GRAPHENE MATERIALS HAVING RANDOMLY DISTRIBUTED TWO-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURAL DEFECTS

Harold H. Kung

Patent

Atlas literature

Patent

US 9,352,968

GRAPHENE MATERIALS HAVING RANDOMLY DISTRIBUTED TWO-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURAL DEFECTS

Harold H. Kung

Claims

Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.

4 independent · 21 dependent

1
Independentgraphene sheets with defect poresHNO₃
A method, comprising: a) exposing one or more graphene sheets to an acid at an acid concentrationv. high enovugh., andu an. e poure lon:g enough, to gencratc creating at least one defect pore [[s]] formed from a carbon vacancy vacancics [[in]] disposed within the one or more graphene sheets;; and b) removing the acid from the one or more graphene sheets; and c) exposing the one or more graphene sheets to a ﬁrst elevated temperature to thereby reducing the one or more grap'hn c he c ts form a structure in which at least a portion of the one or more graphene sheets comprise crystalline graphite having the defect porco
1. 2
  Dependent← claim 1graphene sheets with defect pores
  SVG 14025572.01-08-2016.IJ₆₅₀₃OBPXXIFW3.CLM.1.19.600.2055.1039.2086.svg 0.103 1.463 Chemistry Black and white 2. The method of claim 1 [[,]] wherein the at least one defect pore within the one or more graphene sheets has an [[the]] average diameter of the defect pores is in the range from about 1 nm to about 100 nm.
2. 3
  Dependent← claim 1graphene sheets with defect pores
  The method of claim 1 [[,]] wherein the at least one defect pore comprises a plurality of defect pores having an average diameter 2 SVG 14025572.01-08-2016.IJ₆₅₀₃OBPXXIFW3.CLM.2.10.600.991.630.1023.svg 0.107 0.10 Chemistry Black and white 3018- 001DIV and an average separation distance that extends between adjacent defect pores, wherein the defect pores have an average density within one of defect porc in the graphene sheet [[s]] of at least 3, wherein the average defect pore density is measured e-mea-- ured by [[the]] a ratio of the average separation distance between adjacent defect pores to the average pore diameter within the graphene sheet,is at least n.
3. 6
  Dependent← claim 1exfoliated oxidized graphene sheets (graphene oxide)
  The method of claim 1 [[,]] wherein the step of exposing the one or more graphene sheets to [[an]] the acid comprises exposing one or more a 5uopenoion of e xfoliated, oxidized graphene sheets to the acid.
4. 7
  Dependent← claim 1graphene sheets with defect pores
  The method of claim 1 [[,]] whe rcin further comprising attaching a carboxylate group to a respective perimeter of the at least one defect pore pores have carboxylate groups at their
5. 8
  Dependent← claim 1graphene sheets with defect pores
  SVG 14025572.01-08-2016.IJ₆₅₀₃OBPXXIFW3.CLM.2.22.600.2354.919.2391.svg 0.123 1.063 Chemistry Black and white 8. The method of claim 1 [[,]] wherein [[the]] lithium ions are capable of diﬀusing through the at least one defect pore [[s]] within [[in]] the one or more graphene sheets arc SVG 14025572.01-08-2016.IJ₆₅₀₃OBPXXIFW3.CLM.2.26.600.2862.2190.2901.svg 0.13 5.30 Chemistry Black and white SVG 14025572.01-08-2016.IJ₆₅₀₃OBPXXIFW3.CLM.2.26.600.2947.2070.2986.svg 0.13 4.90 Chemistry Black and white 3 3018- 001DIV
6. 9
  Dependent← claim 1graphene sheets with defect pores
  SVG 14025572.01-08-2016.IJ₆₅₀₃OBPXXIFW3.CLM.3.2.600.313.2070.352.svg 0.13 4.90 Chemistry Black and white SVG 14025572.01-08-2016.IJ₆₅₀₃OBPXXIFW3.CLM.3.2.600.398.2220.437.svg 0.13 5.40 Chemistry Black and white SVG 14025572.01-08-2016.IJ₆₅₀₃OBPXXIFW3.CLM.3.2.600.483.1549.522.svg 0.13 3.163 Chemistry Black and white 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one defect pores is a two-dimensional defect pore disposed within a plane of the one or more graphene sheets.
7. 10
  Dependent← claim 1HNO₃
  The method of claim 1 wherein the acid comprises HNO 3.
8. 11
  Dependent← claim 1graphene oxidegraphene sheets with defect pores
  The method of claim 1 further comprising exposing the one or more graphene sheets to the ﬁrst elevated temperature to reduce the one or more graphene sheets from a graphene oxide to graphene.
4
Independent
4. canceled
5
Independent
canceled
16
Independentgraphene sheets with defect poreselectrochemically active particlesgraphene-silicon composite electrode material with network of graphitic regions
A method, comprising: a) exposing a plurality of graphene sheets to an acid creating at least one defect pore formed from a carbon vacancy disposed within at least one of the plurality of graphene sheets; b) mixing the plurality of graphene sheets with electrochemically active particles, wherein the electrochemically active particles are dispersed between adjacent graphene sheets; c) removing the acid from the plurality of graphene sheets; and d) exposing the mixture of graphene sheets and electrochemically active particles to an elevated temperature, thereby forming a material structure having a network of graphitic regions, wherein the network of graphitic regions has at least one crystalline structure portion and at least one disordered structure portion. 5 3018- 001DIV
1. 17
  Dependent← claim 16graphene sheets with defect poreselectrochemically active particlesgraphene-silicon composite electrode material with network of graphitic regions
  The method of claim 16 wherein the electrochemically active particles are dispersed between, and in electrochemical contact with, the graphene sheets that comprise the at least one disordered structure portion.
2. 18
  Dependent← claim 16Si
  The method of claim 16 wherein the electrochemically active particles comprise silicon.
3. 19
  Dependent← claim 16graphene sheets with defect pores
  The method of claim 16 wherein the at least one defect pore comprises a diameter that ranges from about 1 nm to about 100 nm.
4. 20
  Dependent← claim 16graphene sheets with defect pores
  The method of claim 16 wherein the at least one defect pore comprises a plurality of defect pores having an average diameter and an average separation distance that extends between adjacent defect pores, wherein the defect pores have an average density within one graphene sheet of at least 3, wherein the average defect pore density is measured by a ratio of the average separation distance between adjacent defect pores to the average pore diameter within the graphene sheet.
5. 21
  Dependent← claim 16
  The method of claim 16 wherein the elevated temperature is at least about 700 °C.
6. 22
  Dependent← claim 16HNO₃
  The method of claim 16 wherein the acid comprises HNO 3. 6 3018- 001DIV
7. 23
  Dependent← claim 16exfoliated oxidized graphene sheets (graphene oxide)
  The method of claim 16 wherein the step of exposing the one or more graphene sheets to the acid comprises exposing one or more exfoliated, oxidized graphene sheets to the acid.
8. 24
  Dependent← claim 16
  The method of claim 16 wherein the step of removing the acid occurs before the step of mixing the plurality of graphene sheets with electrochemically active particles.
9. 25
  Dependent← claim 16graphene oxidegraphene sheets with defect pores
  The method of claim 16 wherein exposing the mixture of reduced graphene sheets and electrochemically active particles to the elevated temperature causes at least a portion of the plurality of graphene sheets to reduce from a graphene oxide to graphene. 7

Worked examples

Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.

Example (graphene sheet acid treatment and reduction)

example section example

5 materials2 process steps

Exfoliated, oxidized graphene sheets are exposed to acid (e.g., HNO₃) at a sufficient concentration and exposure time to generate defect pores (carbon vacancies) within the graphene sheets. The acid is then removed and the oxidized graphene sheets are reduced (at elevated temperature, at least ~700 °C) to form a vertically-stacked arrangement of graphene sheets having a random distribution of defect pores. In composite embodiments, electrochemically active nanoparticles (e.g., silicon) are mixed with the graphene sheets before reduction so that they are dispersed between the graphene sheets, resulting in a network of graphitic regions comprising crystalline portions integrated with disordered portions containing the nanoparticles.

Device structures

Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.

graphene-silicon composite electrode material with network of graphitic regions

Sielectrochemically active particles

graphene sheets with defect poresdisordered graphene regions with dispersed electrochemically active particles

crystalline graphite networkcrystalline graphitic regions

Materials

Materials described outside the worked examples.

electrochemically active particles

Electrochemically Active Electrode Material Dispersed Between Graphene Sheets

crystalline graphite network

Product Structure — Crystalline Portions Of Graphene Stack

Reported properties

Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.

Property	Value	Material
average defect pore diameter range	1–100 nm	graphene sheets with defect pores
minimum average defect pore density ratio (separation/diameter)	3 dimensionless (separation distance / pore diameter)

Why these are connected

Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.

GRAPHENE MATERIALS HAVING RANDOMLY DISTRIBUTED TWO-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURAL DEFECTS | Matter42 Literature