The graphene composite of Claim 1, wherein the at least one azobenzene compound is represented by a formula: R 3 --R 2 SVG 15027170.05-02-2018.JGPL₅G₃₉RXEAPX1.CLM.1.20.860.2250.1304.2473.svg 0.743 1.48 Chemistry Black and white SVG 15027170.05-02-2018.JGPL₅G₃₉RXEAPX1.CLM.1.19.1427.2123.1807.2473.svg 1.167 1.267 Chemistry Black and white N=N (I) wherein R 1 is a first functional group, R 2 is a spacer group, and R 3 is a second functional group. Currently amended

The graphene composite of Claim 1, wherein the photoswitchable layer further comprises a polymer, wherein the at least one azobenzene compound is conjugated to the polymer. Previously presented

The graphene composite of Claim 1, wherein one or more of: the photoswitchable layer has a thickness in the range of about 1 nm to about 20 nm; the graphene layer has a thickness in the range of about 0.3 nm to about 2 nm; or the graphene layer has a thickness of one to six graphene sheets. Previously presented

The graphene composite of Claim 1, wherein the graphene layer exhibits one or more of: a water contact angle in the range of about 80 0 to about 120 0 when the photoswitchable layer is in the state wherein the photoswitchable la y er exhibits the first level of hydrophobicity; a water contact angle in the range of about 10 0 to about 60 0 when the photoswitchable layer is in the state wherein the photoswitchable la y er exhibits the second level of hy drophobicit y; or the graphene layer exhibits a first water contact angle when the photoswitchable layer is in the state wherein the photoswitchable la y er exhibits the first level of hydrophobicity, and the graphene layer exhibits a second water contact angle when the photoswitchable layer is in the state wherein the photoswitchable la y er exhibits the second level of hydrophobicit y, and wherein a difference between the first water contact angle and the second water contact angle is within a range of 5 0 to 150 0. Currently amended

The graphene composite of Claim 1, wherein the graphene layer is disposed within 3.0 nm, 2.5 nm, 2.0 nm, or 1.5 nm of the photoswitchable layer; or directly on the photoswitchable layer. Previously presented

The graphene composite of Claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises silicon or silica. Original

The method of Claim 21, wherein forming the photoswitchable layer on the substrate comprises applying a polymer on the substrate, wherein the polymer comprises the at least one azobenzene compound conjugated to the polymer. Withdrawn

The method of Claim 21, wherein forming the photoswitchable layer on the substrate comprises: applying a polymer on the substrate; and conjugating the at least one azobenzene compound to the polymer. Withdrawn

The method of Claim 21, wherein forming the photoswitchable layer on the substrate comprises conjugating the at least one azobenzene compound with the substrate, wherein the at least one azobenzene compound comprises a silane coupling agent. Withdrawn

The method of Claim 21, wherein forming the photoswitchable layer on the substrate comprises: conjugating an amine-containing silane coupling agent with a surface of the substrate; and reacting the at least one azobenzene compound with the amine-containing silane coupling agent conjugated to the surface of the substrate. Withdrawn

32 The method of Claim 31, wherein the first radiation has a wavelength of peak emission greater than 400 nm and the second radiation has a wavelength of peak emission less than 400 nm. Withdrawn

(Withdrawn-Currently Amended) The method of Claim 31, wherein at least one of: applying the first radiation to the photoswitchable layer comprises applying the first radiation to the photoswitchable layer such that the graphene layer has a water contact angle of at least about 0; applying the second radiation to the photoswitchable layer comprises applying the second radiation to the photoswitchable layer such that the graphene layer has a water contact angle of less than or equal to about 60 0; or wherein the graphene layer exhibits a first water contact angle when the photoswitchable layer is in the state wherein the photoswitchable la y er exhibits a first level of hydrophobicit y, and the graphene layer exhibits a second water contact angle when the photoswitchable layer is in the state wherein the photoswitchable la y er exhibits a second level of hydrophobicity, and wherein a difference between the first water contact angle and the second water contact angle is within a range of 5 0 to 150.

(Withdrawn-Currently Amended) The method of claim 31, further comprising: prior to applying the second radiation to the photoswitchable layer, contacting a sample having one or more analytes with the graphene layer while the photoswitchable layer is in the state wherein the photoswitchable lay er exhibits a first level of hydrophobicity; applying a first voltage to the graphene layer such that a first current flows in the graphene layer; measuring the first current in the graphene layer while the first voltage is applied; and correlating the measured first current in the graphene layer with a concentration of the one or more analytes in the sample.

The graphene composite of Claim 1, wherein the at least one azobenzene compound is represented by a formula: R 3 --R 2 SVG 15027170.05-02-2018.JGPL₅G₃₉RXEAPX1.CLM.1.20.860.2250.1304.2473.svg 0.743 1.48 Chemistry Black and white SVG 15027170.05-02-2018.JGPL₅G₃₉RXEAPX1.CLM.1.19.1427.2123.1807.2473.svg 1.167 1.267 Chemistry Black and white N=N (I) wherein R 1 is a first functional group, R 2 is a spacer group, and R 3 is a second functional group. Currently amended

The graphene composite of Claim 1, wherein the photoswitchable layer further comprises a polymer, wherein the at least one azobenzene compound is conjugated to the polymer. Previously presented

The graphene composite of Claim 1, wherein one or more of: the photoswitchable layer has a thickness in the range of about 1 nm to about 20 nm; the graphene layer has a thickness in the range of about 0.3 nm to about 2 nm; or the graphene layer has a thickness of one to six graphene sheets. Previously presented

The graphene composite of Claim 1, wherein the graphene layer exhibits one or more of: a water contact angle in the range of about 80 0 to about 120 0 when the photoswitchable layer is in the state wherein the photoswitchable la y er exhibits the first level of hydrophobicity; a water contact angle in the range of about 10 0 to about 60 0 when the photoswitchable layer is in the state wherein the photoswitchable la y er exhibits the second level of hy drophobicit y; or the graphene layer exhibits a first water contact angle when the photoswitchable layer is in the state wherein the photoswitchable la y er exhibits the first level of hydrophobicity, and the graphene layer exhibits a second water contact angle when the photoswitchable layer is in the state wherein the photoswitchable la y er exhibits the second level of hydrophobicit y, and wherein a difference between the first water contact angle and the second water contact angle is within a range of 5 0 to 150 0. Currently amended

The graphene composite of Claim 1, wherein the graphene layer is disposed within 3.0 nm, 2.5 nm, 2.0 nm, or 1.5 nm of the photoswitchable layer; or directly on the photoswitchable layer. Previously presented

The graphene composite of Claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises silicon or silica. Original

The method of Claim 21, wherein forming the photoswitchable layer on the substrate comprises applying a polymer on the substrate, wherein the polymer comprises the at least one azobenzene compound conjugated to the polymer. Withdrawn

The method of Claim 21, wherein forming the photoswitchable layer on the substrate comprises: applying a polymer on the substrate; and conjugating the at least one azobenzene compound to the polymer. Withdrawn

The method of Claim 21, wherein forming the photoswitchable layer on the substrate comprises conjugating the at least one azobenzene compound with the substrate, wherein the at least one azobenzene compound comprises a silane coupling agent. Withdrawn

The method of Claim 21, wherein forming the photoswitchable layer on the substrate comprises: conjugating an amine-containing silane coupling agent with a surface of the substrate; and reacting the at least one azobenzene compound with the amine-containing silane coupling agent conjugated to the surface of the substrate. Withdrawn

32 The method of Claim 31, wherein the first radiation has a wavelength of peak emission greater than 400 nm and the second radiation has a wavelength of peak emission less than 400 nm. Withdrawn

(Withdrawn-Currently Amended) The method of Claim 31, wherein at least one of: applying the first radiation to the photoswitchable layer comprises applying the first radiation to the photoswitchable layer such that the graphene layer has a water contact angle of at least about 0; applying the second radiation to the photoswitchable layer comprises applying the second radiation to the photoswitchable layer such that the graphene layer has a water contact angle of less than or equal to about 60 0; or wherein the graphene layer exhibits a first water contact angle when the photoswitchable layer is in the state wherein the photoswitchable la y er exhibits a first level of hydrophobicit y, and the graphene layer exhibits a second water contact angle when the photoswitchable layer is in the state wherein the photoswitchable la y er exhibits a second level of hydrophobicity, and wherein a difference between the first water contact angle and the second water contact angle is within a range of 5 0 to 150.

(Withdrawn-Currently Amended) The method of claim 31, further comprising: prior to applying the second radiation to the photoswitchable layer, contacting a sample having one or more analytes with the graphene layer while the photoswitchable layer is in the state wherein the photoswitchable lay er exhibits a first level of hydrophobicity; applying a first voltage to the graphene layer such that a first current flows in the graphene layer; measuring the first current in the graphene layer while the first voltage is applied; and correlating the measured first current in the graphene layer with a concentration of the one or more analytes in the sample.

The graphene composite of Claim 1, wherein the at least one azobenzene compound is represented by a formula: R 3 --R 2 SVG 15027170.05-02-2018.JGPL₅G₃₉RXEAPX1.CLM.1.20.860.2250.1304.2473.svg 0.743 1.48 Chemistry Black and white SVG 15027170.05-02-2018.JGPL₅G₃₉RXEAPX1.CLM.1.19.1427.2123.1807.2473.svg 1.167 1.267 Chemistry Black and white N=N (I) wherein R 1 is a first functional group, R 2 is a spacer group, and R 3 is a second functional group. Currently amended

The graphene composite of Claim 1, wherein the photoswitchable layer further comprises a polymer, wherein the at least one azobenzene compound is conjugated to the polymer. Previously presented

The graphene composite of Claim 1, wherein one or more of: the photoswitchable layer has a thickness in the range of about 1 nm to about 20 nm; the graphene layer has a thickness in the range of about 0.3 nm to about 2 nm; or the graphene layer has a thickness of one to six graphene sheets. Previously presented

The graphene composite of Claim 1, wherein the graphene layer exhibits one or more of: a water contact angle in the range of about 80 0 to about 120 0 when the photoswitchable layer is in the state wherein the photoswitchable la y er exhibits the first level of hydrophobicity; a water contact angle in the range of about 10 0 to about 60 0 when the photoswitchable layer is in the state wherein the photoswitchable la y er exhibits the second level of hy drophobicit y; or the graphene layer exhibits a first water contact angle when the photoswitchable layer is in the state wherein the photoswitchable la y er exhibits the first level of hydrophobicity, and the graphene layer exhibits a second water contact angle when the photoswitchable layer is in the state wherein the photoswitchable la y er exhibits the second level of hydrophobicit y, and wherein a difference between the first water contact angle and the second water contact angle is within a range of 5 0 to 150 0. Currently amended

The graphene composite of Claim 1, wherein the graphene layer is disposed within 3.0 nm, 2.5 nm, 2.0 nm, or 1.5 nm of the photoswitchable layer; or directly on the photoswitchable layer. Previously presented

The graphene composite of Claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises silicon or silica. Original

The method of Claim 21, wherein forming the photoswitchable layer on the substrate comprises applying a polymer on the substrate, wherein the polymer comprises the at least one azobenzene compound conjugated to the polymer. Withdrawn

The method of Claim 21, wherein forming the photoswitchable layer on the substrate comprises: applying a polymer on the substrate; and conjugating the at least one azobenzene compound to the polymer. Withdrawn

The method of Claim 21, wherein forming the photoswitchable layer on the substrate comprises conjugating the at least one azobenzene compound with the substrate, wherein the at least one azobenzene compound comprises a silane coupling agent. Withdrawn

The method of Claim 21, wherein forming the photoswitchable layer on the substrate comprises: conjugating an amine-containing silane coupling agent with a surface of the substrate; and reacting the at least one azobenzene compound with the amine-containing silane coupling agent conjugated to the surface of the substrate. Withdrawn

32 The method of Claim 31, wherein the first radiation has a wavelength of peak emission greater than 400 nm and the second radiation has a wavelength of peak emission less than 400 nm. Withdrawn

(Withdrawn-Currently Amended) The method of Claim 31, wherein at least one of: applying the first radiation to the photoswitchable layer comprises applying the first radiation to the photoswitchable layer such that the graphene layer has a water contact angle of at least about 0; applying the second radiation to the photoswitchable layer comprises applying the second radiation to the photoswitchable layer such that the graphene layer has a water contact angle of less than or equal to about 60 0; or wherein the graphene layer exhibits a first water contact angle when the photoswitchable layer is in the state wherein the photoswitchable la y er exhibits a first level of hydrophobicit y, and the graphene layer exhibits a second water contact angle when the photoswitchable layer is in the state wherein the photoswitchable la y er exhibits a second level of hydrophobicity, and wherein a difference between the first water contact angle and the second water contact angle is within a range of 5 0 to 150.

(Withdrawn-Currently Amended) The method of claim 31, further comprising: prior to applying the second radiation to the photoswitchable layer, contacting a sample having one or more analytes with the graphene layer while the photoswitchable layer is in the state wherein the photoswitchable lay er exhibits a first level of hydrophobicity; applying a first voltage to the graphene layer such that a first current flows in the graphene layer; measuring the first current in the graphene layer while the first voltage is applied; and correlating the measured first current in the graphene layer with a concentration of the one or more analytes in the sample.

The graphene composite of Claim 1, wherein the at least one azobenzene compound is represented by a formula: R 3 --R 2 SVG 15027170.05-02-2018.JGPL₅G₃₉RXEAPX1.CLM.1.20.860.2250.1304.2473.svg 0.743 1.48 Chemistry Black and white SVG 15027170.05-02-2018.JGPL₅G₃₉RXEAPX1.CLM.1.19.1427.2123.1807.2473.svg 1.167 1.267 Chemistry Black and white N=N (I) wherein R 1 is a first functional group, R 2 is a spacer group, and R 3 is a second functional group. Currently amended

The graphene composite of Claim 1, wherein the photoswitchable layer further comprises a polymer, wherein the at least one azobenzene compound is conjugated to the polymer. Previously presented

The graphene composite of Claim 1, wherein one or more of: the photoswitchable layer has a thickness in the range of about 1 nm to about 20 nm; the graphene layer has a thickness in the range of about 0.3 nm to about 2 nm; or the graphene layer has a thickness of one to six graphene sheets. Previously presented

The graphene composite of Claim 1, wherein the graphene layer exhibits one or more of: a water contact angle in the range of about 80 0 to about 120 0 when the photoswitchable layer is in the state wherein the photoswitchable la y er exhibits the first level of hydrophobicity; a water contact angle in the range of about 10 0 to about 60 0 when the photoswitchable layer is in the state wherein the photoswitchable la y er exhibits the second level of hy drophobicit y; or the graphene layer exhibits a first water contact angle when the photoswitchable layer is in the state wherein the photoswitchable la y er exhibits the first level of hydrophobicity, and the graphene layer exhibits a second water contact angle when the photoswitchable layer is in the state wherein the photoswitchable la y er exhibits the second level of hydrophobicit y, and wherein a difference between the first water contact angle and the second water contact angle is within a range of 5 0 to 150 0. Currently amended

The graphene composite of Claim 1, wherein the graphene layer is disposed within 3.0 nm, 2.5 nm, 2.0 nm, or 1.5 nm of the photoswitchable layer; or directly on the photoswitchable layer. Previously presented

The graphene composite of Claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises silicon or silica. Original

The method of Claim 21, wherein forming the photoswitchable layer on the substrate comprises applying a polymer on the substrate, wherein the polymer comprises the at least one azobenzene compound conjugated to the polymer. Withdrawn

The method of Claim 21, wherein forming the photoswitchable layer on the substrate comprises: applying a polymer on the substrate; and conjugating the at least one azobenzene compound to the polymer. Withdrawn

The method of Claim 21, wherein forming the photoswitchable layer on the substrate comprises conjugating the at least one azobenzene compound with the substrate, wherein the at least one azobenzene compound comprises a silane coupling agent. Withdrawn

The method of Claim 21, wherein forming the photoswitchable layer on the substrate comprises: conjugating an amine-containing silane coupling agent with a surface of the substrate; and reacting the at least one azobenzene compound with the amine-containing silane coupling agent conjugated to the surface of the substrate. Withdrawn

32 The method of Claim 31, wherein the first radiation has a wavelength of peak emission greater than 400 nm and the second radiation has a wavelength of peak emission less than 400 nm. Withdrawn

(Withdrawn-Currently Amended) The method of Claim 31, wherein at least one of: applying the first radiation to the photoswitchable layer comprises applying the first radiation to the photoswitchable layer such that the graphene layer has a water contact angle of at least about 0; applying the second radiation to the photoswitchable layer comprises applying the second radiation to the photoswitchable layer such that the graphene layer has a water contact angle of less than or equal to about 60 0; or wherein the graphene layer exhibits a first water contact angle when the photoswitchable layer is in the state wherein the photoswitchable la y er exhibits a first level of hydrophobicit y, and the graphene layer exhibits a second water contact angle when the photoswitchable layer is in the state wherein the photoswitchable la y er exhibits a second level of hydrophobicity, and wherein a difference between the first water contact angle and the second water contact angle is within a range of 5 0 to 150.

(Withdrawn-Currently Amended) The method of claim 31, further comprising: prior to applying the second radiation to the photoswitchable layer, contacting a sample having one or more analytes with the graphene layer while the photoswitchable layer is in the state wherein the photoswitchable lay er exhibits a first level of hydrophobicity; applying a first voltage to the graphene layer such that a first current flows in the graphene layer; measuring the first current in the graphene layer while the first voltage is applied; and correlating the measured first current in the graphene layer with a concentration of the one or more analytes in the sample.