Patent
US 10,106,419METHOD OF MAKING GRAPHENE NANOCOMPOSITES BY MULTIPHASE FLUID DYNAMIC DISPERSION
Shutesh Krishnan
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,106,419Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of the present application of graphene nanocomposites dispersion from graphene and graphitic nanomaterials; and 4 [0020]
FIG. 2 shows an exemplary cross sectional view of the present application of a multiphase supersonic reactor chamber with a plurality of reactor zones.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of dispersing graphitic material, comprising: combining a gaseous material, a graphitic nanomaterial, and a liquid material within a supersonic dispersion reactor to form a multiphase mixture; directing the multiphase mixture through one or more structures to form a compressed, supersonic multiphase mixture; condensing the gaseous material within the compressed, supersonic multiphase mixture to generate nanobubbles; and decelerating the compressed, supersonic multiphase mixture through the supersonic threshold to collapse the nanobubbles and generate supersonic shock interactions that disperse the graphitic nanomaterial in the liquid material. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein combining a gaseous material, a graphitic nanomaterial, and a liquid material within a supersonic dispersion reactor comprises delivering the gaseous material into the supersonic dispersion reactor at a supersonic speed, a transonic speed, or a hypersonic speed. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the graphitic nanomaterial from the group consisting of graphene, a graphene derivative, functionalized graphitic material, intercalated graphitic material, and carbon nanotubes. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the gaseous material from the group consisting of dry air, dry steam, wet steam, and superheated steam. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the gaseous material from the group consisting of dry steam, wet steam, and superheated steam. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the liquid material from the group consisting of water, an aqueous solution, an organic solvent, inorganic solvent, oil, and a polymer. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the graphitic nanomaterial to comprise a powder having particle sizes within a range of from 10 nm to 10000 nm. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid material or the solid material is premixed with a metal or non-metal nanomaterial. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the graphitic nanomaterial to comprise graphene nanoparticles. Previously presented
9-16. Canceled
Canceled
A method of dispersing a nanomaterial, comprising: forming a compressible multiphase mixture comprising a liquid material, a graphitic nanomaterial, and a gaseous material; adjusting a flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture to greater than or equal to Mach 1; condensing the gaseous material of the compressible multiphase mixture to generate nanobubbles between particles of the graphitic nanomaterial; and decelerating the flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture through the supersonic threshold to collapse the nanobubbles and generate supersonic shock interactions to enhance dispersion of the graphitic nanomaterial in the liquid material. Previously presented
The method of claim 17, further comprising selecting the graphitic nanomaterial to comprise a powder having particle sizes within a range of from 10 nm to 100 nm. Previously presented
The method of claim 17, wherein forming a compressible multiphase mixture comprises: delivering the gaseous material into a supersonic reactor chamber at a supersonic speed, a transonic speed, or a hypersonic speed; delivering the liquid material and the graphitic material into the supersonic reactor chamber; and combining the gaseous material, the liquid material, and the graphitic material within the supersonic reactor chamber to form the compressible multiphase mixture. Previously presented
The method of claim 17, wherein adjusting a flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture to greater than or equal to Mach 1 comprises increasing the flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture from a first speed within the range of from Mach 0.7 to 0.9 to a second speed greater than Mach 1. Previously presented
The method of claim 17, wherein adjusting a flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture to greater than or equal to Mach 1 comprises directing the compressible multiphase mixture through narrowing inlet valves arranged in series to compress the compressible multiphase mixture and to increase the flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture to greater than or equal to Mach 1. Previously presented
The method of claim 17, wherein adjusting a flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture to greater than or equal to Mach 1 comprises directing the compressible multiphase mixture through narrowing inlet valves arranged in parallel to compress the compressible multiphase mixture and to increase the speed of the compressible multiphase mixture to greater than or equal to Mach 1. Previously presented
19-20. Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
A method of dispersing a graphitic nanomaterial, comprising: directing a gaseous material through a first inlet of a supersonic chamber system and into a mixing zone of the supersonic chamber system at a supersonic speed, a transonic speed, or a hypersonic speed; directing a liquid material and nano-sized graphitic particles through a second inlet of the supersonic chamber system and into the mixing zone of the supersonic chamber system; merging the gaseous material, the liquid material, and the nano-sized graphitic particles within the mixing zone of the supersonic chamber system to form a compressible multiphase mixture having a flow speed within a range of from Mach 0.7 to Mach 0.9; directing the compressible multiphase mixture through a narrowing valve zone of the supersonic chamber system to compress the compressible multiphase mixture and increase the flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture to Mach 1; directing the compressible multiphase mixture through a nanobubble generation zone of the supersonic chamber system to generate localized heat within the compressible multiphase mixture and form nanobubbles of the gaseous material between the nano-sized graphitic particles of the compressible multiphase mixture; and directing the compressible multiphase mixture through a deceleration zone of the supersonic chamber system to reduce the flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture to below Mach 1, collapse the nanobubbles of the gaseous material, and effectuate enhanced dispersion of the nano-sized graphitic particles in the liquid material. Previously presented
The method of claim 27, wherein directing a gaseous material through a first inlet of a supersonic chamber system comprises direction of the gaseous material through at least one injection nozzle to increase a fl ow speed of the gaseous material to the supersonic speed, the transonic speed, or the hypersonic speed. Currently amended
The method of claim 27, further comprising: selecting the liquid material from the group consisting of water and an aqueous solution; and selecting the nano-sized graphitic particles to consist of particles having sizes within the range of from 10 nm to 100 nm. Previously presented
The method of claim 27, wherein directing the compressible multiphase mixture through a narrowing valve zone of the supersonic chamber system comprises directing the compressible multiphase mixture through a plurality of narrowing valves arranged in series or in parallel. Previously presented
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
supersonic dispersion reactor
No layer stack recorded.
supersonic chamber system
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphitic nanomaterial
gaseous material
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Thickness | 10–10000 nm | — |
Thickness |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,106,419Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of the present application of graphene nanocomposites dispersion from graphene and graphitic nanomaterials; and 4 [0020]
FIG. 2 shows an exemplary cross sectional view of the present application of a multiphase supersonic reactor chamber with a plurality of reactor zones.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of dispersing graphitic material, comprising: combining a gaseous material, a graphitic nanomaterial, and a liquid material within a supersonic dispersion reactor to form a multiphase mixture; directing the multiphase mixture through one or more structures to form a compressed, supersonic multiphase mixture; condensing the gaseous material within the compressed, supersonic multiphase mixture to generate nanobubbles; and decelerating the compressed, supersonic multiphase mixture through the supersonic threshold to collapse the nanobubbles and generate supersonic shock interactions that disperse the graphitic nanomaterial in the liquid material. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein combining a gaseous material, a graphitic nanomaterial, and a liquid material within a supersonic dispersion reactor comprises delivering the gaseous material into the supersonic dispersion reactor at a supersonic speed, a transonic speed, or a hypersonic speed. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the graphitic nanomaterial from the group consisting of graphene, a graphene derivative, functionalized graphitic material, intercalated graphitic material, and carbon nanotubes. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the gaseous material from the group consisting of dry air, dry steam, wet steam, and superheated steam. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the gaseous material from the group consisting of dry steam, wet steam, and superheated steam. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the liquid material from the group consisting of water, an aqueous solution, an organic solvent, inorganic solvent, oil, and a polymer. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the graphitic nanomaterial to comprise a powder having particle sizes within a range of from 10 nm to 10000 nm. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid material or the solid material is premixed with a metal or non-metal nanomaterial. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the graphitic nanomaterial to comprise graphene nanoparticles. Previously presented
9-16. Canceled
Canceled
A method of dispersing a nanomaterial, comprising: forming a compressible multiphase mixture comprising a liquid material, a graphitic nanomaterial, and a gaseous material; adjusting a flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture to greater than or equal to Mach 1; condensing the gaseous material of the compressible multiphase mixture to generate nanobubbles between particles of the graphitic nanomaterial; and decelerating the flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture through the supersonic threshold to collapse the nanobubbles and generate supersonic shock interactions to enhance dispersion of the graphitic nanomaterial in the liquid material. Previously presented
The method of claim 17, further comprising selecting the graphitic nanomaterial to comprise a powder having particle sizes within a range of from 10 nm to 100 nm. Previously presented
The method of claim 17, wherein forming a compressible multiphase mixture comprises: delivering the gaseous material into a supersonic reactor chamber at a supersonic speed, a transonic speed, or a hypersonic speed; delivering the liquid material and the graphitic material into the supersonic reactor chamber; and combining the gaseous material, the liquid material, and the graphitic material within the supersonic reactor chamber to form the compressible multiphase mixture. Previously presented
The method of claim 17, wherein adjusting a flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture to greater than or equal to Mach 1 comprises increasing the flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture from a first speed within the range of from Mach 0.7 to 0.9 to a second speed greater than Mach 1. Previously presented
The method of claim 17, wherein adjusting a flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture to greater than or equal to Mach 1 comprises directing the compressible multiphase mixture through narrowing inlet valves arranged in series to compress the compressible multiphase mixture and to increase the flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture to greater than or equal to Mach 1. Previously presented
The method of claim 17, wherein adjusting a flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture to greater than or equal to Mach 1 comprises directing the compressible multiphase mixture through narrowing inlet valves arranged in parallel to compress the compressible multiphase mixture and to increase the speed of the compressible multiphase mixture to greater than or equal to Mach 1. Previously presented
19-20. Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
A method of dispersing a graphitic nanomaterial, comprising: directing a gaseous material through a first inlet of a supersonic chamber system and into a mixing zone of the supersonic chamber system at a supersonic speed, a transonic speed, or a hypersonic speed; directing a liquid material and nano-sized graphitic particles through a second inlet of the supersonic chamber system and into the mixing zone of the supersonic chamber system; merging the gaseous material, the liquid material, and the nano-sized graphitic particles within the mixing zone of the supersonic chamber system to form a compressible multiphase mixture having a flow speed within a range of from Mach 0.7 to Mach 0.9; directing the compressible multiphase mixture through a narrowing valve zone of the supersonic chamber system to compress the compressible multiphase mixture and increase the flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture to Mach 1; directing the compressible multiphase mixture through a nanobubble generation zone of the supersonic chamber system to generate localized heat within the compressible multiphase mixture and form nanobubbles of the gaseous material between the nano-sized graphitic particles of the compressible multiphase mixture; and directing the compressible multiphase mixture through a deceleration zone of the supersonic chamber system to reduce the flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture to below Mach 1, collapse the nanobubbles of the gaseous material, and effectuate enhanced dispersion of the nano-sized graphitic particles in the liquid material. Previously presented
The method of claim 27, wherein directing a gaseous material through a first inlet of a supersonic chamber system comprises direction of the gaseous material through at least one injection nozzle to increase a fl ow speed of the gaseous material to the supersonic speed, the transonic speed, or the hypersonic speed. Currently amended
The method of claim 27, further comprising: selecting the liquid material from the group consisting of water and an aqueous solution; and selecting the nano-sized graphitic particles to consist of particles having sizes within the range of from 10 nm to 100 nm. Previously presented
The method of claim 27, wherein directing the compressible multiphase mixture through a narrowing valve zone of the supersonic chamber system comprises directing the compressible multiphase mixture through a plurality of narrowing valves arranged in series or in parallel. Previously presented
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
supersonic dispersion reactor
No layer stack recorded.
supersonic chamber system
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphitic nanomaterial
gaseous material
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Thickness | 10–10000 nm | — |
Thickness |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,106,419Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of the present application of graphene nanocomposites dispersion from graphene and graphitic nanomaterials; and 4 [0020]
FIG. 2 shows an exemplary cross sectional view of the present application of a multiphase supersonic reactor chamber with a plurality of reactor zones.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of dispersing graphitic material, comprising: combining a gaseous material, a graphitic nanomaterial, and a liquid material within a supersonic dispersion reactor to form a multiphase mixture; directing the multiphase mixture through one or more structures to form a compressed, supersonic multiphase mixture; condensing the gaseous material within the compressed, supersonic multiphase mixture to generate nanobubbles; and decelerating the compressed, supersonic multiphase mixture through the supersonic threshold to collapse the nanobubbles and generate supersonic shock interactions that disperse the graphitic nanomaterial in the liquid material. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein combining a gaseous material, a graphitic nanomaterial, and a liquid material within a supersonic dispersion reactor comprises delivering the gaseous material into the supersonic dispersion reactor at a supersonic speed, a transonic speed, or a hypersonic speed. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the graphitic nanomaterial from the group consisting of graphene, a graphene derivative, functionalized graphitic material, intercalated graphitic material, and carbon nanotubes. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the gaseous material from the group consisting of dry air, dry steam, wet steam, and superheated steam. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the gaseous material from the group consisting of dry steam, wet steam, and superheated steam. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the liquid material from the group consisting of water, an aqueous solution, an organic solvent, inorganic solvent, oil, and a polymer. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the graphitic nanomaterial to comprise a powder having particle sizes within a range of from 10 nm to 10000 nm. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid material or the solid material is premixed with a metal or non-metal nanomaterial. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the graphitic nanomaterial to comprise graphene nanoparticles. Previously presented
9-16. Canceled
Canceled
A method of dispersing a nanomaterial, comprising: forming a compressible multiphase mixture comprising a liquid material, a graphitic nanomaterial, and a gaseous material; adjusting a flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture to greater than or equal to Mach 1; condensing the gaseous material of the compressible multiphase mixture to generate nanobubbles between particles of the graphitic nanomaterial; and decelerating the flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture through the supersonic threshold to collapse the nanobubbles and generate supersonic shock interactions to enhance dispersion of the graphitic nanomaterial in the liquid material. Previously presented
The method of claim 17, further comprising selecting the graphitic nanomaterial to comprise a powder having particle sizes within a range of from 10 nm to 100 nm. Previously presented
The method of claim 17, wherein forming a compressible multiphase mixture comprises: delivering the gaseous material into a supersonic reactor chamber at a supersonic speed, a transonic speed, or a hypersonic speed; delivering the liquid material and the graphitic material into the supersonic reactor chamber; and combining the gaseous material, the liquid material, and the graphitic material within the supersonic reactor chamber to form the compressible multiphase mixture. Previously presented
The method of claim 17, wherein adjusting a flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture to greater than or equal to Mach 1 comprises increasing the flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture from a first speed within the range of from Mach 0.7 to 0.9 to a second speed greater than Mach 1. Previously presented
The method of claim 17, wherein adjusting a flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture to greater than or equal to Mach 1 comprises directing the compressible multiphase mixture through narrowing inlet valves arranged in series to compress the compressible multiphase mixture and to increase the flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture to greater than or equal to Mach 1. Previously presented
The method of claim 17, wherein adjusting a flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture to greater than or equal to Mach 1 comprises directing the compressible multiphase mixture through narrowing inlet valves arranged in parallel to compress the compressible multiphase mixture and to increase the speed of the compressible multiphase mixture to greater than or equal to Mach 1. Previously presented
19-20. Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
A method of dispersing a graphitic nanomaterial, comprising: directing a gaseous material through a first inlet of a supersonic chamber system and into a mixing zone of the supersonic chamber system at a supersonic speed, a transonic speed, or a hypersonic speed; directing a liquid material and nano-sized graphitic particles through a second inlet of the supersonic chamber system and into the mixing zone of the supersonic chamber system; merging the gaseous material, the liquid material, and the nano-sized graphitic particles within the mixing zone of the supersonic chamber system to form a compressible multiphase mixture having a flow speed within a range of from Mach 0.7 to Mach 0.9; directing the compressible multiphase mixture through a narrowing valve zone of the supersonic chamber system to compress the compressible multiphase mixture and increase the flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture to Mach 1; directing the compressible multiphase mixture through a nanobubble generation zone of the supersonic chamber system to generate localized heat within the compressible multiphase mixture and form nanobubbles of the gaseous material between the nano-sized graphitic particles of the compressible multiphase mixture; and directing the compressible multiphase mixture through a deceleration zone of the supersonic chamber system to reduce the flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture to below Mach 1, collapse the nanobubbles of the gaseous material, and effectuate enhanced dispersion of the nano-sized graphitic particles in the liquid material. Previously presented
The method of claim 27, wherein directing a gaseous material through a first inlet of a supersonic chamber system comprises direction of the gaseous material through at least one injection nozzle to increase a fl ow speed of the gaseous material to the supersonic speed, the transonic speed, or the hypersonic speed. Currently amended
The method of claim 27, further comprising: selecting the liquid material from the group consisting of water and an aqueous solution; and selecting the nano-sized graphitic particles to consist of particles having sizes within the range of from 10 nm to 100 nm. Previously presented
The method of claim 27, wherein directing the compressible multiphase mixture through a narrowing valve zone of the supersonic chamber system comprises directing the compressible multiphase mixture through a plurality of narrowing valves arranged in series or in parallel. Previously presented
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
supersonic dispersion reactor
No layer stack recorded.
supersonic chamber system
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphitic nanomaterial
gaseous material
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Thickness | 10–10000 nm | — |
Thickness |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,106,419Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of the present application of graphene nanocomposites dispersion from graphene and graphitic nanomaterials; and 4 [0020]
FIG. 2 shows an exemplary cross sectional view of the present application of a multiphase supersonic reactor chamber with a plurality of reactor zones.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of dispersing graphitic material, comprising: combining a gaseous material, a graphitic nanomaterial, and a liquid material within a supersonic dispersion reactor to form a multiphase mixture; directing the multiphase mixture through one or more structures to form a compressed, supersonic multiphase mixture; condensing the gaseous material within the compressed, supersonic multiphase mixture to generate nanobubbles; and decelerating the compressed, supersonic multiphase mixture through the supersonic threshold to collapse the nanobubbles and generate supersonic shock interactions that disperse the graphitic nanomaterial in the liquid material. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein combining a gaseous material, a graphitic nanomaterial, and a liquid material within a supersonic dispersion reactor comprises delivering the gaseous material into the supersonic dispersion reactor at a supersonic speed, a transonic speed, or a hypersonic speed. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the graphitic nanomaterial from the group consisting of graphene, a graphene derivative, functionalized graphitic material, intercalated graphitic material, and carbon nanotubes. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the gaseous material from the group consisting of dry air, dry steam, wet steam, and superheated steam. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the gaseous material from the group consisting of dry steam, wet steam, and superheated steam. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the liquid material from the group consisting of water, an aqueous solution, an organic solvent, inorganic solvent, oil, and a polymer. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the graphitic nanomaterial to comprise a powder having particle sizes within a range of from 10 nm to 10000 nm. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid material or the solid material is premixed with a metal or non-metal nanomaterial. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the graphitic nanomaterial to comprise graphene nanoparticles. Previously presented
9-16. Canceled
Canceled
A method of dispersing a nanomaterial, comprising: forming a compressible multiphase mixture comprising a liquid material, a graphitic nanomaterial, and a gaseous material; adjusting a flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture to greater than or equal to Mach 1; condensing the gaseous material of the compressible multiphase mixture to generate nanobubbles between particles of the graphitic nanomaterial; and decelerating the flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture through the supersonic threshold to collapse the nanobubbles and generate supersonic shock interactions to enhance dispersion of the graphitic nanomaterial in the liquid material. Previously presented
The method of claim 17, further comprising selecting the graphitic nanomaterial to comprise a powder having particle sizes within a range of from 10 nm to 100 nm. Previously presented
The method of claim 17, wherein forming a compressible multiphase mixture comprises: delivering the gaseous material into a supersonic reactor chamber at a supersonic speed, a transonic speed, or a hypersonic speed; delivering the liquid material and the graphitic material into the supersonic reactor chamber; and combining the gaseous material, the liquid material, and the graphitic material within the supersonic reactor chamber to form the compressible multiphase mixture. Previously presented
The method of claim 17, wherein adjusting a flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture to greater than or equal to Mach 1 comprises increasing the flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture from a first speed within the range of from Mach 0.7 to 0.9 to a second speed greater than Mach 1. Previously presented
The method of claim 17, wherein adjusting a flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture to greater than or equal to Mach 1 comprises directing the compressible multiphase mixture through narrowing inlet valves arranged in series to compress the compressible multiphase mixture and to increase the flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture to greater than or equal to Mach 1. Previously presented
The method of claim 17, wherein adjusting a flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture to greater than or equal to Mach 1 comprises directing the compressible multiphase mixture through narrowing inlet valves arranged in parallel to compress the compressible multiphase mixture and to increase the speed of the compressible multiphase mixture to greater than or equal to Mach 1. Previously presented
19-20. Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
A method of dispersing a graphitic nanomaterial, comprising: directing a gaseous material through a first inlet of a supersonic chamber system and into a mixing zone of the supersonic chamber system at a supersonic speed, a transonic speed, or a hypersonic speed; directing a liquid material and nano-sized graphitic particles through a second inlet of the supersonic chamber system and into the mixing zone of the supersonic chamber system; merging the gaseous material, the liquid material, and the nano-sized graphitic particles within the mixing zone of the supersonic chamber system to form a compressible multiphase mixture having a flow speed within a range of from Mach 0.7 to Mach 0.9; directing the compressible multiphase mixture through a narrowing valve zone of the supersonic chamber system to compress the compressible multiphase mixture and increase the flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture to Mach 1; directing the compressible multiphase mixture through a nanobubble generation zone of the supersonic chamber system to generate localized heat within the compressible multiphase mixture and form nanobubbles of the gaseous material between the nano-sized graphitic particles of the compressible multiphase mixture; and directing the compressible multiphase mixture through a deceleration zone of the supersonic chamber system to reduce the flow speed of the compressible multiphase mixture to below Mach 1, collapse the nanobubbles of the gaseous material, and effectuate enhanced dispersion of the nano-sized graphitic particles in the liquid material. Previously presented
The method of claim 27, wherein directing a gaseous material through a first inlet of a supersonic chamber system comprises direction of the gaseous material through at least one injection nozzle to increase a fl ow speed of the gaseous material to the supersonic speed, the transonic speed, or the hypersonic speed. Currently amended
The method of claim 27, further comprising: selecting the liquid material from the group consisting of water and an aqueous solution; and selecting the nano-sized graphitic particles to consist of particles having sizes within the range of from 10 nm to 100 nm. Previously presented
The method of claim 27, wherein directing the compressible multiphase mixture through a narrowing valve zone of the supersonic chamber system comprises directing the compressible multiphase mixture through a plurality of narrowing valves arranged in series or in parallel. Previously presented
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
supersonic dispersion reactor
No layer stack recorded.
supersonic chamber system
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphitic nanomaterial
gaseous material
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Thickness | 10–10000 nm | — |
Thickness |
liquid material
graphene
graphene derivative
functionalized graphitic material
carbon nanotubes
dry air
dry steam
wet steam
superheated steam
water
H₂O
aqueous solution
organic solvent
inorganic solvent
oil
polymer
graphene nanoparticles
intercalated graphitic material
| — |
liquid material
graphene
graphene derivative
functionalized graphitic material
carbon nanotubes
dry air
dry steam
wet steam
superheated steam
water
H₂O
aqueous solution
organic solvent
inorganic solvent
oil
polymer
graphene nanoparticles
intercalated graphitic material
| — |
liquid material
graphene
graphene derivative
functionalized graphitic material
carbon nanotubes
dry air
dry steam
wet steam
superheated steam
water
H₂O
aqueous solution
organic solvent
inorganic solvent
oil
polymer
graphene nanoparticles
intercalated graphitic material
| — |
liquid material
graphene
graphene derivative
functionalized graphitic material
carbon nanotubes
dry air
dry steam
wet steam
superheated steam
water
H₂O
aqueous solution
organic solvent
inorganic solvent
oil
polymer
graphene nanoparticles
intercalated graphitic material
| — |