Patent
US 9,557,480GRAPHENE COUPLED MIM RECTIFIER ESPECIALLY FOR USE IN MONOLITHIC BROADBAND INFRARED ENERGY COLLECTOR
John T. Apostolos, Patricia Bodan, William Mouyos, Milton Feng et al.
AMI R&D·US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,557,480Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
An electromagnetic energy collector apparatus comprising: a planar waveguide having a top surface, a bottom surface, and a w SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.7.1796.804.1921.838.svg 0.113 0.417 Chemistry Black and white de core- kwy SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.7.2144.804.2195.836.svg 0.107 0.17 Chemistry Black and white the waxegucide core v SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.8.797.878.2192.924.svg 0.153 4.65 Chemistry Black and white a propagation axis parallel to the top surface and SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.9.1252.964.1463.1008.svg 0.147 0.703 Chemistry Black and white surface, the waveguide SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.9.1949.964.2184.1008.svg 0.147 0.783 Chemistry Black and white including multiple material layers having at least two different dielectric constants; a prism disposed on the top surface of the SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.11.1295.1192.1380.1233.svg 0.137 0.283 Chemistry Black and white ar waveguide and coextensive with the propagation axis of the planar waveguide, for providing electromagnetic energy to the SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.12.2035.1274.2153.1319.svg 0.15 0.393 Chemistry Black and white waveguide; two or more mirrors formed within the waveguide core, each of the mirrors having a surface disposed at a critical angle to the propagation axis, and 4t-e:ch mirror surface extending from at least a top surface to a bottom surface of the waveguide core, and each of the mirrors disposed in parallel with at least one another mirror; and at least one metal-insulator-metal (M I M) rectifier aligned with each mirror and disposed beneath the bottom surface of the plan- waveguide, further comprising an insulator consisting of a native oxi d e an d a-SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.20.714.2064.1065.2109.svg 0.15 1.17 Chemistry Black and white layer.
The apparatus of claim 1 where the g; SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.21.1472.2205.1578.2245.svg 0.133 0.353 Chemistry Black and white -gaphene l ayer is doped.
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein a dielectric constant of a material used to form each of the mirror surfaces differs from a dielectric constant of an area adjacent each respective one of the mirror surfaces to provide Total Internal Reflection (TIR) of energy reflected by the mirrors.
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the mirror surfaces are formed on a planar surface etched at an angle into the waveguide. Serial No. 14/832,152 Examiner: Eric R. Smith Filed: Group Art Unit: 1757 Page 5 of 11
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein a plurality of M I M rectifiers are disposed in a column beneath each mirror, each of the plurality of M IM rectifiers vertically aligned with at least one other M I M rectifier.
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the M I M rectifiers are bowtie elements.
The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising: a coupling layer disposed between and coextensive with the prism and the waveguide.
An electromagnetic energy collector apparatus comprising: a planar waveguide having a top surface, a bottom surface, and a w SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.2.24.1796.2588.1921.2622.svg 0.113 0.417 Chemistry Black and white de core -kwyer, the w.x geguie core SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.2.25.701.2662.2120.2708.svg 0.153 4.73 Chemistry Black and white ing a propagation axis parallel to the top surface and bottom surface, the waveguide SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.2.26.1877.2748.2015.2792.svg 0.147 0.46 Chemistry Black and white rther including multiple material layers having at least two different dielectric constants; Serial No. 14/832,152 Examiner: Eric R. Smith Filed: Group Art Unit: 1757 Page 6 of 11 a prism disposed on the top surface of the waveguide and coextensive with the propagation axis of the planar waveguide, for providing electromagnetic energy to the SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.3.5.2034.489.2152.533.svg 0.147 0.393 Chemistry Black and white waveguide; two or more mirrors formed within the waveguide core, each of the mirrors having a surface disposed at a critical angle to the propagation axis, and the mirror surface extending from at least a top surf ace to a bottom surface of the waveguide core, and each of the mirrors disposed in parallel with at least one another mirror; and at least one metal-insulator-metal (M I M) detector aligned with each mirror and disposed beneath the bottom surface of the SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.3.12.980.1196.1064.1237.svg 0.137 0.28 Chemistry Black and white ar waveguide.
The apparatus of claim 12 wherein a dielectric constant of a material used to form each of the mirror surfaces differs from a dielectric constant of an area adjacent each respective one of the mirror surfaces to provide Total Internal Reflection (TIR) of energy reflected by the mirrors.
The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the mirror surfaces are formed on a planar surface etched at an angle into the waveguide.
The apparatus of claim 12 wherein a plurality of MIM detectors are disposed in a column beneath each mirror, each of the plurality of M IM detectors vertically aligned with at least one other M I M detector.
The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the MIM detectors are bowtie elements.
The apparatus of claim 12 further comprising: a coupling layer disposed between and coextensive with the prism and the waveguide.
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
electromagnetic energy collector with MIM rectifier and graphene-native oxide insulator
Materials described outside the worked examples.
native oxide
graphene
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Thickness | 400–1200 nm | — |
Thickness |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,557,480Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
An electromagnetic energy collector apparatus comprising: a planar waveguide having a top surface, a bottom surface, and a w SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.7.1796.804.1921.838.svg 0.113 0.417 Chemistry Black and white de core- kwy SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.7.2144.804.2195.836.svg 0.107 0.17 Chemistry Black and white the waxegucide core v SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.8.797.878.2192.924.svg 0.153 4.65 Chemistry Black and white a propagation axis parallel to the top surface and SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.9.1252.964.1463.1008.svg 0.147 0.703 Chemistry Black and white surface, the waveguide SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.9.1949.964.2184.1008.svg 0.147 0.783 Chemistry Black and white including multiple material layers having at least two different dielectric constants; a prism disposed on the top surface of the SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.11.1295.1192.1380.1233.svg 0.137 0.283 Chemistry Black and white ar waveguide and coextensive with the propagation axis of the planar waveguide, for providing electromagnetic energy to the SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.12.2035.1274.2153.1319.svg 0.15 0.393 Chemistry Black and white waveguide; two or more mirrors formed within the waveguide core, each of the mirrors having a surface disposed at a critical angle to the propagation axis, and 4t-e:ch mirror surface extending from at least a top surface to a bottom surface of the waveguide core, and each of the mirrors disposed in parallel with at least one another mirror; and at least one metal-insulator-metal (M I M) rectifier aligned with each mirror and disposed beneath the bottom surface of the plan- waveguide, further comprising an insulator consisting of a native oxi d e an d a-SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.20.714.2064.1065.2109.svg 0.15 1.17 Chemistry Black and white layer.
The apparatus of claim 1 where the g; SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.21.1472.2205.1578.2245.svg 0.133 0.353 Chemistry Black and white -gaphene l ayer is doped.
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein a dielectric constant of a material used to form each of the mirror surfaces differs from a dielectric constant of an area adjacent each respective one of the mirror surfaces to provide Total Internal Reflection (TIR) of energy reflected by the mirrors.
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the mirror surfaces are formed on a planar surface etched at an angle into the waveguide. Serial No. 14/832,152 Examiner: Eric R. Smith Filed: Group Art Unit: 1757 Page 5 of 11
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein a plurality of M I M rectifiers are disposed in a column beneath each mirror, each of the plurality of M IM rectifiers vertically aligned with at least one other M I M rectifier.
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the M I M rectifiers are bowtie elements.
The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising: a coupling layer disposed between and coextensive with the prism and the waveguide.
An electromagnetic energy collector apparatus comprising: a planar waveguide having a top surface, a bottom surface, and a w SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.2.24.1796.2588.1921.2622.svg 0.113 0.417 Chemistry Black and white de core -kwyer, the w.x geguie core SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.2.25.701.2662.2120.2708.svg 0.153 4.73 Chemistry Black and white ing a propagation axis parallel to the top surface and bottom surface, the waveguide SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.2.26.1877.2748.2015.2792.svg 0.147 0.46 Chemistry Black and white rther including multiple material layers having at least two different dielectric constants; Serial No. 14/832,152 Examiner: Eric R. Smith Filed: Group Art Unit: 1757 Page 6 of 11 a prism disposed on the top surface of the waveguide and coextensive with the propagation axis of the planar waveguide, for providing electromagnetic energy to the SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.3.5.2034.489.2152.533.svg 0.147 0.393 Chemistry Black and white waveguide; two or more mirrors formed within the waveguide core, each of the mirrors having a surface disposed at a critical angle to the propagation axis, and the mirror surface extending from at least a top surf ace to a bottom surface of the waveguide core, and each of the mirrors disposed in parallel with at least one another mirror; and at least one metal-insulator-metal (M I M) detector aligned with each mirror and disposed beneath the bottom surface of the SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.3.12.980.1196.1064.1237.svg 0.137 0.28 Chemistry Black and white ar waveguide.
The apparatus of claim 12 wherein a dielectric constant of a material used to form each of the mirror surfaces differs from a dielectric constant of an area adjacent each respective one of the mirror surfaces to provide Total Internal Reflection (TIR) of energy reflected by the mirrors.
The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the mirror surfaces are formed on a planar surface etched at an angle into the waveguide.
The apparatus of claim 12 wherein a plurality of MIM detectors are disposed in a column beneath each mirror, each of the plurality of M IM detectors vertically aligned with at least one other M I M detector.
The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the MIM detectors are bowtie elements.
The apparatus of claim 12 further comprising: a coupling layer disposed between and coextensive with the prism and the waveguide.
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
electromagnetic energy collector with MIM rectifier and graphene-native oxide insulator
Materials described outside the worked examples.
native oxide
graphene
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Thickness | 400–1200 nm | — |
Thickness |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,557,480Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
An electromagnetic energy collector apparatus comprising: a planar waveguide having a top surface, a bottom surface, and a w SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.7.1796.804.1921.838.svg 0.113 0.417 Chemistry Black and white de core- kwy SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.7.2144.804.2195.836.svg 0.107 0.17 Chemistry Black and white the waxegucide core v SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.8.797.878.2192.924.svg 0.153 4.65 Chemistry Black and white a propagation axis parallel to the top surface and SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.9.1252.964.1463.1008.svg 0.147 0.703 Chemistry Black and white surface, the waveguide SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.9.1949.964.2184.1008.svg 0.147 0.783 Chemistry Black and white including multiple material layers having at least two different dielectric constants; a prism disposed on the top surface of the SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.11.1295.1192.1380.1233.svg 0.137 0.283 Chemistry Black and white ar waveguide and coextensive with the propagation axis of the planar waveguide, for providing electromagnetic energy to the SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.12.2035.1274.2153.1319.svg 0.15 0.393 Chemistry Black and white waveguide; two or more mirrors formed within the waveguide core, each of the mirrors having a surface disposed at a critical angle to the propagation axis, and 4t-e:ch mirror surface extending from at least a top surface to a bottom surface of the waveguide core, and each of the mirrors disposed in parallel with at least one another mirror; and at least one metal-insulator-metal (M I M) rectifier aligned with each mirror and disposed beneath the bottom surface of the plan- waveguide, further comprising an insulator consisting of a native oxi d e an d a-SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.20.714.2064.1065.2109.svg 0.15 1.17 Chemistry Black and white layer.
The apparatus of claim 1 where the g; SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.21.1472.2205.1578.2245.svg 0.133 0.353 Chemistry Black and white -gaphene l ayer is doped.
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein a dielectric constant of a material used to form each of the mirror surfaces differs from a dielectric constant of an area adjacent each respective one of the mirror surfaces to provide Total Internal Reflection (TIR) of energy reflected by the mirrors.
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the mirror surfaces are formed on a planar surface etched at an angle into the waveguide. Serial No. 14/832,152 Examiner: Eric R. Smith Filed: Group Art Unit: 1757 Page 5 of 11
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein a plurality of M I M rectifiers are disposed in a column beneath each mirror, each of the plurality of M IM rectifiers vertically aligned with at least one other M I M rectifier.
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the M I M rectifiers are bowtie elements.
The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising: a coupling layer disposed between and coextensive with the prism and the waveguide.
An electromagnetic energy collector apparatus comprising: a planar waveguide having a top surface, a bottom surface, and a w SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.2.24.1796.2588.1921.2622.svg 0.113 0.417 Chemistry Black and white de core -kwyer, the w.x geguie core SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.2.25.701.2662.2120.2708.svg 0.153 4.73 Chemistry Black and white ing a propagation axis parallel to the top surface and bottom surface, the waveguide SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.2.26.1877.2748.2015.2792.svg 0.147 0.46 Chemistry Black and white rther including multiple material layers having at least two different dielectric constants; Serial No. 14/832,152 Examiner: Eric R. Smith Filed: Group Art Unit: 1757 Page 6 of 11 a prism disposed on the top surface of the waveguide and coextensive with the propagation axis of the planar waveguide, for providing electromagnetic energy to the SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.3.5.2034.489.2152.533.svg 0.147 0.393 Chemistry Black and white waveguide; two or more mirrors formed within the waveguide core, each of the mirrors having a surface disposed at a critical angle to the propagation axis, and the mirror surface extending from at least a top surf ace to a bottom surface of the waveguide core, and each of the mirrors disposed in parallel with at least one another mirror; and at least one metal-insulator-metal (M I M) detector aligned with each mirror and disposed beneath the bottom surface of the SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.3.12.980.1196.1064.1237.svg 0.137 0.28 Chemistry Black and white ar waveguide.
The apparatus of claim 12 wherein a dielectric constant of a material used to form each of the mirror surfaces differs from a dielectric constant of an area adjacent each respective one of the mirror surfaces to provide Total Internal Reflection (TIR) of energy reflected by the mirrors.
The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the mirror surfaces are formed on a planar surface etched at an angle into the waveguide.
The apparatus of claim 12 wherein a plurality of MIM detectors are disposed in a column beneath each mirror, each of the plurality of M IM detectors vertically aligned with at least one other M I M detector.
The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the MIM detectors are bowtie elements.
The apparatus of claim 12 further comprising: a coupling layer disposed between and coextensive with the prism and the waveguide.
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
electromagnetic energy collector with MIM rectifier and graphene-native oxide insulator
Materials described outside the worked examples.
native oxide
graphene
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Thickness | 400–1200 nm | — |
Thickness |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,557,480Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
An electromagnetic energy collector apparatus comprising: a planar waveguide having a top surface, a bottom surface, and a w SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.7.1796.804.1921.838.svg 0.113 0.417 Chemistry Black and white de core- kwy SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.7.2144.804.2195.836.svg 0.107 0.17 Chemistry Black and white the waxegucide core v SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.8.797.878.2192.924.svg 0.153 4.65 Chemistry Black and white a propagation axis parallel to the top surface and SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.9.1252.964.1463.1008.svg 0.147 0.703 Chemistry Black and white surface, the waveguide SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.9.1949.964.2184.1008.svg 0.147 0.783 Chemistry Black and white including multiple material layers having at least two different dielectric constants; a prism disposed on the top surface of the SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.11.1295.1192.1380.1233.svg 0.137 0.283 Chemistry Black and white ar waveguide and coextensive with the propagation axis of the planar waveguide, for providing electromagnetic energy to the SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.12.2035.1274.2153.1319.svg 0.15 0.393 Chemistry Black and white waveguide; two or more mirrors formed within the waveguide core, each of the mirrors having a surface disposed at a critical angle to the propagation axis, and 4t-e:ch mirror surface extending from at least a top surface to a bottom surface of the waveguide core, and each of the mirrors disposed in parallel with at least one another mirror; and at least one metal-insulator-metal (M I M) rectifier aligned with each mirror and disposed beneath the bottom surface of the plan- waveguide, further comprising an insulator consisting of a native oxi d e an d a-SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.20.714.2064.1065.2109.svg 0.15 1.17 Chemistry Black and white layer.
The apparatus of claim 1 where the g; SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.1.21.1472.2205.1578.2245.svg 0.133 0.353 Chemistry Black and white -gaphene l ayer is doped.
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein a dielectric constant of a material used to form each of the mirror surfaces differs from a dielectric constant of an area adjacent each respective one of the mirror surfaces to provide Total Internal Reflection (TIR) of energy reflected by the mirrors.
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the mirror surfaces are formed on a planar surface etched at an angle into the waveguide. Serial No. 14/832,152 Examiner: Eric R. Smith Filed: Group Art Unit: 1757 Page 5 of 11
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein a plurality of M I M rectifiers are disposed in a column beneath each mirror, each of the plurality of M IM rectifiers vertically aligned with at least one other M I M rectifier.
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the M I M rectifiers are bowtie elements.
The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising: a coupling layer disposed between and coextensive with the prism and the waveguide.
An electromagnetic energy collector apparatus comprising: a planar waveguide having a top surface, a bottom surface, and a w SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.2.24.1796.2588.1921.2622.svg 0.113 0.417 Chemistry Black and white de core -kwyer, the w.x geguie core SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.2.25.701.2662.2120.2708.svg 0.153 4.73 Chemistry Black and white ing a propagation axis parallel to the top surface and bottom surface, the waveguide SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.2.26.1877.2748.2015.2792.svg 0.147 0.46 Chemistry Black and white rther including multiple material layers having at least two different dielectric constants; Serial No. 14/832,152 Examiner: Eric R. Smith Filed: Group Art Unit: 1757 Page 6 of 11 a prism disposed on the top surface of the waveguide and coextensive with the propagation axis of the planar waveguide, for providing electromagnetic energy to the SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.3.5.2034.489.2152.533.svg 0.147 0.393 Chemistry Black and white waveguide; two or more mirrors formed within the waveguide core, each of the mirrors having a surface disposed at a critical angle to the propagation axis, and the mirror surface extending from at least a top surf ace to a bottom surface of the waveguide core, and each of the mirrors disposed in parallel with at least one another mirror; and at least one metal-insulator-metal (M I M) detector aligned with each mirror and disposed beneath the bottom surface of the SVG 14832152.08-19-2016.IS₁X₂₃VJRXEAPX0.CLM.3.12.980.1196.1064.1237.svg 0.137 0.28 Chemistry Black and white ar waveguide.
The apparatus of claim 12 wherein a dielectric constant of a material used to form each of the mirror surfaces differs from a dielectric constant of an area adjacent each respective one of the mirror surfaces to provide Total Internal Reflection (TIR) of energy reflected by the mirrors.
The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the mirror surfaces are formed on a planar surface etched at an angle into the waveguide.
The apparatus of claim 12 wherein a plurality of MIM detectors are disposed in a column beneath each mirror, each of the plurality of M IM detectors vertically aligned with at least one other M I M detector.
The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the MIM detectors are bowtie elements.
The apparatus of claim 12 further comprising: a coupling layer disposed between and coextensive with the prism and the waveguide.
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
electromagnetic energy collector with MIM rectifier and graphene-native oxide insulator
Materials described outside the worked examples.
native oxide
graphene
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Thickness | 400–1200 nm | — |
Thickness |
electromagnetic energy collector with MIM detector (no graphene insulator specified)
doped graphene
MgF
| — |
Thickness | 400–580 nm | — |
Thickness | 840–1200 nm | — |
Thickness | 580–840 nm | — |
Thickness | 400–500 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–2 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 660 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 660 nm | — |
electromagnetic energy collector with MIM detector (no graphene insulator specified)
doped graphene
MgF
| — |
Thickness | 400–580 nm | — |
Thickness | 840–1200 nm | — |
Thickness | 580–840 nm | — |
Thickness | 400–500 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–2 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 660 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 660 nm | — |
electromagnetic energy collector with MIM detector (no graphene insulator specified)
doped graphene
MgF
| — |
Thickness | 400–580 nm | — |
Thickness | 840–1200 nm | — |
Thickness | 580–840 nm | — |
Thickness | 400–500 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–2 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 660 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 660 nm | — |
electromagnetic energy collector with MIM detector (no graphene insulator specified)
doped graphene
MgF
| — |
Thickness | 400–580 nm | — |
Thickness | 840–1200 nm | — |
Thickness | 580–840 nm | — |
Thickness | 400–500 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–2 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 660 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 660 nm | — |