Patent
US 9,991,391PRISTINE AND FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE MATERIALS
Hongjie Dai, Xiaolin Li, Xiaoming Sun
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,991,391Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
Geim, A. K. & Novoselov, K. S. The rise of graphene. Nature Materials 6, 183-19 1 (2007).
Novoselov, K. S., et. al. Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films. Science 306, 666-669 (2004).
Novoselov, K. S., et. al. Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene. Nature 438, 197-200 (2005).
Zhang, Y. B., Tan, Y. W., Stormer, H. L. & Kim, P. Experimental observation of the quantum Hall effect and Berry ' s phase in graphene. Nature 438, 201-204 (2005).
Berger, C., et. al. Electronic Confinement and Coherence in Patterned Epitaxial Graphene. Science 312, 1191-1196 (2006).
Novoselov, K. S., et. al. Two-dimensional atomic crystals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102, 10451-10453 (2005).
Berger, C., et. al. Ultrathin Epitaxial Graphite: 2D Electron Gas Properties and a Route toward Graphene-based Nanoelectronics. J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 19912-19916 (2004).
Dikin, D. A., et. al. Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper. Nature 448, 457-460 (2007).
Stankovich, S., et. al. Stable aqueous dispersions of graphitic nanoplatelets via the reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide in the presence of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). J. Mater. Chem. 16, 155-158 (2006).
Stankovich, S., et. al. Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide. Carbon 45, 1558-1565 (2007).
Gilje, S., Han, S., Wang, M. S., Wang, K. L. & Kaner, R. B. A chemical route to graphene for device applications. Nano Lett. 7, 3394-3398 (2007).
Li, D., Muller, M. B., Gilje, S., Kaner, R. B. & Wallace, G. G. Processable aqueous dispersions of graphene nanosheets. Nature Nanotech. 3, 101-105 (2008).
Gomez-Navarro, C., et. al. Electronic transport properties of individual chemically reduced graphene oxide sheets. Nano Lett. 7, 3499-3503 (2007).
Wang, X., Zhi, L. J. & Mullen, K. Transparent, conductive graphene electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells. Nano Lett. 8, 323-327 (2008).
Bourlinos, A. B., et. al. Graphite oxide: chemical reduction to graphite and surface modification with primary aliphatic amines and amino acids. Langmuir 19, 6050-6055 (2003).
Hummers, W. S. & Offeman, R. E. Preparation of graphite oxide. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 80, 1339 (1958).
Tan, Y. W., Zhang, Y. B., Stormer, H. L. & Kim, P. Temperature dependent electron transport in graphene. E ur. Phys. J. 148, 15-18 (2007).
Li, X. L., Wang, X. R., Zhang, L., Lee, S. W. & Dai, H. J. Chemically Derived, Ultrasmooth Graphene Nanoribbon Semiconductors. Science 319, 1229-1232 (2008).
Stankovich, S., et. al. Graphene-based composite materials. Nature 442, 282-286 (2006).
Schniepp, H. C., et. al. Functionalized Single Graphene Sheets derived from splitting graphite oxide. J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 8535-8539 (2006).
Yu, A. P., Ramesh, P., I tkis, M. E., Bekyarova, E. & Haddon, R. C. Graphite Nanoplatelet-Epoxy Composite Thermal Interface Materials. J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 7565-7569 (2007).
Niyogi, S., et. al. Solution properties of graphite and graphene. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 7720-7721 (2006).
Meyer, J. C., et. al. The structure of suspended graphene sheets. Nature 446, 60-63 (2007).
Greinke, R. A., et al. (Graftech Inc., U.S., 2002).
Han, J. H., Cho, K. W., Lee, K. -H. & Kim, H. Porous graphite matrix for chemical heat pumps. Carbon 36, 1801-1810 (1998).
Ericson, L. M., et. al. Macroscopic, neat, single-walled carbon nanotube fibers. Science 305, 1447-1450 (2004).
Liu, Z. H., Wang, Z. M., Yang, X. J. & Ooi, K. Intercalation of organic ammonium ions into layered graphite oxide. Langmuir 18, 4926-4932 (2002).
Kam, N. W. S., O' Connell, M., Wisdom, J. A. & Dai, H. J. Carbon nanotubes as multifunctional biological transporters and near-infrared agents for selective cancer cell destruction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102, 11600-11605 (2005).
Hontoria-Lucas, C., Lopez-Peinado, A. J., Lopez-Gonzalez, J. de D., Rojas-Cervantes, M. L. & Martin-Aranda, R. M. Study of oxygen-containing groups in a series of graphite oxides: physical and chemical characterization. Carbon 33, 1585-1592 (1995).
Kuznetsova, A., et. al. Enhancement of adsorption inside of single-walled nanotubes: opening the entry ports. Chem. Phys. Lett. 321, 292-296 (2000).
Blake, P., et. al. Graphene-based liquid crystal device. Nano Lett. (2008 ASAP).
Wu, J. S., et. al. From branched polyphenylenes to graphite ribbons. Macromolecules, 36, 7082-7089 (2003).
Grimsdale, A. C. & Mullen, K. The chemistry of organic nanomaterials. Angew. Chem. In t. Ed. 44, 5592-5629 (2005).
Herwig, P. T., Kayser, C.W., Mullen, K. & Spiess, H. W. Columnar mesophases of alkylated hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes with remarkably large phase widths. Adv. Mater. 8, 510-513 (1996).
Simpson, C. D., et al. Synthesis of a giant 222 carbon graphite sheet. Chem. E ur. J. 8, 1424-1429 (2002). Claims What is claimed is:
Materials described outside the worked examples.
pristine graphene
graphene ribbons
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Temperature | 10–30 k | — |
Duration | ≤ 1 min |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,991,391Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
Geim, A. K. & Novoselov, K. S. The rise of graphene. Nature Materials 6, 183-19 1 (2007).
Novoselov, K. S., et. al. Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films. Science 306, 666-669 (2004).
Novoselov, K. S., et. al. Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene. Nature 438, 197-200 (2005).
Zhang, Y. B., Tan, Y. W., Stormer, H. L. & Kim, P. Experimental observation of the quantum Hall effect and Berry ' s phase in graphene. Nature 438, 201-204 (2005).
Berger, C., et. al. Electronic Confinement and Coherence in Patterned Epitaxial Graphene. Science 312, 1191-1196 (2006).
Novoselov, K. S., et. al. Two-dimensional atomic crystals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102, 10451-10453 (2005).
Berger, C., et. al. Ultrathin Epitaxial Graphite: 2D Electron Gas Properties and a Route toward Graphene-based Nanoelectronics. J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 19912-19916 (2004).
Dikin, D. A., et. al. Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper. Nature 448, 457-460 (2007).
Stankovich, S., et. al. Stable aqueous dispersions of graphitic nanoplatelets via the reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide in the presence of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). J. Mater. Chem. 16, 155-158 (2006).
Stankovich, S., et. al. Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide. Carbon 45, 1558-1565 (2007).
Gilje, S., Han, S., Wang, M. S., Wang, K. L. & Kaner, R. B. A chemical route to graphene for device applications. Nano Lett. 7, 3394-3398 (2007).
Li, D., Muller, M. B., Gilje, S., Kaner, R. B. & Wallace, G. G. Processable aqueous dispersions of graphene nanosheets. Nature Nanotech. 3, 101-105 (2008).
Gomez-Navarro, C., et. al. Electronic transport properties of individual chemically reduced graphene oxide sheets. Nano Lett. 7, 3499-3503 (2007).
Wang, X., Zhi, L. J. & Mullen, K. Transparent, conductive graphene electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells. Nano Lett. 8, 323-327 (2008).
Bourlinos, A. B., et. al. Graphite oxide: chemical reduction to graphite and surface modification with primary aliphatic amines and amino acids. Langmuir 19, 6050-6055 (2003).
Hummers, W. S. & Offeman, R. E. Preparation of graphite oxide. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 80, 1339 (1958).
Tan, Y. W., Zhang, Y. B., Stormer, H. L. & Kim, P. Temperature dependent electron transport in graphene. E ur. Phys. J. 148, 15-18 (2007).
Li, X. L., Wang, X. R., Zhang, L., Lee, S. W. & Dai, H. J. Chemically Derived, Ultrasmooth Graphene Nanoribbon Semiconductors. Science 319, 1229-1232 (2008).
Stankovich, S., et. al. Graphene-based composite materials. Nature 442, 282-286 (2006).
Schniepp, H. C., et. al. Functionalized Single Graphene Sheets derived from splitting graphite oxide. J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 8535-8539 (2006).
Yu, A. P., Ramesh, P., I tkis, M. E., Bekyarova, E. & Haddon, R. C. Graphite Nanoplatelet-Epoxy Composite Thermal Interface Materials. J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 7565-7569 (2007).
Niyogi, S., et. al. Solution properties of graphite and graphene. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 7720-7721 (2006).
Meyer, J. C., et. al. The structure of suspended graphene sheets. Nature 446, 60-63 (2007).
Greinke, R. A., et al. (Graftech Inc., U.S., 2002).
Han, J. H., Cho, K. W., Lee, K. -H. & Kim, H. Porous graphite matrix for chemical heat pumps. Carbon 36, 1801-1810 (1998).
Ericson, L. M., et. al. Macroscopic, neat, single-walled carbon nanotube fibers. Science 305, 1447-1450 (2004).
Liu, Z. H., Wang, Z. M., Yang, X. J. & Ooi, K. Intercalation of organic ammonium ions into layered graphite oxide. Langmuir 18, 4926-4932 (2002).
Kam, N. W. S., O' Connell, M., Wisdom, J. A. & Dai, H. J. Carbon nanotubes as multifunctional biological transporters and near-infrared agents for selective cancer cell destruction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102, 11600-11605 (2005).
Hontoria-Lucas, C., Lopez-Peinado, A. J., Lopez-Gonzalez, J. de D., Rojas-Cervantes, M. L. & Martin-Aranda, R. M. Study of oxygen-containing groups in a series of graphite oxides: physical and chemical characterization. Carbon 33, 1585-1592 (1995).
Kuznetsova, A., et. al. Enhancement of adsorption inside of single-walled nanotubes: opening the entry ports. Chem. Phys. Lett. 321, 292-296 (2000).
Blake, P., et. al. Graphene-based liquid crystal device. Nano Lett. (2008 ASAP).
Wu, J. S., et. al. From branched polyphenylenes to graphite ribbons. Macromolecules, 36, 7082-7089 (2003).
Grimsdale, A. C. & Mullen, K. The chemistry of organic nanomaterials. Angew. Chem. In t. Ed. 44, 5592-5629 (2005).
Herwig, P. T., Kayser, C.W., Mullen, K. & Spiess, H. W. Columnar mesophases of alkylated hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes with remarkably large phase widths. Adv. Mater. 8, 510-513 (1996).
Simpson, C. D., et al. Synthesis of a giant 222 carbon graphite sheet. Chem. E ur. J. 8, 1424-1429 (2002). Claims What is claimed is:
Materials described outside the worked examples.
pristine graphene
graphene ribbons
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Temperature | 10–30 k | — |
Duration | ≤ 1 min |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,991,391Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
Geim, A. K. & Novoselov, K. S. The rise of graphene. Nature Materials 6, 183-19 1 (2007).
Novoselov, K. S., et. al. Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films. Science 306, 666-669 (2004).
Novoselov, K. S., et. al. Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene. Nature 438, 197-200 (2005).
Zhang, Y. B., Tan, Y. W., Stormer, H. L. & Kim, P. Experimental observation of the quantum Hall effect and Berry ' s phase in graphene. Nature 438, 201-204 (2005).
Berger, C., et. al. Electronic Confinement and Coherence in Patterned Epitaxial Graphene. Science 312, 1191-1196 (2006).
Novoselov, K. S., et. al. Two-dimensional atomic crystals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102, 10451-10453 (2005).
Berger, C., et. al. Ultrathin Epitaxial Graphite: 2D Electron Gas Properties and a Route toward Graphene-based Nanoelectronics. J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 19912-19916 (2004).
Dikin, D. A., et. al. Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper. Nature 448, 457-460 (2007).
Stankovich, S., et. al. Stable aqueous dispersions of graphitic nanoplatelets via the reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide in the presence of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). J. Mater. Chem. 16, 155-158 (2006).
Stankovich, S., et. al. Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide. Carbon 45, 1558-1565 (2007).
Gilje, S., Han, S., Wang, M. S., Wang, K. L. & Kaner, R. B. A chemical route to graphene for device applications. Nano Lett. 7, 3394-3398 (2007).
Li, D., Muller, M. B., Gilje, S., Kaner, R. B. & Wallace, G. G. Processable aqueous dispersions of graphene nanosheets. Nature Nanotech. 3, 101-105 (2008).
Gomez-Navarro, C., et. al. Electronic transport properties of individual chemically reduced graphene oxide sheets. Nano Lett. 7, 3499-3503 (2007).
Wang, X., Zhi, L. J. & Mullen, K. Transparent, conductive graphene electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells. Nano Lett. 8, 323-327 (2008).
Bourlinos, A. B., et. al. Graphite oxide: chemical reduction to graphite and surface modification with primary aliphatic amines and amino acids. Langmuir 19, 6050-6055 (2003).
Hummers, W. S. & Offeman, R. E. Preparation of graphite oxide. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 80, 1339 (1958).
Tan, Y. W., Zhang, Y. B., Stormer, H. L. & Kim, P. Temperature dependent electron transport in graphene. E ur. Phys. J. 148, 15-18 (2007).
Li, X. L., Wang, X. R., Zhang, L., Lee, S. W. & Dai, H. J. Chemically Derived, Ultrasmooth Graphene Nanoribbon Semiconductors. Science 319, 1229-1232 (2008).
Stankovich, S., et. al. Graphene-based composite materials. Nature 442, 282-286 (2006).
Schniepp, H. C., et. al. Functionalized Single Graphene Sheets derived from splitting graphite oxide. J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 8535-8539 (2006).
Yu, A. P., Ramesh, P., I tkis, M. E., Bekyarova, E. & Haddon, R. C. Graphite Nanoplatelet-Epoxy Composite Thermal Interface Materials. J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 7565-7569 (2007).
Niyogi, S., et. al. Solution properties of graphite and graphene. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 7720-7721 (2006).
Meyer, J. C., et. al. The structure of suspended graphene sheets. Nature 446, 60-63 (2007).
Greinke, R. A., et al. (Graftech Inc., U.S., 2002).
Han, J. H., Cho, K. W., Lee, K. -H. & Kim, H. Porous graphite matrix for chemical heat pumps. Carbon 36, 1801-1810 (1998).
Ericson, L. M., et. al. Macroscopic, neat, single-walled carbon nanotube fibers. Science 305, 1447-1450 (2004).
Liu, Z. H., Wang, Z. M., Yang, X. J. & Ooi, K. Intercalation of organic ammonium ions into layered graphite oxide. Langmuir 18, 4926-4932 (2002).
Kam, N. W. S., O' Connell, M., Wisdom, J. A. & Dai, H. J. Carbon nanotubes as multifunctional biological transporters and near-infrared agents for selective cancer cell destruction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102, 11600-11605 (2005).
Hontoria-Lucas, C., Lopez-Peinado, A. J., Lopez-Gonzalez, J. de D., Rojas-Cervantes, M. L. & Martin-Aranda, R. M. Study of oxygen-containing groups in a series of graphite oxides: physical and chemical characterization. Carbon 33, 1585-1592 (1995).
Kuznetsova, A., et. al. Enhancement of adsorption inside of single-walled nanotubes: opening the entry ports. Chem. Phys. Lett. 321, 292-296 (2000).
Blake, P., et. al. Graphene-based liquid crystal device. Nano Lett. (2008 ASAP).
Wu, J. S., et. al. From branched polyphenylenes to graphite ribbons. Macromolecules, 36, 7082-7089 (2003).
Grimsdale, A. C. & Mullen, K. The chemistry of organic nanomaterials. Angew. Chem. In t. Ed. 44, 5592-5629 (2005).
Herwig, P. T., Kayser, C.W., Mullen, K. & Spiess, H. W. Columnar mesophases of alkylated hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes with remarkably large phase widths. Adv. Mater. 8, 510-513 (1996).
Simpson, C. D., et al. Synthesis of a giant 222 carbon graphite sheet. Chem. E ur. J. 8, 1424-1429 (2002). Claims What is claimed is:
Materials described outside the worked examples.
pristine graphene
graphene ribbons
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Temperature | 10–30 k | — |
Duration | ≤ 1 min |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,991,391Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
Geim, A. K. & Novoselov, K. S. The rise of graphene. Nature Materials 6, 183-19 1 (2007).
Novoselov, K. S., et. al. Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films. Science 306, 666-669 (2004).
Novoselov, K. S., et. al. Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene. Nature 438, 197-200 (2005).
Zhang, Y. B., Tan, Y. W., Stormer, H. L. & Kim, P. Experimental observation of the quantum Hall effect and Berry ' s phase in graphene. Nature 438, 201-204 (2005).
Berger, C., et. al. Electronic Confinement and Coherence in Patterned Epitaxial Graphene. Science 312, 1191-1196 (2006).
Novoselov, K. S., et. al. Two-dimensional atomic crystals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102, 10451-10453 (2005).
Berger, C., et. al. Ultrathin Epitaxial Graphite: 2D Electron Gas Properties and a Route toward Graphene-based Nanoelectronics. J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 19912-19916 (2004).
Dikin, D. A., et. al. Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper. Nature 448, 457-460 (2007).
Stankovich, S., et. al. Stable aqueous dispersions of graphitic nanoplatelets via the reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide in the presence of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). J. Mater. Chem. 16, 155-158 (2006).
Stankovich, S., et. al. Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide. Carbon 45, 1558-1565 (2007).
Gilje, S., Han, S., Wang, M. S., Wang, K. L. & Kaner, R. B. A chemical route to graphene for device applications. Nano Lett. 7, 3394-3398 (2007).
Li, D., Muller, M. B., Gilje, S., Kaner, R. B. & Wallace, G. G. Processable aqueous dispersions of graphene nanosheets. Nature Nanotech. 3, 101-105 (2008).
Gomez-Navarro, C., et. al. Electronic transport properties of individual chemically reduced graphene oxide sheets. Nano Lett. 7, 3499-3503 (2007).
Wang, X., Zhi, L. J. & Mullen, K. Transparent, conductive graphene electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells. Nano Lett. 8, 323-327 (2008).
Bourlinos, A. B., et. al. Graphite oxide: chemical reduction to graphite and surface modification with primary aliphatic amines and amino acids. Langmuir 19, 6050-6055 (2003).
Hummers, W. S. & Offeman, R. E. Preparation of graphite oxide. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 80, 1339 (1958).
Tan, Y. W., Zhang, Y. B., Stormer, H. L. & Kim, P. Temperature dependent electron transport in graphene. E ur. Phys. J. 148, 15-18 (2007).
Li, X. L., Wang, X. R., Zhang, L., Lee, S. W. & Dai, H. J. Chemically Derived, Ultrasmooth Graphene Nanoribbon Semiconductors. Science 319, 1229-1232 (2008).
Stankovich, S., et. al. Graphene-based composite materials. Nature 442, 282-286 (2006).
Schniepp, H. C., et. al. Functionalized Single Graphene Sheets derived from splitting graphite oxide. J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 8535-8539 (2006).
Yu, A. P., Ramesh, P., I tkis, M. E., Bekyarova, E. & Haddon, R. C. Graphite Nanoplatelet-Epoxy Composite Thermal Interface Materials. J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 7565-7569 (2007).
Niyogi, S., et. al. Solution properties of graphite and graphene. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 7720-7721 (2006).
Meyer, J. C., et. al. The structure of suspended graphene sheets. Nature 446, 60-63 (2007).
Greinke, R. A., et al. (Graftech Inc., U.S., 2002).
Han, J. H., Cho, K. W., Lee, K. -H. & Kim, H. Porous graphite matrix for chemical heat pumps. Carbon 36, 1801-1810 (1998).
Ericson, L. M., et. al. Macroscopic, neat, single-walled carbon nanotube fibers. Science 305, 1447-1450 (2004).
Liu, Z. H., Wang, Z. M., Yang, X. J. & Ooi, K. Intercalation of organic ammonium ions into layered graphite oxide. Langmuir 18, 4926-4932 (2002).
Kam, N. W. S., O' Connell, M., Wisdom, J. A. & Dai, H. J. Carbon nanotubes as multifunctional biological transporters and near-infrared agents for selective cancer cell destruction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102, 11600-11605 (2005).
Hontoria-Lucas, C., Lopez-Peinado, A. J., Lopez-Gonzalez, J. de D., Rojas-Cervantes, M. L. & Martin-Aranda, R. M. Study of oxygen-containing groups in a series of graphite oxides: physical and chemical characterization. Carbon 33, 1585-1592 (1995).
Kuznetsova, A., et. al. Enhancement of adsorption inside of single-walled nanotubes: opening the entry ports. Chem. Phys. Lett. 321, 292-296 (2000).
Blake, P., et. al. Graphene-based liquid crystal device. Nano Lett. (2008 ASAP).
Wu, J. S., et. al. From branched polyphenylenes to graphite ribbons. Macromolecules, 36, 7082-7089 (2003).
Grimsdale, A. C. & Mullen, K. The chemistry of organic nanomaterials. Angew. Chem. In t. Ed. 44, 5592-5629 (2005).
Herwig, P. T., Kayser, C.W., Mullen, K. & Spiess, H. W. Columnar mesophases of alkylated hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes with remarkably large phase widths. Adv. Mater. 8, 510-513 (1996).
Simpson, C. D., et al. Synthesis of a giant 222 carbon graphite sheet. Chem. E ur. J. 8, 1424-1429 (2002). Claims What is claimed is:
Materials described outside the worked examples.
pristine graphene
graphene ribbons
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Temperature | 10–30 k | — |
Duration | ≤ 1 min |
graphite
oleum
H₂SO4·xSO₃
tetrabutylammonium hydroxide
(C₄H₉)4NOH
polyethylene glycol (PEG)
| — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
graphite
oleum
H₂SO4·xSO₃
tetrabutylammonium hydroxide
(C₄H₉)4NOH
polyethylene glycol (PEG)
| — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
graphite
oleum
H₂SO4·xSO₃
tetrabutylammonium hydroxide
(C₄H₉)4NOH
polyethylene glycol (PEG)
| — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
graphite
oleum
H₂SO4·xSO₃
tetrabutylammonium hydroxide
(C₄H₉)4NOH
polyethylene glycol (PEG)
| — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |