Patent
US 10,873,075A COMPOSITE ANODE MATERIAL INCLUDING ENCAPSULATED BUFFERED ACTIVE MATERIAL PARTICLES
Seonbaek HA
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,873,075Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a particle of the composite anode material of the present application having a buffer matrix …
FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment of a particle of the composite anode material of the present application having a buffer matrix …
FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment of a particle of the composite anode material of the present application having a buffer matrix …
FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary percent capacity retention lithium ion cell discharge testing results using a buffer matrix anode active material formulation of …
FIG. 5 is a schematic that illustrates the anode active material fabrication process of the present application. [17]
FIG. 6 is a graph that shows discharge testing results illustrating capacity retention as a function of discharge cycle of test cells in comparison to control …
FIG. 7 is a graph that shows discharge testing results illustrating capacity retention as a function of discharge cycle. [19]
FIG. 8 is a graph that shows discharge testing results illustrating coulombic retention as a function of discharge cycle of test cells in comparison to control …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
(Cu rr ently Amended) A composite anode material, comprising: capsules comprising crumpled sheets of graphene, crumpled sheets of graphene oxide, crumpled sheets of at least partially reduced graphene oxide, or combinations thereof; and active material particles disposed within the capsules, each active material particle comprising: a core comprising silicon, silicon oxide, or a combination thereof; and a buffer layer at least partially surrounding the core and comprising a polymeric material or a pyrolyzed polymeric material, wherein each capsule defines an interior void space configured to accommodate volumetric expansion of the active material particles during charging of the composite anode material, and wherein the composite anode material provides a buffer matrix in which a[[the]] combination of the buffer layer and the interior void space within each capsule reduce mechanical degradation of the core during lithium ion intercalation and deintercalation. Currently amended
The composite anode material of claim 1, wherein the cores have an average particle size ranging from about 50 nm to about 400 nm. Original
The composite anode material of claim 1, wherein: the capsules comprise a single active material particle or a plurality of the active material particles; and the active material particles each comprise a single core disposed in the buffer layer or a plurality of the cores disposed in the buffer layer. Original
The composite anode material of claim 1, wherein the buffer layers comprise the polymeric material and the polymeric material is chemically cross-linked. Previously presented
The composite anode material of claim 1, wherein the buffer layers comprise the pyrolyzed polymeric material. Previously presented
The composite anode material of claim 1, wherein the composite anode material has an average particle size that ranges from about 0.5 p m to about 10 pm. Previously presented
The composite anode material of claim 1, wherein the buffer layers have an average thickness that ranges from about 1 nm to about 50 nm. Original
A method of fabricating an electrode, the method comprising: mixing the composite anode material of claim 1 with a solvent and a binder to form a slurry; coating a substrate with the slu rr y; and drying the coated substrate to form the anode electrode. Withdrawn
Canceled
(Cu rr ently Amended) An electrode, comprising: capsules comprising crumpled sheets of graphene, crumpled sheets of graphene oxide, crumpled sheets of at least partially reduced graphene oxide, or combinations thereof; at least one active material particle disposed within each of the capsules, each active SVG 15694144.08-05-2020.KDHJGZJWRXEAPX0.CLM.1.svg 0.15 1.91 Black and white a core comprising silicon, silicon oxide or combinations thereof; and a buffer layer su rr ounding the core and comprising a polymeric material or a pyrolyzed polymeric material; and a binder, wherein each capsule defines an interior void space configured to accommodate volumetric expansion of the active material particles during charging of the composite anode material, and wherein the composite anode material provides a buffer matrix in which a[[the]] combination of the buffer layer and the interior void space within each capsule reduce mechanical degradation of the core during lithium ion intercalation and deintercalation. Currently amended
The electrode of claim 11, wherein the cores have an average particle size ranging from about 50 nm to about 400 nm. Original
The electrode of claim 11, wherein the buffer layers comprise the polymeric material, and the polymeric material is chemically cross-linked. Previously presented
The electrode of claim 11, wherein the buffer layers comprise the pyrolyzed polymeric material. Previously presented
The electrode of claim 11, wherein the polymeric material comprises polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyvinyl formal (PVF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), or a combination thereof. Previously presented
The electrode of claim 11, wherein the binder comprises polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), poly(acrylic) acid, polyethylenetetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), a polyamide, a polyimide, polyethylene, styrene- butadiene rubber, cellulose, polyacrylate rubber, or a mixture thereof. Previously presented
The electrode of claim 11, wherein the electrode has an internal porosity that ranges from about 40 percent to about 60 percent, as measured by the equation: SVG 15694144.08-05-2020.KDHJGZJWRXEAPX0.CLM.2.svg 0.39 3.52 Black and white where the measured density is measured by dividing the mass of a dried electrode by its volume and the theoretical density is the density of the composite anode material that is 100 percent dense. Original
23-31. Canceled
Canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
composite anode material particle
anode electrode
Materials described outside the worked examples.
composite anode material
graphene/graphene oxide/at least partially reduced graphene oxide (crumpled sheets)
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Duration | 1800–7200 s | — |
Duration | 30–1800 s |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,873,075Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a particle of the composite anode material of the present application having a buffer matrix …
FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment of a particle of the composite anode material of the present application having a buffer matrix …
FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment of a particle of the composite anode material of the present application having a buffer matrix …
FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary percent capacity retention lithium ion cell discharge testing results using a buffer matrix anode active material formulation of …
FIG. 5 is a schematic that illustrates the anode active material fabrication process of the present application. [17]
FIG. 6 is a graph that shows discharge testing results illustrating capacity retention as a function of discharge cycle of test cells in comparison to control …
FIG. 7 is a graph that shows discharge testing results illustrating capacity retention as a function of discharge cycle. [19]
FIG. 8 is a graph that shows discharge testing results illustrating coulombic retention as a function of discharge cycle of test cells in comparison to control …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
(Cu rr ently Amended) A composite anode material, comprising: capsules comprising crumpled sheets of graphene, crumpled sheets of graphene oxide, crumpled sheets of at least partially reduced graphene oxide, or combinations thereof; and active material particles disposed within the capsules, each active material particle comprising: a core comprising silicon, silicon oxide, or a combination thereof; and a buffer layer at least partially surrounding the core and comprising a polymeric material or a pyrolyzed polymeric material, wherein each capsule defines an interior void space configured to accommodate volumetric expansion of the active material particles during charging of the composite anode material, and wherein the composite anode material provides a buffer matrix in which a[[the]] combination of the buffer layer and the interior void space within each capsule reduce mechanical degradation of the core during lithium ion intercalation and deintercalation. Currently amended
The composite anode material of claim 1, wherein the cores have an average particle size ranging from about 50 nm to about 400 nm. Original
The composite anode material of claim 1, wherein: the capsules comprise a single active material particle or a plurality of the active material particles; and the active material particles each comprise a single core disposed in the buffer layer or a plurality of the cores disposed in the buffer layer. Original
The composite anode material of claim 1, wherein the buffer layers comprise the polymeric material and the polymeric material is chemically cross-linked. Previously presented
The composite anode material of claim 1, wherein the buffer layers comprise the pyrolyzed polymeric material. Previously presented
The composite anode material of claim 1, wherein the composite anode material has an average particle size that ranges from about 0.5 p m to about 10 pm. Previously presented
The composite anode material of claim 1, wherein the buffer layers have an average thickness that ranges from about 1 nm to about 50 nm. Original
A method of fabricating an electrode, the method comprising: mixing the composite anode material of claim 1 with a solvent and a binder to form a slurry; coating a substrate with the slu rr y; and drying the coated substrate to form the anode electrode. Withdrawn
Canceled
(Cu rr ently Amended) An electrode, comprising: capsules comprising crumpled sheets of graphene, crumpled sheets of graphene oxide, crumpled sheets of at least partially reduced graphene oxide, or combinations thereof; at least one active material particle disposed within each of the capsules, each active SVG 15694144.08-05-2020.KDHJGZJWRXEAPX0.CLM.1.svg 0.15 1.91 Black and white a core comprising silicon, silicon oxide or combinations thereof; and a buffer layer su rr ounding the core and comprising a polymeric material or a pyrolyzed polymeric material; and a binder, wherein each capsule defines an interior void space configured to accommodate volumetric expansion of the active material particles during charging of the composite anode material, and wherein the composite anode material provides a buffer matrix in which a[[the]] combination of the buffer layer and the interior void space within each capsule reduce mechanical degradation of the core during lithium ion intercalation and deintercalation. Currently amended
The electrode of claim 11, wherein the cores have an average particle size ranging from about 50 nm to about 400 nm. Original
The electrode of claim 11, wherein the buffer layers comprise the polymeric material, and the polymeric material is chemically cross-linked. Previously presented
The electrode of claim 11, wherein the buffer layers comprise the pyrolyzed polymeric material. Previously presented
The electrode of claim 11, wherein the polymeric material comprises polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyvinyl formal (PVF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), or a combination thereof. Previously presented
The electrode of claim 11, wherein the binder comprises polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), poly(acrylic) acid, polyethylenetetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), a polyamide, a polyimide, polyethylene, styrene- butadiene rubber, cellulose, polyacrylate rubber, or a mixture thereof. Previously presented
The electrode of claim 11, wherein the electrode has an internal porosity that ranges from about 40 percent to about 60 percent, as measured by the equation: SVG 15694144.08-05-2020.KDHJGZJWRXEAPX0.CLM.2.svg 0.39 3.52 Black and white where the measured density is measured by dividing the mass of a dried electrode by its volume and the theoretical density is the density of the composite anode material that is 100 percent dense. Original
23-31. Canceled
Canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
composite anode material particle
anode electrode
Materials described outside the worked examples.
composite anode material
graphene/graphene oxide/at least partially reduced graphene oxide (crumpled sheets)
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Duration | 1800–7200 s | — |
Duration | 30–1800 s |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,873,075Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a particle of the composite anode material of the present application having a buffer matrix …
FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment of a particle of the composite anode material of the present application having a buffer matrix …
FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment of a particle of the composite anode material of the present application having a buffer matrix …
FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary percent capacity retention lithium ion cell discharge testing results using a buffer matrix anode active material formulation of …
FIG. 5 is a schematic that illustrates the anode active material fabrication process of the present application. [17]
FIG. 6 is a graph that shows discharge testing results illustrating capacity retention as a function of discharge cycle of test cells in comparison to control …
FIG. 7 is a graph that shows discharge testing results illustrating capacity retention as a function of discharge cycle. [19]
FIG. 8 is a graph that shows discharge testing results illustrating coulombic retention as a function of discharge cycle of test cells in comparison to control …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
(Cu rr ently Amended) A composite anode material, comprising: capsules comprising crumpled sheets of graphene, crumpled sheets of graphene oxide, crumpled sheets of at least partially reduced graphene oxide, or combinations thereof; and active material particles disposed within the capsules, each active material particle comprising: a core comprising silicon, silicon oxide, or a combination thereof; and a buffer layer at least partially surrounding the core and comprising a polymeric material or a pyrolyzed polymeric material, wherein each capsule defines an interior void space configured to accommodate volumetric expansion of the active material particles during charging of the composite anode material, and wherein the composite anode material provides a buffer matrix in which a[[the]] combination of the buffer layer and the interior void space within each capsule reduce mechanical degradation of the core during lithium ion intercalation and deintercalation. Currently amended
The composite anode material of claim 1, wherein the cores have an average particle size ranging from about 50 nm to about 400 nm. Original
The composite anode material of claim 1, wherein: the capsules comprise a single active material particle or a plurality of the active material particles; and the active material particles each comprise a single core disposed in the buffer layer or a plurality of the cores disposed in the buffer layer. Original
The composite anode material of claim 1, wherein the buffer layers comprise the polymeric material and the polymeric material is chemically cross-linked. Previously presented
The composite anode material of claim 1, wherein the buffer layers comprise the pyrolyzed polymeric material. Previously presented
The composite anode material of claim 1, wherein the composite anode material has an average particle size that ranges from about 0.5 p m to about 10 pm. Previously presented
The composite anode material of claim 1, wherein the buffer layers have an average thickness that ranges from about 1 nm to about 50 nm. Original
A method of fabricating an electrode, the method comprising: mixing the composite anode material of claim 1 with a solvent and a binder to form a slurry; coating a substrate with the slu rr y; and drying the coated substrate to form the anode electrode. Withdrawn
Canceled
(Cu rr ently Amended) An electrode, comprising: capsules comprising crumpled sheets of graphene, crumpled sheets of graphene oxide, crumpled sheets of at least partially reduced graphene oxide, or combinations thereof; at least one active material particle disposed within each of the capsules, each active SVG 15694144.08-05-2020.KDHJGZJWRXEAPX0.CLM.1.svg 0.15 1.91 Black and white a core comprising silicon, silicon oxide or combinations thereof; and a buffer layer su rr ounding the core and comprising a polymeric material or a pyrolyzed polymeric material; and a binder, wherein each capsule defines an interior void space configured to accommodate volumetric expansion of the active material particles during charging of the composite anode material, and wherein the composite anode material provides a buffer matrix in which a[[the]] combination of the buffer layer and the interior void space within each capsule reduce mechanical degradation of the core during lithium ion intercalation and deintercalation. Currently amended
The electrode of claim 11, wherein the cores have an average particle size ranging from about 50 nm to about 400 nm. Original
The electrode of claim 11, wherein the buffer layers comprise the polymeric material, and the polymeric material is chemically cross-linked. Previously presented
The electrode of claim 11, wherein the buffer layers comprise the pyrolyzed polymeric material. Previously presented
The electrode of claim 11, wherein the polymeric material comprises polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyvinyl formal (PVF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), or a combination thereof. Previously presented
The electrode of claim 11, wherein the binder comprises polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), poly(acrylic) acid, polyethylenetetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), a polyamide, a polyimide, polyethylene, styrene- butadiene rubber, cellulose, polyacrylate rubber, or a mixture thereof. Previously presented
The electrode of claim 11, wherein the electrode has an internal porosity that ranges from about 40 percent to about 60 percent, as measured by the equation: SVG 15694144.08-05-2020.KDHJGZJWRXEAPX0.CLM.2.svg 0.39 3.52 Black and white where the measured density is measured by dividing the mass of a dried electrode by its volume and the theoretical density is the density of the composite anode material that is 100 percent dense. Original
23-31. Canceled
Canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
composite anode material particle
anode electrode
Materials described outside the worked examples.
composite anode material
graphene/graphene oxide/at least partially reduced graphene oxide (crumpled sheets)
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Duration | 1800–7200 s | — |
Duration | 30–1800 s |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,873,075Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a particle of the composite anode material of the present application having a buffer matrix …
FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment of a particle of the composite anode material of the present application having a buffer matrix …
FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment of a particle of the composite anode material of the present application having a buffer matrix …
FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary percent capacity retention lithium ion cell discharge testing results using a buffer matrix anode active material formulation of …
FIG. 5 is a schematic that illustrates the anode active material fabrication process of the present application. [17]
FIG. 6 is a graph that shows discharge testing results illustrating capacity retention as a function of discharge cycle of test cells in comparison to control …
FIG. 7 is a graph that shows discharge testing results illustrating capacity retention as a function of discharge cycle. [19]
FIG. 8 is a graph that shows discharge testing results illustrating coulombic retention as a function of discharge cycle of test cells in comparison to control …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
(Cu rr ently Amended) A composite anode material, comprising: capsules comprising crumpled sheets of graphene, crumpled sheets of graphene oxide, crumpled sheets of at least partially reduced graphene oxide, or combinations thereof; and active material particles disposed within the capsules, each active material particle comprising: a core comprising silicon, silicon oxide, or a combination thereof; and a buffer layer at least partially surrounding the core and comprising a polymeric material or a pyrolyzed polymeric material, wherein each capsule defines an interior void space configured to accommodate volumetric expansion of the active material particles during charging of the composite anode material, and wherein the composite anode material provides a buffer matrix in which a[[the]] combination of the buffer layer and the interior void space within each capsule reduce mechanical degradation of the core during lithium ion intercalation and deintercalation. Currently amended
The composite anode material of claim 1, wherein the cores have an average particle size ranging from about 50 nm to about 400 nm. Original
The composite anode material of claim 1, wherein: the capsules comprise a single active material particle or a plurality of the active material particles; and the active material particles each comprise a single core disposed in the buffer layer or a plurality of the cores disposed in the buffer layer. Original
The composite anode material of claim 1, wherein the buffer layers comprise the polymeric material and the polymeric material is chemically cross-linked. Previously presented
The composite anode material of claim 1, wherein the buffer layers comprise the pyrolyzed polymeric material. Previously presented
The composite anode material of claim 1, wherein the composite anode material has an average particle size that ranges from about 0.5 p m to about 10 pm. Previously presented
The composite anode material of claim 1, wherein the buffer layers have an average thickness that ranges from about 1 nm to about 50 nm. Original
A method of fabricating an electrode, the method comprising: mixing the composite anode material of claim 1 with a solvent and a binder to form a slurry; coating a substrate with the slu rr y; and drying the coated substrate to form the anode electrode. Withdrawn
Canceled
(Cu rr ently Amended) An electrode, comprising: capsules comprising crumpled sheets of graphene, crumpled sheets of graphene oxide, crumpled sheets of at least partially reduced graphene oxide, or combinations thereof; at least one active material particle disposed within each of the capsules, each active SVG 15694144.08-05-2020.KDHJGZJWRXEAPX0.CLM.1.svg 0.15 1.91 Black and white a core comprising silicon, silicon oxide or combinations thereof; and a buffer layer su rr ounding the core and comprising a polymeric material or a pyrolyzed polymeric material; and a binder, wherein each capsule defines an interior void space configured to accommodate volumetric expansion of the active material particles during charging of the composite anode material, and wherein the composite anode material provides a buffer matrix in which a[[the]] combination of the buffer layer and the interior void space within each capsule reduce mechanical degradation of the core during lithium ion intercalation and deintercalation. Currently amended
The electrode of claim 11, wherein the cores have an average particle size ranging from about 50 nm to about 400 nm. Original
The electrode of claim 11, wherein the buffer layers comprise the polymeric material, and the polymeric material is chemically cross-linked. Previously presented
The electrode of claim 11, wherein the buffer layers comprise the pyrolyzed polymeric material. Previously presented
The electrode of claim 11, wherein the polymeric material comprises polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyvinyl formal (PVF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), or a combination thereof. Previously presented
The electrode of claim 11, wherein the binder comprises polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), poly(acrylic) acid, polyethylenetetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), a polyamide, a polyimide, polyethylene, styrene- butadiene rubber, cellulose, polyacrylate rubber, or a mixture thereof. Previously presented
The electrode of claim 11, wherein the electrode has an internal porosity that ranges from about 40 percent to about 60 percent, as measured by the equation: SVG 15694144.08-05-2020.KDHJGZJWRXEAPX0.CLM.2.svg 0.39 3.52 Black and white where the measured density is measured by dividing the mass of a dried electrode by its volume and the theoretical density is the density of the composite anode material that is 100 percent dense. Original
23-31. Canceled
Canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
composite anode material particle
anode electrode
Materials described outside the worked examples.
composite anode material
graphene/graphene oxide/at least partially reduced graphene oxide (crumpled sheets)
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Duration | 1800–7200 s | — |
Duration | 30–1800 s |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
silicon
Si
silicon oxide
SiOx
polymeric material (buffer layer)
boric acid
B(OH)3
citric acid
glutaraldehyde (GA)
fumaric acid
pyrolyzed polymeric material
polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)
polyvinyl butyral (PVB)
polyvinyl formal (PVF)
polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
binder (PTFE, PVDF, poly(acrylic) acid, ETFE, polyamide, polyimide, polyethylene, styrene-butadiene rubber, cellulose, polyacrylate rubber)
graphene
graphene oxide
partially reduced graphene oxide
| — |
Duration | 30–300 s | — |
Duration | 2–24 hours | — |
Thickness | 50–400 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–50 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–25 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–10 nm | — |
Duration | 3–5 hours | — |
Thickness | ≤ 500 nm | — |
silicon
Si
silicon oxide
SiOx
polymeric material (buffer layer)
boric acid
B(OH)3
citric acid
glutaraldehyde (GA)
fumaric acid
pyrolyzed polymeric material
polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)
polyvinyl butyral (PVB)
polyvinyl formal (PVF)
polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
binder (PTFE, PVDF, poly(acrylic) acid, ETFE, polyamide, polyimide, polyethylene, styrene-butadiene rubber, cellulose, polyacrylate rubber)
graphene
graphene oxide
partially reduced graphene oxide
| — |
Duration | 30–300 s | — |
Duration | 2–24 hours | — |
Thickness | 50–400 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–50 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–25 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–10 nm | — |
Duration | 3–5 hours | — |
Thickness | ≤ 500 nm | — |
silicon
Si
silicon oxide
SiOx
polymeric material (buffer layer)
boric acid
B(OH)3
citric acid
glutaraldehyde (GA)
fumaric acid
pyrolyzed polymeric material
polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)
polyvinyl butyral (PVB)
polyvinyl formal (PVF)
polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
binder (PTFE, PVDF, poly(acrylic) acid, ETFE, polyamide, polyimide, polyethylene, styrene-butadiene rubber, cellulose, polyacrylate rubber)
graphene
graphene oxide
partially reduced graphene oxide
| — |
Duration | 30–300 s | — |
Duration | 2–24 hours | — |
Thickness | 50–400 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–50 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–25 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–10 nm | — |
Duration | 3–5 hours | — |
Thickness | ≤ 500 nm | — |
silicon
Si
silicon oxide
SiOx
polymeric material (buffer layer)
boric acid
B(OH)3
citric acid
glutaraldehyde (GA)
fumaric acid
pyrolyzed polymeric material
polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)
polyvinyl butyral (PVB)
polyvinyl formal (PVF)
polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
binder (PTFE, PVDF, poly(acrylic) acid, ETFE, polyamide, polyimide, polyethylene, styrene-butadiene rubber, cellulose, polyacrylate rubber)
graphene
graphene oxide
partially reduced graphene oxide
| — |
Duration | 30–300 s | — |
Duration | 2–24 hours | — |
Thickness | 50–400 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–50 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–25 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–10 nm | — |
Duration | 3–5 hours | — |
Thickness | ≤ 500 nm | — |