Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 8,246,856Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
(Cu rr ently Amended) A process for manufacturing oxidized graphite, the process comprising: (a) mixing concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid in a reaction vessel for a time sufficient to generate nitronium ions wherein the ratio of the sulfuric acid to the nitric acid is 1.6:1 to 3:1 (v/v), and wherein neither acid is a fuming acid; (b) add in g combining the acids from step (a) te- the and graphite to form a first mixture, wherein the acids from (a) are combined with the graphite so that a slight excess of nitronium ion is present; (c) stirring the first mixture for a time sufficient to form a graphite-nitronium intermediate; (d) adding aqueous solution comprising NaC lO₃ at a concentration of at least 2.5 molar a-ehl ef ate-sal t in a ratio of -0:e--t- +20 1:4 to 1:7.17 (graphite:chlorate) to the first mixture at 0-35 0 C and thereby forming a second mixture, wherein the chlorate is added so that when it reacts with the graphite-nitronium complex the rate of formation of C₁O 2 is minimized, and wherein when the ratio of the moles of nitric acid to sulfuric acid is 0.5, then the concentration of the aqueous sodium chlorate is at least 5 molar; (f) stirring the second mixture; and (g) isolating the oxidized graphite from the reaction mixture.
A process according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid to concentrated nitric acid in the reaction mixture is between about 255:100 and about 255:150.
A process according to claim 1, wherein the graphite consists essentially of particles having sizes characterized as being -10 mesh or a higher mesh number.
A process for manufacturing exfoliated graphene, the process comprising: providing oxidized graphite prepared according to the process of claim 1; and subjecting the oxidized graphite to an exfoliation step to produce exfoliated graphene.
A process according to claim 1, wherein the exfoliated graphene is a highly exfoliated graphene having a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of from 400 meters-squared per gram to 1500 meters-squared per gram.
(Cu rr ently Amended) A process according to claim 1, wherein the ehlerate aqueous sodium chlorate is at a concentration of 2.5-5 moles/liter.
A process according to claim 1, wherein the presence of nitronium ion or a nitronium-graphite complex is monitored in the reaction mixture during the reaction by Raman spectroscopy.
A process according to claim 1, wherein the
A process according to claim 1, wherein the 50 hours.
-3. canceled
canceled
5-16.. canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
22-27 canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
A process for manufacturing exfoliated graphene, the process comprising: providing oxidized graphite prepared according to the process of claim 25; and subjecting the oxidized graphite to an exfoliation step to produce exfoliated graphene.
canceled
canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
concentrated sulfuric acid
H₂SO₄
aqueous sodium chlorate
NaClO₃
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
BET surface area of highly exfoliated graphene | 400–1500 m2/g | exfoliated graphene |
BET surface area of conventional exfoliated graphene (background reference) | 25–150 m2/g |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING STACK OF GRAPHENE AND CARBON NANOTUBE, ELECTRODE MATERIAL INCLUDING STACK OF GRAPHENE AND CARBON NANOTUBE, AND ELECTRIC DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITOR USING THE SAME
METHOD OF PRODUCING NANO-SIZE GRAPHENE-BASED MATERIAL AND AN EQUIPMENT FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 8,246,856Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
(Cu rr ently Amended) A process for manufacturing oxidized graphite, the process comprising: (a) mixing concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid in a reaction vessel for a time sufficient to generate nitronium ions wherein the ratio of the sulfuric acid to the nitric acid is 1.6:1 to 3:1 (v/v), and wherein neither acid is a fuming acid; (b) add in g combining the acids from step (a) te- the and graphite to form a first mixture, wherein the acids from (a) are combined with the graphite so that a slight excess of nitronium ion is present; (c) stirring the first mixture for a time sufficient to form a graphite-nitronium intermediate; (d) adding aqueous solution comprising NaC lO₃ at a concentration of at least 2.5 molar a-ehl ef ate-sal t in a ratio of -0:e--t- +20 1:4 to 1:7.17 (graphite:chlorate) to the first mixture at 0-35 0 C and thereby forming a second mixture, wherein the chlorate is added so that when it reacts with the graphite-nitronium complex the rate of formation of C₁O 2 is minimized, and wherein when the ratio of the moles of nitric acid to sulfuric acid is 0.5, then the concentration of the aqueous sodium chlorate is at least 5 molar; (f) stirring the second mixture; and (g) isolating the oxidized graphite from the reaction mixture.
A process according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid to concentrated nitric acid in the reaction mixture is between about 255:100 and about 255:150.
A process according to claim 1, wherein the graphite consists essentially of particles having sizes characterized as being -10 mesh or a higher mesh number.
A process for manufacturing exfoliated graphene, the process comprising: providing oxidized graphite prepared according to the process of claim 1; and subjecting the oxidized graphite to an exfoliation step to produce exfoliated graphene.
A process according to claim 1, wherein the exfoliated graphene is a highly exfoliated graphene having a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of from 400 meters-squared per gram to 1500 meters-squared per gram.
(Cu rr ently Amended) A process according to claim 1, wherein the ehlerate aqueous sodium chlorate is at a concentration of 2.5-5 moles/liter.
A process according to claim 1, wherein the presence of nitronium ion or a nitronium-graphite complex is monitored in the reaction mixture during the reaction by Raman spectroscopy.
A process according to claim 1, wherein the
A process according to claim 1, wherein the 50 hours.
-3. canceled
canceled
5-16.. canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
22-27 canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
A process for manufacturing exfoliated graphene, the process comprising: providing oxidized graphite prepared according to the process of claim 25; and subjecting the oxidized graphite to an exfoliation step to produce exfoliated graphene.
canceled
canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
concentrated sulfuric acid
H₂SO₄
aqueous sodium chlorate
NaClO₃
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
BET surface area of highly exfoliated graphene | 400–1500 m2/g | exfoliated graphene |
BET surface area of conventional exfoliated graphene (background reference) | 25–150 m2/g |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING STACK OF GRAPHENE AND CARBON NANOTUBE, ELECTRODE MATERIAL INCLUDING STACK OF GRAPHENE AND CARBON NANOTUBE, AND ELECTRIC DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITOR USING THE SAME
METHOD OF PRODUCING NANO-SIZE GRAPHENE-BASED MATERIAL AND AN EQUIPMENT FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 8,246,856Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
(Cu rr ently Amended) A process for manufacturing oxidized graphite, the process comprising: (a) mixing concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid in a reaction vessel for a time sufficient to generate nitronium ions wherein the ratio of the sulfuric acid to the nitric acid is 1.6:1 to 3:1 (v/v), and wherein neither acid is a fuming acid; (b) add in g combining the acids from step (a) te- the and graphite to form a first mixture, wherein the acids from (a) are combined with the graphite so that a slight excess of nitronium ion is present; (c) stirring the first mixture for a time sufficient to form a graphite-nitronium intermediate; (d) adding aqueous solution comprising NaC lO₃ at a concentration of at least 2.5 molar a-ehl ef ate-sal t in a ratio of -0:e--t- +20 1:4 to 1:7.17 (graphite:chlorate) to the first mixture at 0-35 0 C and thereby forming a second mixture, wherein the chlorate is added so that when it reacts with the graphite-nitronium complex the rate of formation of C₁O 2 is minimized, and wherein when the ratio of the moles of nitric acid to sulfuric acid is 0.5, then the concentration of the aqueous sodium chlorate is at least 5 molar; (f) stirring the second mixture; and (g) isolating the oxidized graphite from the reaction mixture.
A process according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid to concentrated nitric acid in the reaction mixture is between about 255:100 and about 255:150.
A process according to claim 1, wherein the graphite consists essentially of particles having sizes characterized as being -10 mesh or a higher mesh number.
A process for manufacturing exfoliated graphene, the process comprising: providing oxidized graphite prepared according to the process of claim 1; and subjecting the oxidized graphite to an exfoliation step to produce exfoliated graphene.
A process according to claim 1, wherein the exfoliated graphene is a highly exfoliated graphene having a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of from 400 meters-squared per gram to 1500 meters-squared per gram.
(Cu rr ently Amended) A process according to claim 1, wherein the ehlerate aqueous sodium chlorate is at a concentration of 2.5-5 moles/liter.
A process according to claim 1, wherein the presence of nitronium ion or a nitronium-graphite complex is monitored in the reaction mixture during the reaction by Raman spectroscopy.
A process according to claim 1, wherein the
A process according to claim 1, wherein the 50 hours.
-3. canceled
canceled
5-16.. canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
22-27 canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
A process for manufacturing exfoliated graphene, the process comprising: providing oxidized graphite prepared according to the process of claim 25; and subjecting the oxidized graphite to an exfoliation step to produce exfoliated graphene.
canceled
canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
concentrated sulfuric acid
H₂SO₄
aqueous sodium chlorate
NaClO₃
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
BET surface area of highly exfoliated graphene | 400–1500 m2/g | exfoliated graphene |
BET surface area of conventional exfoliated graphene (background reference) | 25–150 m2/g |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING STACK OF GRAPHENE AND CARBON NANOTUBE, ELECTRODE MATERIAL INCLUDING STACK OF GRAPHENE AND CARBON NANOTUBE, AND ELECTRIC DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITOR USING THE SAME
METHOD OF PRODUCING NANO-SIZE GRAPHENE-BASED MATERIAL AND AN EQUIPMENT FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 8,246,856Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
(Cu rr ently Amended) A process for manufacturing oxidized graphite, the process comprising: (a) mixing concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid in a reaction vessel for a time sufficient to generate nitronium ions wherein the ratio of the sulfuric acid to the nitric acid is 1.6:1 to 3:1 (v/v), and wherein neither acid is a fuming acid; (b) add in g combining the acids from step (a) te- the and graphite to form a first mixture, wherein the acids from (a) are combined with the graphite so that a slight excess of nitronium ion is present; (c) stirring the first mixture for a time sufficient to form a graphite-nitronium intermediate; (d) adding aqueous solution comprising NaC lO₃ at a concentration of at least 2.5 molar a-ehl ef ate-sal t in a ratio of -0:e--t- +20 1:4 to 1:7.17 (graphite:chlorate) to the first mixture at 0-35 0 C and thereby forming a second mixture, wherein the chlorate is added so that when it reacts with the graphite-nitronium complex the rate of formation of C₁O 2 is minimized, and wherein when the ratio of the moles of nitric acid to sulfuric acid is 0.5, then the concentration of the aqueous sodium chlorate is at least 5 molar; (f) stirring the second mixture; and (g) isolating the oxidized graphite from the reaction mixture.
A process according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid to concentrated nitric acid in the reaction mixture is between about 255:100 and about 255:150.
A process according to claim 1, wherein the graphite consists essentially of particles having sizes characterized as being -10 mesh or a higher mesh number.
A process for manufacturing exfoliated graphene, the process comprising: providing oxidized graphite prepared according to the process of claim 1; and subjecting the oxidized graphite to an exfoliation step to produce exfoliated graphene.
A process according to claim 1, wherein the exfoliated graphene is a highly exfoliated graphene having a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of from 400 meters-squared per gram to 1500 meters-squared per gram.
(Cu rr ently Amended) A process according to claim 1, wherein the ehlerate aqueous sodium chlorate is at a concentration of 2.5-5 moles/liter.
A process according to claim 1, wherein the presence of nitronium ion or a nitronium-graphite complex is monitored in the reaction mixture during the reaction by Raman spectroscopy.
A process according to claim 1, wherein the
A process according to claim 1, wherein the 50 hours.
-3. canceled
canceled
5-16.. canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
22-27 canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
A process for manufacturing exfoliated graphene, the process comprising: providing oxidized graphite prepared according to the process of claim 25; and subjecting the oxidized graphite to an exfoliation step to produce exfoliated graphene.
canceled
canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
concentrated sulfuric acid
H₂SO₄
aqueous sodium chlorate
NaClO₃
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
BET surface area of highly exfoliated graphene | 400–1500 m2/g | exfoliated graphene |
BET surface area of conventional exfoliated graphene (background reference) | 25–150 m2/g |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING STACK OF GRAPHENE AND CARBON NANOTUBE, ELECTRODE MATERIAL INCLUDING STACK OF GRAPHENE AND CARBON NANOTUBE, AND ELECTRIC DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITOR USING THE SAME
METHOD OF PRODUCING NANO-SIZE GRAPHENE-BASED MATERIAL AND AN EQUIPMENT FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
graphite
C
oxidized graphite
exfoliated graphene
concentrated nitric acid
HNO₃
exfoliated graphene |
Temperature | 60–80 °C | — |
Temperature | 0–5 °C | — |
Temperature | 50–60 °C | — |
Duration | 4–96 hours | — |
Duration | 1800–7200 s | — |
Duration | 1–120 hours | — |
Duration | 4–48 hours | — |
Temperature | ≤ 110 °C | — |
Duration | 4–50 hours | — |
Duration | 2–4 hours | — |
graphite
C
oxidized graphite
exfoliated graphene
concentrated nitric acid
HNO₃
exfoliated graphene |
Temperature | 60–80 °C | — |
Temperature | 0–5 °C | — |
Temperature | 50–60 °C | — |
Duration | 4–96 hours | — |
Duration | 1800–7200 s | — |
Duration | 1–120 hours | — |
Duration | 4–48 hours | — |
Temperature | ≤ 110 °C | — |
Duration | 4–50 hours | — |
Duration | 2–4 hours | — |
graphite
C
oxidized graphite
exfoliated graphene
concentrated nitric acid
HNO₃
exfoliated graphene |
Temperature | 60–80 °C | — |
Temperature | 0–5 °C | — |
Temperature | 50–60 °C | — |
Duration | 4–96 hours | — |
Duration | 1800–7200 s | — |
Duration | 1–120 hours | — |
Duration | 4–48 hours | — |
Temperature | ≤ 110 °C | — |
Duration | 4–50 hours | — |
Duration | 2–4 hours | — |
graphite
C
oxidized graphite
exfoliated graphene
concentrated nitric acid
HNO₃
exfoliated graphene |
Temperature | 60–80 °C | — |
Temperature | 0–5 °C | — |
Temperature | 50–60 °C | — |
Duration | 4–96 hours | — |
Duration | 1800–7200 s | — |
Duration | 1–120 hours | — |
Duration | 4–48 hours | — |
Temperature | ≤ 110 °C | — |
Duration | 4–50 hours | — |
Duration | 2–4 hours | — |
