Patent
US 10,688,127GRAPHENE AND GRAPHENE-RELATED MATERIALS FOR MANIPULATION OF CELL MEMBRANE POTENTIAL
Elena Molokanova
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,688,127Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of using an activating system to e licit changes in a functional state of at least one biological target, the method comprising: providing the activating system, the activating system comprising: at least one biointerface adapted to generate free charge carriers in response to exposure to electromagnetic radiation, the at least one biointerface comprising one or more materials comprising at least one graphene sheet, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphite, graphite oxide, or combinations thereof; [[and]] at least one source of electromagnetic radiation adap ted ed to expose the at least one biointerface to the electromagnetic radiation; and the at least one biological target comprising live cells that contact or are positioned in sufficient proximity to the at least one biointerface such that cell membrane potentials of the live cells ar c remotely and reversibly manipulated by the free charge carriers generated by exposure of the at least one biointerface to the electromagnetic radiation; positioning t he at le ast one biological target and the at least one biointerface; and exposing the at least one biointerface to the electromagnetic radiation from the at least one source of electromagnetic radiation, generating the free charge carriers, and remotely and reversibly manipulating the cell membrane potentials of the live cells. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the live cells comprise one or more intact cells. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein said exposing the at least one biointerface to the electromagnetic radiation comprises exposing the at least one biointerface to visible spectrum electromagnetic radiation, radio frequency spectrum electromagnetic radiation, infrared electromagnetic r adiation, gn microwave spectrum electromagnetic radiation, or combinations thereof. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein said exposing the at least one biointerface to the electromagnetic radiation comprises exposing the at least one biointerface to visible light. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, further comprising using the at least one bi ointerface for production of cells for stem cell research and cell replacement therapies. Original
The method of claim 1, further comprising using the at least one biointerface for electroporation of biological membranes and for electroporation-based delivery of materials through biological membranes. Original
(Withdrawn-Currently Amended) A method of using an activating system for performing a biological assay, the method comprising: eliciting changes in a functional state of at least one biological target, said eliciting changes comprising: providing the activating system, the activating system comprising: at least one biointerface adapted to generate free char ge carriers in response to exposure to electromagnetic radiation, the at least one biointerface comprising one or more materials comprising at least one graphene sheet, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphite, graphite oxide, or combinations thereo f; [[and l] at least one source of electromagnetic radiation ada pted to expose the at least one biointerface to the electromagnetic radiation; and the at least one biological target comprising live cells that contact or are positioned in sufficient proximity to the at least one biointerface such that cell membrane potentials of the live cells are remotely and reversibly manipulated by the f re e charge carriers generated by exposure of the at least one biointerface to the electromagnetic radiation; positioning the at least one biological target and the at least one biointerface; and exposing the at leas t one b i ointerface to the electromagnetic radiation from the at least one source of electromagnetic radiation, generating the free charge carriers, and remotely and reversibly manipulating the cell membrane potentials of the live cells; and monitoring said changes in the at least one biological target using one or more detection methods. Currently amended
The method of claim 7, wherein the monitoring of said changes in the at least one biological target is performed using optical detection methods. Withdrawn
The method of claim 7, wherein the monitoring of said changes in the at least one biological target comprises monitoring changes in the targe t's functional state, the changes comprising changes in one or more of: morphology, cell migration, cell viability, cell metabolism, intracellular ion concentrations, cell membrane potential, mitochondrial membrane potential, intra/extracellular concentrations of signaling molecules, enzymatic activity, translocation of intracellular molecules, or combinations thereof. Withdrawn
The method of claim 7, wherein the monitoring of said changes in the at least one biological target is performed using electrophysiological detection methods, comprising patch clamp techniques, planar electrophysiological systems, extracellular recordings, microelect r ode arrays, field transistors, carbon nanotubes, or combinations thereof. Withdrawn
The method of claim 7, wherein the monitoring of said changes in the at least one biological target is performed using genetic detection methods, comprising PCR, RT-PCR, DNA sequencing, next generation sequencing, DNA microarrays, karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization, calorimetric in situ hybridization, or combinations thereof. Previously presented
The method of claim 7, further comprising using the at least one biointerfac e for bidirectional communications with the at least one biological target by stimulating the at least one biological target and monitoring resultant changes in the at least one biological target using either imaging or electrical modality, or combinations thereof. Withdrawn
The method of claim 7, wherein the method is utilized for screening, pharmacological profiling, and evaluation of chemical entities in terms of their pharmacological properties, potential cardiotoxicit y, neurotoxicity, metabolic toxicity, or combinations thereof. Withdrawn
The method of claim 7, wherein the method is utilized for pharmacological profiling of cells, membrane receptors, ion channels, transmembrane transporters, kinases, phospha t ases, or combinations thereof. Withdrawn
15-20.. Canceled
Canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
biointerface activating system
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene sheet
graphene oxide
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
— | 84- 20 w | — |
— | 2–3 w |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,688,127Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of using an activating system to e licit changes in a functional state of at least one biological target, the method comprising: providing the activating system, the activating system comprising: at least one biointerface adapted to generate free charge carriers in response to exposure to electromagnetic radiation, the at least one biointerface comprising one or more materials comprising at least one graphene sheet, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphite, graphite oxide, or combinations thereof; [[and]] at least one source of electromagnetic radiation adap ted ed to expose the at least one biointerface to the electromagnetic radiation; and the at least one biological target comprising live cells that contact or are positioned in sufficient proximity to the at least one biointerface such that cell membrane potentials of the live cells ar c remotely and reversibly manipulated by the free charge carriers generated by exposure of the at least one biointerface to the electromagnetic radiation; positioning t he at le ast one biological target and the at least one biointerface; and exposing the at least one biointerface to the electromagnetic radiation from the at least one source of electromagnetic radiation, generating the free charge carriers, and remotely and reversibly manipulating the cell membrane potentials of the live cells. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the live cells comprise one or more intact cells. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein said exposing the at least one biointerface to the electromagnetic radiation comprises exposing the at least one biointerface to visible spectrum electromagnetic radiation, radio frequency spectrum electromagnetic radiation, infrared electromagnetic r adiation, gn microwave spectrum electromagnetic radiation, or combinations thereof. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein said exposing the at least one biointerface to the electromagnetic radiation comprises exposing the at least one biointerface to visible light. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, further comprising using the at least one bi ointerface for production of cells for stem cell research and cell replacement therapies. Original
The method of claim 1, further comprising using the at least one biointerface for electroporation of biological membranes and for electroporation-based delivery of materials through biological membranes. Original
(Withdrawn-Currently Amended) A method of using an activating system for performing a biological assay, the method comprising: eliciting changes in a functional state of at least one biological target, said eliciting changes comprising: providing the activating system, the activating system comprising: at least one biointerface adapted to generate free char ge carriers in response to exposure to electromagnetic radiation, the at least one biointerface comprising one or more materials comprising at least one graphene sheet, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphite, graphite oxide, or combinations thereo f; [[and l] at least one source of electromagnetic radiation ada pted to expose the at least one biointerface to the electromagnetic radiation; and the at least one biological target comprising live cells that contact or are positioned in sufficient proximity to the at least one biointerface such that cell membrane potentials of the live cells are remotely and reversibly manipulated by the f re e charge carriers generated by exposure of the at least one biointerface to the electromagnetic radiation; positioning the at least one biological target and the at least one biointerface; and exposing the at leas t one b i ointerface to the electromagnetic radiation from the at least one source of electromagnetic radiation, generating the free charge carriers, and remotely and reversibly manipulating the cell membrane potentials of the live cells; and monitoring said changes in the at least one biological target using one or more detection methods. Currently amended
The method of claim 7, wherein the monitoring of said changes in the at least one biological target is performed using optical detection methods. Withdrawn
The method of claim 7, wherein the monitoring of said changes in the at least one biological target comprises monitoring changes in the targe t's functional state, the changes comprising changes in one or more of: morphology, cell migration, cell viability, cell metabolism, intracellular ion concentrations, cell membrane potential, mitochondrial membrane potential, intra/extracellular concentrations of signaling molecules, enzymatic activity, translocation of intracellular molecules, or combinations thereof. Withdrawn
The method of claim 7, wherein the monitoring of said changes in the at least one biological target is performed using electrophysiological detection methods, comprising patch clamp techniques, planar electrophysiological systems, extracellular recordings, microelect r ode arrays, field transistors, carbon nanotubes, or combinations thereof. Withdrawn
The method of claim 7, wherein the monitoring of said changes in the at least one biological target is performed using genetic detection methods, comprising PCR, RT-PCR, DNA sequencing, next generation sequencing, DNA microarrays, karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization, calorimetric in situ hybridization, or combinations thereof. Previously presented
The method of claim 7, further comprising using the at least one biointerfac e for bidirectional communications with the at least one biological target by stimulating the at least one biological target and monitoring resultant changes in the at least one biological target using either imaging or electrical modality, or combinations thereof. Withdrawn
The method of claim 7, wherein the method is utilized for screening, pharmacological profiling, and evaluation of chemical entities in terms of their pharmacological properties, potential cardiotoxicit y, neurotoxicity, metabolic toxicity, or combinations thereof. Withdrawn
The method of claim 7, wherein the method is utilized for pharmacological profiling of cells, membrane receptors, ion channels, transmembrane transporters, kinases, phospha t ases, or combinations thereof. Withdrawn
15-20.. Canceled
Canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
biointerface activating system
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene sheet
graphene oxide
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
— | 84- 20 w | — |
— | 2–3 w |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,688,127Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of using an activating system to e licit changes in a functional state of at least one biological target, the method comprising: providing the activating system, the activating system comprising: at least one biointerface adapted to generate free charge carriers in response to exposure to electromagnetic radiation, the at least one biointerface comprising one or more materials comprising at least one graphene sheet, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphite, graphite oxide, or combinations thereof; [[and]] at least one source of electromagnetic radiation adap ted ed to expose the at least one biointerface to the electromagnetic radiation; and the at least one biological target comprising live cells that contact or are positioned in sufficient proximity to the at least one biointerface such that cell membrane potentials of the live cells ar c remotely and reversibly manipulated by the free charge carriers generated by exposure of the at least one biointerface to the electromagnetic radiation; positioning t he at le ast one biological target and the at least one biointerface; and exposing the at least one biointerface to the electromagnetic radiation from the at least one source of electromagnetic radiation, generating the free charge carriers, and remotely and reversibly manipulating the cell membrane potentials of the live cells. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the live cells comprise one or more intact cells. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein said exposing the at least one biointerface to the electromagnetic radiation comprises exposing the at least one biointerface to visible spectrum electromagnetic radiation, radio frequency spectrum electromagnetic radiation, infrared electromagnetic r adiation, gn microwave spectrum electromagnetic radiation, or combinations thereof. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein said exposing the at least one biointerface to the electromagnetic radiation comprises exposing the at least one biointerface to visible light. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, further comprising using the at least one bi ointerface for production of cells for stem cell research and cell replacement therapies. Original
The method of claim 1, further comprising using the at least one biointerface for electroporation of biological membranes and for electroporation-based delivery of materials through biological membranes. Original
(Withdrawn-Currently Amended) A method of using an activating system for performing a biological assay, the method comprising: eliciting changes in a functional state of at least one biological target, said eliciting changes comprising: providing the activating system, the activating system comprising: at least one biointerface adapted to generate free char ge carriers in response to exposure to electromagnetic radiation, the at least one biointerface comprising one or more materials comprising at least one graphene sheet, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphite, graphite oxide, or combinations thereo f; [[and l] at least one source of electromagnetic radiation ada pted to expose the at least one biointerface to the electromagnetic radiation; and the at least one biological target comprising live cells that contact or are positioned in sufficient proximity to the at least one biointerface such that cell membrane potentials of the live cells are remotely and reversibly manipulated by the f re e charge carriers generated by exposure of the at least one biointerface to the electromagnetic radiation; positioning the at least one biological target and the at least one biointerface; and exposing the at leas t one b i ointerface to the electromagnetic radiation from the at least one source of electromagnetic radiation, generating the free charge carriers, and remotely and reversibly manipulating the cell membrane potentials of the live cells; and monitoring said changes in the at least one biological target using one or more detection methods. Currently amended
The method of claim 7, wherein the monitoring of said changes in the at least one biological target is performed using optical detection methods. Withdrawn
The method of claim 7, wherein the monitoring of said changes in the at least one biological target comprises monitoring changes in the targe t's functional state, the changes comprising changes in one or more of: morphology, cell migration, cell viability, cell metabolism, intracellular ion concentrations, cell membrane potential, mitochondrial membrane potential, intra/extracellular concentrations of signaling molecules, enzymatic activity, translocation of intracellular molecules, or combinations thereof. Withdrawn
The method of claim 7, wherein the monitoring of said changes in the at least one biological target is performed using electrophysiological detection methods, comprising patch clamp techniques, planar electrophysiological systems, extracellular recordings, microelect r ode arrays, field transistors, carbon nanotubes, or combinations thereof. Withdrawn
The method of claim 7, wherein the monitoring of said changes in the at least one biological target is performed using genetic detection methods, comprising PCR, RT-PCR, DNA sequencing, next generation sequencing, DNA microarrays, karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization, calorimetric in situ hybridization, or combinations thereof. Previously presented
The method of claim 7, further comprising using the at least one biointerfac e for bidirectional communications with the at least one biological target by stimulating the at least one biological target and monitoring resultant changes in the at least one biological target using either imaging or electrical modality, or combinations thereof. Withdrawn
The method of claim 7, wherein the method is utilized for screening, pharmacological profiling, and evaluation of chemical entities in terms of their pharmacological properties, potential cardiotoxicit y, neurotoxicity, metabolic toxicity, or combinations thereof. Withdrawn
The method of claim 7, wherein the method is utilized for pharmacological profiling of cells, membrane receptors, ion channels, transmembrane transporters, kinases, phospha t ases, or combinations thereof. Withdrawn
15-20.. Canceled
Canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
biointerface activating system
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene sheet
graphene oxide
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
— | 84- 20 w | — |
— | 2–3 w |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,688,127Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of using an activating system to e licit changes in a functional state of at least one biological target, the method comprising: providing the activating system, the activating system comprising: at least one biointerface adapted to generate free charge carriers in response to exposure to electromagnetic radiation, the at least one biointerface comprising one or more materials comprising at least one graphene sheet, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphite, graphite oxide, or combinations thereof; [[and]] at least one source of electromagnetic radiation adap ted ed to expose the at least one biointerface to the electromagnetic radiation; and the at least one biological target comprising live cells that contact or are positioned in sufficient proximity to the at least one biointerface such that cell membrane potentials of the live cells ar c remotely and reversibly manipulated by the free charge carriers generated by exposure of the at least one biointerface to the electromagnetic radiation; positioning t he at le ast one biological target and the at least one biointerface; and exposing the at least one biointerface to the electromagnetic radiation from the at least one source of electromagnetic radiation, generating the free charge carriers, and remotely and reversibly manipulating the cell membrane potentials of the live cells. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the live cells comprise one or more intact cells. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein said exposing the at least one biointerface to the electromagnetic radiation comprises exposing the at least one biointerface to visible spectrum electromagnetic radiation, radio frequency spectrum electromagnetic radiation, infrared electromagnetic r adiation, gn microwave spectrum electromagnetic radiation, or combinations thereof. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein said exposing the at least one biointerface to the electromagnetic radiation comprises exposing the at least one biointerface to visible light. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, further comprising using the at least one bi ointerface for production of cells for stem cell research and cell replacement therapies. Original
The method of claim 1, further comprising using the at least one biointerface for electroporation of biological membranes and for electroporation-based delivery of materials through biological membranes. Original
(Withdrawn-Currently Amended) A method of using an activating system for performing a biological assay, the method comprising: eliciting changes in a functional state of at least one biological target, said eliciting changes comprising: providing the activating system, the activating system comprising: at least one biointerface adapted to generate free char ge carriers in response to exposure to electromagnetic radiation, the at least one biointerface comprising one or more materials comprising at least one graphene sheet, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphite, graphite oxide, or combinations thereo f; [[and l] at least one source of electromagnetic radiation ada pted to expose the at least one biointerface to the electromagnetic radiation; and the at least one biological target comprising live cells that contact or are positioned in sufficient proximity to the at least one biointerface such that cell membrane potentials of the live cells are remotely and reversibly manipulated by the f re e charge carriers generated by exposure of the at least one biointerface to the electromagnetic radiation; positioning the at least one biological target and the at least one biointerface; and exposing the at leas t one b i ointerface to the electromagnetic radiation from the at least one source of electromagnetic radiation, generating the free charge carriers, and remotely and reversibly manipulating the cell membrane potentials of the live cells; and monitoring said changes in the at least one biological target using one or more detection methods. Currently amended
The method of claim 7, wherein the monitoring of said changes in the at least one biological target is performed using optical detection methods. Withdrawn
The method of claim 7, wherein the monitoring of said changes in the at least one biological target comprises monitoring changes in the targe t's functional state, the changes comprising changes in one or more of: morphology, cell migration, cell viability, cell metabolism, intracellular ion concentrations, cell membrane potential, mitochondrial membrane potential, intra/extracellular concentrations of signaling molecules, enzymatic activity, translocation of intracellular molecules, or combinations thereof. Withdrawn
The method of claim 7, wherein the monitoring of said changes in the at least one biological target is performed using electrophysiological detection methods, comprising patch clamp techniques, planar electrophysiological systems, extracellular recordings, microelect r ode arrays, field transistors, carbon nanotubes, or combinations thereof. Withdrawn
The method of claim 7, wherein the monitoring of said changes in the at least one biological target is performed using genetic detection methods, comprising PCR, RT-PCR, DNA sequencing, next generation sequencing, DNA microarrays, karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization, calorimetric in situ hybridization, or combinations thereof. Previously presented
The method of claim 7, further comprising using the at least one biointerfac e for bidirectional communications with the at least one biological target by stimulating the at least one biological target and monitoring resultant changes in the at least one biological target using either imaging or electrical modality, or combinations thereof. Withdrawn
The method of claim 7, wherein the method is utilized for screening, pharmacological profiling, and evaluation of chemical entities in terms of their pharmacological properties, potential cardiotoxicit y, neurotoxicity, metabolic toxicity, or combinations thereof. Withdrawn
The method of claim 7, wherein the method is utilized for pharmacological profiling of cells, membrane receptors, ion channels, transmembrane transporters, kinases, phospha t ases, or combinations thereof. Withdrawn
15-20.. Canceled
Canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
biointerface activating system
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene sheet
graphene oxide
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
— | 84- 20 w | — |
— | 2–3 w |
reduced graphene oxide
graphite
graphite oxide
| — |
reduced graphene oxide
graphite
graphite oxide
| — |
reduced graphene oxide
graphite
graphite oxide
| — |
reduced graphene oxide
graphite
graphite oxide
| — |