Control of proton transport and hydrogenation in double-gated graphene

J. Tong; Y. Fu; D. Domaretskiy; F. Della Pia; P. Dagar; L. Powell; D. Bahamon; S. Huang; B. Xin; R. N. Costa Filho; L. F. Vega; I. V. Grigorieva; F. M. Peeters; A. Michaelides; M. Lozada-Hidalgo

doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07435-8

Paper details

Research paper

Experimental CharacterizationComputational DFT

Control of proton transport and hydrogenation in double-gated graphene

J. Tong, Y. Fu, D. Domaretskiy, F. Della Pia et al.

Nature·2025·10.1038/s41586-024-07435-8·arXiv:2404.06823

Samples

Each sample groups how it was prepared, characterized, and measured. Click a card to expand.

Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized hole in a silicon-nitride substrate, double-gated with proton-conducting electrolyte and PdHx electrodes.

2 characterizations7 properties6 figures

ExperimentalCStudied Material

Bilayer graphene reference device used to confirm that proton transport is absent in proton-impermeable graphene.

2 characterizations6 figures

ExperimentalCStudied Material

Monolayer graphene device measured with Li+ conducting electrolyte as a transport reference.

2 characterizations6 figures

CStudied Material

DFT model of proton transport through graphene and proton adsorption/hydrogenation under applied electric field.

No measurements recorded

Simulated Supercell DftCStudied Material

Materials

graphene

Studied Material

Variables

layer_counts_studied= 1,2

studied material

silicon nitride

Si₃N₄

Substrate / Dielectric

Also known as

Why these are connected

Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.

Control of proton transport and hydrogenation in double-gated graphene | Matter42 Literature

Properties

Type	Label	Value	Material	Sample	Condition	Source
Transport Conductivity Change	in-plane electronic conductivity drop at hydrogenation transition	4orders_of_magnitude	C	Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized		—
Charge Neutrality Point	NP	-0.35V	C	Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized		—
Proton Transport Current Ratio	electron-doped vs hole-doped proton current enhancement	30	C	Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized		—
Proton Transport Current Ratio	proton current relative to limiting electrolyte conductivity	5	C	Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized		—
Proton Transport Current Threshold Field	high-field regime where transport traces the limiting current	0.5V nm⁻¹	C	Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized	—	—
Estimated Adsorbed Hydrogen Density	H atom density inferred from Raman D band	1000000000000000cm⁻²	C	Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized		—
Capacitance	electrolyte capacitance	20uF/cm²	C	Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized		—

Properties

Type	Label	Value	Material	Sample	Condition	Source
Transport Conductivity Change	in-plane electronic conductivity drop at hydrogenation transition	4orders_of_magnitude	C	Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized		—
Charge Neutrality Point	NP	-0.35V	C	Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized		—
Proton Transport Current Ratio	electron-doped vs hole-doped proton current enhancement	30	C	Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized		—
Proton Transport Current Ratio	proton current relative to limiting electrolyte conductivity	5	C	Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized		—
Proton Transport Current Threshold Field	high-field regime where transport traces the limiting current	0.5V nm⁻¹	C	Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized	—	—
Estimated Adsorbed Hydrogen Density	H atom density inferred from Raman D band	1000000000000000cm⁻²	C	Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized		—
Capacitance	electrolyte capacitance	20uF/cm²	C	Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized		—

Properties

Type	Label	Value	Material	Sample	Condition	Source
Transport Conductivity Change	in-plane electronic conductivity drop at hydrogenation transition	4orders_of_magnitude	C	Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized		—
Charge Neutrality Point	NP	-0.35V	C	Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized		—
Proton Transport Current Ratio	electron-doped vs hole-doped proton current enhancement	30	C	Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized		—
Proton Transport Current Ratio	proton current relative to limiting electrolyte conductivity	5	C	Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized		—
Proton Transport Current Threshold Field	high-field regime where transport traces the limiting current	0.5V nm⁻¹	C	Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized	—	—
Estimated Adsorbed Hydrogen Density	H atom density inferred from Raman D band	1000000000000000cm⁻²	C	Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized		—
Capacitance	electrolyte capacitance	20uF/cm²	C	Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized		—

Properties

Type	Label	Value	Material	Sample	Condition	Source
Transport Conductivity Change	in-plane electronic conductivity drop at hydrogenation transition	4orders_of_magnitude	C	Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized		—
Charge Neutrality Point	NP	-0.35V	C	Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized		—
Proton Transport Current Ratio	electron-doped vs hole-doped proton current enhancement	30	C	Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized		—
Proton Transport Current Ratio	proton current relative to limiting electrolyte conductivity	5	C	Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized		—
Proton Transport Current Threshold Field	high-field regime where transport traces the limiting current	0.5V nm⁻¹	C	Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized	—	—
Estimated Adsorbed Hydrogen Density	H atom density inferred from Raman D band	1000000000000000cm⁻²	C	Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized		—
Capacitance	electrolyte capacitance	20uF/cm²	C	Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized		—

Control of proton transport and hydrogenation in double-gated graphene

Samples

Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized hole in a silicon-nitride substrate, double-gated with proton-conducting electrolyte and PdHx electrodes.

Bilayer graphene reference device used to confirm that proton transport is absent in proton-impermeable graphene.

Monolayer graphene device measured with Li+ conducting electrolyte as a transport reference.

DFT model of proton transport through graphene and proton adsorption/hydrogenation under applied electric field.

Materials

Why these are connected

Control of proton transport and hydrogenation in double-gated graphene

Samples

Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized hole in a silicon-nitride substrate, double-gated with proton-conducting electrolyte and PdHx electrodes.

Bilayer graphene reference device used to confirm that proton transport is absent in proton-impermeable graphene.

Monolayer graphene device measured with Li+ conducting electrolyte as a transport reference.

DFT model of proton transport through graphene and proton adsorption/hydrogenation under applied electric field.

Materials

Why these are connected

Control of proton transport and hydrogenation in double-gated graphene

Samples

Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized hole in a silicon-nitride substrate, double-gated with proton-conducting electrolyte and PdHx electrodes.

Bilayer graphene reference device used to confirm that proton transport is absent in proton-impermeable graphene.

Monolayer graphene device measured with Li+ conducting electrolyte as a transport reference.

DFT model of proton transport through graphene and proton adsorption/hydrogenation under applied electric field.

Materials

Why these are connected

Control of proton transport and hydrogenation in double-gated graphene

Samples

Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized hole in a silicon-nitride substrate, double-gated with proton-conducting electrolyte and PdHx electrodes.

Bilayer graphene reference device used to confirm that proton transport is absent in proton-impermeable graphene.

Monolayer graphene device measured with Li+ conducting electrolyte as a transport reference.

DFT model of proton transport through graphene and proton adsorption/hydrogenation under applied electric field.

Materials

Why these are connected

Control of proton transport and hydrogenation in double-gated graphene

Samples

Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized hole in a silicon-nitride substrate, double-gated with proton-conducting electrolyte and PdHx electrodes.

Bilayer graphene reference device used to confirm that proton transport is absent in proton-impermeable graphene.

Monolayer graphene device measured with Li+ conducting electrolyte as a transport reference.

DFT model of proton transport through graphene and proton adsorption/hydrogenation under applied electric field.

Materials

Why these are connected

Control of proton transport and hydrogenation in double-gated graphene

Samples

Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized hole in a silicon-nitride substrate, double-gated with proton-conducting electrolyte and PdHx electrodes.

Bilayer graphene reference device used to confirm that proton transport is absent in proton-impermeable graphene.

Monolayer graphene device measured with Li+ conducting electrolyte as a transport reference.

DFT model of proton transport through graphene and proton adsorption/hydrogenation under applied electric field.

Materials

Why these are connected

Control of proton transport and hydrogenation in double-gated graphene

Samples

Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized hole in a silicon-nitride substrate, double-gated with proton-conducting electrolyte and PdHx electrodes.

Bilayer graphene reference device used to confirm that proton transport is absent in proton-impermeable graphene.

Monolayer graphene device measured with Li+ conducting electrolyte as a transport reference.

DFT model of proton transport through graphene and proton adsorption/hydrogenation under applied electric field.

Materials

Why these are connected

Control of proton transport and hydrogenation in double-gated graphene

Samples

Suspended monolayer graphene device over a micrometre-sized hole in a silicon-nitride substrate, double-gated with proton-conducting electrolyte and PdHx electrodes.

Bilayer graphene reference device used to confirm that proton transport is absent in proton-impermeable graphene.

Monolayer graphene device measured with Li+ conducting electrolyte as a transport reference.

DFT model of proton transport through graphene and proton adsorption/hydrogenation under applied electric field.

Materials

Why these are connected

Characterization

Properties

Simulations

Characterization

Properties

Simulations

Characterization

Properties

Simulations

Characterization

Properties

Simulations