Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1
FIG. 1 depicts a generalized network environment wherein an embodiment of the present patent disclosure may be practiced;
FIG. 2
FIG. 2 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a network environment where a user equipment (UE) device is oper- ably disposed in accordance with the teachings of …
FIG. 3
FIG. 3 depicts a functional block diagram of a network system where a wide area cellular network (WACN) such as a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) is …
FIG. 4
FIG. 4A depicts an exemplary embodiment of a circuit- switched (CS) protocol stack operable with the network system shown in
FIG. 5
FIG. 5B depicts a network arrangement where an access network (GAN or Wireless LAN) is operable to connect to a plurality of PLMNs according to one embodiment …
FIG. 6
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a generalized network discovery and selection scheme according to one embodiment;
FIG. 7
FIG. 7B is a flowchart of a GANC discovery and regis- tration method according to one embodiment wherein one or more GAN services may be requested by a wireless …
FIG. 8
FIGS. 8A and 8B are flowcharts associated with a gen- eralized GANC selection and redirection scheme according to one embodiment;
FIG. 9
FIG. 9 depicts a functional block diagram of an exemplary GANC/UNC node according to one embodiment; and
FIG. 10
FIG. 10 depicts a block diagram of an embodiment of a UE device operable according to the teachings of the present patent disclosure. 5
Claims
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
9 independent · 11 dependent
1
Independent
MCC a. Cellular MCC (e.g., GSM) b. Country code associated with a microcell (or even a small macrocell) on a vehicle (e.g., ships, planes, trains, buses, etc.)
2
Independent
MNC
3
Independent
LAI
4
Independent
CGI, etc.
5
Independent
Network generated information such as current cell (and sector)
6
Independent
Geolocation based on network information, of varying degrees of accuracy
7
Independent
Geolocation based on handset assisted GPS or other positioning system B. WLAN/GAN Service Set ID (SSID) Other C. Manual input information and other information
8
Independent
A user equipment (UE) device, comprising: a memory; and at least one hardware processor communicatively coupled with the memory and configured to gain Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity with respect to a network node disposed in a network environment that is comprised of a wireless access network (AN) space operable to be coupled to a wide area cellular network (WACN) space, wherein the WACN space includes one or more WACNs, wherein the network node is configured to provide access to the one or more WACNs for the UE device, wherein the net-work node comprises a default network controller whose information is stored in the UE device, wherein the network node comprises a generic access network controller (GANC), and wherein the GANC is a default GANC whose information is stored in the UE device; send a message towards the network node, wherein the message comprises location information associated with the UE device and at least one information ele-ment pertaining to AN services required by the UE device, wherein the message is initiated towards the network node; receive, from the network node, a response message comprising a list of available WACNs based on the location information associated with the UE device and the AN services required by the UE; select a WACN from the list of available WACNs; and store a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) in the UE device, the FQDN for facilitating a Domain Name Query (DNS) with respect to an IP address for the purposes of gaining IP connectivity by the UE to the WACN.
9
Dependent← claim 8
The UE device of claim 8, wherein the network node comprises an Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) network controller (UNC).
11
Dependent← claim 8
The UE device of claim 8, further comprising a storage device that stores an IP address in the UE device, the IP address for identifying the network node.
12
Dependent← claim 8
The UE device of claim 8, wherein the list of available WACNs is from the one or more WACNs of the WACN space coupled to the network node.
13
Dependent← claim 8
The UE device of claim 8, wherein the message is a registration request message.
14
Dependent← claim 8
The UE device of claim 8, wherein the default network controller is configured to provide interfacing func-tionality with respect to at least one of the WACNs, and wherein the interfacing functionality comprises protocol interworking.
15
Independent
A network system, comprising: a network node disposed in a network environment that is comprised of a wireless access network (AN) space operable to be coupled to a wide area cellular network (WACN) space, wherein the WACN space includes one or more WACNs, wherein the network node is config-ured to provide access to the one or more WACNs for a user equipment (UE) device, and wherein the network node comprises a default network controller whose information is stored in the UE device, wherein the network node comprises a generic access network controller (GANC), and wherein the GANC is a default GANC whose information is stored in the UE device; and the UE device, wherein the UE device is configured to: gain Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity with the net-work node; send a message towards the network node, wherein the message comprises location information associated with the UE device and at least one information B₂ element pertaining to AN services required by the UE device, wherein the message is initiated towards the network node; receive, from the network node, a response message comprising a list of available WACNs based on the location information associated with the UE device and the AN services required by the UE; select a WACN from the list of available WACNs; and store a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) in the UE device, the FQDN for facilitating a Domain Name Query (DNS) with respect to an IP address for the purposes of gaining IP connectivity by the UE to the WACN.
16
Dependent← claim 15
The network system of claim 15, wherein the network node comprises an Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) net-work controller (UNC).
18
Dependent← claim 15
The network system of claim 15, wherein the list of available WACNs is from the one or more WACNs of the WACN space coupled to the network node.
19
Dependent← claim 15
The network system of claim 15, wherein the message is a registration request message.
20
Dependent← claim 15
The network system of claim 15, wherein the default network controller is configured to provide interfacing func-tionality with respect to at least one of the WACNs, and wherein the interfacing functionality comprises protocol interworking. ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗
Cited prior art
Patents and literature cited by this patent (applicant and examiner references).
Cited patents · 59
US 5,850,444 A5,850,444 A * 12/1998 Rune.................... G06Q 20/027examiner
US 5,903,832 A5,903,832 A 5/1999 Seppanen
US 5,978,673 A5,978,673 A 11/1999 Alperovich et al.
US 6,101,387 A6,101,387 A 8/2000 Granberg
US 6,356,761 B16,356,761 B1 3/2002 Huttunen
US 6,389,283 B16,389,283 B1 5/2002 Herroro
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 11,950,266 B2
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SUPPORTING GAN SERVICE REQUEST CAPABILITY IN A WIRELESS USER EQUIPMENT (UE) DEVICE
Adrian Buckley, George Baldwin Bumiller, Paul Marcus Carpenter
Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1
FIG. 1 depicts a generalized network environment wherein an embodiment of the present patent disclosure may be practiced;
FIG. 2
FIG. 2 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a network environment where a user equipment (UE) device is oper- ably disposed in accordance with the teachings of …
FIG. 3
FIG. 3 depicts a functional block diagram of a network system where a wide area cellular network (WACN) such as a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) is …
FIG. 4
FIG. 4A depicts an exemplary embodiment of a circuit- switched (CS) protocol stack operable with the network system shown in
FIG. 5
FIG. 5B depicts a network arrangement where an access network (GAN or Wireless LAN) is operable to connect to a plurality of PLMNs according to one embodiment …
FIG. 6
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a generalized network discovery and selection scheme according to one embodiment;
FIG. 7
FIG. 7B is a flowchart of a GANC discovery and regis- tration method according to one embodiment wherein one or more GAN services may be requested by a wireless …
FIG. 8
FIGS. 8A and 8B are flowcharts associated with a gen- eralized GANC selection and redirection scheme according to one embodiment;
FIG. 9
FIG. 9 depicts a functional block diagram of an exemplary GANC/UNC node according to one embodiment; and
FIG. 10
FIG. 10 depicts a block diagram of an embodiment of a UE device operable according to the teachings of the present patent disclosure. 5
Claims
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
9 independent · 11 dependent
1
Independent
MCC a. Cellular MCC (e.g., GSM) b. Country code associated with a microcell (or even a small macrocell) on a vehicle (e.g., ships, planes, trains, buses, etc.)
2
Independent
MNC
3
Independent
LAI
4
Independent
CGI, etc.
5
Independent
Network generated information such as current cell (and sector)
6
Independent
Geolocation based on network information, of varying degrees of accuracy
7
Independent
Geolocation based on handset assisted GPS or other positioning system B. WLAN/GAN Service Set ID (SSID) Other C. Manual input information and other information
8
Independent
A user equipment (UE) device, comprising: a memory; and at least one hardware processor communicatively coupled with the memory and configured to gain Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity with respect to a network node disposed in a network environment that is comprised of a wireless access network (AN) space operable to be coupled to a wide area cellular network (WACN) space, wherein the WACN space includes one or more WACNs, wherein the network node is configured to provide access to the one or more WACNs for the UE device, wherein the net-work node comprises a default network controller whose information is stored in the UE device, wherein the network node comprises a generic access network controller (GANC), and wherein the GANC is a default GANC whose information is stored in the UE device; send a message towards the network node, wherein the message comprises location information associated with the UE device and at least one information ele-ment pertaining to AN services required by the UE device, wherein the message is initiated towards the network node; receive, from the network node, a response message comprising a list of available WACNs based on the location information associated with the UE device and the AN services required by the UE; select a WACN from the list of available WACNs; and store a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) in the UE device, the FQDN for facilitating a Domain Name Query (DNS) with respect to an IP address for the purposes of gaining IP connectivity by the UE to the WACN.
9
Dependent← claim 8
The UE device of claim 8, wherein the network node comprises an Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) network controller (UNC).
11
Dependent← claim 8
The UE device of claim 8, further comprising a storage device that stores an IP address in the UE device, the IP address for identifying the network node.
12
Dependent← claim 8
The UE device of claim 8, wherein the list of available WACNs is from the one or more WACNs of the WACN space coupled to the network node.
13
Dependent← claim 8
The UE device of claim 8, wherein the message is a registration request message.
14
Dependent← claim 8
The UE device of claim 8, wherein the default network controller is configured to provide interfacing func-tionality with respect to at least one of the WACNs, and wherein the interfacing functionality comprises protocol interworking.
15
Independent
A network system, comprising: a network node disposed in a network environment that is comprised of a wireless access network (AN) space operable to be coupled to a wide area cellular network (WACN) space, wherein the WACN space includes one or more WACNs, wherein the network node is config-ured to provide access to the one or more WACNs for a user equipment (UE) device, and wherein the network node comprises a default network controller whose information is stored in the UE device, wherein the network node comprises a generic access network controller (GANC), and wherein the GANC is a default GANC whose information is stored in the UE device; and the UE device, wherein the UE device is configured to: gain Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity with the net-work node; send a message towards the network node, wherein the message comprises location information associated with the UE device and at least one information B₂ element pertaining to AN services required by the UE device, wherein the message is initiated towards the network node; receive, from the network node, a response message comprising a list of available WACNs based on the location information associated with the UE device and the AN services required by the UE; select a WACN from the list of available WACNs; and store a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) in the UE device, the FQDN for facilitating a Domain Name Query (DNS) with respect to an IP address for the purposes of gaining IP connectivity by the UE to the WACN.
16
Dependent← claim 15
The network system of claim 15, wherein the network node comprises an Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) net-work controller (UNC).
18
Dependent← claim 15
The network system of claim 15, wherein the list of available WACNs is from the one or more WACNs of the WACN space coupled to the network node.
19
Dependent← claim 15
The network system of claim 15, wherein the message is a registration request message.
20
Dependent← claim 15
The network system of claim 15, wherein the default network controller is configured to provide interfacing func-tionality with respect to at least one of the WACNs, and wherein the interfacing functionality comprises protocol interworking. ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗
Cited prior art
Patents and literature cited by this patent (applicant and examiner references).
Cited patents · 59
US 5,850,444 A5,850,444 A * 12/1998 Rune.................... G06Q 20/027examiner
US 5,903,832 A5,903,832 A 5/1999 Seppanen
US 5,978,673 A5,978,673 A 11/1999 Alperovich et al.
US 6,101,387 A6,101,387 A 8/2000 Granberg
US 6,356,761 B16,356,761 B1 3/2002 Huttunen
US 6,389,283 B16,389,283 B1 5/2002 Herroro
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 11,950,266 B2
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SUPPORTING GAN SERVICE REQUEST CAPABILITY IN A WIRELESS USER EQUIPMENT (UE) DEVICE
Adrian Buckley, George Baldwin Bumiller, Paul Marcus Carpenter
Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1
FIG. 1 depicts a generalized network environment wherein an embodiment of the present patent disclosure may be practiced;
FIG. 2
FIG. 2 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a network environment where a user equipment (UE) device is oper- ably disposed in accordance with the teachings of …
FIG. 3
FIG. 3 depicts a functional block diagram of a network system where a wide area cellular network (WACN) such as a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) is …
FIG. 4
FIG. 4A depicts an exemplary embodiment of a circuit- switched (CS) protocol stack operable with the network system shown in
FIG. 5
FIG. 5B depicts a network arrangement where an access network (GAN or Wireless LAN) is operable to connect to a plurality of PLMNs according to one embodiment …
FIG. 6
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a generalized network discovery and selection scheme according to one embodiment;
FIG. 7
FIG. 7B is a flowchart of a GANC discovery and regis- tration method according to one embodiment wherein one or more GAN services may be requested by a wireless …
FIG. 8
FIGS. 8A and 8B are flowcharts associated with a gen- eralized GANC selection and redirection scheme according to one embodiment;
FIG. 9
FIG. 9 depicts a functional block diagram of an exemplary GANC/UNC node according to one embodiment; and
FIG. 10
FIG. 10 depicts a block diagram of an embodiment of a UE device operable according to the teachings of the present patent disclosure. 5
Claims
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
9 independent · 11 dependent
1
Independent
MCC a. Cellular MCC (e.g., GSM) b. Country code associated with a microcell (or even a small macrocell) on a vehicle (e.g., ships, planes, trains, buses, etc.)
2
Independent
MNC
3
Independent
LAI
4
Independent
CGI, etc.
5
Independent
Network generated information such as current cell (and sector)
6
Independent
Geolocation based on network information, of varying degrees of accuracy
7
Independent
Geolocation based on handset assisted GPS or other positioning system B. WLAN/GAN Service Set ID (SSID) Other C. Manual input information and other information
8
Independent
A user equipment (UE) device, comprising: a memory; and at least one hardware processor communicatively coupled with the memory and configured to gain Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity with respect to a network node disposed in a network environment that is comprised of a wireless access network (AN) space operable to be coupled to a wide area cellular network (WACN) space, wherein the WACN space includes one or more WACNs, wherein the network node is configured to provide access to the one or more WACNs for the UE device, wherein the net-work node comprises a default network controller whose information is stored in the UE device, wherein the network node comprises a generic access network controller (GANC), and wherein the GANC is a default GANC whose information is stored in the UE device; send a message towards the network node, wherein the message comprises location information associated with the UE device and at least one information ele-ment pertaining to AN services required by the UE device, wherein the message is initiated towards the network node; receive, from the network node, a response message comprising a list of available WACNs based on the location information associated with the UE device and the AN services required by the UE; select a WACN from the list of available WACNs; and store a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) in the UE device, the FQDN for facilitating a Domain Name Query (DNS) with respect to an IP address for the purposes of gaining IP connectivity by the UE to the WACN.
9
Dependent← claim 8
The UE device of claim 8, wherein the network node comprises an Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) network controller (UNC).
11
Dependent← claim 8
The UE device of claim 8, further comprising a storage device that stores an IP address in the UE device, the IP address for identifying the network node.
12
Dependent← claim 8
The UE device of claim 8, wherein the list of available WACNs is from the one or more WACNs of the WACN space coupled to the network node.
13
Dependent← claim 8
The UE device of claim 8, wherein the message is a registration request message.
14
Dependent← claim 8
The UE device of claim 8, wherein the default network controller is configured to provide interfacing func-tionality with respect to at least one of the WACNs, and wherein the interfacing functionality comprises protocol interworking.
15
Independent
A network system, comprising: a network node disposed in a network environment that is comprised of a wireless access network (AN) space operable to be coupled to a wide area cellular network (WACN) space, wherein the WACN space includes one or more WACNs, wherein the network node is config-ured to provide access to the one or more WACNs for a user equipment (UE) device, and wherein the network node comprises a default network controller whose information is stored in the UE device, wherein the network node comprises a generic access network controller (GANC), and wherein the GANC is a default GANC whose information is stored in the UE device; and the UE device, wherein the UE device is configured to: gain Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity with the net-work node; send a message towards the network node, wherein the message comprises location information associated with the UE device and at least one information B₂ element pertaining to AN services required by the UE device, wherein the message is initiated towards the network node; receive, from the network node, a response message comprising a list of available WACNs based on the location information associated with the UE device and the AN services required by the UE; select a WACN from the list of available WACNs; and store a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) in the UE device, the FQDN for facilitating a Domain Name Query (DNS) with respect to an IP address for the purposes of gaining IP connectivity by the UE to the WACN.
16
Dependent← claim 15
The network system of claim 15, wherein the network node comprises an Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) net-work controller (UNC).
18
Dependent← claim 15
The network system of claim 15, wherein the list of available WACNs is from the one or more WACNs of the WACN space coupled to the network node.
19
Dependent← claim 15
The network system of claim 15, wherein the message is a registration request message.
20
Dependent← claim 15
The network system of claim 15, wherein the default network controller is configured to provide interfacing func-tionality with respect to at least one of the WACNs, and wherein the interfacing functionality comprises protocol interworking. ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗
Cited prior art
Patents and literature cited by this patent (applicant and examiner references).
Cited patents · 59
US 5,850,444 A5,850,444 A * 12/1998 Rune.................... G06Q 20/027examiner
US 5,903,832 A5,903,832 A 5/1999 Seppanen
US 5,978,673 A5,978,673 A 11/1999 Alperovich et al.
US 6,101,387 A6,101,387 A 8/2000 Granberg
US 6,356,761 B16,356,761 B1 3/2002 Huttunen
US 6,389,283 B16,389,283 B1 5/2002 Herroro
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 11,950,266 B2
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SUPPORTING GAN SERVICE REQUEST CAPABILITY IN A WIRELESS USER EQUIPMENT (UE) DEVICE
Adrian Buckley, George Baldwin Bumiller, Paul Marcus Carpenter
Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1
FIG. 1 depicts a generalized network environment wherein an embodiment of the present patent disclosure may be practiced;
FIG. 2
FIG. 2 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a network environment where a user equipment (UE) device is oper- ably disposed in accordance with the teachings of …
FIG. 3
FIG. 3 depicts a functional block diagram of a network system where a wide area cellular network (WACN) such as a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) is …
FIG. 4
FIG. 4A depicts an exemplary embodiment of a circuit- switched (CS) protocol stack operable with the network system shown in
FIG. 5
FIG. 5B depicts a network arrangement where an access network (GAN or Wireless LAN) is operable to connect to a plurality of PLMNs according to one embodiment …
FIG. 6
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a generalized network discovery and selection scheme according to one embodiment;
FIG. 7
FIG. 7B is a flowchart of a GANC discovery and regis- tration method according to one embodiment wherein one or more GAN services may be requested by a wireless …
FIG. 8
FIGS. 8A and 8B are flowcharts associated with a gen- eralized GANC selection and redirection scheme according to one embodiment;
FIG. 9
FIG. 9 depicts a functional block diagram of an exemplary GANC/UNC node according to one embodiment; and
FIG. 10
FIG. 10 depicts a block diagram of an embodiment of a UE device operable according to the teachings of the present patent disclosure. 5
Claims
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
9 independent · 11 dependent
1
Independent
MCC a. Cellular MCC (e.g., GSM) b. Country code associated with a microcell (or even a small macrocell) on a vehicle (e.g., ships, planes, trains, buses, etc.)
2
Independent
MNC
3
Independent
LAI
4
Independent
CGI, etc.
5
Independent
Network generated information such as current cell (and sector)
6
Independent
Geolocation based on network information, of varying degrees of accuracy
7
Independent
Geolocation based on handset assisted GPS or other positioning system B. WLAN/GAN Service Set ID (SSID) Other C. Manual input information and other information
8
Independent
A user equipment (UE) device, comprising: a memory; and at least one hardware processor communicatively coupled with the memory and configured to gain Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity with respect to a network node disposed in a network environment that is comprised of a wireless access network (AN) space operable to be coupled to a wide area cellular network (WACN) space, wherein the WACN space includes one or more WACNs, wherein the network node is configured to provide access to the one or more WACNs for the UE device, wherein the net-work node comprises a default network controller whose information is stored in the UE device, wherein the network node comprises a generic access network controller (GANC), and wherein the GANC is a default GANC whose information is stored in the UE device; send a message towards the network node, wherein the message comprises location information associated with the UE device and at least one information ele-ment pertaining to AN services required by the UE device, wherein the message is initiated towards the network node; receive, from the network node, a response message comprising a list of available WACNs based on the location information associated with the UE device and the AN services required by the UE; select a WACN from the list of available WACNs; and store a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) in the UE device, the FQDN for facilitating a Domain Name Query (DNS) with respect to an IP address for the purposes of gaining IP connectivity by the UE to the WACN.
9
Dependent← claim 8
The UE device of claim 8, wherein the network node comprises an Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) network controller (UNC).
11
Dependent← claim 8
The UE device of claim 8, further comprising a storage device that stores an IP address in the UE device, the IP address for identifying the network node.
12
Dependent← claim 8
The UE device of claim 8, wherein the list of available WACNs is from the one or more WACNs of the WACN space coupled to the network node.
13
Dependent← claim 8
The UE device of claim 8, wherein the message is a registration request message.
14
Dependent← claim 8
The UE device of claim 8, wherein the default network controller is configured to provide interfacing func-tionality with respect to at least one of the WACNs, and wherein the interfacing functionality comprises protocol interworking.
15
Independent
A network system, comprising: a network node disposed in a network environment that is comprised of a wireless access network (AN) space operable to be coupled to a wide area cellular network (WACN) space, wherein the WACN space includes one or more WACNs, wherein the network node is config-ured to provide access to the one or more WACNs for a user equipment (UE) device, and wherein the network node comprises a default network controller whose information is stored in the UE device, wherein the network node comprises a generic access network controller (GANC), and wherein the GANC is a default GANC whose information is stored in the UE device; and the UE device, wherein the UE device is configured to: gain Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity with the net-work node; send a message towards the network node, wherein the message comprises location information associated with the UE device and at least one information B₂ element pertaining to AN services required by the UE device, wherein the message is initiated towards the network node; receive, from the network node, a response message comprising a list of available WACNs based on the location information associated with the UE device and the AN services required by the UE; select a WACN from the list of available WACNs; and store a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) in the UE device, the FQDN for facilitating a Domain Name Query (DNS) with respect to an IP address for the purposes of gaining IP connectivity by the UE to the WACN.
16
Dependent← claim 15
The network system of claim 15, wherein the network node comprises an Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) net-work controller (UNC).
18
Dependent← claim 15
The network system of claim 15, wherein the list of available WACNs is from the one or more WACNs of the WACN space coupled to the network node.
19
Dependent← claim 15
The network system of claim 15, wherein the message is a registration request message.
20
Dependent← claim 15
The network system of claim 15, wherein the default network controller is configured to provide interfacing func-tionality with respect to at least one of the WACNs, and wherein the interfacing functionality comprises protocol interworking. ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗
Cited prior art
Patents and literature cited by this patent (applicant and examiner references).
Cited patents · 59
US 5,850,444 A5,850,444 A * 12/1998 Rune.................... G06Q 20/027examiner
US 5,903,832 A5,903,832 A 5/1999 Seppanen
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64
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