Patent
US 9,833,913Graphene Composite Hand-held and Hand-Heated Thawing Tool
Bor Z. Jang, Aruna Zhamu
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,833,913Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG.1 Schematic of a hand-held and hand-heated thawing tool consisting of a handling or holding portion 12 and a functional or thawing portion 10.
FIG.2 (a) Schematic of a composite thawing tool wherein the graphene composite material essentially runs in the entire composite; (b) graphene or graphene …
FIG. 3. This is most often accomplished by immersing natural graphite 10 powder (100 in
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A piece of hand-held thawing tableware comprising a handling portion and a functional portion wherein one or both portions comprises a composite material comprising 1 -90% by weight of a conductivity-enhancing graphene phase dispersed in or bonded by a matrix material of 1 0-99% by weight based on a total composite weight, wherein said graphene phase has a platelet morphology and has a thermal conductivity from 1,000 W/mK to 1,800 W/mK and contains a graphene material selected from platelets or sheets of pristine graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, doped graphene, nitrogenated graphene, hydrogenated graphene, halogenated graphene, CVD graphene, functionalized graphene, or a layer of unitary graphene or graphene single crystal, or a combination thereof and wherein said matrix material is selected from a metal, a polymer, a, a carbon,, or a combination thereof, wherein said handling portion, adapted to transfer heat when held, transfers heat to said functional portion for thawing or melting an object. Currently amended
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said composite material has a thermal conductivity greater than 300 W/mK. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said composite material has a thermal conductivity greater than 500 W/mK. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said composite material has a thermal conductivity greater than. 1,000 W/mK. Currently amended
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said matrix material comprises steel, aluminum, copper, zinc, or tin. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said functional portion reaches a temperature of at least 30 ° C when said handling portion is held, by a human hand for 10 seconds or less. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said functional portion reaches a temperature of at least 34 ° C when said handling portion is held by a human hand for 10 seconds or less. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said functional portion reaches a temperature sufficient to thaw said object when said handling portion is held by a human hand for 10 seconds or less. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said functional portion reaches a temperature sufficient to thaw said object when said handling portion is held by a human hand for 5 seconds or less. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said composite material has a skin zone and a core zone and said skin zone is a graphene- rich zone having a higher graphene proportion than said core zone. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said composite material has a skin zone and a core zone and said skin zone is a graphene- poor zone having a lower graphene proportion than said core zone. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said composite material further comprises a thermally conductive additive selected from a graphite particle, expanded graphite flake, flexible graphite sheet, pyrolytic graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, activated carbon, meso-phase carbon, needle coke, meso- phase carbon, carbon fiber, graphite fiber, carbon nano-fiber, graphitic nano-fiber, carbon nano- tube, metal particles, metal fiber, metal nano-wire, or a combination thereof. Previously presented
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
A piece of hand-held thawing tableware, comprising a handling portion and a functional portion wherein one or both portions comprises a composite material having a thermal conductivity greater than 1,000 W/mK comprising a conductivity- enhancing carbon or graphite phase of 1 -90% by weight dispersed in or bonded by a matrix material of 1 0-99% by weight based on a total composite weight, adapted to transfer heat when held, which transfers heat to said functional portion for thawing or melting an object. Currently amended
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 17, wherein said carbon or graphite phase is selected from graphite particle, expanded graphite flake, flexible graphite sheet, pyrolytic graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, activated carbon, meso-phase carbon, needle coke, meso-phase carbon, carbon fiber, graphite fiber, carbon nano-fiber, graphitic nano-fiber, carbon nanotube, a combination thereof, or a combination with a metal particle, metal fiber, or metal nanowire. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 17, wherein said composite material has a skin zone and a core zone and said skin zone has a higher carbon- or graphite proportion than said core zone. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 17, wherein said matrix material is selected from a metal, a polymer, a glass, a carbon, a ceramic material, or a combination thereof. Previously presented
A piece of hand-held thawing tableware comprising a handling portion and a functional portion wherein one or both portions comprises a composite material comprising 1-90% by weight of a conductivity-enhancing graphene phase dispersed in or bonded by a matrix material of 1 0-99% by weight based on a total composite weight, wherein said graphene phase has a platelet morphology and has a thermal conductivity from 1,000 W/mK to 1,800 W/mK and is selected from platelets or sheets of pristine graphene, graphene, nitrogenated graphene, hydrogenated functionalized graphene, or a layer of unitary combination thereof and wherein said matrix ceramic material, wherein said handling portion, heat to said functional portion for thawing or graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, doped graphene, halogenated graphene, CVD graphene, graphene or graphene single crystal, or a material is selected from a glass material and a adapted to transfer heat when held, transfers melting an object. New
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene composite hand-held thawing tableware (graphene phase)
carbon/graphite composite hand-held thawing tableware
graphene composite hand-held thawing tableware with glass or ceramic matrix (claim 21)
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene phase composite
graphene material
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
graphene phase thermal conductivity (claimed range) | 1000–1800 | graphene material |
graphene phase thermal conductivity preferred (description) | ≥ 1000 |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,833,913Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG.1 Schematic of a hand-held and hand-heated thawing tool consisting of a handling or holding portion 12 and a functional or thawing portion 10.
FIG.2 (a) Schematic of a composite thawing tool wherein the graphene composite material essentially runs in the entire composite; (b) graphene or graphene …
FIG. 3. This is most often accomplished by immersing natural graphite 10 powder (100 in
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A piece of hand-held thawing tableware comprising a handling portion and a functional portion wherein one or both portions comprises a composite material comprising 1 -90% by weight of a conductivity-enhancing graphene phase dispersed in or bonded by a matrix material of 1 0-99% by weight based on a total composite weight, wherein said graphene phase has a platelet morphology and has a thermal conductivity from 1,000 W/mK to 1,800 W/mK and contains a graphene material selected from platelets or sheets of pristine graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, doped graphene, nitrogenated graphene, hydrogenated graphene, halogenated graphene, CVD graphene, functionalized graphene, or a layer of unitary graphene or graphene single crystal, or a combination thereof and wherein said matrix material is selected from a metal, a polymer, a, a carbon,, or a combination thereof, wherein said handling portion, adapted to transfer heat when held, transfers heat to said functional portion for thawing or melting an object. Currently amended
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said composite material has a thermal conductivity greater than 300 W/mK. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said composite material has a thermal conductivity greater than 500 W/mK. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said composite material has a thermal conductivity greater than. 1,000 W/mK. Currently amended
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said matrix material comprises steel, aluminum, copper, zinc, or tin. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said functional portion reaches a temperature of at least 30 ° C when said handling portion is held, by a human hand for 10 seconds or less. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said functional portion reaches a temperature of at least 34 ° C when said handling portion is held by a human hand for 10 seconds or less. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said functional portion reaches a temperature sufficient to thaw said object when said handling portion is held by a human hand for 10 seconds or less. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said functional portion reaches a temperature sufficient to thaw said object when said handling portion is held by a human hand for 5 seconds or less. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said composite material has a skin zone and a core zone and said skin zone is a graphene- rich zone having a higher graphene proportion than said core zone. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said composite material has a skin zone and a core zone and said skin zone is a graphene- poor zone having a lower graphene proportion than said core zone. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said composite material further comprises a thermally conductive additive selected from a graphite particle, expanded graphite flake, flexible graphite sheet, pyrolytic graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, activated carbon, meso-phase carbon, needle coke, meso- phase carbon, carbon fiber, graphite fiber, carbon nano-fiber, graphitic nano-fiber, carbon nano- tube, metal particles, metal fiber, metal nano-wire, or a combination thereof. Previously presented
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
A piece of hand-held thawing tableware, comprising a handling portion and a functional portion wherein one or both portions comprises a composite material having a thermal conductivity greater than 1,000 W/mK comprising a conductivity- enhancing carbon or graphite phase of 1 -90% by weight dispersed in or bonded by a matrix material of 1 0-99% by weight based on a total composite weight, adapted to transfer heat when held, which transfers heat to said functional portion for thawing or melting an object. Currently amended
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 17, wherein said carbon or graphite phase is selected from graphite particle, expanded graphite flake, flexible graphite sheet, pyrolytic graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, activated carbon, meso-phase carbon, needle coke, meso-phase carbon, carbon fiber, graphite fiber, carbon nano-fiber, graphitic nano-fiber, carbon nanotube, a combination thereof, or a combination with a metal particle, metal fiber, or metal nanowire. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 17, wherein said composite material has a skin zone and a core zone and said skin zone has a higher carbon- or graphite proportion than said core zone. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 17, wherein said matrix material is selected from a metal, a polymer, a glass, a carbon, a ceramic material, or a combination thereof. Previously presented
A piece of hand-held thawing tableware comprising a handling portion and a functional portion wherein one or both portions comprises a composite material comprising 1-90% by weight of a conductivity-enhancing graphene phase dispersed in or bonded by a matrix material of 1 0-99% by weight based on a total composite weight, wherein said graphene phase has a platelet morphology and has a thermal conductivity from 1,000 W/mK to 1,800 W/mK and is selected from platelets or sheets of pristine graphene, graphene, nitrogenated graphene, hydrogenated functionalized graphene, or a layer of unitary combination thereof and wherein said matrix ceramic material, wherein said handling portion, heat to said functional portion for thawing or graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, doped graphene, halogenated graphene, CVD graphene, graphene or graphene single crystal, or a material is selected from a glass material and a adapted to transfer heat when held, transfers melting an object. New
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene composite hand-held thawing tableware (graphene phase)
carbon/graphite composite hand-held thawing tableware
graphene composite hand-held thawing tableware with glass or ceramic matrix (claim 21)
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene phase composite
graphene material
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
graphene phase thermal conductivity (claimed range) | 1000–1800 | graphene material |
graphene phase thermal conductivity preferred (description) | ≥ 1000 |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,833,913Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG.1 Schematic of a hand-held and hand-heated thawing tool consisting of a handling or holding portion 12 and a functional or thawing portion 10.
FIG.2 (a) Schematic of a composite thawing tool wherein the graphene composite material essentially runs in the entire composite; (b) graphene or graphene …
FIG. 3. This is most often accomplished by immersing natural graphite 10 powder (100 in
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A piece of hand-held thawing tableware comprising a handling portion and a functional portion wherein one or both portions comprises a composite material comprising 1 -90% by weight of a conductivity-enhancing graphene phase dispersed in or bonded by a matrix material of 1 0-99% by weight based on a total composite weight, wherein said graphene phase has a platelet morphology and has a thermal conductivity from 1,000 W/mK to 1,800 W/mK and contains a graphene material selected from platelets or sheets of pristine graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, doped graphene, nitrogenated graphene, hydrogenated graphene, halogenated graphene, CVD graphene, functionalized graphene, or a layer of unitary graphene or graphene single crystal, or a combination thereof and wherein said matrix material is selected from a metal, a polymer, a, a carbon,, or a combination thereof, wherein said handling portion, adapted to transfer heat when held, transfers heat to said functional portion for thawing or melting an object. Currently amended
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said composite material has a thermal conductivity greater than 300 W/mK. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said composite material has a thermal conductivity greater than 500 W/mK. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said composite material has a thermal conductivity greater than. 1,000 W/mK. Currently amended
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said matrix material comprises steel, aluminum, copper, zinc, or tin. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said functional portion reaches a temperature of at least 30 ° C when said handling portion is held, by a human hand for 10 seconds or less. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said functional portion reaches a temperature of at least 34 ° C when said handling portion is held by a human hand for 10 seconds or less. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said functional portion reaches a temperature sufficient to thaw said object when said handling portion is held by a human hand for 10 seconds or less. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said functional portion reaches a temperature sufficient to thaw said object when said handling portion is held by a human hand for 5 seconds or less. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said composite material has a skin zone and a core zone and said skin zone is a graphene- rich zone having a higher graphene proportion than said core zone. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said composite material has a skin zone and a core zone and said skin zone is a graphene- poor zone having a lower graphene proportion than said core zone. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said composite material further comprises a thermally conductive additive selected from a graphite particle, expanded graphite flake, flexible graphite sheet, pyrolytic graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, activated carbon, meso-phase carbon, needle coke, meso- phase carbon, carbon fiber, graphite fiber, carbon nano-fiber, graphitic nano-fiber, carbon nano- tube, metal particles, metal fiber, metal nano-wire, or a combination thereof. Previously presented
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
A piece of hand-held thawing tableware, comprising a handling portion and a functional portion wherein one or both portions comprises a composite material having a thermal conductivity greater than 1,000 W/mK comprising a conductivity- enhancing carbon or graphite phase of 1 -90% by weight dispersed in or bonded by a matrix material of 1 0-99% by weight based on a total composite weight, adapted to transfer heat when held, which transfers heat to said functional portion for thawing or melting an object. Currently amended
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 17, wherein said carbon or graphite phase is selected from graphite particle, expanded graphite flake, flexible graphite sheet, pyrolytic graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, activated carbon, meso-phase carbon, needle coke, meso-phase carbon, carbon fiber, graphite fiber, carbon nano-fiber, graphitic nano-fiber, carbon nanotube, a combination thereof, or a combination with a metal particle, metal fiber, or metal nanowire. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 17, wherein said composite material has a skin zone and a core zone and said skin zone has a higher carbon- or graphite proportion than said core zone. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 17, wherein said matrix material is selected from a metal, a polymer, a glass, a carbon, a ceramic material, or a combination thereof. Previously presented
A piece of hand-held thawing tableware comprising a handling portion and a functional portion wherein one or both portions comprises a composite material comprising 1-90% by weight of a conductivity-enhancing graphene phase dispersed in or bonded by a matrix material of 1 0-99% by weight based on a total composite weight, wherein said graphene phase has a platelet morphology and has a thermal conductivity from 1,000 W/mK to 1,800 W/mK and is selected from platelets or sheets of pristine graphene, graphene, nitrogenated graphene, hydrogenated functionalized graphene, or a layer of unitary combination thereof and wherein said matrix ceramic material, wherein said handling portion, heat to said functional portion for thawing or graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, doped graphene, halogenated graphene, CVD graphene, graphene or graphene single crystal, or a material is selected from a glass material and a adapted to transfer heat when held, transfers melting an object. New
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene composite hand-held thawing tableware (graphene phase)
carbon/graphite composite hand-held thawing tableware
graphene composite hand-held thawing tableware with glass or ceramic matrix (claim 21)
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene phase composite
graphene material
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
graphene phase thermal conductivity (claimed range) | 1000–1800 | graphene material |
graphene phase thermal conductivity preferred (description) | ≥ 1000 |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,833,913Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG.1 Schematic of a hand-held and hand-heated thawing tool consisting of a handling or holding portion 12 and a functional or thawing portion 10.
FIG.2 (a) Schematic of a composite thawing tool wherein the graphene composite material essentially runs in the entire composite; (b) graphene or graphene …
FIG. 3. This is most often accomplished by immersing natural graphite 10 powder (100 in
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A piece of hand-held thawing tableware comprising a handling portion and a functional portion wherein one or both portions comprises a composite material comprising 1 -90% by weight of a conductivity-enhancing graphene phase dispersed in or bonded by a matrix material of 1 0-99% by weight based on a total composite weight, wherein said graphene phase has a platelet morphology and has a thermal conductivity from 1,000 W/mK to 1,800 W/mK and contains a graphene material selected from platelets or sheets of pristine graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, doped graphene, nitrogenated graphene, hydrogenated graphene, halogenated graphene, CVD graphene, functionalized graphene, or a layer of unitary graphene or graphene single crystal, or a combination thereof and wherein said matrix material is selected from a metal, a polymer, a, a carbon,, or a combination thereof, wherein said handling portion, adapted to transfer heat when held, transfers heat to said functional portion for thawing or melting an object. Currently amended
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said composite material has a thermal conductivity greater than 300 W/mK. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said composite material has a thermal conductivity greater than 500 W/mK. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said composite material has a thermal conductivity greater than. 1,000 W/mK. Currently amended
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said matrix material comprises steel, aluminum, copper, zinc, or tin. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said functional portion reaches a temperature of at least 30 ° C when said handling portion is held, by a human hand for 10 seconds or less. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said functional portion reaches a temperature of at least 34 ° C when said handling portion is held by a human hand for 10 seconds or less. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said functional portion reaches a temperature sufficient to thaw said object when said handling portion is held by a human hand for 10 seconds or less. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said functional portion reaches a temperature sufficient to thaw said object when said handling portion is held by a human hand for 5 seconds or less. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said composite material has a skin zone and a core zone and said skin zone is a graphene- rich zone having a higher graphene proportion than said core zone. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said composite material has a skin zone and a core zone and said skin zone is a graphene- poor zone having a lower graphene proportion than said core zone. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 1, wherein said composite material further comprises a thermally conductive additive selected from a graphite particle, expanded graphite flake, flexible graphite sheet, pyrolytic graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, activated carbon, meso-phase carbon, needle coke, meso- phase carbon, carbon fiber, graphite fiber, carbon nano-fiber, graphitic nano-fiber, carbon nano- tube, metal particles, metal fiber, metal nano-wire, or a combination thereof. Previously presented
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
A piece of hand-held thawing tableware, comprising a handling portion and a functional portion wherein one or both portions comprises a composite material having a thermal conductivity greater than 1,000 W/mK comprising a conductivity- enhancing carbon or graphite phase of 1 -90% by weight dispersed in or bonded by a matrix material of 1 0-99% by weight based on a total composite weight, adapted to transfer heat when held, which transfers heat to said functional portion for thawing or melting an object. Currently amended
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 17, wherein said carbon or graphite phase is selected from graphite particle, expanded graphite flake, flexible graphite sheet, pyrolytic graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, activated carbon, meso-phase carbon, needle coke, meso-phase carbon, carbon fiber, graphite fiber, carbon nano-fiber, graphitic nano-fiber, carbon nanotube, a combination thereof, or a combination with a metal particle, metal fiber, or metal nanowire. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 17, wherein said composite material has a skin zone and a core zone and said skin zone has a higher carbon- or graphite proportion than said core zone. Previously presented
The piece of hand-held thawing tableware of claim 17, wherein said matrix material is selected from a metal, a polymer, a glass, a carbon, a ceramic material, or a combination thereof. Previously presented
A piece of hand-held thawing tableware comprising a handling portion and a functional portion wherein one or both portions comprises a composite material comprising 1-90% by weight of a conductivity-enhancing graphene phase dispersed in or bonded by a matrix material of 1 0-99% by weight based on a total composite weight, wherein said graphene phase has a platelet morphology and has a thermal conductivity from 1,000 W/mK to 1,800 W/mK and is selected from platelets or sheets of pristine graphene, graphene, nitrogenated graphene, hydrogenated functionalized graphene, or a layer of unitary combination thereof and wherein said matrix ceramic material, wherein said handling portion, heat to said functional portion for thawing or graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, doped graphene, halogenated graphene, CVD graphene, graphene or graphene single crystal, or a material is selected from a glass material and a adapted to transfer heat when held, transfers melting an object. New
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene composite hand-held thawing tableware (graphene phase)
carbon/graphite composite hand-held thawing tableware
graphene composite hand-held thawing tableware with glass or ceramic matrix (claim 21)
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene phase composite
graphene material
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
graphene phase thermal conductivity (claimed range) | 1000–1800 | graphene material |
graphene phase thermal conductivity preferred (description) | ≥ 1000 |
matrix material
thermally conductive additive
carbon or graphite phase
glass or ceramic matrix material
composite material thermal conductivity >300 W/mK | ≥ 300 | graphene phase composite |
composite material thermal conductivity >500 W/mK | ≥ 500 | graphene phase composite |
composite material thermal conductivity >1000 W/mK | ≥ 1000 | graphene phase composite |
Duration | 30–120 s | — |
Thickness | 0.6–1.1 nm | — |
— | 1500–3000 W | — |
Duration | 2–10 hours | — |
Duration | 1–24 hours | — |
— | ≤ 10 W | — |
— | ≤ 5 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 7 nm | — |
— | ≤ 500 W | — |
— | ≤ 300 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 20 nm | — |
— | ≤ 1 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 30 cm | — |
— | ≥ 300 W | — |
— | ≥ 500 W | — |
Temperature | ≥ 30 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 34 °C | — |
— | ≥ 1 W | — |
— | ≥ 2000 W | — |
— | ≥ 3000 W | — |
matrix material
thermally conductive additive
carbon or graphite phase
glass or ceramic matrix material
composite material thermal conductivity >300 W/mK | ≥ 300 | graphene phase composite |
composite material thermal conductivity >500 W/mK | ≥ 500 | graphene phase composite |
composite material thermal conductivity >1000 W/mK | ≥ 1000 | graphene phase composite |
Duration | 30–120 s | — |
Thickness | 0.6–1.1 nm | — |
— | 1500–3000 W | — |
Duration | 2–10 hours | — |
Duration | 1–24 hours | — |
— | ≤ 10 W | — |
— | ≤ 5 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 7 nm | — |
— | ≤ 500 W | — |
— | ≤ 300 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 20 nm | — |
— | ≤ 1 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 30 cm | — |
— | ≥ 300 W | — |
— | ≥ 500 W | — |
Temperature | ≥ 30 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 34 °C | — |
— | ≥ 1 W | — |
— | ≥ 2000 W | — |
— | ≥ 3000 W | — |
matrix material
thermally conductive additive
carbon or graphite phase
glass or ceramic matrix material
composite material thermal conductivity >300 W/mK | ≥ 300 | graphene phase composite |
composite material thermal conductivity >500 W/mK | ≥ 500 | graphene phase composite |
composite material thermal conductivity >1000 W/mK | ≥ 1000 | graphene phase composite |
Duration | 30–120 s | — |
Thickness | 0.6–1.1 nm | — |
— | 1500–3000 W | — |
Duration | 2–10 hours | — |
Duration | 1–24 hours | — |
— | ≤ 10 W | — |
— | ≤ 5 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 7 nm | — |
— | ≤ 500 W | — |
— | ≤ 300 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 20 nm | — |
— | ≤ 1 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 30 cm | — |
— | ≥ 300 W | — |
— | ≥ 500 W | — |
Temperature | ≥ 30 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 34 °C | — |
— | ≥ 1 W | — |
— | ≥ 2000 W | — |
— | ≥ 3000 W | — |
matrix material
thermally conductive additive
carbon or graphite phase
glass or ceramic matrix material
composite material thermal conductivity >300 W/mK | ≥ 300 | graphene phase composite |
composite material thermal conductivity >500 W/mK | ≥ 500 | graphene phase composite |
composite material thermal conductivity >1000 W/mK | ≥ 1000 | graphene phase composite |
Duration | 30–120 s | — |
Thickness | 0.6–1.1 nm | — |
— | 1500–3000 W | — |
Duration | 2–10 hours | — |
Duration | 1–24 hours | — |
— | ≤ 10 W | — |
— | ≤ 5 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 7 nm | — |
— | ≤ 500 W | — |
— | ≤ 300 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 20 nm | — |
— | ≤ 1 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 30 cm | — |
— | ≥ 300 W | — |
— | ≥ 500 W | — |
Temperature | ≥ 30 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 34 °C | — |
— | ≥ 1 W | — |
— | ≥ 2000 W | — |
— | ≥ 3000 W | — |