Abstract

The present work investigates the electrochemical detection of serotonin with the excellent hybrid electrocatalyst Cu₂S/Hβcd-rGO. Cu₂S, with its significant features as improved catalytic activity and enhanced charge transfer when combined with Hβcd-rGO, will enhance the performance. The integration of Cu₂S with Hβcd-rGO, regulated by the van der Waals force and the electrostatic interaction, makes it a stable catalyst without disrupting the composite structure. Also, the aggregation of the Cu₂S/Hβcd with the layered sheets of rGO can be highly reduced and resulting in the improvement of the conductivity. Thus, the above features resulted in the improved oxidation response current when fabricated over the glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The SR showed sensitive response at a broad linear range of 0.019 to 0.299 μM and 4.28 to 403.14 μM, resulting in a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 1.2 nM or 0.0012 μM and a sensitivity of about 15.9 μA μM−1 cm⁻². The sensor demonstrated excellent selectivity against common interferents, including aminophenol, dopamine, epinephrine, hydroquinone, melatonin, and chlorine. The real sample studies in the biological samples show good recovery values, showing the effectiveness of the as-fabricated sensor. Thus, the cost-efficient and straightforward integration of Cu₂S/Hβcd-rGO will be an outstanding electrocatalyst for detecting SR.

Abstract

The present work investigates the electrochemical detection of serotonin with the excellent hybrid electrocatalyst Cu₂S/Hβcd-rGO. Cu₂S, with its significant features as improved catalytic activity and enhanced charge transfer when combined with Hβcd-rGO, will enhance the performance. The integration of Cu₂S with Hβcd-rGO, regulated by the van der Waals force and the electrostatic interaction, makes it a stable catalyst without disrupting the composite structure. Also, the aggregation of the Cu₂S/Hβcd with the layered sheets of rGO can be highly reduced and resulting in the improvement of the conductivity. Thus, the above features resulted in the improved oxidation response current when fabricated over the glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The SR showed sensitive response at a broad linear range of 0.019 to 0.299 μM and 4.28 to 403.14 μM, resulting in a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 1.2 nM or 0.0012 μM and a sensitivity of about 15.9 μA μM−1 cm⁻². The sensor demonstrated excellent selectivity against common interferents, including aminophenol, dopamine, epinephrine, hydroquinone, melatonin, and chlorine. The real sample studies in the biological samples show good recovery values, showing the effectiveness of the as-fabricated sensor. Thus, the cost-efficient and straightforward integration of Cu₂S/Hβcd-rGO will be an outstanding electrocatalyst for detecting SR.

Abstract

The present work investigates the electrochemical detection of serotonin with the excellent hybrid electrocatalyst Cu₂S/Hβcd-rGO. Cu₂S, with its significant features as improved catalytic activity and enhanced charge transfer when combined with Hβcd-rGO, will enhance the performance. The integration of Cu₂S with Hβcd-rGO, regulated by the van der Waals force and the electrostatic interaction, makes it a stable catalyst without disrupting the composite structure. Also, the aggregation of the Cu₂S/Hβcd with the layered sheets of rGO can be highly reduced and resulting in the improvement of the conductivity. Thus, the above features resulted in the improved oxidation response current when fabricated over the glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The SR showed sensitive response at a broad linear range of 0.019 to 0.299 μM and 4.28 to 403.14 μM, resulting in a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 1.2 nM or 0.0012 μM and a sensitivity of about 15.9 μA μM−1 cm⁻². The sensor demonstrated excellent selectivity against common interferents, including aminophenol, dopamine, epinephrine, hydroquinone, melatonin, and chlorine. The real sample studies in the biological samples show good recovery values, showing the effectiveness of the as-fabricated sensor. Thus, the cost-efficient and straightforward integration of Cu₂S/Hβcd-rGO will be an outstanding electrocatalyst for detecting SR.

Abstract

The present work investigates the electrochemical detection of serotonin with the excellent hybrid electrocatalyst Cu₂S/Hβcd-rGO. Cu₂S, with its significant features as improved catalytic activity and enhanced charge transfer when combined with Hβcd-rGO, will enhance the performance. The integration of Cu₂S with Hβcd-rGO, regulated by the van der Waals force and the electrostatic interaction, makes it a stable catalyst without disrupting the composite structure. Also, the aggregation of the Cu₂S/Hβcd with the layered sheets of rGO can be highly reduced and resulting in the improvement of the conductivity. Thus, the above features resulted in the improved oxidation response current when fabricated over the glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The SR showed sensitive response at a broad linear range of 0.019 to 0.299 μM and 4.28 to 403.14 μM, resulting in a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 1.2 nM or 0.0012 μM and a sensitivity of about 15.9 μA μM−1 cm⁻². The sensor demonstrated excellent selectivity against common interferents, including aminophenol, dopamine, epinephrine, hydroquinone, melatonin, and chlorine. The real sample studies in the biological samples show good recovery values, showing the effectiveness of the as-fabricated sensor. Thus, the cost-efficient and straightforward integration of Cu₂S/Hβcd-rGO will be an outstanding electrocatalyst for detecting SR.