Abstract

Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) and related organic materials continue to emerge as promising platforms for next-generation memory and energy-storage technologies due to their rich redox chemistry, ionic mobility, and compatibility with low-cost, scalable fabrication methods. Across the collected studies, electrodeposited Prussian Blue (PB) and Prussian White (PW) thin films consistently exhibit robust resistive switching (RS) with ON/OFF ratios from one to three orders of magnitude, operating in both bipolar and unipolar modes. Structural and spectroscopic analyses confirm that these films display homogeneous composition, well-defined grain boundaries, and ionic pathways that enable filamentary conduction. The switching mechanisms identified through I–V analysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and quantum transport modeling are governed by ohmic or space-charge-limited conduction, where potassium-ion migration and reversible redox processes drive filament formation and rupture. Furthermore, PB-based devices demonstrate conductance quantization with discrete current steps corresponding to integer and half-integer multiples of G₀, indicating ballistic electron transport through atomic-scale channels. Complementary work on perylene-based columnar liquid crystals shows stable, reversible switching enabled by trap-controlled SCLC processes, further broadening the landscape of organic memory materials. Finally, FeHCF/graphene oxide electrodes highlight the versatility of PB analogues in high-voltage symmetric supercapacitors with excellent cycling stability. Collectively, these studies underscore the multifunctionality, scalability, and tunability of PBAs and related systems, positioning them as strong candidates for future ReRAM, neuromorphic computing, multilevel memory, cryptographic hardware, and high-performance energy-storage applications.

Abstract

Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) and related organic materials continue to emerge as promising platforms for next-generation memory and energy-storage technologies due to their rich redox chemistry, ionic mobility, and compatibility with low-cost, scalable fabrication methods. Across the collected studies, electrodeposited Prussian Blue (PB) and Prussian White (PW) thin films consistently exhibit robust resistive switching (RS) with ON/OFF ratios from one to three orders of magnitude, operating in both bipolar and unipolar modes. Structural and spectroscopic analyses confirm that these films display homogeneous composition, well-defined grain boundaries, and ionic pathways that enable filamentary conduction. The switching mechanisms identified through I–V analysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and quantum transport modeling are governed by ohmic or space-charge-limited conduction, where potassium-ion migration and reversible redox processes drive filament formation and rupture. Furthermore, PB-based devices demonstrate conductance quantization with discrete current steps corresponding to integer and half-integer multiples of G₀, indicating ballistic electron transport through atomic-scale channels. Complementary work on perylene-based columnar liquid crystals shows stable, reversible switching enabled by trap-controlled SCLC processes, further broadening the landscape of organic memory materials. Finally, FeHCF/graphene oxide electrodes highlight the versatility of PB analogues in high-voltage symmetric supercapacitors with excellent cycling stability. Collectively, these studies underscore the multifunctionality, scalability, and tunability of PBAs and related systems, positioning them as strong candidates for future ReRAM, neuromorphic computing, multilevel memory, cryptographic hardware, and high-performance energy-storage applications.

Abstract

Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) and related organic materials continue to emerge as promising platforms for next-generation memory and energy-storage technologies due to their rich redox chemistry, ionic mobility, and compatibility with low-cost, scalable fabrication methods. Across the collected studies, electrodeposited Prussian Blue (PB) and Prussian White (PW) thin films consistently exhibit robust resistive switching (RS) with ON/OFF ratios from one to three orders of magnitude, operating in both bipolar and unipolar modes. Structural and spectroscopic analyses confirm that these films display homogeneous composition, well-defined grain boundaries, and ionic pathways that enable filamentary conduction. The switching mechanisms identified through I–V analysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and quantum transport modeling are governed by ohmic or space-charge-limited conduction, where potassium-ion migration and reversible redox processes drive filament formation and rupture. Furthermore, PB-based devices demonstrate conductance quantization with discrete current steps corresponding to integer and half-integer multiples of G₀, indicating ballistic electron transport through atomic-scale channels. Complementary work on perylene-based columnar liquid crystals shows stable, reversible switching enabled by trap-controlled SCLC processes, further broadening the landscape of organic memory materials. Finally, FeHCF/graphene oxide electrodes highlight the versatility of PB analogues in high-voltage symmetric supercapacitors with excellent cycling stability. Collectively, these studies underscore the multifunctionality, scalability, and tunability of PBAs and related systems, positioning them as strong candidates for future ReRAM, neuromorphic computing, multilevel memory, cryptographic hardware, and high-performance energy-storage applications.

Abstract

Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) and related organic materials continue to emerge as promising platforms for next-generation memory and energy-storage technologies due to their rich redox chemistry, ionic mobility, and compatibility with low-cost, scalable fabrication methods. Across the collected studies, electrodeposited Prussian Blue (PB) and Prussian White (PW) thin films consistently exhibit robust resistive switching (RS) with ON/OFF ratios from one to three orders of magnitude, operating in both bipolar and unipolar modes. Structural and spectroscopic analyses confirm that these films display homogeneous composition, well-defined grain boundaries, and ionic pathways that enable filamentary conduction. The switching mechanisms identified through I–V analysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and quantum transport modeling are governed by ohmic or space-charge-limited conduction, where potassium-ion migration and reversible redox processes drive filament formation and rupture. Furthermore, PB-based devices demonstrate conductance quantization with discrete current steps corresponding to integer and half-integer multiples of G₀, indicating ballistic electron transport through atomic-scale channels. Complementary work on perylene-based columnar liquid crystals shows stable, reversible switching enabled by trap-controlled SCLC processes, further broadening the landscape of organic memory materials. Finally, FeHCF/graphene oxide electrodes highlight the versatility of PB analogues in high-voltage symmetric supercapacitors with excellent cycling stability. Collectively, these studies underscore the multifunctionality, scalability, and tunability of PBAs and related systems, positioning them as strong candidates for future ReRAM, neuromorphic computing, multilevel memory, cryptographic hardware, and high-performance energy-storage applications.