Patent
US 10,044,031GRAPHENE OXIDE AS A SULFUR IMMOBILIZER IN HIGH PERFORMANCE LITHIUM/SULFUR CELLS
Yuegang Zhang, Elton J. Cairns, Liwen Ji, Mumin Rao
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,044,031Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1 A illustrates a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a graphene oxide-sulfur (GO-S) nanocomposite after heat treatment in argon (Ar) at 155 0 C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 1 B illustrates the structure and properties of graphite oxide (GO) according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 1 C illustrates an energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum of the GO-S nanocomposite after heat treatment in Ar at 155 0 C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 2A illustrates a transmission electron microscope (TEM) bright field (BF) image.
Figure 2B illustrates a corresponding elemental mapping for carbon
Figure 2C illustrates a homogeneous S coating on the GO flakes.
Figure 2D illustrates an electron energy-loss spectrum (EELS) according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 3A illustrates a representative pattern of GO immobilizing S according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 3B shows the carbon K-edge absorption spectra according to one embodiment.
Figure 4A illustrates cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve at 0.05 mV s- 1 scanning rate.
Figure 4B illustrates galvanostatic discharge/charge profiles at 0.02C rate.
Figure 4C illustrates cycling perfo rm ance at a constant current rate of 0.1 C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles.
Figure 4D illustrates reversible capacity vs. current density according to an embodiment.
Figure 5 illustrates a the rm o gravimetric analysis (TGA) curve of GO-S nanocomposite recorded in N 2 with a heating rate of 10 0 C min-before (a) and after (b) heat treatment in Ar environment at 155 0 C for 12 hours; (c) Pure GO after heat treatment in Ar environment at 155 0 C for 12 hours …
Figure 6A illustrates a SEM image for pure GO according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 6B illustrates another SEM image for pure GO according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7A illustrates a SEM image of the as-prepared GO-S nanocomposites before heat treatment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7B illustrates another SEM image of the as-prepared GO-S nanocomposites before heat treatment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7C illustrates a TEM image for GO-S nanocomposites before heat treatment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7D illustrates another TEM image for GO-S nanocomposites before heat treatment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 8 illustrates X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of GO-S nanocomposites before (a) and after heat treatment in Ar environment for 12h at different temperatures of (b) 155 0 C, and (c) 160 0 C according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 9 illustrates attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) spectra of GO according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 1 0 A illustrates a configuration of two S atoms adsorption on graphene separately according to one embodiment of the invention.
Figure 10 B illustrates a configuration of two S atoms adsorption on graphene in pair according to one embodiment of the invention.
Figure 10 C illustrates an adsorption configuration according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 1O D illustrates another adsorption configuration according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 10 E illustrates yet another adsorption configuration according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 10 G illustrates yet another adsorption configuration according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 11 illustrates S L-edge soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) spectrum of GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 155 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 12 illustrates fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of (a) GO, and (b) GO-S nanocomposites according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 13 illustrates X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of (a) GO, (b) S element, and (c) GO-S according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 14 illustrates cycling performance of GO-S nanocomposite cathode at a constant rate of 0.05C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles according to an embodiment of the invention
Figure 15 illustrates a typical discharge/charge profiles (potential vs. capacity) at various C rates for GO-S nanocomposite cathode according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 16 illustrates a cycling performance of GO-S nanocomposite cathode at a constant rate of 0.1 C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17A illustrates a SEM image of the as-synthesized GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 160 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17B illustrates another SEM image of the as-synthesized GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 160 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17C illustrates a TEM image of the as-synthesized GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 160 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17D illustrates another TEM image of the as-synthesized GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 160 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 18A illustrates a CV curve of a GO-S nanocomposite cathode at 0.05 mV s- 1 scanning rate according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 18B illustrates galvanostatic charge/discharge profiles of GO-S nanocomposite cathode at 0.02C rate according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 18C illustrates cycling performance of GO-S nanocomposite cathode at a constant current rate of 0. 1 C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 18D illustrates reversible capacity vs. current density (rate capability) for GO-S nanocomposite cathode. All the cells were cycled in the potential window from 1.0 to 3.0 V according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 19 illustrates cycling performance of a pure GO cathode at a constant rate of 0. 1C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles according to an embodiment of the invention.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A battery comprising: a graphene oxide-sulfur (GO-S) nanocomposite cathode; a separator; an anode; and an electrolyte. Original
The battery of claim 1, wherein the separator is a porous polypropylene. Original
The battery of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte is an ionic liquid-based electrolyte. Original
The battery of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte is LiTFS I- PEGDME. Original
The battery of claim 1, wherein the graphene oxide-sulfur (GO- S) nanocomposite cathode further comprises carbon black, and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF). Original
The battery of claim 1, wherein the graphene oxide-sulfur (GO- S) nanocomposite cathode comprises GO-S nanocomposite, carbon black, and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) at a weight ratio of 70:20:10, respectively. Original
The battery of claim 1, wherein the cathode further comprises an aluminum substrate. Original
The battery of claim 1, wherein the GO-S nanocomposite further comprises a plurality of functional groups and S is bonded to carbon atoms. Original
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
lithium-sulfur battery
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite
graphene oxide
electrolyte
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figure 1 A illustrates a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a graphene oxide-sulfur (GO-S) nanocomposite after heat treatment in argon (Ar) at 155 0 C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Conductivity | 0.105 S cm⁻¹ | graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
BIOCOMPATIBLE GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS FOR DRUG DELIVERY AND BIOIMAGING APPLICATIONS
METHOD FOR PREPARING METAL OXIDE NANOPARTICLE/GRAPHENE COMPOSITE USING SUPERCRITICAL FLUID AND METAL OXIDE NANOPARTICLE/GRAPHENE COMPOSITE PREPARED BY THE SAME
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,044,031Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1 A illustrates a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a graphene oxide-sulfur (GO-S) nanocomposite after heat treatment in argon (Ar) at 155 0 C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 1 B illustrates the structure and properties of graphite oxide (GO) according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 1 C illustrates an energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum of the GO-S nanocomposite after heat treatment in Ar at 155 0 C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 2A illustrates a transmission electron microscope (TEM) bright field (BF) image.
Figure 2B illustrates a corresponding elemental mapping for carbon
Figure 2C illustrates a homogeneous S coating on the GO flakes.
Figure 2D illustrates an electron energy-loss spectrum (EELS) according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 3A illustrates a representative pattern of GO immobilizing S according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 3B shows the carbon K-edge absorption spectra according to one embodiment.
Figure 4A illustrates cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve at 0.05 mV s- 1 scanning rate.
Figure 4B illustrates galvanostatic discharge/charge profiles at 0.02C rate.
Figure 4C illustrates cycling perfo rm ance at a constant current rate of 0.1 C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles.
Figure 4D illustrates reversible capacity vs. current density according to an embodiment.
Figure 5 illustrates a the rm o gravimetric analysis (TGA) curve of GO-S nanocomposite recorded in N 2 with a heating rate of 10 0 C min-before (a) and after (b) heat treatment in Ar environment at 155 0 C for 12 hours; (c) Pure GO after heat treatment in Ar environment at 155 0 C for 12 hours …
Figure 6A illustrates a SEM image for pure GO according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 6B illustrates another SEM image for pure GO according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7A illustrates a SEM image of the as-prepared GO-S nanocomposites before heat treatment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7B illustrates another SEM image of the as-prepared GO-S nanocomposites before heat treatment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7C illustrates a TEM image for GO-S nanocomposites before heat treatment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7D illustrates another TEM image for GO-S nanocomposites before heat treatment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 8 illustrates X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of GO-S nanocomposites before (a) and after heat treatment in Ar environment for 12h at different temperatures of (b) 155 0 C, and (c) 160 0 C according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 9 illustrates attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) spectra of GO according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 1 0 A illustrates a configuration of two S atoms adsorption on graphene separately according to one embodiment of the invention.
Figure 10 B illustrates a configuration of two S atoms adsorption on graphene in pair according to one embodiment of the invention.
Figure 10 C illustrates an adsorption configuration according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 1O D illustrates another adsorption configuration according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 10 E illustrates yet another adsorption configuration according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 10 G illustrates yet another adsorption configuration according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 11 illustrates S L-edge soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) spectrum of GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 155 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 12 illustrates fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of (a) GO, and (b) GO-S nanocomposites according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 13 illustrates X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of (a) GO, (b) S element, and (c) GO-S according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 14 illustrates cycling performance of GO-S nanocomposite cathode at a constant rate of 0.05C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles according to an embodiment of the invention
Figure 15 illustrates a typical discharge/charge profiles (potential vs. capacity) at various C rates for GO-S nanocomposite cathode according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 16 illustrates a cycling performance of GO-S nanocomposite cathode at a constant rate of 0.1 C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17A illustrates a SEM image of the as-synthesized GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 160 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17B illustrates another SEM image of the as-synthesized GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 160 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17C illustrates a TEM image of the as-synthesized GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 160 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17D illustrates another TEM image of the as-synthesized GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 160 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 18A illustrates a CV curve of a GO-S nanocomposite cathode at 0.05 mV s- 1 scanning rate according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 18B illustrates galvanostatic charge/discharge profiles of GO-S nanocomposite cathode at 0.02C rate according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 18C illustrates cycling performance of GO-S nanocomposite cathode at a constant current rate of 0. 1 C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 18D illustrates reversible capacity vs. current density (rate capability) for GO-S nanocomposite cathode. All the cells were cycled in the potential window from 1.0 to 3.0 V according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 19 illustrates cycling performance of a pure GO cathode at a constant rate of 0. 1C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles according to an embodiment of the invention.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A battery comprising: a graphene oxide-sulfur (GO-S) nanocomposite cathode; a separator; an anode; and an electrolyte. Original
The battery of claim 1, wherein the separator is a porous polypropylene. Original
The battery of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte is an ionic liquid-based electrolyte. Original
The battery of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte is LiTFS I- PEGDME. Original
The battery of claim 1, wherein the graphene oxide-sulfur (GO- S) nanocomposite cathode further comprises carbon black, and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF). Original
The battery of claim 1, wherein the graphene oxide-sulfur (GO- S) nanocomposite cathode comprises GO-S nanocomposite, carbon black, and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) at a weight ratio of 70:20:10, respectively. Original
The battery of claim 1, wherein the cathode further comprises an aluminum substrate. Original
The battery of claim 1, wherein the GO-S nanocomposite further comprises a plurality of functional groups and S is bonded to carbon atoms. Original
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
lithium-sulfur battery
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite
graphene oxide
electrolyte
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figure 1 A illustrates a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a graphene oxide-sulfur (GO-S) nanocomposite after heat treatment in argon (Ar) at 155 0 C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Conductivity | 0.105 S cm⁻¹ | graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
BIOCOMPATIBLE GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS FOR DRUG DELIVERY AND BIOIMAGING APPLICATIONS
METHOD FOR PREPARING METAL OXIDE NANOPARTICLE/GRAPHENE COMPOSITE USING SUPERCRITICAL FLUID AND METAL OXIDE NANOPARTICLE/GRAPHENE COMPOSITE PREPARED BY THE SAME
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,044,031Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1 A illustrates a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a graphene oxide-sulfur (GO-S) nanocomposite after heat treatment in argon (Ar) at 155 0 C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 1 B illustrates the structure and properties of graphite oxide (GO) according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 1 C illustrates an energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum of the GO-S nanocomposite after heat treatment in Ar at 155 0 C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 2A illustrates a transmission electron microscope (TEM) bright field (BF) image.
Figure 2B illustrates a corresponding elemental mapping for carbon
Figure 2C illustrates a homogeneous S coating on the GO flakes.
Figure 2D illustrates an electron energy-loss spectrum (EELS) according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 3A illustrates a representative pattern of GO immobilizing S according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 3B shows the carbon K-edge absorption spectra according to one embodiment.
Figure 4A illustrates cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve at 0.05 mV s- 1 scanning rate.
Figure 4B illustrates galvanostatic discharge/charge profiles at 0.02C rate.
Figure 4C illustrates cycling perfo rm ance at a constant current rate of 0.1 C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles.
Figure 4D illustrates reversible capacity vs. current density according to an embodiment.
Figure 5 illustrates a the rm o gravimetric analysis (TGA) curve of GO-S nanocomposite recorded in N 2 with a heating rate of 10 0 C min-before (a) and after (b) heat treatment in Ar environment at 155 0 C for 12 hours; (c) Pure GO after heat treatment in Ar environment at 155 0 C for 12 hours …
Figure 6A illustrates a SEM image for pure GO according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 6B illustrates another SEM image for pure GO according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7A illustrates a SEM image of the as-prepared GO-S nanocomposites before heat treatment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7B illustrates another SEM image of the as-prepared GO-S nanocomposites before heat treatment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7C illustrates a TEM image for GO-S nanocomposites before heat treatment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7D illustrates another TEM image for GO-S nanocomposites before heat treatment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 8 illustrates X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of GO-S nanocomposites before (a) and after heat treatment in Ar environment for 12h at different temperatures of (b) 155 0 C, and (c) 160 0 C according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 9 illustrates attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) spectra of GO according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 1 0 A illustrates a configuration of two S atoms adsorption on graphene separately according to one embodiment of the invention.
Figure 10 B illustrates a configuration of two S atoms adsorption on graphene in pair according to one embodiment of the invention.
Figure 10 C illustrates an adsorption configuration according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 1O D illustrates another adsorption configuration according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 10 E illustrates yet another adsorption configuration according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 10 G illustrates yet another adsorption configuration according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 11 illustrates S L-edge soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) spectrum of GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 155 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 12 illustrates fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of (a) GO, and (b) GO-S nanocomposites according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 13 illustrates X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of (a) GO, (b) S element, and (c) GO-S according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 14 illustrates cycling performance of GO-S nanocomposite cathode at a constant rate of 0.05C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles according to an embodiment of the invention
Figure 15 illustrates a typical discharge/charge profiles (potential vs. capacity) at various C rates for GO-S nanocomposite cathode according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 16 illustrates a cycling performance of GO-S nanocomposite cathode at a constant rate of 0.1 C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17A illustrates a SEM image of the as-synthesized GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 160 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17B illustrates another SEM image of the as-synthesized GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 160 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17C illustrates a TEM image of the as-synthesized GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 160 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17D illustrates another TEM image of the as-synthesized GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 160 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 18A illustrates a CV curve of a GO-S nanocomposite cathode at 0.05 mV s- 1 scanning rate according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 18B illustrates galvanostatic charge/discharge profiles of GO-S nanocomposite cathode at 0.02C rate according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 18C illustrates cycling performance of GO-S nanocomposite cathode at a constant current rate of 0. 1 C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 18D illustrates reversible capacity vs. current density (rate capability) for GO-S nanocomposite cathode. All the cells were cycled in the potential window from 1.0 to 3.0 V according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 19 illustrates cycling performance of a pure GO cathode at a constant rate of 0. 1C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles according to an embodiment of the invention.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A battery comprising: a graphene oxide-sulfur (GO-S) nanocomposite cathode; a separator; an anode; and an electrolyte. Original
The battery of claim 1, wherein the separator is a porous polypropylene. Original
The battery of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte is an ionic liquid-based electrolyte. Original
The battery of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte is LiTFS I- PEGDME. Original
The battery of claim 1, wherein the graphene oxide-sulfur (GO- S) nanocomposite cathode further comprises carbon black, and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF). Original
The battery of claim 1, wherein the graphene oxide-sulfur (GO- S) nanocomposite cathode comprises GO-S nanocomposite, carbon black, and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) at a weight ratio of 70:20:10, respectively. Original
The battery of claim 1, wherein the cathode further comprises an aluminum substrate. Original
The battery of claim 1, wherein the GO-S nanocomposite further comprises a plurality of functional groups and S is bonded to carbon atoms. Original
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
lithium-sulfur battery
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite
graphene oxide
electrolyte
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figure 1 A illustrates a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a graphene oxide-sulfur (GO-S) nanocomposite after heat treatment in argon (Ar) at 155 0 C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Conductivity | 0.105 S cm⁻¹ | graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
BIOCOMPATIBLE GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS FOR DRUG DELIVERY AND BIOIMAGING APPLICATIONS
METHOD FOR PREPARING METAL OXIDE NANOPARTICLE/GRAPHENE COMPOSITE USING SUPERCRITICAL FLUID AND METAL OXIDE NANOPARTICLE/GRAPHENE COMPOSITE PREPARED BY THE SAME
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,044,031Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1 A illustrates a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a graphene oxide-sulfur (GO-S) nanocomposite after heat treatment in argon (Ar) at 155 0 C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 1 B illustrates the structure and properties of graphite oxide (GO) according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 1 C illustrates an energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum of the GO-S nanocomposite after heat treatment in Ar at 155 0 C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 2A illustrates a transmission electron microscope (TEM) bright field (BF) image.
Figure 2B illustrates a corresponding elemental mapping for carbon
Figure 2C illustrates a homogeneous S coating on the GO flakes.
Figure 2D illustrates an electron energy-loss spectrum (EELS) according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 3A illustrates a representative pattern of GO immobilizing S according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 3B shows the carbon K-edge absorption spectra according to one embodiment.
Figure 4A illustrates cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve at 0.05 mV s- 1 scanning rate.
Figure 4B illustrates galvanostatic discharge/charge profiles at 0.02C rate.
Figure 4C illustrates cycling perfo rm ance at a constant current rate of 0.1 C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles.
Figure 4D illustrates reversible capacity vs. current density according to an embodiment.
Figure 5 illustrates a the rm o gravimetric analysis (TGA) curve of GO-S nanocomposite recorded in N 2 with a heating rate of 10 0 C min-before (a) and after (b) heat treatment in Ar environment at 155 0 C for 12 hours; (c) Pure GO after heat treatment in Ar environment at 155 0 C for 12 hours …
Figure 6A illustrates a SEM image for pure GO according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 6B illustrates another SEM image for pure GO according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7A illustrates a SEM image of the as-prepared GO-S nanocomposites before heat treatment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7B illustrates another SEM image of the as-prepared GO-S nanocomposites before heat treatment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7C illustrates a TEM image for GO-S nanocomposites before heat treatment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7D illustrates another TEM image for GO-S nanocomposites before heat treatment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 8 illustrates X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of GO-S nanocomposites before (a) and after heat treatment in Ar environment for 12h at different temperatures of (b) 155 0 C, and (c) 160 0 C according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 9 illustrates attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) spectra of GO according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 1 0 A illustrates a configuration of two S atoms adsorption on graphene separately according to one embodiment of the invention.
Figure 10 B illustrates a configuration of two S atoms adsorption on graphene in pair according to one embodiment of the invention.
Figure 10 C illustrates an adsorption configuration according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 1O D illustrates another adsorption configuration according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 10 E illustrates yet another adsorption configuration according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 10 G illustrates yet another adsorption configuration according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 11 illustrates S L-edge soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) spectrum of GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 155 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 12 illustrates fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of (a) GO, and (b) GO-S nanocomposites according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 13 illustrates X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of (a) GO, (b) S element, and (c) GO-S according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 14 illustrates cycling performance of GO-S nanocomposite cathode at a constant rate of 0.05C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles according to an embodiment of the invention
Figure 15 illustrates a typical discharge/charge profiles (potential vs. capacity) at various C rates for GO-S nanocomposite cathode according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 16 illustrates a cycling performance of GO-S nanocomposite cathode at a constant rate of 0.1 C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17A illustrates a SEM image of the as-synthesized GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 160 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17B illustrates another SEM image of the as-synthesized GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 160 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17C illustrates a TEM image of the as-synthesized GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 160 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17D illustrates another TEM image of the as-synthesized GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 160 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 18A illustrates a CV curve of a GO-S nanocomposite cathode at 0.05 mV s- 1 scanning rate according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 18B illustrates galvanostatic charge/discharge profiles of GO-S nanocomposite cathode at 0.02C rate according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 18C illustrates cycling performance of GO-S nanocomposite cathode at a constant current rate of 0. 1 C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 18D illustrates reversible capacity vs. current density (rate capability) for GO-S nanocomposite cathode. All the cells were cycled in the potential window from 1.0 to 3.0 V according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 19 illustrates cycling performance of a pure GO cathode at a constant rate of 0. 1C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles according to an embodiment of the invention.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A battery comprising: a graphene oxide-sulfur (GO-S) nanocomposite cathode; a separator; an anode; and an electrolyte. Original
The battery of claim 1, wherein the separator is a porous polypropylene. Original
The battery of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte is an ionic liquid-based electrolyte. Original
The battery of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte is LiTFS I- PEGDME. Original
The battery of claim 1, wherein the graphene oxide-sulfur (GO- S) nanocomposite cathode further comprises carbon black, and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF). Original
The battery of claim 1, wherein the graphene oxide-sulfur (GO- S) nanocomposite cathode comprises GO-S nanocomposite, carbon black, and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) at a weight ratio of 70:20:10, respectively. Original
The battery of claim 1, wherein the cathode further comprises an aluminum substrate. Original
The battery of claim 1, wherein the GO-S nanocomposite further comprises a plurality of functional groups and S is bonded to carbon atoms. Original
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
lithium-sulfur battery
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite
graphene oxide
electrolyte
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figure 1 A illustrates a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a graphene oxide-sulfur (GO-S) nanocomposite after heat treatment in argon (Ar) at 155 0 C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Conductivity | 0.105 S cm⁻¹ | graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
BIOCOMPATIBLE GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS FOR DRUG DELIVERY AND BIOIMAGING APPLICATIONS
METHOD FOR PREPARING METAL OXIDE NANOPARTICLE/GRAPHENE COMPOSITE USING SUPERCRITICAL FLUID AND METAL OXIDE NANOPARTICLE/GRAPHENE COMPOSITE PREPARED BY THE SAME
porous polypropylene separator (Celgard 3501)
n-methyl, n-butyl pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide
LiTFSI
PEGDME
carbon black
polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF)
aluminum substrate
sulfur
S
Figure 2A illustrates a transmission electron microscope (TEM) bright field (BF) image.
Figure 3B shows the carbon K-edge absorption spectra according to one embodiment.
Figure 4D illustrates reversible capacity vs. current density according to an embodiment.
Figure 6A illustrates a SEM image for pure GO according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 6B illustrates another SEM image for pure GO according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7A illustrates a SEM image of the as-prepared GO-S nanocomposites before heat treatment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7B illustrates another SEM image of the as-prepared GO-S nanocomposites before heat treatment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7C illustrates a TEM image for GO-S nanocomposites before heat treatment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7D illustrates another TEM image for GO-S nanocomposites before heat treatment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 8 illustrates X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of GO-S nanocomposites before (a) and after heat treatment in Ar environment for 12h at different temperatures of (b) 155 0 C, and (c) 160 0 C according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 9 illustrates attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) spectra of GO according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 11 illustrates S L-edge soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) spectrum of GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 155 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 12 illustrates fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of (a) GO, and (b) GO-S nanocomposites according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 13 illustrates X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of (a) GO, (b) S element, and (c) GO-S according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 14 illustrates cycling performance of GO-S nanocomposite cathode at a constant rate of 0.05C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles according to an embodiment of the invention
Figure 16 illustrates a cycling performance of GO-S nanocomposite cathode at a constant rate of 0.1 C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17A illustrates a SEM image of the as-synthesized GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 160 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17B illustrates another SEM image of the as-synthesized GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 160 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17C illustrates a TEM image of the as-synthesized GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 160 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17D illustrates another TEM image of the as-synthesized GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 160 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 18C illustrates cycling performance of GO-S nanocomposite cathode at a constant current rate of 0. 1 C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 18D illustrates reversible capacity vs. current density (rate capability) for GO-S nanocomposite cathode. All the cells were cycled in the potential window from 1.0 to 3.0 V according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 19 illustrates cycling performance of a pure GO cathode at a constant rate of 0. 1C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles according to an embodiment of the invention.
Sulfur Content Wt Pct |
| 66 wt% |
graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite |
Discharge Capacity Initial | 1320 mAh g-1 | graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite |
Coulombic Efficiency | 96.4 % | graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite |
Discharge Capacity Second Cycle | 1247 mAh g-1 | graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite |
Coulombic Efficiency | 97.5 % | graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite |
Capacity Retention | 94.5 % | graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite |
C-O stretching vibration | 1751 cm⁻¹ | graphene oxide |
C-OH stretching vibration | 1751 cm⁻¹ | graphene oxide |
C=O stretching vibration (carbonyl/carboxylic groups) | 1751 cm⁻¹ | graphene oxide |
Voltage | 1–3.6 V | — |
Voltage | 1–3 V | — |
— | ≤ 0.01 eV | — |
porous polypropylene separator (Celgard 3501)
n-methyl, n-butyl pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide
LiTFSI
PEGDME
carbon black
polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF)
aluminum substrate
sulfur
S
Figure 2A illustrates a transmission electron microscope (TEM) bright field (BF) image.
Figure 3B shows the carbon K-edge absorption spectra according to one embodiment.
Figure 4D illustrates reversible capacity vs. current density according to an embodiment.
Figure 6A illustrates a SEM image for pure GO according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 6B illustrates another SEM image for pure GO according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7A illustrates a SEM image of the as-prepared GO-S nanocomposites before heat treatment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7B illustrates another SEM image of the as-prepared GO-S nanocomposites before heat treatment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7C illustrates a TEM image for GO-S nanocomposites before heat treatment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7D illustrates another TEM image for GO-S nanocomposites before heat treatment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 8 illustrates X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of GO-S nanocomposites before (a) and after heat treatment in Ar environment for 12h at different temperatures of (b) 155 0 C, and (c) 160 0 C according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 9 illustrates attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) spectra of GO according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 11 illustrates S L-edge soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) spectrum of GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 155 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 12 illustrates fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of (a) GO, and (b) GO-S nanocomposites according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 13 illustrates X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of (a) GO, (b) S element, and (c) GO-S according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 14 illustrates cycling performance of GO-S nanocomposite cathode at a constant rate of 0.05C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles according to an embodiment of the invention
Figure 16 illustrates a cycling performance of GO-S nanocomposite cathode at a constant rate of 0.1 C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17A illustrates a SEM image of the as-synthesized GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 160 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17B illustrates another SEM image of the as-synthesized GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 160 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17C illustrates a TEM image of the as-synthesized GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 160 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17D illustrates another TEM image of the as-synthesized GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 160 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 18C illustrates cycling performance of GO-S nanocomposite cathode at a constant current rate of 0. 1 C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 18D illustrates reversible capacity vs. current density (rate capability) for GO-S nanocomposite cathode. All the cells were cycled in the potential window from 1.0 to 3.0 V according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 19 illustrates cycling performance of a pure GO cathode at a constant rate of 0. 1C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles according to an embodiment of the invention.
Sulfur Content Wt Pct |
| 66 wt% |
graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite |
Discharge Capacity Initial | 1320 mAh g-1 | graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite |
Coulombic Efficiency | 96.4 % | graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite |
Discharge Capacity Second Cycle | 1247 mAh g-1 | graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite |
Coulombic Efficiency | 97.5 % | graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite |
Capacity Retention | 94.5 % | graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite |
C-O stretching vibration | 1751 cm⁻¹ | graphene oxide |
C-OH stretching vibration | 1751 cm⁻¹ | graphene oxide |
C=O stretching vibration (carbonyl/carboxylic groups) | 1751 cm⁻¹ | graphene oxide |
Voltage | 1–3.6 V | — |
Voltage | 1–3 V | — |
— | ≤ 0.01 eV | — |
porous polypropylene separator (Celgard 3501)
n-methyl, n-butyl pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide
LiTFSI
PEGDME
carbon black
polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF)
aluminum substrate
sulfur
S
Figure 2A illustrates a transmission electron microscope (TEM) bright field (BF) image.
Figure 3B shows the carbon K-edge absorption spectra according to one embodiment.
Figure 4D illustrates reversible capacity vs. current density according to an embodiment.
Figure 6A illustrates a SEM image for pure GO according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 6B illustrates another SEM image for pure GO according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7A illustrates a SEM image of the as-prepared GO-S nanocomposites before heat treatment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7B illustrates another SEM image of the as-prepared GO-S nanocomposites before heat treatment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7C illustrates a TEM image for GO-S nanocomposites before heat treatment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7D illustrates another TEM image for GO-S nanocomposites before heat treatment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 8 illustrates X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of GO-S nanocomposites before (a) and after heat treatment in Ar environment for 12h at different temperatures of (b) 155 0 C, and (c) 160 0 C according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 9 illustrates attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) spectra of GO according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 11 illustrates S L-edge soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) spectrum of GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 155 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 12 illustrates fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of (a) GO, and (b) GO-S nanocomposites according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 13 illustrates X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of (a) GO, (b) S element, and (c) GO-S according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 14 illustrates cycling performance of GO-S nanocomposite cathode at a constant rate of 0.05C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles according to an embodiment of the invention
Figure 16 illustrates a cycling performance of GO-S nanocomposite cathode at a constant rate of 0.1 C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17A illustrates a SEM image of the as-synthesized GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 160 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17B illustrates another SEM image of the as-synthesized GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 160 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17C illustrates a TEM image of the as-synthesized GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 160 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17D illustrates another TEM image of the as-synthesized GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 160 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 18C illustrates cycling performance of GO-S nanocomposite cathode at a constant current rate of 0. 1 C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 18D illustrates reversible capacity vs. current density (rate capability) for GO-S nanocomposite cathode. All the cells were cycled in the potential window from 1.0 to 3.0 V according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 19 illustrates cycling performance of a pure GO cathode at a constant rate of 0. 1C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles according to an embodiment of the invention.
Sulfur Content Wt Pct |
| 66 wt% |
graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite |
Discharge Capacity Initial | 1320 mAh g-1 | graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite |
Coulombic Efficiency | 96.4 % | graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite |
Discharge Capacity Second Cycle | 1247 mAh g-1 | graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite |
Coulombic Efficiency | 97.5 % | graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite |
Capacity Retention | 94.5 % | graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite |
C-O stretching vibration | 1751 cm⁻¹ | graphene oxide |
C-OH stretching vibration | 1751 cm⁻¹ | graphene oxide |
C=O stretching vibration (carbonyl/carboxylic groups) | 1751 cm⁻¹ | graphene oxide |
Voltage | 1–3.6 V | — |
Voltage | 1–3 V | — |
— | ≤ 0.01 eV | — |
porous polypropylene separator (Celgard 3501)
n-methyl, n-butyl pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide
LiTFSI
PEGDME
carbon black
polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF)
aluminum substrate
sulfur
S
Figure 2A illustrates a transmission electron microscope (TEM) bright field (BF) image.
Figure 3B shows the carbon K-edge absorption spectra according to one embodiment.
Figure 4D illustrates reversible capacity vs. current density according to an embodiment.
Figure 6A illustrates a SEM image for pure GO according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 6B illustrates another SEM image for pure GO according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7A illustrates a SEM image of the as-prepared GO-S nanocomposites before heat treatment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7B illustrates another SEM image of the as-prepared GO-S nanocomposites before heat treatment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7C illustrates a TEM image for GO-S nanocomposites before heat treatment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7D illustrates another TEM image for GO-S nanocomposites before heat treatment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 8 illustrates X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of GO-S nanocomposites before (a) and after heat treatment in Ar environment for 12h at different temperatures of (b) 155 0 C, and (c) 160 0 C according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 9 illustrates attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) spectra of GO according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 11 illustrates S L-edge soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) spectrum of GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 155 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 12 illustrates fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of (a) GO, and (b) GO-S nanocomposites according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 13 illustrates X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of (a) GO, (b) S element, and (c) GO-S according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 14 illustrates cycling performance of GO-S nanocomposite cathode at a constant rate of 0.05C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles according to an embodiment of the invention
Figure 16 illustrates a cycling performance of GO-S nanocomposite cathode at a constant rate of 0.1 C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17A illustrates a SEM image of the as-synthesized GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 160 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17B illustrates another SEM image of the as-synthesized GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 160 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17C illustrates a TEM image of the as-synthesized GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 160 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17D illustrates another TEM image of the as-synthesized GO-S nanocomposites after heat treatment in Ar at 160 ° C for 12 hours according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 18C illustrates cycling performance of GO-S nanocomposite cathode at a constant current rate of 0. 1 C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 18D illustrates reversible capacity vs. current density (rate capability) for GO-S nanocomposite cathode. All the cells were cycled in the potential window from 1.0 to 3.0 V according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 19 illustrates cycling performance of a pure GO cathode at a constant rate of 0. 1C after an initial activation processes at 0.02C for 2 cycles according to an embodiment of the invention.
Sulfur Content Wt Pct |
| 66 wt% |
graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite |
Discharge Capacity Initial | 1320 mAh g-1 | graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite |
Coulombic Efficiency | 96.4 % | graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite |
Discharge Capacity Second Cycle | 1247 mAh g-1 | graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite |
Coulombic Efficiency | 97.5 % | graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite |
Capacity Retention | 94.5 % | graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite |
C-O stretching vibration | 1751 cm⁻¹ | graphene oxide |
C-OH stretching vibration | 1751 cm⁻¹ | graphene oxide |
C=O stretching vibration (carbonyl/carboxylic groups) | 1751 cm⁻¹ | graphene oxide |
Voltage | 1–3.6 V | — |
Voltage | 1–3 V | — |
— | ≤ 0.01 eV | — |