Patent
US 10,766,830COMPOSITIONS WITH SOLID FUEL LOADED ON GRAPHENE FOAMS
Shourya Jain
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A composition comprising a graphene foam and a solid fuel, wherein the graphene foam has an average porosity of 50.0-99.99%. Currently amended
The composition of claim 1, wherein solid fuel loading of said solid fuel is 10-98%. Original
The composition of claim 1, wherein the solid fuel comprises a solid propellant. Original
The composition of claim 1, wherein the solid fuel is loaded throughout the three dimensional structure of the graphene foam. Original
The composition of claim 1, wherein graphene foam can be re-used for at least once after the burn of the loaded solid fuel. Original
The composition of claim 1, wherein the graphene foam is functionalized with one or more metals, metal oxides, or chemical functional groups. Original
The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is used for microthrusters. Original
A method of preparing the composition of claim 1, wherein the method comprises preparing a sol u tion of the solid fuel in a solvent; depositing the solution onto the graphene foam: drying and removing all or substantially all the solvent used for preparing the solid fuel solution to provide the composition of claim 1. Original
. Canceled
The composition of claim [[2]] 1, wherein the graphene foam has an average porosity of 90.0-99.99%. Currently amended
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
6 materials1 process step
Nitrocellulose loaded graphene foam. Graphene foam was grown on a Ni template (3 mm-thick open-cell foam, 75 pores per inch) by CVD using CH₄/H₂/Ar gas mixture at 1050°C. After growth, the GF/Ni surface was coated with PMMA, the Ni template was etched out using Fe(NO₃)3 solution (1 M) at 90°C for 2 days then HCl (1 M) at 90°C for 2 days. Samples were rinsed with deionized water and hot acetone to remove PMMA. Final GF sheets were cut to 2.5 cm × 0.6 cm × 3 mm with average porosity of 99.2%. Nitrocellulose (nitration level 10.9–11.2%) was selected as the solid fuel.
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene foam
solid fuel
RDX (Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine)
HMX (Cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine)
PETN (pentaerythritol tetranitrate)
TNT (trinitrotoluene)
TNA (trinitroaniline)
TATB (triaminotrinitrobenzene)
TNP (picric acid)
TNB (1,3,5-trinitrobenzene)
ammonium perchlorate
NH₄ClO₄
ammonium nitrate
NH₄NO₃
potassium perchlorate
KClO₄
potassium nitrate
KNO₃
boron
B
ammonium
magnesium
Mg
HTPB (hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene)
rubber
nitropolymer
polyurethane
thiokol
asphalt
PBAN (polybutadiene acrylonitrile)
polyglycidyl nitrate
MnO₂ (Manganese dioxide)
MnO₂
Bi₂O₃ (Bismuth oxide)
Bi₂O₃
Fe₂O₃ (Iron oxide)
Fe₂O₃
Co₃O₄ (Cobalt oxide)
Co₃O₄
CuO (Cupric oxide)
CuO
Cu₂O (Cuprous oxide)
Cu₂O
PbO (Lead oxide)
PbO
NiO (Nickel oxide)
NiO
SnO₂ (Tin oxide)
SnO₂
TiO₂ (Titanium dioxide)
TiO₂
CeO₂ (Cerium oxide)
CeO₂
MgO (Magnesium oxide)
MgO
Al₂O₃ (Aluminium oxide)
Al₂O₃
ZnO (Zinc oxide)
ZnO
acetone
C₃H₆O
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
average porosity of graphene foam (Example 1) | 99.2 % | graphene foam (CVD on Ni template) |
— | 100–4600 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 3 nm | — |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A composition comprising a graphene foam and a solid fuel, wherein the graphene foam has an average porosity of 50.0-99.99%. Currently amended
The composition of claim 1, wherein solid fuel loading of said solid fuel is 10-98%. Original
The composition of claim 1, wherein the solid fuel comprises a solid propellant. Original
The composition of claim 1, wherein the solid fuel is loaded throughout the three dimensional structure of the graphene foam. Original
The composition of claim 1, wherein graphene foam can be re-used for at least once after the burn of the loaded solid fuel. Original
The composition of claim 1, wherein the graphene foam is functionalized with one or more metals, metal oxides, or chemical functional groups. Original
The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is used for microthrusters. Original
A method of preparing the composition of claim 1, wherein the method comprises preparing a sol u tion of the solid fuel in a solvent; depositing the solution onto the graphene foam: drying and removing all or substantially all the solvent used for preparing the solid fuel solution to provide the composition of claim 1. Original
. Canceled
The composition of claim [[2]] 1, wherein the graphene foam has an average porosity of 90.0-99.99%. Currently amended
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
6 materials1 process step
Nitrocellulose loaded graphene foam. Graphene foam was grown on a Ni template (3 mm-thick open-cell foam, 75 pores per inch) by CVD using CH₄/H₂/Ar gas mixture at 1050°C. After growth, the GF/Ni surface was coated with PMMA, the Ni template was etched out using Fe(NO₃)3 solution (1 M) at 90°C for 2 days then HCl (1 M) at 90°C for 2 days. Samples were rinsed with deionized water and hot acetone to remove PMMA. Final GF sheets were cut to 2.5 cm × 0.6 cm × 3 mm with average porosity of 99.2%. Nitrocellulose (nitration level 10.9–11.2%) was selected as the solid fuel.
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene foam
solid fuel
RDX (Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine)
HMX (Cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine)
PETN (pentaerythritol tetranitrate)
TNT (trinitrotoluene)
TNA (trinitroaniline)
TATB (triaminotrinitrobenzene)
TNP (picric acid)
TNB (1,3,5-trinitrobenzene)
ammonium perchlorate
NH₄ClO₄
ammonium nitrate
NH₄NO₃
potassium perchlorate
KClO₄
potassium nitrate
KNO₃
boron
B
ammonium
magnesium
Mg
HTPB (hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene)
rubber
nitropolymer
polyurethane
thiokol
asphalt
PBAN (polybutadiene acrylonitrile)
polyglycidyl nitrate
MnO₂ (Manganese dioxide)
MnO₂
Bi₂O₃ (Bismuth oxide)
Bi₂O₃
Fe₂O₃ (Iron oxide)
Fe₂O₃
Co₃O₄ (Cobalt oxide)
Co₃O₄
CuO (Cupric oxide)
CuO
Cu₂O (Cuprous oxide)
Cu₂O
PbO (Lead oxide)
PbO
NiO (Nickel oxide)
NiO
SnO₂ (Tin oxide)
SnO₂
TiO₂ (Titanium dioxide)
TiO₂
CeO₂ (Cerium oxide)
CeO₂
MgO (Magnesium oxide)
MgO
Al₂O₃ (Aluminium oxide)
Al₂O₃
ZnO (Zinc oxide)
ZnO
acetone
C₃H₆O
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
average porosity of graphene foam (Example 1) | 99.2 % | graphene foam (CVD on Ni template) |
— | 100–4600 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 3 nm | — |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A composition comprising a graphene foam and a solid fuel, wherein the graphene foam has an average porosity of 50.0-99.99%. Currently amended
The composition of claim 1, wherein solid fuel loading of said solid fuel is 10-98%. Original
The composition of claim 1, wherein the solid fuel comprises a solid propellant. Original
The composition of claim 1, wherein the solid fuel is loaded throughout the three dimensional structure of the graphene foam. Original
The composition of claim 1, wherein graphene foam can be re-used for at least once after the burn of the loaded solid fuel. Original
The composition of claim 1, wherein the graphene foam is functionalized with one or more metals, metal oxides, or chemical functional groups. Original
The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is used for microthrusters. Original
A method of preparing the composition of claim 1, wherein the method comprises preparing a sol u tion of the solid fuel in a solvent; depositing the solution onto the graphene foam: drying and removing all or substantially all the solvent used for preparing the solid fuel solution to provide the composition of claim 1. Original
. Canceled
The composition of claim [[2]] 1, wherein the graphene foam has an average porosity of 90.0-99.99%. Currently amended
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
6 materials1 process step
Nitrocellulose loaded graphene foam. Graphene foam was grown on a Ni template (3 mm-thick open-cell foam, 75 pores per inch) by CVD using CH₄/H₂/Ar gas mixture at 1050°C. After growth, the GF/Ni surface was coated with PMMA, the Ni template was etched out using Fe(NO₃)3 solution (1 M) at 90°C for 2 days then HCl (1 M) at 90°C for 2 days. Samples were rinsed with deionized water and hot acetone to remove PMMA. Final GF sheets were cut to 2.5 cm × 0.6 cm × 3 mm with average porosity of 99.2%. Nitrocellulose (nitration level 10.9–11.2%) was selected as the solid fuel.
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene foam
solid fuel
RDX (Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine)
HMX (Cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine)
PETN (pentaerythritol tetranitrate)
TNT (trinitrotoluene)
TNA (trinitroaniline)
TATB (triaminotrinitrobenzene)
TNP (picric acid)
TNB (1,3,5-trinitrobenzene)
ammonium perchlorate
NH₄ClO₄
ammonium nitrate
NH₄NO₃
potassium perchlorate
KClO₄
potassium nitrate
KNO₃
boron
B
ammonium
magnesium
Mg
HTPB (hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene)
rubber
nitropolymer
polyurethane
thiokol
asphalt
PBAN (polybutadiene acrylonitrile)
polyglycidyl nitrate
MnO₂ (Manganese dioxide)
MnO₂
Bi₂O₃ (Bismuth oxide)
Bi₂O₃
Fe₂O₃ (Iron oxide)
Fe₂O₃
Co₃O₄ (Cobalt oxide)
Co₃O₄
CuO (Cupric oxide)
CuO
Cu₂O (Cuprous oxide)
Cu₂O
PbO (Lead oxide)
PbO
NiO (Nickel oxide)
NiO
SnO₂ (Tin oxide)
SnO₂
TiO₂ (Titanium dioxide)
TiO₂
CeO₂ (Cerium oxide)
CeO₂
MgO (Magnesium oxide)
MgO
Al₂O₃ (Aluminium oxide)
Al₂O₃
ZnO (Zinc oxide)
ZnO
acetone
C₃H₆O
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
average porosity of graphene foam (Example 1) | 99.2 % | graphene foam (CVD on Ni template) |
— | 100–4600 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 3 nm | — |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A composition comprising a graphene foam and a solid fuel, wherein the graphene foam has an average porosity of 50.0-99.99%. Currently amended
The composition of claim 1, wherein solid fuel loading of said solid fuel is 10-98%. Original
The composition of claim 1, wherein the solid fuel comprises a solid propellant. Original
The composition of claim 1, wherein the solid fuel is loaded throughout the three dimensional structure of the graphene foam. Original
The composition of claim 1, wherein graphene foam can be re-used for at least once after the burn of the loaded solid fuel. Original
The composition of claim 1, wherein the graphene foam is functionalized with one or more metals, metal oxides, or chemical functional groups. Original
The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is used for microthrusters. Original
A method of preparing the composition of claim 1, wherein the method comprises preparing a sol u tion of the solid fuel in a solvent; depositing the solution onto the graphene foam: drying and removing all or substantially all the solvent used for preparing the solid fuel solution to provide the composition of claim 1. Original
. Canceled
The composition of claim [[2]] 1, wherein the graphene foam has an average porosity of 90.0-99.99%. Currently amended
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
6 materials1 process step
Nitrocellulose loaded graphene foam. Graphene foam was grown on a Ni template (3 mm-thick open-cell foam, 75 pores per inch) by CVD using CH₄/H₂/Ar gas mixture at 1050°C. After growth, the GF/Ni surface was coated with PMMA, the Ni template was etched out using Fe(NO₃)3 solution (1 M) at 90°C for 2 days then HCl (1 M) at 90°C for 2 days. Samples were rinsed with deionized water and hot acetone to remove PMMA. Final GF sheets were cut to 2.5 cm × 0.6 cm × 3 mm with average porosity of 99.2%. Nitrocellulose (nitration level 10.9–11.2%) was selected as the solid fuel.
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene foam
solid fuel
RDX (Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine)
HMX (Cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine)
PETN (pentaerythritol tetranitrate)
TNT (trinitrotoluene)
TNA (trinitroaniline)
TATB (triaminotrinitrobenzene)
TNP (picric acid)
TNB (1,3,5-trinitrobenzene)
ammonium perchlorate
NH₄ClO₄
ammonium nitrate
NH₄NO₃
potassium perchlorate
KClO₄
potassium nitrate
KNO₃
boron
B
ammonium
magnesium
Mg
HTPB (hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene)
rubber
nitropolymer
polyurethane
thiokol
asphalt
PBAN (polybutadiene acrylonitrile)
polyglycidyl nitrate
MnO₂ (Manganese dioxide)
MnO₂
Bi₂O₃ (Bismuth oxide)
Bi₂O₃
Fe₂O₃ (Iron oxide)
Fe₂O₃
Co₃O₄ (Cobalt oxide)
Co₃O₄
CuO (Cupric oxide)
CuO
Cu₂O (Cuprous oxide)
Cu₂O
PbO (Lead oxide)
PbO
NiO (Nickel oxide)
NiO
SnO₂ (Tin oxide)
SnO₂
TiO₂ (Titanium dioxide)
TiO₂
CeO₂ (Cerium oxide)
CeO₂
MgO (Magnesium oxide)
MgO
Al₂O₃ (Aluminium oxide)
Al₂O₃
ZnO (Zinc oxide)
ZnO
acetone
C₃H₆O
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
average porosity of graphene foam (Example 1) | 99.2 % | graphene foam (CVD on Ni template) |
— | 100–4600 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 3 nm | — |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.