Patent
US 9,440,857PROCESS FOR HIGH-YIELD PRODUCTION OF GRAPHENE VIA DETONATION OF CARBON-CONTAINING MATERIAL
Christopher Sorensen
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,440,857Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material, wherein said combustible carbon-containing material comprises a hydrocarbon compound; detonating said mixture within said vessel and producing a temperature within said vessel of at least 3000 K so as to generate graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel before said particles can sufficiently aggregate into a gel.
(Previously Amended) The method according to claim 1, wherein said hydrocarbon compound comprises a C₁-C₁₂ hydrocarbon compound.
The method according to claim 1, wherein said oxidizing agent comprises oxygen.
The method according to claim 1, wherein said detonation occurs in the absence of a catalyst.
The method according to claim 1, wherein said detonation during which said graphene particles are generated has a detonation period of between about 5 to about 100 msec.
canceled
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- 2 Serial No.: 14/272,924 Docket No.: 45253-US containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material, wherein the molar ratio of said oxidizing agent to said carbon- containing material is 1.5 or less; detonating said mixture within said vessel and producing a temperature within said vessel of at least 3000 K so as to generate graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel before said particles can sufficiently aggregate into a gel.
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material; detonating said mixture within said vessel and producing a temperature within said vessel of at least 3000 K so as to generate graphene particles, wherein detonation of said mixture within said vessel produces an aerosol comprising said graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel before said particles can sufficiently aggregate into a gel by removing said aerosol from said vessel.
The method according to claim 8, wherein said recovering step comprises removing said aerosol from said vessel. canceled
The method according to claim 8 [[9]], wherein said graphene particles recovered from said vessel have an average particle size of between about 35 to about 250 nm.
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate 3 Serial No.: 14/272,924 Docket No.: 45253-US material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material; detonating said mixture within said vessel and producing a temperature within said vessel of at least 3000 K so as to generate graphene particles, recovering said graphene particles from said vessel, wherein said graphene particles recovered from said vessel before said particles can sufficiently aggregate into a gel are in the form of graphene nanosheets.
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material; detonating said mixture within said vessel and producing a temperature within said vessel of at least 3000 K so as to generate graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel, wherein said vessel comprises a chamber defined by a reciprocating piston located within a cylinder.
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: 4 Serial No.: 14/272,924 Docket No.: 45253-US providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a C₁-C₁₂ hydrocarbon compound and oxygen; detonating said mixture within said vessel and generating a temperature within said vessel of at least 3000 K thereby producing an aerosol comprising graphene nanosheets; removing said graphene nanosheets from said vessel prior to aggregation of said graphene nanosheets into a carbon gel.
The method according to claim 16, wherein said hydrocarbon compound comprises acetylene.
The method according to claim 16, wherein said oxygen is provided in the form of a member selected from the group consisting of air, 02, N20, NO, and mixtures thereof.
The method according to claim 16, wherein the molar ratio of oxygen to said hydrocarbon compound is 1.5 or less.
The method according to claim 16 wherein said removing step comprises removing said aerosol from said vessel.
The method according to claim 16, wherein said graphene particles recovered from said vessel have an average particle size of between about 35 to about 250 nm.
The method according to claim 16, wherein said detonation occurs in the absence of a catalyst.
The method according to claim 16, wherein said detonation during which said graphene particles are generated has a detonation period of between about 5 to about 100 msec.
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material, wherein said combustible carbon-containing material comprises a hydrocarbon compound; detonating said mixture within said vessel so as to generate graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel prior to aggregation of said graphene particles into a carbon gel.
The method according to claim 24, wherein said hydrocarbon compound comprises a C₁-C₁₂ hydrocarbon compound.
The method according to claim 24, wherein said oxidizing agent comprises oxygen.
The method according to claim 24, wherein said detonation occurs in the absence of a catalyst.
The method according to claim 24, wherein said detonation during which said graphene particles are generated has a detonation period of between about 5 to about 100 msec.
canceled
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material, wherein the molar ratio of said oxidizing agent to said carbon- containing material is 1.5 or less; 6 Serial No.: 14/272,924 Docket No.: 45253-US detonating said mixture within said vessel so as to generate graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel prior to aggregation of said graphene particles into a carbon gel.
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material; detonating said mixture within said vessel so as to generate graphene particles, wherein detonation of said mixture within said vessel produces an aerosol comprising said graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel prior to aggregation of said graphene particles into a carbon gel, wherein said recovering step comprises removing said aerosol from said vessel and wherein said graphene particles recovered from said vessel have an average particle size of between about 35 to about 250 nm.
canceled
canceled
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material; detonating said mixture within said vessel so as to generate graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel prior to aggregation of said graphene particles into a carbon gel, wherein said graphene particles recovered from said vessel are in the form of graphene nanosheets.
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material; detonating said mixture within said vessel so as to generate graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel prior to aggregation of said graphene particles into a carbon gel, wherein said vessel comprises a chamber defined by a reciprocating piston located within a cylinder. 8
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
3 materials1 process step
Acetylene (C₂H₂) and oxygen (O₂) at various molar ratios (O₂/C₂H₂ from 0.4 to 1.2) were loaded into a detonation vessel. The mixture was detonated, producing temperatures above 3000 K (measured by pyrometer). Graphene nanosheets (GNs) were recovered as an aerosol. Products were characterized by XRD, TEM, HRTEM, FESEM, Raman spectroscopy, DRIFTS-FTIR, XPS, and N₂ adsorption/desorption. Bulk quantities (~7.4 g) of graphene powder were collected after detonation.
Materials described outside the worked examples.
hydrocarbon compound (C₁-C₁₂)
graphene particles
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
XRD patterns of graphite flakes (GF) and detonation carbon graphene nanosheets (GNs) prepared by detonation with different O₂/C₂H₂ molar ratios (Fig. 3)
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Particle Size Average | 35–250 nm | graphene nanosheets |
Detonation Temperature | ≥ 3000 K |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,440,857Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material, wherein said combustible carbon-containing material comprises a hydrocarbon compound; detonating said mixture within said vessel and producing a temperature within said vessel of at least 3000 K so as to generate graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel before said particles can sufficiently aggregate into a gel.
(Previously Amended) The method according to claim 1, wherein said hydrocarbon compound comprises a C₁-C₁₂ hydrocarbon compound.
The method according to claim 1, wherein said oxidizing agent comprises oxygen.
The method according to claim 1, wherein said detonation occurs in the absence of a catalyst.
The method according to claim 1, wherein said detonation during which said graphene particles are generated has a detonation period of between about 5 to about 100 msec.
canceled
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- 2 Serial No.: 14/272,924 Docket No.: 45253-US containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material, wherein the molar ratio of said oxidizing agent to said carbon- containing material is 1.5 or less; detonating said mixture within said vessel and producing a temperature within said vessel of at least 3000 K so as to generate graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel before said particles can sufficiently aggregate into a gel.
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material; detonating said mixture within said vessel and producing a temperature within said vessel of at least 3000 K so as to generate graphene particles, wherein detonation of said mixture within said vessel produces an aerosol comprising said graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel before said particles can sufficiently aggregate into a gel by removing said aerosol from said vessel.
The method according to claim 8, wherein said recovering step comprises removing said aerosol from said vessel. canceled
The method according to claim 8 [[9]], wherein said graphene particles recovered from said vessel have an average particle size of between about 35 to about 250 nm.
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate 3 Serial No.: 14/272,924 Docket No.: 45253-US material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material; detonating said mixture within said vessel and producing a temperature within said vessel of at least 3000 K so as to generate graphene particles, recovering said graphene particles from said vessel, wherein said graphene particles recovered from said vessel before said particles can sufficiently aggregate into a gel are in the form of graphene nanosheets.
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material; detonating said mixture within said vessel and producing a temperature within said vessel of at least 3000 K so as to generate graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel, wherein said vessel comprises a chamber defined by a reciprocating piston located within a cylinder.
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: 4 Serial No.: 14/272,924 Docket No.: 45253-US providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a C₁-C₁₂ hydrocarbon compound and oxygen; detonating said mixture within said vessel and generating a temperature within said vessel of at least 3000 K thereby producing an aerosol comprising graphene nanosheets; removing said graphene nanosheets from said vessel prior to aggregation of said graphene nanosheets into a carbon gel.
The method according to claim 16, wherein said hydrocarbon compound comprises acetylene.
The method according to claim 16, wherein said oxygen is provided in the form of a member selected from the group consisting of air, 02, N20, NO, and mixtures thereof.
The method according to claim 16, wherein the molar ratio of oxygen to said hydrocarbon compound is 1.5 or less.
The method according to claim 16 wherein said removing step comprises removing said aerosol from said vessel.
The method according to claim 16, wherein said graphene particles recovered from said vessel have an average particle size of between about 35 to about 250 nm.
The method according to claim 16, wherein said detonation occurs in the absence of a catalyst.
The method according to claim 16, wherein said detonation during which said graphene particles are generated has a detonation period of between about 5 to about 100 msec.
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material, wherein said combustible carbon-containing material comprises a hydrocarbon compound; detonating said mixture within said vessel so as to generate graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel prior to aggregation of said graphene particles into a carbon gel.
The method according to claim 24, wherein said hydrocarbon compound comprises a C₁-C₁₂ hydrocarbon compound.
The method according to claim 24, wherein said oxidizing agent comprises oxygen.
The method according to claim 24, wherein said detonation occurs in the absence of a catalyst.
The method according to claim 24, wherein said detonation during which said graphene particles are generated has a detonation period of between about 5 to about 100 msec.
canceled
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material, wherein the molar ratio of said oxidizing agent to said carbon- containing material is 1.5 or less; 6 Serial No.: 14/272,924 Docket No.: 45253-US detonating said mixture within said vessel so as to generate graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel prior to aggregation of said graphene particles into a carbon gel.
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material; detonating said mixture within said vessel so as to generate graphene particles, wherein detonation of said mixture within said vessel produces an aerosol comprising said graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel prior to aggregation of said graphene particles into a carbon gel, wherein said recovering step comprises removing said aerosol from said vessel and wherein said graphene particles recovered from said vessel have an average particle size of between about 35 to about 250 nm.
canceled
canceled
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material; detonating said mixture within said vessel so as to generate graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel prior to aggregation of said graphene particles into a carbon gel, wherein said graphene particles recovered from said vessel are in the form of graphene nanosheets.
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material; detonating said mixture within said vessel so as to generate graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel prior to aggregation of said graphene particles into a carbon gel, wherein said vessel comprises a chamber defined by a reciprocating piston located within a cylinder. 8
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
3 materials1 process step
Acetylene (C₂H₂) and oxygen (O₂) at various molar ratios (O₂/C₂H₂ from 0.4 to 1.2) were loaded into a detonation vessel. The mixture was detonated, producing temperatures above 3000 K (measured by pyrometer). Graphene nanosheets (GNs) were recovered as an aerosol. Products were characterized by XRD, TEM, HRTEM, FESEM, Raman spectroscopy, DRIFTS-FTIR, XPS, and N₂ adsorption/desorption. Bulk quantities (~7.4 g) of graphene powder were collected after detonation.
Materials described outside the worked examples.
hydrocarbon compound (C₁-C₁₂)
graphene particles
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
XRD patterns of graphite flakes (GF) and detonation carbon graphene nanosheets (GNs) prepared by detonation with different O₂/C₂H₂ molar ratios (Fig. 3)
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Particle Size Average | 35–250 nm | graphene nanosheets |
Detonation Temperature | ≥ 3000 K |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,440,857Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material, wherein said combustible carbon-containing material comprises a hydrocarbon compound; detonating said mixture within said vessel and producing a temperature within said vessel of at least 3000 K so as to generate graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel before said particles can sufficiently aggregate into a gel.
(Previously Amended) The method according to claim 1, wherein said hydrocarbon compound comprises a C₁-C₁₂ hydrocarbon compound.
The method according to claim 1, wherein said oxidizing agent comprises oxygen.
The method according to claim 1, wherein said detonation occurs in the absence of a catalyst.
The method according to claim 1, wherein said detonation during which said graphene particles are generated has a detonation period of between about 5 to about 100 msec.
canceled
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- 2 Serial No.: 14/272,924 Docket No.: 45253-US containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material, wherein the molar ratio of said oxidizing agent to said carbon- containing material is 1.5 or less; detonating said mixture within said vessel and producing a temperature within said vessel of at least 3000 K so as to generate graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel before said particles can sufficiently aggregate into a gel.
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material; detonating said mixture within said vessel and producing a temperature within said vessel of at least 3000 K so as to generate graphene particles, wherein detonation of said mixture within said vessel produces an aerosol comprising said graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel before said particles can sufficiently aggregate into a gel by removing said aerosol from said vessel.
The method according to claim 8, wherein said recovering step comprises removing said aerosol from said vessel. canceled
The method according to claim 8 [[9]], wherein said graphene particles recovered from said vessel have an average particle size of between about 35 to about 250 nm.
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate 3 Serial No.: 14/272,924 Docket No.: 45253-US material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material; detonating said mixture within said vessel and producing a temperature within said vessel of at least 3000 K so as to generate graphene particles, recovering said graphene particles from said vessel, wherein said graphene particles recovered from said vessel before said particles can sufficiently aggregate into a gel are in the form of graphene nanosheets.
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material; detonating said mixture within said vessel and producing a temperature within said vessel of at least 3000 K so as to generate graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel, wherein said vessel comprises a chamber defined by a reciprocating piston located within a cylinder.
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: 4 Serial No.: 14/272,924 Docket No.: 45253-US providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a C₁-C₁₂ hydrocarbon compound and oxygen; detonating said mixture within said vessel and generating a temperature within said vessel of at least 3000 K thereby producing an aerosol comprising graphene nanosheets; removing said graphene nanosheets from said vessel prior to aggregation of said graphene nanosheets into a carbon gel.
The method according to claim 16, wherein said hydrocarbon compound comprises acetylene.
The method according to claim 16, wherein said oxygen is provided in the form of a member selected from the group consisting of air, 02, N20, NO, and mixtures thereof.
The method according to claim 16, wherein the molar ratio of oxygen to said hydrocarbon compound is 1.5 or less.
The method according to claim 16 wherein said removing step comprises removing said aerosol from said vessel.
The method according to claim 16, wherein said graphene particles recovered from said vessel have an average particle size of between about 35 to about 250 nm.
The method according to claim 16, wherein said detonation occurs in the absence of a catalyst.
The method according to claim 16, wherein said detonation during which said graphene particles are generated has a detonation period of between about 5 to about 100 msec.
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material, wherein said combustible carbon-containing material comprises a hydrocarbon compound; detonating said mixture within said vessel so as to generate graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel prior to aggregation of said graphene particles into a carbon gel.
The method according to claim 24, wherein said hydrocarbon compound comprises a C₁-C₁₂ hydrocarbon compound.
The method according to claim 24, wherein said oxidizing agent comprises oxygen.
The method according to claim 24, wherein said detonation occurs in the absence of a catalyst.
The method according to claim 24, wherein said detonation during which said graphene particles are generated has a detonation period of between about 5 to about 100 msec.
canceled
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material, wherein the molar ratio of said oxidizing agent to said carbon- containing material is 1.5 or less; 6 Serial No.: 14/272,924 Docket No.: 45253-US detonating said mixture within said vessel so as to generate graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel prior to aggregation of said graphene particles into a carbon gel.
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material; detonating said mixture within said vessel so as to generate graphene particles, wherein detonation of said mixture within said vessel produces an aerosol comprising said graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel prior to aggregation of said graphene particles into a carbon gel, wherein said recovering step comprises removing said aerosol from said vessel and wherein said graphene particles recovered from said vessel have an average particle size of between about 35 to about 250 nm.
canceled
canceled
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material; detonating said mixture within said vessel so as to generate graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel prior to aggregation of said graphene particles into a carbon gel, wherein said graphene particles recovered from said vessel are in the form of graphene nanosheets.
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material; detonating said mixture within said vessel so as to generate graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel prior to aggregation of said graphene particles into a carbon gel, wherein said vessel comprises a chamber defined by a reciprocating piston located within a cylinder. 8
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
3 materials1 process step
Acetylene (C₂H₂) and oxygen (O₂) at various molar ratios (O₂/C₂H₂ from 0.4 to 1.2) were loaded into a detonation vessel. The mixture was detonated, producing temperatures above 3000 K (measured by pyrometer). Graphene nanosheets (GNs) were recovered as an aerosol. Products were characterized by XRD, TEM, HRTEM, FESEM, Raman spectroscopy, DRIFTS-FTIR, XPS, and N₂ adsorption/desorption. Bulk quantities (~7.4 g) of graphene powder were collected after detonation.
Materials described outside the worked examples.
hydrocarbon compound (C₁-C₁₂)
graphene particles
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
XRD patterns of graphite flakes (GF) and detonation carbon graphene nanosheets (GNs) prepared by detonation with different O₂/C₂H₂ molar ratios (Fig. 3)
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Particle Size Average | 35–250 nm | graphene nanosheets |
Detonation Temperature | ≥ 3000 K |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,440,857Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material, wherein said combustible carbon-containing material comprises a hydrocarbon compound; detonating said mixture within said vessel and producing a temperature within said vessel of at least 3000 K so as to generate graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel before said particles can sufficiently aggregate into a gel.
(Previously Amended) The method according to claim 1, wherein said hydrocarbon compound comprises a C₁-C₁₂ hydrocarbon compound.
The method according to claim 1, wherein said oxidizing agent comprises oxygen.
The method according to claim 1, wherein said detonation occurs in the absence of a catalyst.
The method according to claim 1, wherein said detonation during which said graphene particles are generated has a detonation period of between about 5 to about 100 msec.
canceled
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- 2 Serial No.: 14/272,924 Docket No.: 45253-US containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material, wherein the molar ratio of said oxidizing agent to said carbon- containing material is 1.5 or less; detonating said mixture within said vessel and producing a temperature within said vessel of at least 3000 K so as to generate graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel before said particles can sufficiently aggregate into a gel.
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material; detonating said mixture within said vessel and producing a temperature within said vessel of at least 3000 K so as to generate graphene particles, wherein detonation of said mixture within said vessel produces an aerosol comprising said graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel before said particles can sufficiently aggregate into a gel by removing said aerosol from said vessel.
The method according to claim 8, wherein said recovering step comprises removing said aerosol from said vessel. canceled
The method according to claim 8 [[9]], wherein said graphene particles recovered from said vessel have an average particle size of between about 35 to about 250 nm.
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate 3 Serial No.: 14/272,924 Docket No.: 45253-US material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material; detonating said mixture within said vessel and producing a temperature within said vessel of at least 3000 K so as to generate graphene particles, recovering said graphene particles from said vessel, wherein said graphene particles recovered from said vessel before said particles can sufficiently aggregate into a gel are in the form of graphene nanosheets.
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material; detonating said mixture within said vessel and producing a temperature within said vessel of at least 3000 K so as to generate graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel, wherein said vessel comprises a chamber defined by a reciprocating piston located within a cylinder.
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: 4 Serial No.: 14/272,924 Docket No.: 45253-US providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a C₁-C₁₂ hydrocarbon compound and oxygen; detonating said mixture within said vessel and generating a temperature within said vessel of at least 3000 K thereby producing an aerosol comprising graphene nanosheets; removing said graphene nanosheets from said vessel prior to aggregation of said graphene nanosheets into a carbon gel.
The method according to claim 16, wherein said hydrocarbon compound comprises acetylene.
The method according to claim 16, wherein said oxygen is provided in the form of a member selected from the group consisting of air, 02, N20, NO, and mixtures thereof.
The method according to claim 16, wherein the molar ratio of oxygen to said hydrocarbon compound is 1.5 or less.
The method according to claim 16 wherein said removing step comprises removing said aerosol from said vessel.
The method according to claim 16, wherein said graphene particles recovered from said vessel have an average particle size of between about 35 to about 250 nm.
The method according to claim 16, wherein said detonation occurs in the absence of a catalyst.
The method according to claim 16, wherein said detonation during which said graphene particles are generated has a detonation period of between about 5 to about 100 msec.
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material, wherein said combustible carbon-containing material comprises a hydrocarbon compound; detonating said mixture within said vessel so as to generate graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel prior to aggregation of said graphene particles into a carbon gel.
The method according to claim 24, wherein said hydrocarbon compound comprises a C₁-C₁₂ hydrocarbon compound.
The method according to claim 24, wherein said oxidizing agent comprises oxygen.
The method according to claim 24, wherein said detonation occurs in the absence of a catalyst.
The method according to claim 24, wherein said detonation during which said graphene particles are generated has a detonation period of between about 5 to about 100 msec.
canceled
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material, wherein the molar ratio of said oxidizing agent to said carbon- containing material is 1.5 or less; 6 Serial No.: 14/272,924 Docket No.: 45253-US detonating said mixture within said vessel so as to generate graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel prior to aggregation of said graphene particles into a carbon gel.
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material; detonating said mixture within said vessel so as to generate graphene particles, wherein detonation of said mixture within said vessel produces an aerosol comprising said graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel prior to aggregation of said graphene particles into a carbon gel, wherein said recovering step comprises removing said aerosol from said vessel and wherein said graphene particles recovered from said vessel have an average particle size of between about 35 to about 250 nm.
canceled
canceled
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material; detonating said mixture within said vessel so as to generate graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel prior to aggregation of said graphene particles into a carbon gel, wherein said graphene particles recovered from said vessel are in the form of graphene nanosheets.
A method of synthesizing a graphene particulate material comprising: providing within an enclosed vessel a mixture comprising a combustible carbon- containing material and an oxidizing agent for said carbon-containing material; detonating said mixture within said vessel so as to generate graphene particles; and recovering said graphene particles from said vessel prior to aggregation of said graphene particles into a carbon gel, wherein said vessel comprises a chamber defined by a reciprocating piston located within a cylinder. 8
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
3 materials1 process step
Acetylene (C₂H₂) and oxygen (O₂) at various molar ratios (O₂/C₂H₂ from 0.4 to 1.2) were loaded into a detonation vessel. The mixture was detonated, producing temperatures above 3000 K (measured by pyrometer). Graphene nanosheets (GNs) were recovered as an aerosol. Products were characterized by XRD, TEM, HRTEM, FESEM, Raman spectroscopy, DRIFTS-FTIR, XPS, and N₂ adsorption/desorption. Bulk quantities (~7.4 g) of graphene powder were collected after detonation.
Materials described outside the worked examples.
hydrocarbon compound (C₁-C₁₂)
graphene particles
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
XRD patterns of graphite flakes (GF) and detonation carbon graphene nanosheets (GNs) prepared by detonation with different O₂/C₂H₂ molar ratios (Fig. 3)
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Particle Size Average | 35–250 nm | graphene nanosheets |
Detonation Temperature | ≥ 3000 K |
oxygen
O₂
graphite flakes
TEM images of GNs prepared by detonation at different O₂/C₂H₂ molar ratios; HRTEM image at ratio 0.6 showing number of layers (Fig. 4, 6, 9)
Raman spectra of GF and pristine GNs prepared by detonation at different O₂/C₂H₂ molar ratios (Fig. 8, 14)
DRIFTS-FTIR spectra of GNs prepared by detonation at different O₂/C₂H₂ molar ratios (Fig. 11)
XPS spectra (survey and C 1s detail) of graphene powder after detonation at O₂/C₂H₂ ratios of 0.4 and 0.8 (Fig. 12, 13)
Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms of GNs prepared by detonation at O₂/C₂H₂ molar ratios 0.4 and 0.8; specific surface area and yield data (Fig. 5, 10)
FESEM images of GNs powder prepared by detonation at O₂/C₂H₂ of 0.8 (Fig. 7)
Light intensity versus time during detonation acquired by pyrometer, used to determine temperature profile after ignition (Fig. 2)
Detonation Temperature | 3000–5000 K | graphene particles |
Detonation Duration | 5–100 ms | graphene particles |
Molar Ratio Oxidizer To Fuel | ≤ 1.5 dimensionless | hydrocarbon compound (C₁-C₁₂)oxidizing agent |
Bulk Yield | 7.4 g | graphene nanosheets |
Thickness | 43–65 cm | — |
Thickness | 20–50 nm | — |
Thickness | 500–4000 cm | — |
Thickness | 35–55 nm | — |
Thickness | 225–250 nm | — |
Thickness | 250–350 nm | — |
Temperature | ≤ 6000 K | — |
Temperature | 3500–4500 K | — |
Pressure | 0.1–3 atm | — |
Pressure | 0.5–2 atm | — |
Thickness | 50–200 nm | — |
Thickness | 75–150 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 3500 K | — |
Temperature | ≥ 4000 K | — |
oxygen
O₂
graphite flakes
TEM images of GNs prepared by detonation at different O₂/C₂H₂ molar ratios; HRTEM image at ratio 0.6 showing number of layers (Fig. 4, 6, 9)
Raman spectra of GF and pristine GNs prepared by detonation at different O₂/C₂H₂ molar ratios (Fig. 8, 14)
DRIFTS-FTIR spectra of GNs prepared by detonation at different O₂/C₂H₂ molar ratios (Fig. 11)
XPS spectra (survey and C 1s detail) of graphene powder after detonation at O₂/C₂H₂ ratios of 0.4 and 0.8 (Fig. 12, 13)
Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms of GNs prepared by detonation at O₂/C₂H₂ molar ratios 0.4 and 0.8; specific surface area and yield data (Fig. 5, 10)
FESEM images of GNs powder prepared by detonation at O₂/C₂H₂ of 0.8 (Fig. 7)
Light intensity versus time during detonation acquired by pyrometer, used to determine temperature profile after ignition (Fig. 2)
Detonation Temperature | 3000–5000 K | graphene particles |
Detonation Duration | 5–100 ms | graphene particles |
Molar Ratio Oxidizer To Fuel | ≤ 1.5 dimensionless | hydrocarbon compound (C₁-C₁₂)oxidizing agent |
Bulk Yield | 7.4 g | graphene nanosheets |
Thickness | 43–65 cm | — |
Thickness | 20–50 nm | — |
Thickness | 500–4000 cm | — |
Thickness | 35–55 nm | — |
Thickness | 225–250 nm | — |
Thickness | 250–350 nm | — |
Temperature | ≤ 6000 K | — |
Temperature | 3500–4500 K | — |
Pressure | 0.1–3 atm | — |
Pressure | 0.5–2 atm | — |
Thickness | 50–200 nm | — |
Thickness | 75–150 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 3500 K | — |
Temperature | ≥ 4000 K | — |
oxygen
O₂
graphite flakes
TEM images of GNs prepared by detonation at different O₂/C₂H₂ molar ratios; HRTEM image at ratio 0.6 showing number of layers (Fig. 4, 6, 9)
Raman spectra of GF and pristine GNs prepared by detonation at different O₂/C₂H₂ molar ratios (Fig. 8, 14)
DRIFTS-FTIR spectra of GNs prepared by detonation at different O₂/C₂H₂ molar ratios (Fig. 11)
XPS spectra (survey and C 1s detail) of graphene powder after detonation at O₂/C₂H₂ ratios of 0.4 and 0.8 (Fig. 12, 13)
Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms of GNs prepared by detonation at O₂/C₂H₂ molar ratios 0.4 and 0.8; specific surface area and yield data (Fig. 5, 10)
FESEM images of GNs powder prepared by detonation at O₂/C₂H₂ of 0.8 (Fig. 7)
Light intensity versus time during detonation acquired by pyrometer, used to determine temperature profile after ignition (Fig. 2)
Detonation Temperature | 3000–5000 K | graphene particles |
Detonation Duration | 5–100 ms | graphene particles |
Molar Ratio Oxidizer To Fuel | ≤ 1.5 dimensionless | hydrocarbon compound (C₁-C₁₂)oxidizing agent |
Bulk Yield | 7.4 g | graphene nanosheets |
Thickness | 43–65 cm | — |
Thickness | 20–50 nm | — |
Thickness | 500–4000 cm | — |
Thickness | 35–55 nm | — |
Thickness | 225–250 nm | — |
Thickness | 250–350 nm | — |
Temperature | ≤ 6000 K | — |
Temperature | 3500–4500 K | — |
Pressure | 0.1–3 atm | — |
Pressure | 0.5–2 atm | — |
Thickness | 50–200 nm | — |
Thickness | 75–150 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 3500 K | — |
Temperature | ≥ 4000 K | — |
oxygen
O₂
graphite flakes
TEM images of GNs prepared by detonation at different O₂/C₂H₂ molar ratios; HRTEM image at ratio 0.6 showing number of layers (Fig. 4, 6, 9)
Raman spectra of GF and pristine GNs prepared by detonation at different O₂/C₂H₂ molar ratios (Fig. 8, 14)
DRIFTS-FTIR spectra of GNs prepared by detonation at different O₂/C₂H₂ molar ratios (Fig. 11)
XPS spectra (survey and C 1s detail) of graphene powder after detonation at O₂/C₂H₂ ratios of 0.4 and 0.8 (Fig. 12, 13)
Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms of GNs prepared by detonation at O₂/C₂H₂ molar ratios 0.4 and 0.8; specific surface area and yield data (Fig. 5, 10)
FESEM images of GNs powder prepared by detonation at O₂/C₂H₂ of 0.8 (Fig. 7)
Light intensity versus time during detonation acquired by pyrometer, used to determine temperature profile after ignition (Fig. 2)
Detonation Temperature | 3000–5000 K | graphene particles |
Detonation Duration | 5–100 ms | graphene particles |
Molar Ratio Oxidizer To Fuel | ≤ 1.5 dimensionless | hydrocarbon compound (C₁-C₁₂)oxidizing agent |
Bulk Yield | 7.4 g | graphene nanosheets |
Thickness | 43–65 cm | — |
Thickness | 20–50 nm | — |
Thickness | 500–4000 cm | — |
Thickness | 35–55 nm | — |
Thickness | 225–250 nm | — |
Thickness | 250–350 nm | — |
Temperature | ≤ 6000 K | — |
Temperature | 3500–4500 K | — |
Pressure | 0.1–3 atm | — |
Pressure | 0.5–2 atm | — |
Thickness | 50–200 nm | — |
Thickness | 75–150 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 3500 K | — |
Temperature | ≥ 4000 K | — |