graphene nanoparticles (oxidized/modified) |
Pressure | 1462–1636 MPa | — |
Pressure | 1603–2048 MPa | — |
Temperature | 95.14–100.04 °C | — |
Thickness | 50–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 1500–1725 cm | — |
Pressure | ≤ 97 MPa | — |
Duration | 4–8 hours | — |
Duration | 5–6 hours | — |
Duration | 20–40 hours | — |
Duration | 23–27 hours | — |
Duration | 24–26 hours | — |
Temperature | 100–140 °C | — |
Temperature | 110–130 °C | — |
Duration | 30–60 hours | — |
Duration | 40–55 hours | — |
Duration | 45–50 hours | — |
Temperature | 80–120 °C | — |
Temperature | 160–200 °C | — |
Temperature | 170–190 °C | — |
Temperature | 120–160 °C | — |
Temperature | 130–150 °C | — |
Pressure | 80–110 MPa | — |
Pressure | 95–105 MPa | — |
Thickness | 0.8–1.2 mm | — |
Thickness | 0.9–1.1 mm | — |
Duration | 2–19 minutes | — |
Duration | 5–15 minutes | — |
Duration | 8–12 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–80 seconds | — |
Duration | 50–70 seconds | — |
Duration | 100–140 seconds | — |
Duration | 110–130 seconds | — |
Thickness | 0.35–0.55 nm | — |
Pressure | 1900–2100 MPa | — |
Pressure | 1600–1700 MPa | — |
Temperature | 90–100 °C | — |
Temperature | 92–98 °C | — |
Temperature | 93–96 °C | — |
Temperature | 2–6 °C | — |
Temperature | 3–5.5 °C | — |
Temperature | 4–5 °C | — |
Temperature | 92–106 °C | — |
Temperature | 97–105 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–103 °C | — |
Pressure | 1400–1800 MPa | — |
Graphene Core For A Golf Ball
graphene/poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) nanocomposite
nitric acid
HNO₃
benzoyl peroxide
FIG. 3C is a graph showing FTIR spectra of control P(S-co-MMA) and non-irradiated and irradiated poly(styrene-co-methyl m ethacrylate)/modified graphene (PMG = …
FIG. 4B is a graph showing Raman spectra of non-irradiated and ir r adiated PG and PMG.
FIG. 4B is a graph showing Raman spectra of non-irradiated and ir r adiated PG and PMG.
FIG. 5B is a graph showing X-ray diffraction of non-irradiated and irradiated PG and PMG.
FIG. 6A is a graph showing storage modulus of control P(S-co-MMA), and non- irradiated PG and PMG.
FIG. 7A is a graph showing glass transition temperature observed from DSC for control P(S-co- MMA), and non-irradiated and irradiated PG.
FIG. 8 F is an SEM image of a 10 minute irradiated sample of PMG.
| 1600 cm⁻¹ |
graphene/poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) nanocomposite |
D band (Raman) of graphene | 1357 cm⁻¹ | graphene nanoparticles (oxidized/modified) |
D band (Raman) of modified graphene | 1357 cm⁻¹ | graphene nanoparticles (oxidized/modified) |
D band (Raman) of P(S-co-MMA)/graphene | 1357 cm⁻¹ | graphene/poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) nanocomposite |
D band (Raman) of P(S-co-MMA)/modified graphene | 1357 cm⁻¹ | graphene/poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) nanocomposite |
D band (Raman) of irradiated P(S-co-MMA)/graphene | 1357 cm⁻¹ | graphene/poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) nanocomposite |
D band (Raman) of irradiated P(S-co-MMA)/modified graphene | 1357 cm⁻¹ | graphene/poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) nanocomposite |
Layer-to-layer spacing of graphene nanoparticles (claimed range) | — | graphene nanoparticles (oxidized/modified) |
Pressure | 1462–1636 MPa | — |
Pressure | 1603–2048 MPa | — |
Temperature | 95.14–100.04 °C | — |
Thickness | 50–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 1500–1725 cm | — |
Pressure | ≤ 97 MPa | — |
Duration | 4–8 hours | — |
Duration | 5–6 hours | — |
Duration | 20–40 hours | — |
Duration | 23–27 hours | — |
Duration | 24–26 hours | — |
Temperature | 100–140 °C | — |
Temperature | 110–130 °C | — |
Duration | 30–60 hours | — |
Duration | 40–55 hours | — |
Duration | 45–50 hours | — |
Temperature | 80–120 °C | — |
Temperature | 160–200 °C | — |
Temperature | 170–190 °C | — |
Temperature | 120–160 °C | — |
Temperature | 130–150 °C | — |
Pressure | 80–110 MPa | — |
Pressure | 95–105 MPa | — |
Thickness | 0.8–1.2 mm | — |
Thickness | 0.9–1.1 mm | — |
Duration | 2–19 minutes | — |
Duration | 5–15 minutes | — |
Duration | 8–12 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–80 seconds | — |
Duration | 50–70 seconds | — |
Duration | 100–140 seconds | — |
Duration | 110–130 seconds | — |
Thickness | 0.35–0.55 nm | — |
Pressure | 1900–2100 MPa | — |
Pressure | 1600–1700 MPa | — |
Temperature | 90–100 °C | — |
Temperature | 92–98 °C | — |
Temperature | 93–96 °C | — |
Temperature | 2–6 °C | — |
Temperature | 3–5.5 °C | — |
Temperature | 4–5 °C | — |
Temperature | 92–106 °C | — |
Temperature | 97–105 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–103 °C | — |
Pressure | 1400–1800 MPa | — |
Graphene Core For A Golf Ball
graphene/poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) nanocomposite
nitric acid
HNO₃
benzoyl peroxide
FIG. 3C is a graph showing FTIR spectra of control P(S-co-MMA) and non-irradiated and irradiated poly(styrene-co-methyl m ethacrylate)/modified graphene (PMG = …
FIG. 4B is a graph showing Raman spectra of non-irradiated and ir r adiated PG and PMG.
FIG. 4B is a graph showing Raman spectra of non-irradiated and ir r adiated PG and PMG.
FIG. 5B is a graph showing X-ray diffraction of non-irradiated and irradiated PG and PMG.
FIG. 6A is a graph showing storage modulus of control P(S-co-MMA), and non- irradiated PG and PMG.
FIG. 7A is a graph showing glass transition temperature observed from DSC for control P(S-co- MMA), and non-irradiated and irradiated PG.
FIG. 8 F is an SEM image of a 10 minute irradiated sample of PMG.
| 1600 cm⁻¹ |
graphene/poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) nanocomposite |
D band (Raman) of graphene | 1357 cm⁻¹ | graphene nanoparticles (oxidized/modified) |
D band (Raman) of modified graphene | 1357 cm⁻¹ | graphene nanoparticles (oxidized/modified) |
D band (Raman) of P(S-co-MMA)/graphene | 1357 cm⁻¹ | graphene/poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) nanocomposite |
D band (Raman) of P(S-co-MMA)/modified graphene | 1357 cm⁻¹ | graphene/poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) nanocomposite |
D band (Raman) of irradiated P(S-co-MMA)/graphene | 1357 cm⁻¹ | graphene/poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) nanocomposite |
D band (Raman) of irradiated P(S-co-MMA)/modified graphene | 1357 cm⁻¹ | graphene/poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) nanocomposite |
Layer-to-layer spacing of graphene nanoparticles (claimed range) | — | graphene nanoparticles (oxidized/modified) |
Pressure | 1462–1636 MPa | — |
Pressure | 1603–2048 MPa | — |
Temperature | 95.14–100.04 °C | — |
Thickness | 50–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 1500–1725 cm | — |
Pressure | ≤ 97 MPa | — |
Duration | 4–8 hours | — |
Duration | 5–6 hours | — |
Duration | 20–40 hours | — |
Duration | 23–27 hours | — |
Duration | 24–26 hours | — |
Temperature | 100–140 °C | — |
Temperature | 110–130 °C | — |
Duration | 30–60 hours | — |
Duration | 40–55 hours | — |
Duration | 45–50 hours | — |
Temperature | 80–120 °C | — |
Temperature | 160–200 °C | — |
Temperature | 170–190 °C | — |
Temperature | 120–160 °C | — |
Temperature | 130–150 °C | — |
Pressure | 80–110 MPa | — |
Pressure | 95–105 MPa | — |
Thickness | 0.8–1.2 mm | — |
Thickness | 0.9–1.1 mm | — |
Duration | 2–19 minutes | — |
Duration | 5–15 minutes | — |
Duration | 8–12 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–80 seconds | — |
Duration | 50–70 seconds | — |
Duration | 100–140 seconds | — |
Duration | 110–130 seconds | — |
Thickness | 0.35–0.55 nm | — |
Pressure | 1900–2100 MPa | — |
Pressure | 1600–1700 MPa | — |
Temperature | 90–100 °C | — |
Temperature | 92–98 °C | — |
Temperature | 93–96 °C | — |
Temperature | 2–6 °C | — |
Temperature | 3–5.5 °C | — |
Temperature | 4–5 °C | — |
Temperature | 92–106 °C | — |
Temperature | 97–105 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–103 °C | — |
Pressure | 1400–1800 MPa | — |
Graphene Core For A Golf Ball
graphene/poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) nanocomposite
nitric acid
HNO₃
benzoyl peroxide
FIG. 3C is a graph showing FTIR spectra of control P(S-co-MMA) and non-irradiated and irradiated poly(styrene-co-methyl m ethacrylate)/modified graphene (PMG = …
FIG. 4B is a graph showing Raman spectra of non-irradiated and ir r adiated PG and PMG.
FIG. 4B is a graph showing Raman spectra of non-irradiated and ir r adiated PG and PMG.
FIG. 5B is a graph showing X-ray diffraction of non-irradiated and irradiated PG and PMG.
FIG. 6A is a graph showing storage modulus of control P(S-co-MMA), and non- irradiated PG and PMG.
FIG. 7A is a graph showing glass transition temperature observed from DSC for control P(S-co- MMA), and non-irradiated and irradiated PG.
FIG. 8 F is an SEM image of a 10 minute irradiated sample of PMG.
| 1600 cm⁻¹ |
graphene/poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) nanocomposite |
D band (Raman) of graphene | 1357 cm⁻¹ | graphene nanoparticles (oxidized/modified) |
D band (Raman) of modified graphene | 1357 cm⁻¹ | graphene nanoparticles (oxidized/modified) |
D band (Raman) of P(S-co-MMA)/graphene | 1357 cm⁻¹ | graphene/poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) nanocomposite |
D band (Raman) of P(S-co-MMA)/modified graphene | 1357 cm⁻¹ | graphene/poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) nanocomposite |
D band (Raman) of irradiated P(S-co-MMA)/graphene | 1357 cm⁻¹ | graphene/poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) nanocomposite |
D band (Raman) of irradiated P(S-co-MMA)/modified graphene | 1357 cm⁻¹ | graphene/poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) nanocomposite |
Layer-to-layer spacing of graphene nanoparticles (claimed range) | — | graphene nanoparticles (oxidized/modified) |
Pressure | 1462–1636 MPa | — |
Pressure | 1603–2048 MPa | — |
Temperature | 95.14–100.04 °C | — |
Thickness | 50–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 1500–1725 cm | — |
Pressure | ≤ 97 MPa | — |
Duration | 4–8 hours | — |
Duration | 5–6 hours | — |
Duration | 20–40 hours | — |
Duration | 23–27 hours | — |
Duration | 24–26 hours | — |
Temperature | 100–140 °C | — |
Temperature | 110–130 °C | — |
Duration | 30–60 hours | — |
Duration | 40–55 hours | — |
Duration | 45–50 hours | — |
Temperature | 80–120 °C | — |
Temperature | 160–200 °C | — |
Temperature | 170–190 °C | — |
Temperature | 120–160 °C | — |
Temperature | 130–150 °C | — |
Pressure | 80–110 MPa | — |
Pressure | 95–105 MPa | — |
Thickness | 0.8–1.2 mm | — |
Thickness | 0.9–1.1 mm | — |
Duration | 2–19 minutes | — |
Duration | 5–15 minutes | — |
Duration | 8–12 minutes | — |
Duration | 40–80 seconds | — |
Duration | 50–70 seconds | — |
Duration | 100–140 seconds | — |
Duration | 110–130 seconds | — |
Thickness | 0.35–0.55 nm | — |
Pressure | 1900–2100 MPa | — |
Pressure | 1600–1700 MPa | — |
Temperature | 90–100 °C | — |
Temperature | 92–98 °C | — |
Temperature | 93–96 °C | — |
Temperature | 2–6 °C | — |
Temperature | 3–5.5 °C | — |
Temperature | 4–5 °C | — |
Temperature | 92–106 °C | — |
Temperature | 97–105 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–103 °C | — |
Pressure | 1400–1800 MPa | — |