Patent
US 8,979,978GRAPHENE MEMBRANE WITH REGULAR ANGSTROM-SCALE PORES
MILLER, Seth, A., DUERKSEN, Gary, L.
EMPIRE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT, LLC·1 August 2013·US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 8,979,978Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 A is a conceptual drawing of an example graphene monolayer, illustrating the hexagonal lattice of carbon atoms and aromatic bonds characteristic of …
FIG. 2B is a conceptual drawing of a side view of an example membrane illustrating a method of separating a fluid mixture of two compounds;
FIG. 3B is a conceptual drawing showing additional operations which may be included in a method of forming a plurality of discrete pores in a graphene …
FIG. 4 depicts an example reaction scheme corresponding to the general scheme shown in
FIG. 5E depicts an example reaction scheme which employs a 1,2 diester moiety to form a 1,2 diol intermediate compound in the course of forming pores …
FIG. 6 is a flow diagram showing operations that may be used in making an example perforated graphene monolayer or a membrane thereof;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an automated machine 700 that may be used for making an example perforated graphene monolayer;
FIG. 8 illustrates a general purpose computing device that may be used to control the automated machine of
FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram of an example computer program product that may be used to control the automated machine of
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A membrane, comprising: a graphene monolayer including a plurality of discrete pores that are chemically perforated therein, each of the plurality of discrete pores having a substantially uniform pore size characterized by one or more carbon vacancy defects in the graphene monolayer such that the graphene monolayer has substantially uniform pore sizes throughout; and a permeable substrate arranged to contact the graphene monolayer, wherein the permeable substrate includes one or more of a polymer, a metal mesh, and/or porous ceramic.
The membrane of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of discrete pores is characterized by at least two carbon vacancy defects in the graphene monolayer.
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the graphene monolayer is characterized by a separation selectivity o f: H2:CH₄ of at least 200:1.
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the plurality of discrete pores is characterized by a minimum separation of at least about 4 angstroms.
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the polymer is one or more of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyurethane, polystyrene, polyolefin, aramide, aromatic polyester, carbon fiber, polysulfone, and/or polyethersulfone.
A method to form a plurality of discrete pores in a graphene monolayer, comprising: contacting a compound represented by R-Het* to a plurality of locations at the graphene monolayer, wherein: Het* is nitrene or activated oxy; 3 S/N 13/577,859 R is one of-Ra, -SO₂ Ra,-(CO)ORa, or-SiRaR bRÂ °; and Ra, R b, and R Â ° are independently aryl or heteroaryl; providing a separation distance of at least r R between adjacent l o cations in the plurality of locations, wherein r R is a minimum s teric radiu s o f R; reacting the compound represented by R-Het* with at least one graphene carbon atom Cg at each of the plurality of locations to form a plurality p of heteroatom-carbon moieties at the graphene monolayer to modify the graphene monolayer, wherein the modified graphene monolayer is represented by [R-Het-Cg]pgraphene; and forming a plurality of discrete pores in the graphene monolayer by removing the plurality p of heteroatom-carbon moieties represented by R-Het-Cg, wherein the plurality of discrete pores is characterized by a plurality of carbon vacancy defects in the graphene monolayer defined by removing the at least one graphene carbon atom Cg from the plurality of locations such that the graphene monolayer has substantially uniform pore sizes throughout.
The method of claim 6, wherein: Het* is nitrene; and each of the plurality p of heteroatom-carbon moieties at the graphene monolayer is a substituted aziridine represented by a structural formula: SVG 13577859.10-16-2014.I₁HVBNW₈PXXIFW1.CLM33096926.20.1225.2070.1486.2363.svg 0.977 0.87 Chemistry Black and white
The method of claim 6, wherein: R is -Ra; Het* is activated oxy; and 7 S/N 13/577,859 each of the plurality p of heteroatom-carbon moieties at the graphene monolayer is a compound represented by a structural formula: SVG 13577859.10-16-2014.I₁HVBNW₈PXXIFW1.CLM33096930.4.1117.504.1443.773.svg 0.897 1.087 Chemistry Black and white a compound represented by a structural formula: SVG 13577859.10-16-2014.I₁HVBNW₈PXXIFW1.CLM33096930.9.1084.949.1472.1210.svg 0.87 1.293 Chemistry Black and white
The method of claim 6, further comprising contacting the graphene monolayer with a permeable substrate, wherein the permeable substrate includes one or more of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyurethane, polystyrene, polyolefin, aramide, aromatic polyester, carbon fiber, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, a metal mesh, and/or porous ceramic.
canceled
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A method to separate a compound from a fluid mixture, comprising: 9 S/N 13/577,859 providing a fluid mixture that contains a first compound and a second compound; providing a membrane that includes a graphene monolayer that is chemically perforated by a plurality of discrete pores, wherein: each of the plurality of discrete pores is characterized by one or more carbon vacancy defects such that the graphene monolayer has substantially uniform pore sizes throughout, and each of the plurality of discrete pores is characterized by a diameter that is selective for passage of the first compound compared to the second compound; contacting the fluid mixture to a first surface of the graphene monolayer; and directing the first compound through the plurality of discrete pores to separate the first compound from the second compound. previously presented
The method of claim 23, wherein directing the first compound through the plurality of discrete pores includes directing the first compound through the plurality of discrete pores by employing a gradient across the graphene monolayer, wherein the gradient is one or more of temperature, pressure, concentration, electric field, or electrochemical potential.
The method of claim 23, wherein separation of the first compound from the second compound includesseparating the first compound from the second compound at a separation selectivity of between about 200:1 and about 1 0^ 23: 1.
The method of claim 23, wherein the first compound is one of helium, neon, argon, xenon, krypton, radon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, a nitrogen oxide, a C 1 -C₄ alkane, a silane, water, an organic solvent, or a haloacid.
canceled
A system to prepare a graphene membrane with substantially uniform pores, the system comprising: 10 S/N 13/577,859 a reagent activator configured to prepare an activated reagent from a precursor compound; a reagent applicator configured to contact the activated reagent to a plurality of locations at a graphene monolayer; a reaction chamber configured to hold the graphene monolayer; a heater configured to thermally cleave a plurality of heteroatom-carbon moieties at the graphene monolayer to form a perforated graphene monolayer; and a support substrate applicator configured to contact the perforated graphene monolayer to a support substrate.
The system of claim 28, wherein: the reagent activator includes one or more of: a resistive heating element; an infrared laser; an ultraviolet light source; and/or a reaction chamber configured to contact the precursor compound and a trivalent iodosoaryl compound; the reagent applicator includes one or more of: a solution coater; a spin coater; a dip coater; a pressurized fluid applicator; a reagent reservoir; a vacuum chamber; a condenser; and/or a chemical vapor deposition chamber; the heater includes one or more of: a reaction chamber configured to apply one of a partial pressure and flow of hydrogen; a resistive heating element; and/or an infrared laser; and the support substrate applicator includes one or more of: a solution coater, a spin coater, a dip coater, a curing oven an ultraviolet light source an etching chamber, a washing chamber, and/or a contact press. 30.-32.
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Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
perforated graphene membrane
graphene membrane preparation system
No layer stack recorded.
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene monolayer
permeable substrate
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
H2:CH4 separation selectivity | ≥ 200 ratio | graphene monolayer |
general separation selectivity range | ≥ 200 ratio |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 8,979,978Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 A is a conceptual drawing of an example graphene monolayer, illustrating the hexagonal lattice of carbon atoms and aromatic bonds characteristic of …
FIG. 2B is a conceptual drawing of a side view of an example membrane illustrating a method of separating a fluid mixture of two compounds;
FIG. 3B is a conceptual drawing showing additional operations which may be included in a method of forming a plurality of discrete pores in a graphene …
FIG. 4 depicts an example reaction scheme corresponding to the general scheme shown in
FIG. 5E depicts an example reaction scheme which employs a 1,2 diester moiety to form a 1,2 diol intermediate compound in the course of forming pores …
FIG. 6 is a flow diagram showing operations that may be used in making an example perforated graphene monolayer or a membrane thereof;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an automated machine 700 that may be used for making an example perforated graphene monolayer;
FIG. 8 illustrates a general purpose computing device that may be used to control the automated machine of
FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram of an example computer program product that may be used to control the automated machine of
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A membrane, comprising: a graphene monolayer including a plurality of discrete pores that are chemically perforated therein, each of the plurality of discrete pores having a substantially uniform pore size characterized by one or more carbon vacancy defects in the graphene monolayer such that the graphene monolayer has substantially uniform pore sizes throughout; and a permeable substrate arranged to contact the graphene monolayer, wherein the permeable substrate includes one or more of a polymer, a metal mesh, and/or porous ceramic.
The membrane of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of discrete pores is characterized by at least two carbon vacancy defects in the graphene monolayer.
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the graphene monolayer is characterized by a separation selectivity o f: H2:CH₄ of at least 200:1.
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the plurality of discrete pores is characterized by a minimum separation of at least about 4 angstroms.
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the polymer is one or more of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyurethane, polystyrene, polyolefin, aramide, aromatic polyester, carbon fiber, polysulfone, and/or polyethersulfone.
A method to form a plurality of discrete pores in a graphene monolayer, comprising: contacting a compound represented by R-Het* to a plurality of locations at the graphene monolayer, wherein: Het* is nitrene or activated oxy; 3 S/N 13/577,859 R is one of-Ra, -SO₂ Ra,-(CO)ORa, or-SiRaR bRÂ °; and Ra, R b, and R Â ° are independently aryl or heteroaryl; providing a separation distance of at least r R between adjacent l o cations in the plurality of locations, wherein r R is a minimum s teric radiu s o f R; reacting the compound represented by R-Het* with at least one graphene carbon atom Cg at each of the plurality of locations to form a plurality p of heteroatom-carbon moieties at the graphene monolayer to modify the graphene monolayer, wherein the modified graphene monolayer is represented by [R-Het-Cg]pgraphene; and forming a plurality of discrete pores in the graphene monolayer by removing the plurality p of heteroatom-carbon moieties represented by R-Het-Cg, wherein the plurality of discrete pores is characterized by a plurality of carbon vacancy defects in the graphene monolayer defined by removing the at least one graphene carbon atom Cg from the plurality of locations such that the graphene monolayer has substantially uniform pore sizes throughout.
The method of claim 6, wherein: Het* is nitrene; and each of the plurality p of heteroatom-carbon moieties at the graphene monolayer is a substituted aziridine represented by a structural formula: SVG 13577859.10-16-2014.I₁HVBNW₈PXXIFW1.CLM33096926.20.1225.2070.1486.2363.svg 0.977 0.87 Chemistry Black and white
The method of claim 6, wherein: R is -Ra; Het* is activated oxy; and 7 S/N 13/577,859 each of the plurality p of heteroatom-carbon moieties at the graphene monolayer is a compound represented by a structural formula: SVG 13577859.10-16-2014.I₁HVBNW₈PXXIFW1.CLM33096930.4.1117.504.1443.773.svg 0.897 1.087 Chemistry Black and white a compound represented by a structural formula: SVG 13577859.10-16-2014.I₁HVBNW₈PXXIFW1.CLM33096930.9.1084.949.1472.1210.svg 0.87 1.293 Chemistry Black and white
The method of claim 6, further comprising contacting the graphene monolayer with a permeable substrate, wherein the permeable substrate includes one or more of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyurethane, polystyrene, polyolefin, aramide, aromatic polyester, carbon fiber, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, a metal mesh, and/or porous ceramic.
canceled
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canceled
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canceled
A method to separate a compound from a fluid mixture, comprising: 9 S/N 13/577,859 providing a fluid mixture that contains a first compound and a second compound; providing a membrane that includes a graphene monolayer that is chemically perforated by a plurality of discrete pores, wherein: each of the plurality of discrete pores is characterized by one or more carbon vacancy defects such that the graphene monolayer has substantially uniform pore sizes throughout, and each of the plurality of discrete pores is characterized by a diameter that is selective for passage of the first compound compared to the second compound; contacting the fluid mixture to a first surface of the graphene monolayer; and directing the first compound through the plurality of discrete pores to separate the first compound from the second compound. previously presented
The method of claim 23, wherein directing the first compound through the plurality of discrete pores includes directing the first compound through the plurality of discrete pores by employing a gradient across the graphene monolayer, wherein the gradient is one or more of temperature, pressure, concentration, electric field, or electrochemical potential.
The method of claim 23, wherein separation of the first compound from the second compound includesseparating the first compound from the second compound at a separation selectivity of between about 200:1 and about 1 0^ 23: 1.
The method of claim 23, wherein the first compound is one of helium, neon, argon, xenon, krypton, radon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, a nitrogen oxide, a C 1 -C₄ alkane, a silane, water, an organic solvent, or a haloacid.
canceled
A system to prepare a graphene membrane with substantially uniform pores, the system comprising: 10 S/N 13/577,859 a reagent activator configured to prepare an activated reagent from a precursor compound; a reagent applicator configured to contact the activated reagent to a plurality of locations at a graphene monolayer; a reaction chamber configured to hold the graphene monolayer; a heater configured to thermally cleave a plurality of heteroatom-carbon moieties at the graphene monolayer to form a perforated graphene monolayer; and a support substrate applicator configured to contact the perforated graphene monolayer to a support substrate.
The system of claim 28, wherein: the reagent activator includes one or more of: a resistive heating element; an infrared laser; an ultraviolet light source; and/or a reaction chamber configured to contact the precursor compound and a trivalent iodosoaryl compound; the reagent applicator includes one or more of: a solution coater; a spin coater; a dip coater; a pressurized fluid applicator; a reagent reservoir; a vacuum chamber; a condenser; and/or a chemical vapor deposition chamber; the heater includes one or more of: a reaction chamber configured to apply one of a partial pressure and flow of hydrogen; a resistive heating element; and/or an infrared laser; and the support substrate applicator includes one or more of: a solution coater, a spin coater, a dip coater, a curing oven an ultraviolet light source an etching chamber, a washing chamber, and/or a contact press. 30.-32.
canceled
canceled
canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
perforated graphene membrane
graphene membrane preparation system
No layer stack recorded.
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene monolayer
permeable substrate
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
H2:CH4 separation selectivity | ≥ 200 ratio | graphene monolayer |
general separation selectivity range | ≥ 200 ratio |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 8,979,978Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 A is a conceptual drawing of an example graphene monolayer, illustrating the hexagonal lattice of carbon atoms and aromatic bonds characteristic of …
FIG. 2B is a conceptual drawing of a side view of an example membrane illustrating a method of separating a fluid mixture of two compounds;
FIG. 3B is a conceptual drawing showing additional operations which may be included in a method of forming a plurality of discrete pores in a graphene …
FIG. 4 depicts an example reaction scheme corresponding to the general scheme shown in
FIG. 5E depicts an example reaction scheme which employs a 1,2 diester moiety to form a 1,2 diol intermediate compound in the course of forming pores …
FIG. 6 is a flow diagram showing operations that may be used in making an example perforated graphene monolayer or a membrane thereof;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an automated machine 700 that may be used for making an example perforated graphene monolayer;
FIG. 8 illustrates a general purpose computing device that may be used to control the automated machine of
FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram of an example computer program product that may be used to control the automated machine of
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A membrane, comprising: a graphene monolayer including a plurality of discrete pores that are chemically perforated therein, each of the plurality of discrete pores having a substantially uniform pore size characterized by one or more carbon vacancy defects in the graphene monolayer such that the graphene monolayer has substantially uniform pore sizes throughout; and a permeable substrate arranged to contact the graphene monolayer, wherein the permeable substrate includes one or more of a polymer, a metal mesh, and/or porous ceramic.
The membrane of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of discrete pores is characterized by at least two carbon vacancy defects in the graphene monolayer.
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the graphene monolayer is characterized by a separation selectivity o f: H2:CH₄ of at least 200:1.
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the plurality of discrete pores is characterized by a minimum separation of at least about 4 angstroms.
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the polymer is one or more of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyurethane, polystyrene, polyolefin, aramide, aromatic polyester, carbon fiber, polysulfone, and/or polyethersulfone.
A method to form a plurality of discrete pores in a graphene monolayer, comprising: contacting a compound represented by R-Het* to a plurality of locations at the graphene monolayer, wherein: Het* is nitrene or activated oxy; 3 S/N 13/577,859 R is one of-Ra, -SO₂ Ra,-(CO)ORa, or-SiRaR bRÂ °; and Ra, R b, and R Â ° are independently aryl or heteroaryl; providing a separation distance of at least r R between adjacent l o cations in the plurality of locations, wherein r R is a minimum s teric radiu s o f R; reacting the compound represented by R-Het* with at least one graphene carbon atom Cg at each of the plurality of locations to form a plurality p of heteroatom-carbon moieties at the graphene monolayer to modify the graphene monolayer, wherein the modified graphene monolayer is represented by [R-Het-Cg]pgraphene; and forming a plurality of discrete pores in the graphene monolayer by removing the plurality p of heteroatom-carbon moieties represented by R-Het-Cg, wherein the plurality of discrete pores is characterized by a plurality of carbon vacancy defects in the graphene monolayer defined by removing the at least one graphene carbon atom Cg from the plurality of locations such that the graphene monolayer has substantially uniform pore sizes throughout.
The method of claim 6, wherein: Het* is nitrene; and each of the plurality p of heteroatom-carbon moieties at the graphene monolayer is a substituted aziridine represented by a structural formula: SVG 13577859.10-16-2014.I₁HVBNW₈PXXIFW1.CLM33096926.20.1225.2070.1486.2363.svg 0.977 0.87 Chemistry Black and white
The method of claim 6, wherein: R is -Ra; Het* is activated oxy; and 7 S/N 13/577,859 each of the plurality p of heteroatom-carbon moieties at the graphene monolayer is a compound represented by a structural formula: SVG 13577859.10-16-2014.I₁HVBNW₈PXXIFW1.CLM33096930.4.1117.504.1443.773.svg 0.897 1.087 Chemistry Black and white a compound represented by a structural formula: SVG 13577859.10-16-2014.I₁HVBNW₈PXXIFW1.CLM33096930.9.1084.949.1472.1210.svg 0.87 1.293 Chemistry Black and white
The method of claim 6, further comprising contacting the graphene monolayer with a permeable substrate, wherein the permeable substrate includes one or more of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyurethane, polystyrene, polyolefin, aramide, aromatic polyester, carbon fiber, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, a metal mesh, and/or porous ceramic.
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
A method to separate a compound from a fluid mixture, comprising: 9 S/N 13/577,859 providing a fluid mixture that contains a first compound and a second compound; providing a membrane that includes a graphene monolayer that is chemically perforated by a plurality of discrete pores, wherein: each of the plurality of discrete pores is characterized by one or more carbon vacancy defects such that the graphene monolayer has substantially uniform pore sizes throughout, and each of the plurality of discrete pores is characterized by a diameter that is selective for passage of the first compound compared to the second compound; contacting the fluid mixture to a first surface of the graphene monolayer; and directing the first compound through the plurality of discrete pores to separate the first compound from the second compound. previously presented
The method of claim 23, wherein directing the first compound through the plurality of discrete pores includes directing the first compound through the plurality of discrete pores by employing a gradient across the graphene monolayer, wherein the gradient is one or more of temperature, pressure, concentration, electric field, or electrochemical potential.
The method of claim 23, wherein separation of the first compound from the second compound includesseparating the first compound from the second compound at a separation selectivity of between about 200:1 and about 1 0^ 23: 1.
The method of claim 23, wherein the first compound is one of helium, neon, argon, xenon, krypton, radon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, a nitrogen oxide, a C 1 -C₄ alkane, a silane, water, an organic solvent, or a haloacid.
canceled
A system to prepare a graphene membrane with substantially uniform pores, the system comprising: 10 S/N 13/577,859 a reagent activator configured to prepare an activated reagent from a precursor compound; a reagent applicator configured to contact the activated reagent to a plurality of locations at a graphene monolayer; a reaction chamber configured to hold the graphene monolayer; a heater configured to thermally cleave a plurality of heteroatom-carbon moieties at the graphene monolayer to form a perforated graphene monolayer; and a support substrate applicator configured to contact the perforated graphene monolayer to a support substrate.
The system of claim 28, wherein: the reagent activator includes one or more of: a resistive heating element; an infrared laser; an ultraviolet light source; and/or a reaction chamber configured to contact the precursor compound and a trivalent iodosoaryl compound; the reagent applicator includes one or more of: a solution coater; a spin coater; a dip coater; a pressurized fluid applicator; a reagent reservoir; a vacuum chamber; a condenser; and/or a chemical vapor deposition chamber; the heater includes one or more of: a reaction chamber configured to apply one of a partial pressure and flow of hydrogen; a resistive heating element; and/or an infrared laser; and the support substrate applicator includes one or more of: a solution coater, a spin coater, a dip coater, a curing oven an ultraviolet light source an etching chamber, a washing chamber, and/or a contact press. 30.-32.
canceled
canceled
canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
perforated graphene membrane
graphene membrane preparation system
No layer stack recorded.
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene monolayer
permeable substrate
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
H2:CH4 separation selectivity | ≥ 200 ratio | graphene monolayer |
general separation selectivity range | ≥ 200 ratio |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 8,979,978Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 A is a conceptual drawing of an example graphene monolayer, illustrating the hexagonal lattice of carbon atoms and aromatic bonds characteristic of …
FIG. 2B is a conceptual drawing of a side view of an example membrane illustrating a method of separating a fluid mixture of two compounds;
FIG. 3B is a conceptual drawing showing additional operations which may be included in a method of forming a plurality of discrete pores in a graphene …
FIG. 4 depicts an example reaction scheme corresponding to the general scheme shown in
FIG. 5E depicts an example reaction scheme which employs a 1,2 diester moiety to form a 1,2 diol intermediate compound in the course of forming pores …
FIG. 6 is a flow diagram showing operations that may be used in making an example perforated graphene monolayer or a membrane thereof;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an automated machine 700 that may be used for making an example perforated graphene monolayer;
FIG. 8 illustrates a general purpose computing device that may be used to control the automated machine of
FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram of an example computer program product that may be used to control the automated machine of
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A membrane, comprising: a graphene monolayer including a plurality of discrete pores that are chemically perforated therein, each of the plurality of discrete pores having a substantially uniform pore size characterized by one or more carbon vacancy defects in the graphene monolayer such that the graphene monolayer has substantially uniform pore sizes throughout; and a permeable substrate arranged to contact the graphene monolayer, wherein the permeable substrate includes one or more of a polymer, a metal mesh, and/or porous ceramic.
The membrane of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of discrete pores is characterized by at least two carbon vacancy defects in the graphene monolayer.
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the graphene monolayer is characterized by a separation selectivity o f: H2:CH₄ of at least 200:1.
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the plurality of discrete pores is characterized by a minimum separation of at least about 4 angstroms.
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the polymer is one or more of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyurethane, polystyrene, polyolefin, aramide, aromatic polyester, carbon fiber, polysulfone, and/or polyethersulfone.
A method to form a plurality of discrete pores in a graphene monolayer, comprising: contacting a compound represented by R-Het* to a plurality of locations at the graphene monolayer, wherein: Het* is nitrene or activated oxy; 3 S/N 13/577,859 R is one of-Ra, -SO₂ Ra,-(CO)ORa, or-SiRaR bRÂ °; and Ra, R b, and R Â ° are independently aryl or heteroaryl; providing a separation distance of at least r R between adjacent l o cations in the plurality of locations, wherein r R is a minimum s teric radiu s o f R; reacting the compound represented by R-Het* with at least one graphene carbon atom Cg at each of the plurality of locations to form a plurality p of heteroatom-carbon moieties at the graphene monolayer to modify the graphene monolayer, wherein the modified graphene monolayer is represented by [R-Het-Cg]pgraphene; and forming a plurality of discrete pores in the graphene monolayer by removing the plurality p of heteroatom-carbon moieties represented by R-Het-Cg, wherein the plurality of discrete pores is characterized by a plurality of carbon vacancy defects in the graphene monolayer defined by removing the at least one graphene carbon atom Cg from the plurality of locations such that the graphene monolayer has substantially uniform pore sizes throughout.
The method of claim 6, wherein: Het* is nitrene; and each of the plurality p of heteroatom-carbon moieties at the graphene monolayer is a substituted aziridine represented by a structural formula: SVG 13577859.10-16-2014.I₁HVBNW₈PXXIFW1.CLM33096926.20.1225.2070.1486.2363.svg 0.977 0.87 Chemistry Black and white
The method of claim 6, wherein: R is -Ra; Het* is activated oxy; and 7 S/N 13/577,859 each of the plurality p of heteroatom-carbon moieties at the graphene monolayer is a compound represented by a structural formula: SVG 13577859.10-16-2014.I₁HVBNW₈PXXIFW1.CLM33096930.4.1117.504.1443.773.svg 0.897 1.087 Chemistry Black and white a compound represented by a structural formula: SVG 13577859.10-16-2014.I₁HVBNW₈PXXIFW1.CLM33096930.9.1084.949.1472.1210.svg 0.87 1.293 Chemistry Black and white
The method of claim 6, further comprising contacting the graphene monolayer with a permeable substrate, wherein the permeable substrate includes one or more of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyurethane, polystyrene, polyolefin, aramide, aromatic polyester, carbon fiber, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, a metal mesh, and/or porous ceramic.
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
A method to separate a compound from a fluid mixture, comprising: 9 S/N 13/577,859 providing a fluid mixture that contains a first compound and a second compound; providing a membrane that includes a graphene monolayer that is chemically perforated by a plurality of discrete pores, wherein: each of the plurality of discrete pores is characterized by one or more carbon vacancy defects such that the graphene monolayer has substantially uniform pore sizes throughout, and each of the plurality of discrete pores is characterized by a diameter that is selective for passage of the first compound compared to the second compound; contacting the fluid mixture to a first surface of the graphene monolayer; and directing the first compound through the plurality of discrete pores to separate the first compound from the second compound. previously presented
The method of claim 23, wherein directing the first compound through the plurality of discrete pores includes directing the first compound through the plurality of discrete pores by employing a gradient across the graphene monolayer, wherein the gradient is one or more of temperature, pressure, concentration, electric field, or electrochemical potential.
The method of claim 23, wherein separation of the first compound from the second compound includesseparating the first compound from the second compound at a separation selectivity of between about 200:1 and about 1 0^ 23: 1.
The method of claim 23, wherein the first compound is one of helium, neon, argon, xenon, krypton, radon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, a nitrogen oxide, a C 1 -C₄ alkane, a silane, water, an organic solvent, or a haloacid.
canceled
A system to prepare a graphene membrane with substantially uniform pores, the system comprising: 10 S/N 13/577,859 a reagent activator configured to prepare an activated reagent from a precursor compound; a reagent applicator configured to contact the activated reagent to a plurality of locations at a graphene monolayer; a reaction chamber configured to hold the graphene monolayer; a heater configured to thermally cleave a plurality of heteroatom-carbon moieties at the graphene monolayer to form a perforated graphene monolayer; and a support substrate applicator configured to contact the perforated graphene monolayer to a support substrate.
The system of claim 28, wherein: the reagent activator includes one or more of: a resistive heating element; an infrared laser; an ultraviolet light source; and/or a reaction chamber configured to contact the precursor compound and a trivalent iodosoaryl compound; the reagent applicator includes one or more of: a solution coater; a spin coater; a dip coater; a pressurized fluid applicator; a reagent reservoir; a vacuum chamber; a condenser; and/or a chemical vapor deposition chamber; the heater includes one or more of: a reaction chamber configured to apply one of a partial pressure and flow of hydrogen; a resistive heating element; and/or an infrared laser; and the support substrate applicator includes one or more of: a solution coater, a spin coater, a dip coater, a curing oven an ultraviolet light source an etching chamber, a washing chamber, and/or a contact press. 30.-32.
canceled
canceled
canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
perforated graphene membrane
graphene membrane preparation system
No layer stack recorded.
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene monolayer
permeable substrate
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
H2:CH4 separation selectivity | ≥ 200 ratio | graphene monolayer |
general separation selectivity range | ≥ 200 ratio |
minimum pore separation distance | ≥ 4 angstroms | graphene monolayer |
Pressure | 0.1–10 Torr | — |
Thickness | 1–100 Å | — |
Duration | 60–43200 s | — |
Duration | 600–14400 s | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Pressure | 1–7600 Torr | — |
Pressure | 1–760 Torr | — |
Pressure | 10–100 Torr | — |
Flow Rate | 1–25 sccm | — |
Flow Rate | 1–5 sccm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 Å | — |
Thickness | ≥ 4 Å | — |
minimum pore separation distance | ≥ 4 angstroms | graphene monolayer |
Pressure | 0.1–10 Torr | — |
Thickness | 1–100 Å | — |
Duration | 60–43200 s | — |
Duration | 600–14400 s | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Pressure | 1–7600 Torr | — |
Pressure | 1–760 Torr | — |
Pressure | 10–100 Torr | — |
Flow Rate | 1–25 sccm | — |
Flow Rate | 1–5 sccm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 Å | — |
Thickness | ≥ 4 Å | — |
minimum pore separation distance | ≥ 4 angstroms | graphene monolayer |
Pressure | 0.1–10 Torr | — |
Thickness | 1–100 Å | — |
Duration | 60–43200 s | — |
Duration | 600–14400 s | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Pressure | 1–7600 Torr | — |
Pressure | 1–760 Torr | — |
Pressure | 10–100 Torr | — |
Flow Rate | 1–25 sccm | — |
Flow Rate | 1–5 sccm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 Å | — |
Thickness | ≥ 4 Å | — |
minimum pore separation distance | ≥ 4 angstroms | graphene monolayer |
Pressure | 0.1–10 Torr | — |
Thickness | 1–100 Å | — |
Duration | 60–43200 s | — |
Duration | 600–14400 s | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Pressure | 1–7600 Torr | — |
Pressure | 1–760 Torr | — |
Pressure | 10–100 Torr | — |
Flow Rate | 1–25 sccm | — |
Flow Rate | 1–5 sccm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 Å | — |
Thickness | ≥ 4 Å | — |